Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.4090/juee.2020.v14n2.236243
Francisca Nara Moreira, J. Pereira
{"title":"THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SIZE OF THE RESERVOIR’S USEFUL VOLUME FOR CONSUMPTION AND COST DECREASE IN ELECTRICITY","authors":"Francisca Nara Moreira, J. Pereira","doi":"10.4090/juee.2020.v14n2.236243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4090/juee.2020.v14n2.236243","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17594,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48006854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-15DOI: 10.4090/juee.2020.v14n2.204217
Glenn Baxter
The objective of this study was to examine Cargolux International Airlines, one of the world’s largest dedicated all-cargo airlines, carbon footprint and to identify how it has been influenced by its route network expansion and the operation of the next-generation, Boeing B747-8 freighter aircraft. The study covered the period 2005 to 2018. To achieve the objectives of the study, an in-depth qualitative longitudinal case study research approach was used. The data that was sourced for the study was examined using document analysis. The study found that Cargolux International Airlines annual carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions increased from 2,845,000 tonnes in 2005 to 4,093, 521 tonnes in 2018. The increase in the airline’s annual carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is due to a higher level of services, route network expansion, and an increase its fleet of freighter aircraft. Over the study period, Cargolux’s annual carbon dioxide emissions (CO2) per available tonne kilometre (ATK) exhibited a downward trend, decreasing from a high of 386.5 grams per available tonne kilometre (ATK) in 2006 to a low of 330.8 grams per available tonne kilometre (ATK) in 2018. A similar trend occurred with the airline’s annual carbon dioxide emissions (CO2) per freight tonne kilometre (FTK), which decreased from a high of 540 grams per freight tonne kilometre (FTK) in 2011 to a low of 330.8 grams per available freight tonne kilometre (FTK) in 2017. These trends were very favourable given the expansion in services and in enplaned air cargo tonnages throughout the study period. The case study revealed that the airline’s fleet rollover plan, in which Cargolux acquired a fleet of 14 state-of-the art Boeing B747-8 freighters, has resulted in the most substantial reductions in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The more favourable fuel efficiency of this aircraft results in lower carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions for their operators. In addition to operating a modern fuel-efficient fleet, Cargolux has implemented a very broad range of measures and initiatives that are designed to mitigate its carbon footprint from both its flight and ground operations.
{"title":"ASSESSING THE CARBON FOOTPRINT OF A DEDICATED ALL-CARGO AIRLINE: THE CASE OF CARGOLUX INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES","authors":"Glenn Baxter","doi":"10.4090/juee.2020.v14n2.204217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4090/juee.2020.v14n2.204217","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to examine Cargolux International Airlines, one of the world’s largest dedicated all-cargo airlines, carbon footprint and to identify how it has been influenced by its route network expansion and the operation of the next-generation, Boeing B747-8 freighter aircraft. The study covered the period 2005 to 2018. To achieve the objectives of the study, an in-depth qualitative longitudinal case study research approach was used. The data that was sourced for the study was examined using document analysis. The study found that Cargolux International Airlines annual carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions increased from 2,845,000 tonnes in 2005 to 4,093, 521 tonnes in 2018. The increase in the airline’s annual carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is due to a higher level of services, route network expansion, and an increase its fleet of freighter aircraft. Over the study period, Cargolux’s annual carbon dioxide emissions (CO2) per available tonne kilometre (ATK) exhibited a downward trend, decreasing from a high of 386.5 grams per available tonne kilometre (ATK) in 2006 to a low of 330.8 grams per available tonne kilometre (ATK) in 2018. A similar trend occurred with the airline’s annual carbon dioxide emissions (CO2) per freight tonne kilometre (FTK), which decreased from a high of 540 grams per freight tonne kilometre (FTK) in 2011 to a low of 330.8 grams per available freight tonne kilometre (FTK) in 2017. These trends were very favourable given