Journal of Veterinary Dentistry最新文献

Pain has been defined as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with or resembling that associated with actual or potential tissue damage. Pets often experience the same pain as people; however, dental pain is often overlooked, discounted, or unseen/hidden in patients, as the inability to communicate does not negate the possibility that a human or a nonhuman animal experiences pain. This article discusses types of pain and the methods and medications available to treat and prevent oral pain.

This retrospective study evaluated the effects of prosthodontic crown placement on tooth vitality. Prosthodontic crown placement may be indicated for vital teeth affected by attrition, abrasion, uncomplicated crown fractures, enamel defects, and enamel hypoplasia. This study evaluated 26 vital teeth in 17 patients at the time of crown placement and after 1-year following crown placement. Dental radiographs were used to determine vitality of the 26 teeth. Twenty-five teeth were found to be vital and 1 tooth was non-vital 1-year after crown placement. These results demonstrated that tooth vitality was maintained after titanium alloy crown placement to treat crown attrition, abrasion, uncomplicated crown fractures, and enamel defects.

Data on the age of apical closure in felines is limited. Moreover, differences in age of apical closure between male and female cats have not been studied. The aim of this study was to determine the timing of apical closure in cats and determine if sex or position in the dental arch affected closure. In this retrospective descriptive study, intraoral radiographs were obtained at monthly or multiple-monthly intervals for 18 cats. Nine were intact females and 9 were neutered males, ranging from 6 to 9.4 months of age at the start of the study which ranged over an 8-month period. Radiographs were evaluated to establish age of apical closure for all canine teeth as well as the mandibular premolar and molar teeth. Mandibular canine tooth apices closed between 10 and 12 months of age and maxillary canine tooth apices closed between 12 and 14 months of age. The mesial and distal root apices of both the mandibular third and fourth premolar teeth closed between 8 and 9 months. The mandibular first molar tooth mesial and distal root apices closed between 8 and 8.5 months. Root apices of canine teeth closed earlier in female cats than in male cats with mandibular canine tooth root apices closing significantly earlier than maxillary canine tooth roots in both sexes. These findings suggest that there are notable differences in age of apical closure between male and female cats and discernible trends in timing of apical closure among teeth in the dental arcade.

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is utilized as an adjunctive treatment for human and veterinary patients with compromised tissues. Medical records from two veterinary hospitals with HBOT chambers were searched for small animal veterinary dentistry and oral surgery specialty patients. The HBOT records were combined with the medical records from the referring specialty veterinary dentistry and oral surgery services. Clinical indications for HBOT treatments associated with a positive outcome in this case series included resistant bacterial infections, electrical cord injury, bite wound injuries, osteomyelitis, crush/traumatic injuries including mandibular fractures, oral surgery performed at previously irradiated sites, and osteonecrosis, presumably radiation induced. Conditions within this case series that remained unchanged or were associated with partial improvement included preoperative treatment of stomatitis without steroid usage and delayed HBOT treatment for long-term endodontic health of laterally luxated immature permanent mandibular incisors. Eighty-eight percent of the HBOT sessions were tolerated well by the patients in this case series. The most common adverse event was mild anxiety. One patient required oral anxiolytic medications to complete the course of treatment. One patient experienced transient seizure activity and was able to complete that session as well as subsequent sessions at a lower chamber pressure. Future prospective studies are necessary to further evaluate and characterize the potential benefits of HBOT as well as to clarify optimal treatment protocols for specific conditions in veterinary dentistry and oral surgery.

Dental-skeletal-retinal-anomaly (DSRA) is a newly described collagenopathy in Cane Corso dogs. The causative mutation has been linked with splice defects within the melanoma inhibitory activity member 3 (MIA/3) gene that codes for the TANGO1 protein. This case series presents the first dental-related radiographic and histopathological abnormalities in two dogs with genetically confirmed DSRA. The clinical, radiological, and histological features are similar to those reported for MIA3/TANGO1 splice defects previously reported in humans and knockout mice. Common clinical features of these patients include generalized opalescent discoloration of the permanent dentition (intrinsic dyschromia), enamel defects, fractured teeth, vision loss, shortened physical stature, and orthopedic abnormalities that resulted in chronic, early-onset lameness. Intraoral radiography revealed delayed dentin deposition, evidence of endodontic disease, and dental hard tissue loss in both cases. Histopathologic findings for both cases were consistent with dentinogenesis imperfecta (DGI). DSRA exhibits autosomal recessive heritability and commercial diagnostic tests are now available. Clinicians should be aware of the etiopathogenesis, genetic inheritance and associated comorbidities in order to treat and counsel clients on the management of this condition. It is recommended that all breeding individuals be tested, and carriers be sterilized or omitted from the breeding population. This case study describes intraoral diagnoses, treatments, and follow-up of two DSRA-positive dogs.

Dentinogenesis imperfecta is a rare, autosomal dominant, hereditary disorder that occurs in humans and animals. In humans, known causative genetic mutations have been elucidated; however, veterinary literature on the topic is limited. This case report describes a 1-year-old female Labrador Retriever who presented for evaluation of generalized discoloration of the permanent dentition with historical discoloration of the deciduous dentition. Radiographic and histopathological findings will be discussed, as well as an in-depth review of the current human and veterinary literature pertaining to the pathogenesis and treatment options for dentinogenesis imperfecta.

The shortfin mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus) is a large pelagic predator that inhabits coastal and ocean waters. It has several teeth arranged in rows that run from the rostral to the lingual face. These teeth are in several stages of maturation, where the teeth closest to the rostral face are more mature and functional and the teeth closest to the lingual face are still in development. The tooth supply of the shark is unlimited throughout its life. The mechanism of tooth replacement follows that, when the front teeth are discarded physiologically, the posterior teeth replace it. This study us used a head and dental arch of I. oxyrinchus. Intraoral radiographs were obtained with the aim to show details of the pulp cavity. The study concluded that the pulp diameter varies according to the stage of dental maturation.