Pub Date : 2020-06-07DOI: 10.4090/juee.2020.v14n1.078086
J. T. Sousa, María de Luna, Israel Nunes Henrique, V. Leite, W. Lopes, H. Pearson
The combination of anaerobic pre-treatment and conventional aerobic technologies in a single compact unit has the potential to afford practical, sustainable and low-cost systems for the decentralized treatment of sewage. The aims of the present study were (i) to determine the efficiencies of a single-family compact (SFC) and a multi-family compact (MFC) station in removing organic matter from domestic sewage, and (ii) to investigate the behavior of aerobic intermittent sand filters (ISFs) regarding nitrification. The SFC station consisted of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor, an anaerobic upflow bed filter and an aerobic ISF, while the MFC station comprised a septic tank and two ISFs. The mean efficiencies for the removal of total chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids and total Kjeldahl nitrogen were, respectively, 90, 93 and 75% for the SFC and 87, 91% and 74% for the MFC with ISFs operated at hydraulic loading rates of 380 L.m-2.day-1. The sand filters produced helminth-free effluents that complied with World Health Organization recommendations for water intended for agricultural reuse, although the geometric mean of E. coli counts (104 CFU.100 mL-1) was somewhat high, implying that the treated water was appropriate for irrigation in low-tech agriculture.
{"title":"COMPACT SEWAGE TREATMENT SYSTEMS FOR RURAL SANITATION","authors":"J. T. Sousa, María de Luna, Israel Nunes Henrique, V. Leite, W. Lopes, H. Pearson","doi":"10.4090/juee.2020.v14n1.078086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4090/juee.2020.v14n1.078086","url":null,"abstract":"The combination of anaerobic pre-treatment and conventional aerobic technologies in a single compact unit has the potential to afford practical, sustainable and low-cost systems for the decentralized treatment of sewage. The aims of the present study were (i) to determine the efficiencies of a single-family compact (SFC) and a multi-family compact (MFC) station in removing organic matter from domestic sewage, and (ii) to investigate the behavior of aerobic intermittent sand filters (ISFs) regarding nitrification. The SFC station consisted of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor, an anaerobic upflow bed filter and an aerobic ISF, while the MFC station comprised a septic tank and two ISFs. The mean efficiencies for the removal of total chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids and total Kjeldahl nitrogen were, respectively, 90, 93 and 75% for the SFC and 87, 91% and 74% for the MFC with ISFs operated at hydraulic loading rates of 380 L.m-2.day-1. The sand filters produced helminth-free effluents that complied with World Health Organization recommendations for water intended for agricultural reuse, although the geometric mean of E. coli counts (104 CFU.100 mL-1) was somewhat high, implying that the treated water was appropriate for irrigation in low-tech agriculture.","PeriodicalId":17594,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45776531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-07DOI: 10.4090/juee.2020.v14n1.110118
M. Morais, Viviana Vanesa Urbina Guerrero, A. Rudke, T. Fujita, L. Martins, M. Reboita, J. Martins
According to IPCC reports, global climate change is likely to be accompanied by a greater frequency, intensity, and duration of heat waves in urban areas. This is related to predicted and ongoing variation of atmospheric temperature and its association with the dynamical evolution of cities. Changes in the roughness pattern of the surface, wind intensity, soil available humidity and radiative properties compared to the natural surfaces characterize the formation of the Urban Heat Island (UHI). A dynamical downscaling of A2 and B1 SRES’s future scenarios from Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change were performed for Londrina, a medium-size city of Southern Brazil, using the Weather Research and Forecasting model. The main objective of this study is to investigate the impact of these scenarios on the UHI formation and intensity based on different input data, and its role and influence in the rural area. For this, an evaluation of the model and a comparison with the scenarios were done to mitigate the current trends. The results show a tendency in the current situation in following the pessimistic A2 scenario. Also, a drier rural area for the sustainable projection (B1) is found which implicates in a higher temperature and wind patterns modification for both sites, urban and rural region. Both future projections have a direct influence on the UHI intensity and formation, yielding effects in the agriculture and affecting conditions on human comfort over the region.