the expansion in services and in enplaned air cargo tonnages throughout the study period. The case study revealed that the airline’s fleet rollover plan, in which Cargolux acquired a fleet of 14 state-of-the art Boeing B747-8 freighters, has resulted in the most substantial reductions in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The more favourable fuel efficiency of this aircraft results in lower carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions for their operators. In addition to operating a modern fuel-efficient fleet, Cargolux has implemented a very broad range of measures and initiatives that are designed to mitigate its carbon footprint from both its flight and ground operations. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":17594,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43784550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-15DOI: 10.4090/juee.2020.v14n2.175-181
J. G. T. Queluz, M. Garcia
The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of intermittent aeration on the removal of ammonium (NH4+), total nitrogen (TN) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HFCW). Two HFCWs were studied, one non-aerated and another aerated intermittently, and both cultivated with Typha latifolia. Each system received 8.6 L day-1 of synthetic wastewater, resulting in 3 days of hydraulic retention time. The two systems displayed high efficiencies in the removal of COD (>90%); however, the intermittently aerated HFCW showed a higher rate of COD removal. Additionally, the removal of TN (48.8%) and NH4+ (57.7%) in the non-aerated system was limited, while in the aerated system, the efficiencies of TN (81.2%) and NH4+ (98.6%) removal were satisfactory. Thus, the results indicate that via intermittent aeration, nitrification and denitrification occur simultaneously, improving the performance of HFCW in the removal of TN and NH4+.
{"title":"REMOVAL OF NITROGEN AND ORGANIC MATTER IN AN INTERMITTENTLY AERATED HORIZONTAL SUBSURFACE FLOW CONSTRUCTED WETLAND","authors":"J. G. T. Queluz, M. Garcia","doi":"10.4090/juee.2020.v14n2.175-181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4090/juee.2020.v14n2.175-181","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of intermittent aeration on the removal of ammonium (NH4+), total nitrogen (TN) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HFCW). Two HFCWs were studied, one non-aerated and another aerated intermittently, and both cultivated with Typha latifolia. Each system received 8.6 L day-1 of synthetic wastewater, resulting in 3 days of hydraulic retention time. The two systems displayed high efficiencies in the removal of COD (>90%); however, the intermittently aerated HFCW showed a higher rate of COD removal. Additionally, the removal of TN (48.8%) and NH4+ (57.7%) in the non-aerated system was limited, while in the aerated system, the efficiencies of TN (81.2%) and NH4+ (98.6%) removal were satisfactory. Thus, the results indicate that via intermittent aeration, nitrification and denitrification occur simultaneously, improving the performance of HFCW in the removal of TN and NH4+.","PeriodicalId":17594,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46595735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-15DOI: 10.4090/juee.2020.v14n2.236-243
Francisca Nara Da Conceição Moreira, José Almir Rodrigues Pereira
Current paper analyzes the reservoir´s useful water volume for hydropower efficiency in water supply systems. Data, retrieved from the Guanabara Water Supply System of the municipality of Ananindeua, state of Pará, Brazil, were analyzed. Two useful volume sizes were determined following recommendations by NBR 12.217/1994 “Project on the water distribution reservoir for public supply”. The former featured the time curve of water consumption and the latter the rate of maximum daily discharge. The latter stage assessed the most adequate useful water volume from the point of view of hydropower efficiency by Epanet 2.0. Dimensions with or without water consumption curve provided useful volumes of 838 m3 and 2.043 m3, respectively. In the case of the lowest volume, 47 hours/day of CMB functioning and 987 kWh/day of electric power consumption in EAT were detected. Volume increase to 2,043 m3 was positive, followed by 30 hours/day of functioning of CMB and consumption at 818 kWh/day in EAT. Hydropower costs were reduced by R$ 35,903.00/year, from R$ 143,108.00/year, with a useful volume of 838 m³, to R$ 107,205.00/year with 2,043 m³. Research revealed the importance of computerized simulation in decision-taking and the need for the updating of NBR 12.217/1994 by criteria of hydropower efficiency in the preparation of projects involving water supply reservoir systems.
