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Factors for the Successful Work of Employees of Organizations During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Data of an International Study COVID-19大流行期间组织员工成功工作的因素:一项国际研究的数据
Pub Date : 2021-03-30 DOI: 10.17922/2071-5323-2021-20-1-64-73
L. E. Zotova, A. V. Gubanov, Natalia V. Sidyacheva
The purpose of the study was to describe the cultural and national specifics of the work of employees of organizations in Russia and Western Europe during the COVID-19 pandemic. Employee performance is viewed through the key concept of “Organizational Citizenship Behavior” (OCB). Respondents from various countries (total number – 619 people) were offered a questionnaire of 95 questions, which were reduced to 13 variables. The variables reflected the personal qualities, sociodemographic characteristics of employees, as well as the characteristics of their professional activities. No differences in the level of formation of OCB among employees of Russian and Western European organizations were found. A group of factors influencing OCB has been identified. The same factors for all countries are: “interaction with the leadership”, “resilience” and “satisfaction from remote work”. Two more factors influence the OCB of Russian employees: “work experience” and “satisfaction with the area of residence”. The research carried out seems to be relevant due to the novelty and scale of changes introduced by the pandemic to the work of employees.
该研究的目的是描述在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间俄罗斯和西欧组织员工工作的文化和国家特征。员工绩效是通过“组织公民行为”(OCB)这一关键概念来看待的。来自不同国家的受访者(总数- 619人)提供了95个问题的问卷,减少到13个变量。这些变量反映了员工的个人素质、社会人口特征以及他们的专业活动特征。俄罗斯和西欧组织的员工在组织公民行为的形成水平上没有差异。已经确定了一组影响组织公民行为的因素。所有国家的相同因素是:“与领导的互动”、“弹性”和“远程工作满意度”。还有两个因素影响俄罗斯雇员的公民组织行为:“工作经验”和“对居住地区的满意度”。由于大流行给员工的工作带来的变化的新颖性和规模,所进行的研究似乎是相关的。
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引用次数: 0
Psychology of People with Autism Through the Prism of Their Autobiographies 从自闭症患者自传的角度看他们的心理
Pub Date : 2021-03-30 DOI: 10.17922/2071-5323-2021-20-1-56-63
Anna S. Dryupina, V. Feofanov
The article analyzes and compares eight autobiographical literary works written by people with autism. The following criteria were selected for comparison: gender of the author; age period; diagnosis, and at what age it was made; marital status; availability of therapy and tutor; attitude to the defect; education; relationships with peers and teachers; relationships with parents and siblings; attitude to the educational process; profession; having children and a husband / wife. In the course of writing the work, it was concluded that people with autism perceive the world in a different way: they analyze incoming information using visual images, react painfully to external stimuli (light, noise, voice sound, tactile sensations), have intense, even obsessive, interests in different areas and experience social difficulties, for example, the inability to verbally contact people due to speech difficulties or the inability to understand their emotions and the emotions of another person. Such first-person books are mainly addressed to specialists (psychologists, teachers, etc.) who encounter autism manifestations in their work, students of psychological and pedagogical training areas, as well as parents raising children with autism. They are also vital for people with autism seeking to find themselves and their place in the world.
