Journal of Veterinary Dentistry最新文献

Blood glucose (BG) monitoring is an essential component of perioperative patient management under general anesthesia. This study demonstrates that BG levels obtained from oral surgical extraction sites are statistically comparable to samples obtained from the venous and ear pinna sites. Utilizing the oral surgical extraction site for BG measurement offers a practical alternative, thereby reducing the need for frequent venipuncture or ear pinna capillary puncture. In this study, 51 patients (38 canines and 13 felines) had BG measurements obtained from their oral surgical extraction sites, peripheral venous sites and ear pinnae resulting in 153 total samples. The analysis revealed there was no statistically significant difference in BG measurements between sampling sites. This study showed that oral surgical extraction sites provide a viable and accessible alternative for BG monitoring in feline and canine patients.

In equine husbandry, oral cavity procedures are commonly performed and may be associated with complications, including extraoral diseases, potentially resulting from bacterial contamination and inadequate antisepsis. Bacterial resistance to antimicrobials is a major issue for healthcare professionals, including veterinarians that may misuse these pharmaceuticals. Therefore, developing novel methods for antisepsis is desirable. This study aims to test the effectiveness of a 100 µg/ml ozonized injectable water solution versus 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash. Fifty adult equines had swab samples collected from their oral cavities, to make cultures and isolate the main microorganisms present. Half of the animals then had their mouths washed with 0.12% chlorhexidine and the other half were treated with the 100 µg/ml ozonized solution mouthwash. Following these treatments, another swab sample was obtained from each animal, and the culture repeated. The number of colony-forming units (CFUs) and the number of times a microbe genus was present were counted. The genera isolated were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Escherichia, Streptococcus, and Pseudomonas, as well as yeast cells. The first 3 were the most prevalent, present in over 70% of the animals. The authors concluded that in healthy horses, a single mouth rinse with a 100 µg/ml ozonized solution was less effective than 0.12% chlorhexidine for reducing CFU count and presence. This study confirmed the known efficacy of chlorhexidine and its superiority to ozonized water. It also highlighted the importance of performing procedures antiseptically.

Apical periodontitis (AP) is commonly encountered in dogs. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has emerged as the preferred imaging modality for identification and monitoring of AP in the human endodontic community. This study compared intraoral radiographs (IOR) and CBCT for identifying periapical lucency (PAL) (as a proxy for AP) of the maxillary fourth premolar teeth in dogs. All dogs had IOR and CBCT performed under general anesthesia. Imaging was evaluated retrospectively and compared. PAL was identified more frequently with CBCT, and results were statistically significant. No other statistically significant relationships were identified. This study shows that CBCT is superior to IOR in identification of PAL of the maxillary fourth premolar teeth in dogs.

Dental masses such as odontogenic masses, heterotopic polydontia, or ectopic supernumerary teeth have been documented in the equine head. This is the first case report of a large maxillary sinus mass with 3 ectopic teeth in an adult horse. A 14-year-old warmblood gelding was presented for evaluation of chronic right-sided nasal discharge. After imaging exploration, surgery was performed on the standing horse with a conchofrontal sinus trephination and a large maxillary bone (MB) sinusotomy. The examinations revealed a sinusal mass in the right maxillary sinus covered by sinusal mucosa and surrounding the infraorbital canal. The mass contained 3 ectopic tooth structures. The dental table was complete and normal. Both approaches (right frontal trephination and right maxillary sinusotomy) showed adhesion between the dental structures, the infraorbital canal and the MB. The 2 simultaneous approaches allowed extraction with preservation of all sinus and nerve structures. The loss of integrity of the MB and the attachment of the masses to the infraorbital canal suggests that there could have been damage to the infraorbital canal either prior to or during surgery, with risk of development of neurological symptoms. The complete extraction of these structures in the standing horse has not been previously described, and the use of the 2 approaches allowed good visualization and preservation of the integrity of the sinus structures while allowing complete removal of the mass.