{"title":"THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SIZE OF THE RESERVOIR´S USEFUL VOLUME FOR CONSUMPTION AND COST DECREASE IN ELECTRICITY","authors":"Francisca Nara Da Conceição Moreira, José Almir Rodrigues Pereira","doi":"10.4090/juee.2020.v14n2.236-243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4090/juee.2020.v14n2.236-243","url":null,"abstract":"Current paper analyzes the reservoir´s useful water volume for hydropower efficiency in water supply systems. Data, retrieved from the Guanabara Water Supply System of the municipality of Ananindeua, state of Pará, Brazil, were analyzed. Two useful volume sizes were determined following recommendations by NBR 12.217/1994 “Project on the water distribution reservoir for public supply”. The former featured the time curve of water consumption and the latter the rate of maximum daily discharge. The latter stage assessed the most adequate useful water volume from the point of view of hydropower efficiency by Epanet 2.0. Dimensions with or without water consumption curve provided useful volumes of 838 m3 and 2.043 m3, respectively. In the case of the lowest volume, 47 hours/day of CMB functioning and 987 kWh/day of electric power consumption in EAT were detected. Volume increase to 2,043 m3 was positive, followed by 30 hours/day of functioning of CMB and consumption at 818 kWh/day in EAT. Hydropower costs were reduced by R$ 35,903.00/year, from R$ 143,108.00/year, with a useful volume of 838 m³, to R$ 107,205.00/year with 2,043 m³. Research revealed the importance of computerized simulation in decision-taking and the need for the updating of NBR 12.217/1994 by criteria of hydropower efficiency in the preparation of projects involving water supply reservoir systems.","PeriodicalId":17594,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42738050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-15DOI: 10.4090/juee.2020.v14n2.192203
P. Tyagi
In India, Mumbai city is highly vulnerable to the threats posed by climate change, such as sealevel rise, storm, and floods. The vulnerability of the city was demonstrated on the 26 July 2005 when thousands of houses were submerged in the water, and assets worth billions of rupees were damaged. The flood severely impacted the residents in informal settlements known as slums, which incurred substantial financial losses. With the increasing vulnerability of coastal megacities to urban floods, there is a need for an effective risk assessment and Adaptation Planning. Hence this study aims to assess the current amd future Flood Risk faced by the H/E Ward (study area) of Mumbai. The flood risk assessment is performed using the standard catastrophe Risk modeling, which combines Hazard, exposure, and vulnerability. Various data sources such as Historical rainfall data, Elevation Data, Soil Database, Landsat Imagery, and census data were collected from multiple online sources to achieve this objective. The data processing is done using GIS, Hydrological and Hydraulic Processes. As the H/E ward lies in the Mithi River catchment area, we processed the DEM and used the SCS-Curve Number and kinematic routing method to generate the peak discharge at the River Sub basins in HEC-HMS software. The River geometry is prepared in HEC-RAS software, and Flood Hazard Maps were prepared. The current & future Risk analysis shows an increase in the inundation extent for the 100 year return period in the H/E Ward, which highlights that there would be an increase in the total affected Population and losses incurred by them. The study also highlights that the people's adaptive capacity is deficient. Most of the affected Population are poor people, employed in menial jobs, chosen to stay in the riskier site because of proximity to work. Hence this study highlights an urgent need for an effective Risk Management and Adaptation planning in the H/E ward of Mumbai.