本文分析比较了八部自闭症患者的自传体文学作品。选择以下标准进行比较:作者性别;年龄阶段;诊断,以及在什么年龄做出的诊断;婚姻状况;是否有治疗和导师;对缺陷的态度;教育;与同学和老师的关系;与父母和兄弟姐妹的关系;对教育过程的态度;职业;有孩子,有丈夫/妻子。在写作过程中,我们得出结论,自闭症患者以一种不同的方式感知世界:他们使用视觉图像来分析传入的信息,对外部刺激(光、噪音、声音、触觉)做出痛苦的反应,对不同领域有强烈的、甚至是强迫性的兴趣,并经历社交困难,例如,由于语言困难而无法与人进行口头交流,或者无法理解自己和他人的情绪。这类第一人称书籍主要面向在工作中遇到自闭症表现的专家(心理学家、教师等)、心理和教学培训领域的学生以及养育自闭症儿童的父母。它们对自闭症患者寻找自我和自己在世界上的位置也至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Dynamics of Interpersonal Communication Between Spouses with a Long Marriage Experience in the Period of Self-Isolation 自我孤立时期长期婚姻经历的配偶间人际交往动态
Pub Date : 2021-03-30 DOI: 10.17922/2071-5323-2021-20-1-16-26
N. Tsvetkova, K. Lagvilava
The article presents the results of testing the hypothesis about changes in the nature of interpersonal communication between spouses in conditions of self-isolation, determined by the dynamics of destructive communicative attitudes and behavior style in conflict situations. 30 married couples with 15 years of family life experience were examined. Data obtained at the very beginning of restrictions and after a three-month period of self-isolation were compared. It is noted that the interpersonal communication of the spouses over the past three months has become more intense, tense, aggressive and conflicted. The spouses managed to intensify and maintain the usual system of implementing destructive attitudes in interpersonal communication, as well as the stylistic features of behavior in conflict situations, but they did not manage to prefer cooperation to compromise: compromise was and remains the dominant strategy of behavior of each of the spouses in the conflict. It is shown that during the three-month period of self-isolation, wives became somewhat detached from reality, while their husbands became significantly more realistic, but also significantly more openly violent. Attention is drawn to the need for further scientific research of this problem, as well as improving the practice of psychological support for families in situations of this type.
本文介绍了对自我孤立条件下配偶之间人际沟通性质变化的假设的测试结果,这是由冲突情况下破坏性沟通态度和行为风格的动态决定的。研究人员调查了30对有15年家庭生活经验的已婚夫妇。对限制开始时和自我隔离三个月后获得的数据进行了比较。值得注意的是,在过去的三个月里,夫妻之间的人际交往变得更加激烈、紧张、好斗和冲突。夫妻双方设法加强和维持了在人际交往中实施破坏性态度的通常系统,以及冲突情况下行为的风格特征,但他们没有设法更喜欢合作而不是妥协:妥协是并且仍然是冲突中夫妻双方的主要行为策略。研究表明,在三个月的自我隔离期间,妻子们在某种程度上脱离了现实,而她们的丈夫则明显变得更加现实,但也明显更加公开暴力。委员会提请注意,需要对这一问题进行进一步的科学研究,并改进对处于这类情况的家庭的心理支持的做法。
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引用次数: 1
Genre Specifics of the Musical and Its Reflection in Stage Practice (Experience in Staging the Performance by College Students) 音乐剧的体裁特点及其在舞台实践中的反映(大学生演出经验)
Pub Date : 2021-03-30 DOI: 10.17922/2071-5323-2021-20-1-164-171
M. Pereverzeva
Pop faculties and departments of universities and colleges became the main suppliers of musical actors, interest in which arose in Russia in the 90s of the XX century. The methodological support for the preparation of musical artists has not yet been sufficiently covered due to the youth of this genre and the specifics not fully studied. The popularity of the musical in our country gradually leads to an increase in the number of specialized educational institutions and relevant faculties in existing theater and music colleges and universities, which, of course, should increase the overall level of stage productions in this genre and bring the Russian musical to new creative heights. Annotation. Pop faculties and departments of universities and colleges became the main suppliers of musical actors, interest in which arose in Russia in the 90s of the XX century. The methodological support for the preparation of musical artists has not yet been sufficiently covered due to the youth of this genre and the specifics not fully studied. The popularity of the musical in our country gradually leads to an increase in the number of specialized educational institutions and relevant faculties in existing theater and music colleges and universities, which, of course, should increase the overall level of stage productions in this genre and bring the Russian musical to new creative heights. As far as graduates of the College of Music and Theater master the skills of stage skills and singing in the process of training, the practice of their participation in theatrical productions as musical theater actors shows. In this case, the participation of college graduates in the most famous musical in Russia “Notre-Dame de Paris” is considered.