{"title":"EVALUATION OF FUTURE CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS IN URBAN HEAT ISLAND AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD USING DYNAMICAL DOWNSCALING","authors":"M. Morais, Viviana Vanesa Urbina Guerrero, A. Rudke, T. Fujita, L. Martins, M. Reboita, J. Martins","doi":"10.4090/juee.2020.v14n1.110118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4090/juee.2020.v14n1.110118","url":null,"abstract":"According to IPCC reports, global climate change is likely to be accompanied by a greater frequency, intensity, and duration of heat waves in urban areas. This is related to predicted and ongoing variation of atmospheric temperature and its association with the dynamical evolution of cities. Changes in the roughness pattern of the surface, wind intensity, soil available humidity and radiative properties compared to the natural surfaces characterize the formation of the Urban Heat Island (UHI). A dynamical downscaling of A2 and B1 SRES’s future scenarios from Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change were performed for Londrina, a medium-size city of Southern Brazil, using the Weather Research and Forecasting model. The main objective of this study is to investigate the impact of these scenarios on the UHI formation and intensity based on different input data, and its role and influence in the rural area. For this, an evaluation of the model and a comparison with the scenarios were done to mitigate the current trends. The results show a tendency in the current situation in following the pessimistic A2 scenario. Also, a drier rural area for the sustainable projection (B1) is found which implicates in a higher temperature and wind patterns modification for both sites, urban and rural region. Both future projections have a direct influence on the UHI intensity and formation, yielding effects in the agriculture and affecting conditions on human comfort over the region.","PeriodicalId":17594,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45496894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-07DOI: 10.4090/juee.2020.v14n1.132143
E. Karfidova, M. N. Komarevskaya, I. Kravchenko, S. N. Polevodova
The present paper addresses methods for formalization of engineering geological complexity of urban territory based on engineering geological zoning for purposes of urban and spatial planning. Presented is distinguishing three main sets of issues for purposes of urban development complex, improvement of environmental management and assessment of engineering geological complexity distribution, issues being addressed at two levels: at the city level - mapping the engineering geological complexity to scale of 1: 100 000 and at municipal level – engineering geological complexity maps to scale of 1: 25 000 with derivation of taxonomic formula of geological hazard; at that, cartographical materials are proposed as open data. For the first time it is proposed to use the complexity index and to plot the diversity curves for negative geological processes. Results of distribution analysis for complexity of engineering geological conditions made it possible to reveal a relatively low complexity of the structural uplift megamassif at the territory of the city of Moscow. The proposed methods shall help to develop "geoecological image" of the city and be used for better understanding of geoecological problems related to the city development.
{"title":"APPROACHES TO FORMALIZATION OF ASSESSMENT OF TERRITORY ENGINEERING GEOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY FOR PURPOSES OF SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT (THE CITY OF MOSCOW CASE STUDY)","authors":"E. Karfidova, M. N. Komarevskaya, I. Kravchenko, S. N. Polevodova","doi":"10.4090/juee.2020.v14n1.132143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4090/juee.2020.v14n1.132143","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper addresses methods for formalization of engineering geological complexity of urban territory based on engineering geological zoning for purposes of urban and spatial planning. Presented is distinguishing three main sets of issues for purposes of urban development complex, improvement of environmental management and assessment of engineering geological complexity distribution, issues being addressed at two levels: at the city level - mapping the engineering geological complexity to scale of 1: 100 000 and at municipal level – engineering geological complexity maps to scale of 1: 25 000 with derivation of taxonomic formula of geological hazard; at that, cartographical materials are proposed as open data. For the first time it is proposed to use the complexity index and to plot the diversity curves for negative geological processes. Results of distribution analysis for complexity of engineering geological conditions made it possible to reveal a relatively low complexity of the structural uplift megamassif at the territory of the city of Moscow. The proposed methods shall help to develop \"geoecological image\" of the city and be used for better understanding of geoecological problems related to the city development.","PeriodicalId":17594,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42311387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-07DOI: 10.4090/juee.2020.v14n1.003031
L. Allen
Communities throughout the U.S. struggle to provide basic public services to their residents, including stormwater management services and recent regulations have only added to this challenge. Increasingly, stormwater utilities are being established to fund stormwater management programs. As of 2018, there were an estimated 1,800 to 2,000 stormwater utilities in the U.S., however the establishment of these utilities has varied both temporally and spatially across the country. This research examines the factors at the national, state, and local-levels that give rise to this variation. Overall, research findings indicate that a lack of clear legal authority, presence of stormwater regulations, and political and public opposition all influence the establishment of a stormwater utility, however the influence of these factors is more nuanced than shown by previous research. Moreover, this research identified several factors that influence the setup of utilities that had not been previously identified, including variations in state-level implementation and enforcement of stormwater regulations, general public attitudes, and the robustness of a community’s baseline stormwater management program. These different factors come into play to varying degrees in individual communities and whether a community succeeds or fails in setting up a utility depends on the final balance of these factors.