{"title":"FLOOD RISK, COASTAL MEGACITIES, AND URBAN POOR: ASSESSING THE FUTURE URBAN FLOOD RISK IN THE H/E WARD OF MUMBAI","authors":"P. Tyagi","doi":"10.4090/juee.2020.v14n2.192203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4090/juee.2020.v14n2.192203","url":null,"abstract":"In India, Mumbai city is highly vulnerable to the threats posed by climate change, such as sealevel rise, storm, and floods. The vulnerability of the city was demonstrated on the 26 July 2005 when thousands of houses were submerged in the water, and assets worth billions of rupees were damaged. The flood severely impacted the residents in informal settlements known as slums, which incurred substantial financial losses. With the increasing vulnerability of coastal megacities to urban floods, there is a need for an effective risk assessment and Adaptation Planning. Hence this study aims to assess the current amd future Flood Risk faced by the H/E Ward (study area) of Mumbai. The flood risk assessment is performed using the standard catastrophe Risk modeling, which combines Hazard, exposure, and vulnerability. Various data sources such as Historical rainfall data, Elevation Data, Soil Database, Landsat Imagery, and census data were collected from multiple online sources to achieve this objective. The data processing is done using GIS, Hydrological and Hydraulic Processes. As the H/E ward lies in the Mithi River catchment area, we processed the DEM and used the SCS-Curve Number and kinematic routing method to generate the peak discharge at the River Sub basins in HEC-HMS software. The River geometry is prepared in HEC-RAS software, and Flood Hazard Maps were prepared. The current & future Risk analysis shows an increase in the inundation extent for the 100 year return period in the H/E Ward, which highlights that there would be an increase in the total affected Population and losses incurred by them. The study also highlights that the people's adaptive capacity is deficient. Most of the affected Population are poor people, employed in menial jobs, chosen to stay in the riskier site because of proximity to work. Hence this study highlights an urgent need for an effective Risk Management and Adaptation planning in the H/E ward of Mumbai.","PeriodicalId":17594,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42870163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-15DOI: 10.4090/juee.2020.v14n2.244--250
Valdenira C. da Silva, Pedro Herlleyson. G. Cardoso, Cleidiane G. Lima, R. C. De Castro, C. Nobre, M. Milhome
The inadequate disposal of solid urban waste has been of concern, due to the possibility of environmental contamination by various toxic substances, such as heavy metals. The study aims to analyze the concentration of heavy metals in soil and water samples collected around the municipal solid waste (MSW) open dumpsite, Iguatu, Ceará, Brazil. The analysis of risk to human health was determined using Hazard Quotient (HQ). The results showed the presence of heavy metals in concentrations higher than those established by current legislation. The concentration of metals in the soil and water samples were found in the following order, respectively: Fe> Zn> Mn> Cu> Pb> Cr and Fe> Mn> Zn> Ni> Cu> Cr> Cd> Co. However, HQ values indicate that the level of these metals may have little or no adverse health effects. The results suggest the continuous monitoring of the environmental matrices, to avoid the increase of contamination and the risk to human health.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF THE RISK OF CONTAMINATION BY METALS IN AREAS OF SOLID URBAN WASTE DISPOSAL","authors":"Valdenira C. da Silva, Pedro Herlleyson. G. Cardoso, Cleidiane G. Lima, R. C. De Castro, C. Nobre, M. Milhome","doi":"10.4090/juee.2020.v14n2.244--250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4090/juee.2020.v14n2.244--250","url":null,"abstract":"The inadequate disposal of solid urban waste has been of concern, due to the possibility of environmental contamination by various toxic substances, such as heavy metals. The study aims to analyze the concentration of heavy metals in soil and water samples collected around the municipal solid waste (MSW) open dumpsite, Iguatu, Ceará, Brazil. The analysis of risk to human health was determined using Hazard Quotient (HQ). The results showed the presence of heavy metals in concentrations higher than those established by current legislation. The concentration of metals in the soil and water samples were found in the following order, respectively: Fe> Zn> Mn> Cu> Pb> Cr and Fe> Mn> Zn> Ni> Cu> Cr> Cd> Co. However, HQ values indicate that the level of these metals may have little or no adverse health effects. The results suggest the continuous monitoring of the environmental matrices, to avoid the increase of contamination and the risk to human health.","PeriodicalId":17594,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44618666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-15DOI: 10.4090/juee.2020.v14n2.182-191
Armando Ferreira, Marina S. de O. Ilha
The drywell is an on-lot drainage system, which is composed by an excavation in the soil lined with a perforated piped and gravel at the bottom and sides. There are many models for on lot systems dimensioning, which were initially developed for agriculture areas or for simulation of water percolation in porous media, thus, they are not fully optimized for small areas like urban lots. This article proposes a model for dimensioning drywells, which is based on physical and hydrological characteristics of the installation site. It was developed using the analogy between water flow in soil and the heat flux in media solids. Results obtained with the proposed model were statistically similar (p>0,05) to those obtained with experimental data.