大学和学院的流行学院和部门成为音乐演员的主要供应者,在20世纪90年代,俄罗斯对音乐演员的兴趣开始上升。由于这一流派还很年轻,对音乐艺术家培养的方法支持还没有得到充分的研究,具体问题也没有得到充分的研究。音乐剧在我国的流行逐渐导致现有戏剧和音乐院校的专业教育机构和相关师资的增加,这当然应该提高这一类型舞台制作的整体水平,使俄罗斯音乐剧达到新的创作高度。注释。大学和学院的流行学院和部门成为音乐演员的主要供应者,在20世纪90年代,俄罗斯对音乐演员的兴趣开始上升。由于这一流派还很年轻,对音乐艺术家培养的方法支持还没有得到充分的研究,具体问题也没有得到充分的研究。音乐剧在我国的流行逐渐导致现有戏剧和音乐院校的专业教育机构和相关师资的增加,这当然应该提高这一类型舞台制作的整体水平,使俄罗斯音乐剧达到新的创作高度。音乐戏剧学院的毕业生在训练过程中掌握了舞台技巧和演唱技巧,他们作为音乐剧演员参与戏剧制作的实践表现出来。在这种情况下,大学毕业生参与俄罗斯最著名的音乐剧“巴黎圣母院”被考虑。
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引用次数: 0
Substantiation of the Model of Empirical Research of Socio-Psychological Features of Psychological Security of the Individual in Cross-Cultural Interaction 跨文化交往中个体心理安全的社会心理特征实证研究模型的实证化
Pub Date : 2021-03-30 DOI: 10.17922/2071-5323-2021-20-1-74-84
N. Tsvetkova, E. V. Egamberdieva
The article presents a theoretical analysis of scientific developments of the problem of psychological security of the individual, carried out by modern domestic scientists. In particular, the review of scientific articles and monographs, as well as candidate and doctoral theses defended in the XXI century in the psychological sciences is given. The article reflects the results of the analysis of the materials of international and all-Russian scientific and practical conferences over the past ten years, which discussed the problem of psychological security of the individual in various spheres of human life. The main approaches to the study of this phenomenon are highlighted and the directions of its further research are shown. Among the promising areas of research of psychological security of the individual, intercultural interaction is highlighted and the relevance of studying its socio-psychological features is justified. The model of an empirical study of the socio-psychological features of the psychological security of the individual in intercultural interaction is proposed.
本文对现代国内科学家对个体心理安全问题的科学发展进行了理论分析。特别是,科学文章和专著的审查,以及候选人和博士论文答辩在21世纪的心理科学。这篇文章反映了对过去十年来国际和全俄科学和实践会议材料的分析结果,这些会议讨论了人类生活各个领域中的个人心理安全问题。重点介绍了研究这一现象的主要方法,并指出了进一步研究的方向。在个体心理安全研究的前景领域中,跨文化互动是突出的,研究其社会心理特征的相关性是合理的。提出了跨文化互动中个体心理安全的社会心理特征实证研究模型。
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引用次数: 1
Prognostic Model of Successful in Solving Professional Tasks by Students of Engineering Specialties of the Rocket and Space Industry 火箭航天工程专业学生成功解决专业任务的预测模型
Pub Date : 2021-03-30 DOI: 10.17922/2071-5323-2021-20-1-96-104
Daria V. Lastovenko
The article discusses the predictors of the success of solving problems by students of engineering specialties of the space industry. The predictive model takes into account the characteristics of the characterological, metacognitive and self-regulatory characteristics of the subject successfully solving the problem. The features of the predictors of each of these components are described, and their general model is considered. The study involved 110 students of engineering specialties of the space industry. The following methods were used for the study: “Style of self-regulation of behavior” (V.I. Morsanova),”Self-assessment of metacognitive knowledge and metacognitive activity” (Yu.V. Skvortsova, M.M. Kashapov) and FPI-B (adaptation by A.A. Krylov, T.I. Ronginskaya). Predictors of success in solving professional tasks based on the results of an empirical study were self-regulation indicators: “Flexibility”, “General level of self-regulation”, “Evaluation of results”. The characterological component is represented only by the indicator “Depressiveness”. The features of the influence of each of the components on the success of solving problems in the aggregate and the possibility of increasing the success of solving problems are discussed. The article is based on the results of a dissertation research devoted to the study of psychological factors of solving professional problems by students of engineering specialties of the rocket and space industry.