This prospective, randomized, and blinded clinical trial aimed to compare opioid-free anesthesia (OFA) and opioid-sparing anesthesia (OSA) protocols for perioperative analgesia and hemodynamic stability in 60 healthy dogs undergoing dental procedures, including extractions and endodontic treatments. All dogs received intramuscular medetomidine (10 µg/kg) as premedication, followed by intraoperative constant rate infusions according to group assignment: OFA1 (ketamine 0.6 mg/kg/hr), OFA2 (ketamine 0.6 mg/kg/hr and lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg/hr), or OSA (ketamine 0.6 mg/kg/hr and hydromorphone 0.05 mg/kg intravenous bolus). Regional nerve blocks using bupivacaine (0.25 mg/kg per site) were administered in all groups. Subcutaneous meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg) was also administered at the end of surgery. Both OFA1 and OFA2 protocols provided effective nociceptive control, with hemodynamic variables remaining within 20% of pre-stimulation values. The incidence of intraoperative rescue analgesia did not differ significantly among groups (p = .35). However, significant overall group differences were observed in mean heart rate (p < .001) and arterial blood pressures (p < .001), with the OSA group demonstrating the lowest values. Postoperative pain scores were not significantly different among groups. Overall, OFA protocols provided effective analgesia and nociceptive control, supporting the clinical feasibility of OFA in dental procedures while highlighting the value of opioids for autonomic modulation.

Injured birds pose a challenge in veterinary medicine, requiring innovative approaches for restoration of function and enhancing the quality of life. This case report describes the successful reconstruction of the mandibular beak of an Amazona aestiva parrot (Psittacidae) after a traumatic injury. The injury caused a fracture in the mandibular beak, resulting in significant limitation of function. Computed tomography imaging was used for surgical planning, allowing visualization of the remaining mandibular beak on the parrot's rhamphotheca and determination of the appropriate dimensions of the implanted plate. Plates were surgically applied to reconstruct the mandibular beak structure. The surgery followed an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery protocol, which resulted in enhanced mandibular beak function and total adjustment to the plates. Six months posttreatment, the beak components had fused, and the plates had detached. At the 1- and 2.5-year follow-up, veterinarian assessment noted no concerns with chewing or ingesting food. This study highlights the effectiveness of employing surgical techniques derived from dental expertise and utilizing biomaterials, such as human maxillofacial plates, to successfully reconstruct complex structures in birds.

Hyaluronic acid (HA) has been extensively studied and utilized in human and veterinary medicine due to its versatile biological functions, including tissue hydration, anti-inflammatory effects, wound healing, regenerative effects, biocompatibility, biodegradability and antimicrobial properties. Historically, HA was first isolated in 1934 and has since been reviewed and applied across species in numerous clinical and nonclinical settings. In animal studies, canine models have demonstrated the efficacy of HA as an adjunct to periodontal interventions, particularly in improving bone and soft tissue regeneration in controlled experimental settings. Similarly, human studies have shown statistically significant improvements in periodontal outcomes such as probing depth, clinical attachment levels, and decreased periodontal inflammation when HA is used as an adjunct to scaling and root planing or surgical procedures. This review summarizes the current evidence on HA's structure, biological function, and applications in periodontal disease, with a focus on its potential to address unmet needs in veterinary dentistry. Given its demonstrated benign safety profile and proven efficacy in humans, HA holds promise as a valuable therapeutic option for managing periodontal disease in companion animals.

Pufferfish, known for their unique dental structures and body features, can face complications such as overgrown teeth, leading to difficulties in feeding and potential health issues. This study aims to report the diagnosis, treatment plan, and outcomes of a dental intervention addressing a case of overgrown teeth in a black-spotted pufferfish (Arothron nigropunctatus) housed in an aquarium in the southeastern region of Brazil. The article discusses the challenges encountered during the treatment process and provides insights into the importance of proactive dental care in aquatic species. The successful resolution of the case highlights the significance of tailored dental interventions in ensuring the well-being of aquatic species, like the pufferfish. Furthermore, this study documents the first dental treatment performed on a pufferfish specimen in Brazil.