Journal of Veterinary Dentistry最新文献

Periodontitis is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases in humans and animals. It is a multifactorial disease resulting in attachment loss and tooth loss. Therefore, preventive dentistry, such as daily teeth cleaning or providing dental chews from puppyhood is essential. This study aimed to find an alternative option for preventive dentistry by examining both in vitro and clinically, the antibacterial, antihalitosis, and anti-inflammatory effects of folic acid (FA) in dogs with periodontal disease. The antibacterial and antihalitosis responses of FA were evaluated in vitro using Porphyromonas gulae, a bacterium that plays a significant role in the development of periodontal disease in dogs. Anti-inflammatory responses, such as secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 induced by P. gulae infection in human gingival epithelium have been studied. This study used dogs with P. gulae-associated periodontal diseases and was conducted by providing a dental chew containing 0.13% FA for 28 days. The viability and halitosis production (hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan) of P. gulae was significantly inhibited by FA in a dose and time-dependent manner. IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 secretion were also significantly suppressed by FA treatment in a dose-dependent manner. In vitro bactericidal, antihalitosis, and anti-inflammatory effects of FA were confirmed in dogs with P. gulae-associated periodontal disease. One month of oral treatment with 0.13% FA-containing dental chews significantly reduced halitosis as well as P. gulae activity. This study suggests that oral treatment with FA can be a preventive option for periodontal disease in dogs as well as humans.

Artificial teeth in dental training have become a valuable tool for students to gain hands-on experience in a safe and controlled environment. This training method allows students to practice various dental procedures and develop their skills without putting patients at risk. Artificial teeth can be used to simulate dental conditions, allowing students to gain experience in dealing with various situations and techniques. Although previous studies in human dentistry have demonstrated the feasibility of using 3D-printed teeth for teaching endodontic procedures such as root canal therapy, similar research has yet to be conducted in the veterinary field. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of creating 3D-printed teeth from an adult dog skull and validate their use as an alternative training tool for root canal therapy in this species. For this, cone beam computed tomography images from a medium-sized dog skull were used to replicate its teeth using a digital 3D printing system. Then, artificial mandibular first molar teeth and a 24-question survey were sent to specialized veterinary dentistry practitioners in Brazil to assess their perception of the model's characteristics during endodontic treatment. In conclusion, it was feasible to create 3D-printed models of dog teeth with high accuracy for the endodontic system. Despite the differences in the properties of the two materials between natural and artificial teeth, it was possible to use the artificial tooth as a training device for conventional endodontic treatment in dogs. The reliability level for the survey was reported as good, displaying a reliability coefficient above 0.86.

This study evaluated observer variations in the interpretation of radiographic evidence for periodontal disease, tooth resorption, and endodontic disease in dogs. Forty dental radiographs were evaluated for 12 different parameters (periapical destruction of bone, wider than expected root canal, narrower than expected root canal, apical root resorption, loss of alveolar bone, external surface resorption, external replacement resorption, external inflammatory resorption, external cervical root resorption, internal surface resorption, internal replacement resorption, internal inflammatory resorption). Interpretations by 20 veterinary dentists, 10 veterinary dental residents, and 10 veterinary students were analyzed for consistency within groups and between groups by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs [95% CI]). Additionally, the agreement rate between groups compared to histopathological diagnosis, when available, and to a consensus group were evaluated. The results showed fair to good interobserver agreement for all participants when looking at all questions simultaneously (0.578 [0.515-0.635]) and with the consensus group (0.483 [0.451-0.517]). However, questions pertaining to various types of tooth resorption scored the lowest ICCs ranging from 0.005 (-0.311 to 0.321) to 0.189 (-0.105 to 0.402) across individual groups. Students had the lowest agreement compared to the consensus group for all questions (0.383 [0.347-0.421]) with fair to good agreement involving groups of residents (0.501 [0.465-0.538]), recently boarded diplomates (0.541 [0.506-0.578]), and more experienced diplomates (0.545 [0.510-0.582]). While dental radiographs are essential for clinical decision making, this study shows that interpretation of radiographs is highly subjective.