本文讨论了航天工业工程专业学生解决问题成功的预测因素。该预测模型综合考虑了被试的性格特征、元认知特征和自我调节特征,成功地解决了问题。描述了每个组件的预测器的特征,并考虑了它们的一般模型。这项研究涉及110名航天工业工程专业的学生。本研究采用了以下方法:“行为自我调节的风格”(V.I. Morsanova),“元认知知识和元认知活动的自我评估”(Yu.V.;Skvortsova, M.M. Kashapov)和FPI-B(由A.A. Krylov, T.I. Ronginskaya改编)。基于实证研究结果的预测成功的专业任务是自我调节指标:“灵活性”,“自我调节的一般水平”,“结果的评价”。特征成分仅由指标“抑郁”表示。讨论了各组成部分对总体上成功解决问题的影响特点,以及提高问题解决成功率的可能性。本文以火箭航天工程专业学生解决专业问题的心理因素为研究对象,进行了论文研究。
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引用次数: 0
The Structure Features of the Professionalization of Persons of Pre-Retirement Age 职业化的结构特点的人退休前的年龄
Pub Date : 2021-03-30 DOI: 10.17922/2071-5323-2021-20-1-36-45
Tatyana S. Votintseva
The article examines the professionalization of persons of pre-retirement age from the point of view of the peculiarities of the interrelationships of the indicators of its structural components in the motivational, adaptation, self-actualization and activity spheres. The article presents the results of an empirical study of the features of the structure of professionalization of students under advanced training and professional retraining programs at the Institute for Supplementary Education of the LEONOV Moscow Region University of Technology. The results are presented on the example of comparing the interrelationships of the indicators of the structural components of the professionalization of persons of pre-retirement age and younger specialists. The purpose of the study was to determine the features of the components of the professionalization process, which will subsequently form the basis of the model of psychological support for persons of pre-retirement age. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that on the basis of the results obtained and the program of psychological support for the professionalization of persons of pre-retirement age developed in the future, it is possible to make proposals for adjusting programs for support, training and retraining of persons of pre-retirement age, which are implemented within the framework of the state policy of the Government of the Russian Federation aimed at reducing the negative consequences associated with raising the retirement age.
本文从其结构组成部分在动机、适应、自我实现和活动领域的指标之间相互关系的特殊性的角度考察了退休前年龄人员的专业化。本文介绍了对列奥诺夫莫斯科地区工业大学补充教育研究所高级培训和专业再培训项目学生专业化结构特征的实证研究结果。结果是在比较退休前年龄的人和较年轻的专家的专业化结构组成部分的指标之间的相互关系的例子上提出的。这项研究的目的是确定职业化进程各组成部分的特点,这些特点随后将成为退休前年龄人员心理支助模式的基础。本研究的现实意义在于,根据所取得的成果,结合未来制定的退休前人员专业化心理支持方案,可以对退休前人员的支持、培训和再培训方案提出调整建议。这些措施是在俄罗斯联邦政府旨在减少提高退休年龄所带来的负面影响的国家政策框架内实施的。
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引用次数: 0
Social and Psychological Nature for the Unpopularity of Motherhood with Many Children 多子女母亲不受欢迎的社会和心理本质
Pub Date : 2021-03-30 DOI: 10.17922/2071-5323-2021-20-1-46-55
M. Basimov, E. Padurina
The article presents the results of an empirical study of the social and psychological reasons for the unpopularity of motherhood with many children. The results of a survey of 186 women of fertile age are presented. The features of the manifestation of psychological factors influencing the decision-making on motherhood with many children were revealed, in accordance with the age distribution of women in the groups “from 16 to 19 years old”, “from 20 to 24 years old”, “from 25 to 29 years old”, “from 30 to 34 years old” and “35 to 40 years old”.