{"title":"DRYWELLS DIMENSIONING: ANALOGY BETWEEN WATER FLOW IN SOIL AND HEAT FLUX IN MEDIA SOLIDS","authors":"Armando Ferreira, Marina S. de O. Ilha","doi":"10.4090/juee.2020.v14n2.182-191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4090/juee.2020.v14n2.182-191","url":null,"abstract":"The drywell is an on-lot drainage system, which is composed by an excavation in the soil lined with a perforated piped and gravel at the bottom and sides. There are many models for on lot systems dimensioning, which were initially developed for agriculture areas or for simulation of water percolation in porous media, thus, they are not fully optimized for small areas like urban lots. This article proposes a model for dimensioning drywells, which is based on physical and hydrological characteristics of the installation site. It was developed using the analogy between water flow in soil and the heat flux in media solids. Results obtained with the proposed model were statistically similar (p>0,05) to those obtained with experimental data.","PeriodicalId":17594,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45021451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-15DOI: 10.4090/juee.2020.v14n2.218-235
Ana Carolina Vicentim Batista Ribeiro, João Carlos Machado Sanches, Renata Mansuelo Alves Domingos, Emeli Lalesca Aparecida da Guarda, Erika Fernanda Toledo Borges
Due to the accelerated urbanization process, Brazilian cities grow with little or no urban planning, and when it is present, climate issues are generally not considered, especially in small and medium-sized cities. Thus, the present research had as objective to evaluate a method of application of climatic knowledge throughout the process of revision of the Municipal Master Plan of Cáceres-MT. The methodology used to evaluate climatic variables is based on data provided by INMET and mobile transect measurements within the urban perimeter. Through this, it was possible to know the behavior of air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, wind speed and direction during the dry season and also over the years. Thus, through mobile transect measurements, a temperature difference between the analyzed points of 1.2ºC in the morning period and 1.9ºC in the afternoon and evening periods could be observed. As for humidity, a difference of 10% was observed in the morning period and 9% in the afternoon and evening periods. Therefore, through the phases of the Master Plan (diagnosis, prognosis and public management), proposals have been prepared to mitigate the identified harmful effects of the most affected areas in relation to the climate, and thus, contribute to the review process of the Municipal Master Plan of Cáceres-MT with climatic knowledge.