A 7-month-old, male, Weimaraner dog was presented for maxillary swelling. Clinical evaluation including radiographs and computed tomography revealed a large cystic lesion, unerupted right maxillary canine tooth, and mass presumed to be a compound odontoma. The cyst and mass were expansile and occupied a large portion of the nasal cavity displacing anatomical structures of the maxilla. The mass was excised via curettage through an intraoral surgical approach and the unerupted tooth and cystic lining were removed. Histopathology supported dentigerous cyst and compound odontoma. This case confirms the first report of concurrent development of dentigerous cyst and compound odontoma in a dog with successful treatment and 18-month follow-up with no recurrence.

This study aimed to assess if transient bacteremia developed from dental scaling, root planing (SRP) and dental extraction(s), if the bacteria originated from oral flora, and if the amount of bacteremia produced would warrant the use of pre-, intra-, or post-operative antibiotic therapy in healthy canine patients. Blood cultures were obtained from 13 healthy dogs with chronic periodontal disease that necessitated the extraction of one tooth or multiple teeth. Patients included did not receive any antibiotic therapy for a minimum of 2 weeks prior to their scheduled procedure and did not receive antibiotic therapy intra- or post-operatively. Blood collection occurred at specific time increments to determine the presence of bacteremia and if clearance of the bacteremia occurred post-procedure. The study found transient bacteremia developed at different time increments throughout the dental procedure. At the time of the final sample collection, no bacterial growth was evident in any of the blood cultures. Results of the blood cultures indicated that only four of 13 dogs had evidence of bacterial growth at any one of the time increments; however, by the final collection, there was no bacterial growth suggesting the transient bacteremia had cleared without the use of systemic antimicrobial therapy. The study findings indicate that systemic antibiotic usage is not warranted for severe periodontal disease where an episode of transient bacteremia is produced from SRP and dental extractions in an otherwise healthy patient.

The aim of this study was to provide insight into the role of camel's saliva in protecting enamel against erosion and to evaluate the levels of salivary sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphate ions among 2 groups of camels, those with low-grade tooth surface loss and those with high-grade tooth surface loss. Twenty-eight healthy camels, 5 males and 23 females, aged 20 months to 10 years, were divided into 2 groups. Group I comprise camels with "low-grade tooth surface loss" and Group 2 with "high-grade tooth surface loss." Unstimulated saliva was collected by a draining method. The samples were then analyzed for sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphate concentrations using automated chemistry analysis. Data were then statistically analyzed using the unpaired Student's t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient test. The study found the salivary calcium and phosphate concentrations were significantly lower in the "high-grade" erosion group, in comparison with the other group (P < .0001 and P  =  .0257, respectively). The results also revealed that the more extensive the tooth surface loss, the more carious lesions the subject had (P  =  .023), and that caries are more common in the anterior teeth, particularly the incisors. The authors conclude that alterations in inorganic elements of saliva, particularly the calcium and phosphate ions, play a major role in the development of resistance to tooth surface loss. This work may represent a direction for future research to develop custom-made preventive supplements, which can protect camelid teeth against tooth surface loss.

Intact extraction of the mandibular first molar tooth is an interesting model for studies of alveolar bone healing. The aim of this study was to describe a new experimental technique for extraction of rat mandibular first molar teeth with crown and all 4 roots intact using controlled forces applied to the teeth. One hundred and twenty female Sprague-Dawley rats were used from a center for experimental animal research. Animals underwent general anesthesia and were then placed in a special dental unit (designed by Moghadam) for the extraction of rat teeth. After syndesmotomy, luxation of the tooth began with a tipping movement in the buccal direction with a very low range of motion for 1 s. A tipping movement in the lingual direction was then used to continue luxation. After a maximum of 10 repetitions, the tooth was left alone for 30 s. After 3-4 stages of this cycle, the tooth loosened. To complete the luxation, the same forces were applied in the buccal and lingual directions with larger amplitude for 3 s. After this step, the tooth was loose enough to be easily extracted. The alveolus was then sutured closed. The results showed no hemorrhage or fracture of crowns and mesial or distal roots, and only 8% of the buccal and lingual roots fractured. The technique designed and used in this study was shown to be an effective model for complete molar tooth extraction in the rat. This technique could also be used in the treatment of other rodents.