本文提出了一项实证研究的结果,社会和心理原因的多子女母亲不受欢迎。本文介绍了对186名育龄妇女的调查结果。根据“16 - 19岁”、“20 - 24岁”、“25 - 29岁”、“30 - 34岁”和“35 - 40岁”年龄组妇女的年龄分布,揭示了影响多子女母亲决策的心理因素的表现特征。
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引用次数: 0
The Subjective Importance of the Target Perspectives of Retired Servicemen in Late Adulthood 退役军人成年后期目标视角的主观重要性
Pub Date : 2021-03-30 DOI: 10.17922/2071-5323-2021-20-1-27-35
N. I. Shulga, E. A. Petrova
The choice of long-range goals by the research participants is represented by a five-year time perspective, the choice of near-term goals is presented by a two-year time perspective. Within the framework of the study, the aspect of the presence of a strength of connection between two parameters was revealed by the method of studying statistical nonlinear relationships: «To master a profession and skill» (SVC in 2 years), and «Master a profession and skill» (SVC in 5 years); «Travel the world» (SVC in 2 years) and «Travel the world» (SVC in 5 years); «Become rich» (SVC in 2 years) and «Become rich» (SVC in 5 years); «Have an interesting social circle» (SVC in 2 years) and “Have an interesting social circle” (SVC in 5 years).
研究参与者对长期目标的选择用五年的时间视角来表示,对近期目标的选择用两年的时间视角来表示。在研究框架内,通过研究统计非线性关系的方法揭示了两个参数之间存在联系强度的方面:“掌握一项专业和技能”(2年SVC)和“掌握一项专业和技能”(5年SVC);《环游世界》(SVC 2年)和《环游世界》(SVC 5年);“致富”(SVC在2年内)和“致富”(SVC在5年内);“拥有一个有趣的社交圈”(SVC 2年)和“拥有一个有趣的社交圈”(SVC 5年)。
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引用次数: 0
Specifics of the Formation of Musical Culture of Modern Adolescents in the System of Additional Education 论现代青少年音乐文化在补充教育体系中的形成
Pub Date : 2021-03-30 DOI: 10.17922/2071-5323-2021-20-1-122-130
A. Efremenko, M. Gabdiyev
The study of musical culture, various aspects of it is traditionally engaged in humanities – art science, cultural studies and a number of social disciplines. The most significant science is musicology, which includes the history of music, the philosophy of music (section of aesthetics) and musical ethnology. Music culture at different levels of development is also the object of a study of music pedagogy, one of the current tasks of which today is the formation of the musical culture of modern adolescents. The specifics of this process, carried out in the system of additional education, are devoted to the article. It reveals the main conditions, factors and methods that contribute to the effective formation of the musical culture of adolescents.
音乐文化的研究,它的各个方面是传统上从事人文艺术科学、文化研究和一些社会学科的。最重要的科学是音乐学,它包括音乐史、音乐哲学(美学部分)和音乐民族学。不同发展阶段的音乐文化也是音乐教育学研究的对象,现代青少年音乐文化的形成是音乐教育学当前的任务之一。这一过程的具体情况,在系统的补充教育,是专门的文章。揭示了青少年音乐文化有效形成的主要条件、因素和方法。
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引用次数: 0
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Uchenye Zapiski RGSU
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