Journal of Veterinary Dentistry最新文献

Outside of Iceland, the Icelandic horse is prone to the development of Equine Odontoclastic Tooth Resorption and Hypercementosis (EOTRH). The aim of this study was to determine the radiographic prevalence and clinical signs of EOTRH in elderly horses (≥15 years) in Iceland. The rostral oral cavity of 170 horses (aged 15-30 years) was examined clinically. In addition, husbandry and nutritional management history was recorded by use of a questionnaire. Radiographs (2-4 views) of 188 horses were evaluated, findings were categorized by numerical staging of the condition and collated with clinical and anamnestic findings. 45.7% of the horses showed no radiographic changes. 26.6% of the horses were suspicious for EOTRH. In 26.6% of horses mild radiographic stages of EOTRH were seen, while in 1.1% of horses the signs were classified as moderate. Severe manifestation was not present in this sample of horses. Radiographic findings were strongly age-dependent (P < .001). No horse showed EOTRH-associated clinical signs of fistulae, bulbous enlargement of the roots or tooth mobility. The radiographic findings were likely caused by age-related processes. In Iceland, 82.4% of the examined horses spent 9-12 months of the year grazing on pasture. Radiographic, clinical and anamnestic findings were compared with selected findings in a population of Icelandic horses in Germany. Horses in Iceland had 7.8 times less risk of developing EOTRH compared to Icelandic horses in Germany. The remarkably low prevalence of clinical and radiographic EOTRH-like changes in horses in Iceland is likely to be related to their natural living environment.

Dental home care of pets plays a critical role in preventing periodontal disease. Active methods of dental home care such as tooth brushing are recommended along with oral hygiene measures that can help reduce dental plaque. The study evaluated the effectiveness of a new topical oral gel (TOG) in controlling plaque accumulation in dogs. After scaling and polishing, 32 dogs were randomly assigned to either a control group with no further oral hygiene care or the TOG group that received an application of the oral gel once a day for 30 days. All dogs were fed the same diet during the trial. Five parameters were evaluated in 9 target teeth on days 0 and 30: periodontal disease index (PDI), calculus index (CI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), plaque index, and oral health index (OHI). On day 30, comparison between the groups showed no differences for PDI and CI. However, OHI, PDI, and GBI were significantly lower in the TOG group (P < .05). Furthermore, OHI and GBI decreased over time in the TOG group (P < .05) and not in the control group. These results show that once-daily oral applications of TOG, without mechanical action, reduced the accumulation of dental plaque in dogs.

Mouth specula with incisor bite plates shift the pressure from all teeth exclusively to the incisors in the opening phase which leads to increased forces on dental, osseous, and soft tissue structures of the horse's head. The potentially pathological character of these forces is described clinically by single reports of maxilla and mandible fractures occurring during the use of opened mouth specula. This study describes these forces on incisor teeth in horses during odontoplasty of cheek teeth under sedation. Measurements were documented using a modified "Günther" mouth speculum fitted with a force transducer along the force axis. Forces were recorded for different incisor separation distances and for dental rasping at a defined incisor separation distance. The results showed a significant difference in the median loads on the incisors at 82 mm (198.88 N), 92 mm (214.18 N), and 102 mm (293.95 N) incisor separation distance, and between active treatment with a mechanical bur (173.28 N) and no active mechanical bur (237.81 N) with maximum peaks up to 3783.60 N. Increasing bodyweight and mandible length showed a correlation with increasing forces, whereas age, gender and regularity of dental treatments did not suggest any influence on force development.

Good oral health is important for general well-being and longevity. Two-hundred and ninety-five koalas from free-range and captive colonies were examined to determine their oral health status. Two hundred koalas were classified as free-range, whilst 95 were captive from three separate zoological parks. Observations were made using the Koala Oral Health Chart which results in three major indices: the General Oral Cavity Index (GOCI), Oral Health Index (OHI), and Final OHI (FOHI), which describe the current oral health of the population. Eighty-six percent of the koalas had one oral health problem, with 42% of these koalas classified as old aged. The FOHI average from the whole population was 3.76 (SD 3.19, SE 0.20, median 3.00, range 0.14-15.98) with a high variance in individual indices scores. The frequencies of FOHI scoring also showed significant differences between tooth wear classes (TWC) (P = .000), with a sharp increase by TWC 3. This also occurred with the GOCI. The GOCI physical abnormalities were recorded in 141 koalas, with a median of three conditions per koala. Oral Health Index scores were recorded for 219 koalas with the highest of 8.40 in a TWC 7 female. Zoo 3 had significantly healthier oral cavities when the highest FOHI levels of each group was assessed (Zoo 1, 11.42; Zoo 2, 13.40; Zoo 3, 4.13; free-range, 15.98). The FOHI severity levels between free-range and captive koalas based on sex and TWC showed significant variation (sex, P = .000; TWC, P = .000). This study provides index values that can be used for comparison with other koalas or other species in the future.

The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution and prevalence of dental diseases in dogs from Türkiye and compare their relationships with various factors. The study focused on the impact of age, gender, feeding method, and breed groups on the presence of dental diseases. Results revealed that dental diseases were prevalent among dogs, with variations observed across different factors. Age group analysis indicated that age had a significant influence on the presence of dental diseases, with lower rates observed in the 0 to 9 months and 10 to 18 months age groups. Analysis of feeding methods showed that home-cooked and mixed feeding was associated with a higher prevalence of dental diseases, while dry food feeding demonstrated lower rates. Gender analysis revealed an association between gender and dental diseases, particularly in the incisor and premolar teeth. However, no statistical significance was found in the molar teeth. Analysis of breeds demonstrated variations in the prevalence of dental diseases, with small breeds showing higher rates. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the distribution and factors associated with dental diseases in dogs from Türkiye. The findings highlight the importance of age, feeding method, gender, and breed group as potential risk factors for dental diseases. The results can guide veterinarians and dog owners in implementing effective preventive measures and treatment strategies to maintain optimal dental health in dogs. Further research is warranted to explore additional factors and interventions for improving dental care in canine populations.

This case series describes the use of cortical allografts, cancellous allografts with and without recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor-BB, and titanium locking plates for repair of critical-sized defects in 4 mandibles from 3 canine patients. Two mandibles were repaired after oncologic surgery and 2 mandibles were reconstructed due to chronic nonunion fractures. Various techniques were utilized for maintenance of the occlusion intraoperatively. All patients that received postoperative imaging showed evidence of integration of the allograft with the host bone, demonstrating the validity of this technique as a method of repair for mandibular critical-sized defects in dogs.

Oral melanoma is the most common maxillofacial malignancy in dogs. A unique characteristic of melanoma is its ability to mimic other oral tumors, which makes it one of the most challenging oral tumors to diagnose, especially since 30% to 40% of cases are amelanotic. This article presents 2 case reports of dogs with amelanotic oral melanoma that were both diagnostically challenging. Case 1 is a sparsely pigmented, spindle cell oral melanoma that was initially diagnosed as benign fibrous hyperplasia and subsequently suspected to be fibrosarcoma. Case 2 is an amelanotic oral melanoma that was originally diagnosed as an extramedullary plasmacytoma. This report highlights features of each of the cases while also discussing strategies to optimize the diagnosis of oral melanoma in dogs. A literature review summarizes the diagnostic evaluation of oral melanoma and how it pertains to prognostication.