{"title":"CLIMATE MAPPING AND URBAN PLANNING: TECHNICAL AND COMMUNITY READING IN CÁCERES-MT, BRAZIL","authors":"Ana Carolina Vicentim Batista Ribeiro, João Carlos Machado Sanches, Renata Mansuelo Alves Domingos, Emeli Lalesca Aparecida da Guarda, Erika Fernanda Toledo Borges","doi":"10.4090/juee.2020.v14n2.218-235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4090/juee.2020.v14n2.218-235","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the accelerated urbanization process, Brazilian cities grow with little or no urban planning, and when it is present, climate issues are generally not considered, especially in small and medium-sized cities. Thus, the present research had as objective to evaluate a method of application of climatic knowledge throughout the process of revision of the Municipal Master Plan of Cáceres-MT. The methodology used to evaluate climatic variables is based on data provided by INMET and mobile transect measurements within the urban perimeter. Through this, it was possible to know the behavior of air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, wind speed and direction during the dry season and also over the years. Thus, through mobile transect measurements, a temperature difference between the analyzed points of 1.2ºC in the morning period and 1.9ºC in the afternoon and evening periods could be observed. As for humidity, a difference of 10% was observed in the morning period and 9% in the afternoon and evening periods. Therefore, through the phases of the Master Plan (diagnosis, prognosis and public management), proposals have been prepared to mitigate the identified harmful effects of the most affected areas in relation to the climate, and thus, contribute to the review process of the Municipal Master Plan of Cáceres-MT with climatic knowledge.","PeriodicalId":17594,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47556009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-07DOI: 10.4090/juee.2020.v14n1.042051
Nagore Urrutia del Campo, Olatz Grijalba Aseguinolaza, A. Hernández Aja
This research work focuses on the study of microclimate conditions of two squares of Madrid, a city with a considerable Urban Heat Island. The process includes field measurements of the surface and radiant temperatures of materials on buildings façades, pavements and urban furniture. Air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed and direction were also measured. A virtual 3D model was used for sun exposure and solar radiation simulations. The urban microclimate regulation capacity of the finishing materials and shading are numerically defined. Considering the results obtained from measurements and simulations, a procedure for open spaces’ microclimate variety classification and identification is proposed: An approach to describe the thermal level for open spaces, in order to help the urban designers and planners to provide high microclimate variety for the users to meet their difference thermal demand. This is a key element to identify environmental quality and to obtain thermal comfort.
{"title":"A CASE-BASED URBAN MICROCLIMATE VARIETY CLASSIFICATION PROCEDURE: FINISHING MATERIALS AND SHADING IN URBAN DESIGN.","authors":"Nagore Urrutia del Campo, Olatz Grijalba Aseguinolaza, A. Hernández Aja","doi":"10.4090/juee.2020.v14n1.042051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4090/juee.2020.v14n1.042051","url":null,"abstract":"This research work focuses on the study of microclimate conditions of two squares of Madrid, a city with a considerable Urban Heat Island. The process includes field measurements of the surface and radiant temperatures of materials on buildings façades, pavements and urban furniture. Air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed and direction were also measured. A virtual 3D model was used for sun exposure and solar radiation simulations. The urban microclimate regulation capacity of the finishing materials and shading are numerically defined. \u0000Considering the results obtained from measurements and simulations, a procedure for open spaces’ microclimate variety classification and identification is proposed: An approach to describe the thermal level for open spaces, in order to help the urban designers and planners to provide high microclimate variety for the users to meet their difference thermal demand. This is a key element to identify environmental quality and to obtain thermal comfort.","PeriodicalId":17594,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42375872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-07DOI: 10.4090/juee.2020.v14n1.052060
M. M S, Y. Katpatal
Pedestrian safety has become a major issue in most of the developing countries. Thousands of pedestrians are killed each year but still pedestrian safety remains the most ignored parameter in road design. Even after several studies, pedestrian behavior, which is a complex phenomenon remains poorly understood. Interaction and pedestrian response, especially at the intersections, is a serious concern in road safety. The primary objective of the study is to develop a Pedestrian Safety Index (PSI) by identifying the parameters on which pedestrian safety depends. These parameters have been classified as dependent parameters like pedestrian behavior, street infrastructure, and surrounding environment; and independent parameters like a signal break, crossing location, crossing type and crossing time. Pearson's correlation coefficient and ANOVA Analysis are performed to find the relationship between independent and dependent parameters. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) techniques have been used to prepare the PSI model. The model depicts safety indices at different intersections along the Ring Road which is the major transportation corridor of the city. The data for the analysis was extracted from actual video footages of CCTV installed at the intersections and high-resolution satellite images. The study concludes that the PSI is found to be less at all the intersections along Ring Road and very less in the western segments of the Ring Road Corridor. The values of Pedestrian safety indices are helpful in designing the infrastructure facility at the intersection considering pedestrian safety.
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