{"title":"FACTORS INFLUENCING THE ESTABLISHMENT OF STORMWATER UTILITIES IN THE U.S.","authors":"L. Allen","doi":"10.4090/juee.2020.v14n1.003031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4090/juee.2020.v14n1.003031","url":null,"abstract":"Communities throughout the U.S. struggle to provide basic public services to their residents, including stormwater management services and recent regulations have only added to this challenge. Increasingly, stormwater utilities are being established to fund stormwater management programs. As of 2018, there were an estimated 1,800 to 2,000 stormwater utilities in the U.S., however the establishment of these utilities has varied both temporally and spatially across the country. This research examines the factors at the national, state, and local-levels that give rise to this variation. Overall, research findings indicate that a lack of clear legal authority, presence of stormwater regulations, and political and public opposition all influence the establishment of a stormwater utility, however the influence of these factors is more nuanced than shown by previous research. Moreover, this research identified several factors that influence the setup of utilities that had not been previously identified, including variations in state-level implementation and enforcement of stormwater regulations, general public attitudes, and the robustness of a community’s baseline stormwater management program. These different factors come into play to varying degrees in individual communities and whether a community succeeds or fails in setting up a utility depends on the final balance of these factors.","PeriodicalId":17594,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41923278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-07DOI: 10.4090/juee.2020.v14n1.119131
Koushik Paul, S. Chattopadhyay, A. Dutta, A. P. Krishna, S. Ray
Solid waste management (SWM) is among the poorly rendered services in developing countries — limited resources, increasing population, rapid urbanisation and application of unscientific, outdated systems leads to inefficiency. Lack of proper planning and inadequate data regarding solid waste generation and collection compound the solid waste management problem. Given the large number of available waste management options and the inter-relationships among them, identifying SWM strategies that satisfy economic or environmental objectives is a complex task. The paper integrates the effects of transfer station(s) to a mathematical model developed for a municipal Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) system and focusses on the effect of inclusion of transfer stations on the overall efficiency and cost-effectiveness of an ISWM system. The model then serves as decision support tool to evaluate various waste management alternatives and identifies the least cost optimal combination of technologies for the collection, transport, treatment and disposal of waste. The constraints include those linking waste flows and mass balance, processing plants capacity, landfill capacity, transport vehicle capacity and number of trips. The linear programming model integrating different functional elements was solved by LINGO optimisation software and various possible waste management options were considered during analysis.
{"title":"DEVELOPING AND OPTIMISING AN URBAN INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT MODEL: EFFECT OF TRANSFER STATIONS","authors":"Koushik Paul, S. Chattopadhyay, A. Dutta, A. P. Krishna, S. Ray","doi":"10.4090/juee.2020.v14n1.119131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4090/juee.2020.v14n1.119131","url":null,"abstract":"Solid waste management (SWM) is among the poorly rendered services in developing countries — limited resources, increasing population, rapid urbanisation and application of unscientific, outdated systems leads to inefficiency. Lack of proper planning and inadequate data regarding solid waste generation and collection compound the solid waste management problem. Given the large number of available waste management options and the inter-relationships among them, identifying SWM strategies that satisfy economic or environmental objectives is a complex task. The paper integrates the effects of transfer station(s) to a mathematical model developed for a municipal Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) system and focusses on the effect of inclusion of transfer stations on the overall efficiency and cost-effectiveness of an ISWM system. The model then serves as decision support tool to evaluate various waste management alternatives and identifies the least cost optimal combination of technologies for the collection, transport, treatment and disposal of waste. The constraints include those linking waste flows and mass balance, processing plants capacity, landfill capacity, transport vehicle capacity and number of trips. The linear programming model integrating different functional elements was solved by LINGO optimisation software and various possible waste management options were considered during analysis.","PeriodicalId":17594,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44526716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-07DOI: 10.4090/juee.2020.v14n1.144149
Libor Ansorge, L. Stejskalová, J. Dlabal
Grey Water Footprint is an indicator of anthropogenic pollution load into the inland water. The indicator is used for quantification of water needed for pollutant dilution to such an extent that the quality of the ambient water remains above agreed water quality standards of pollution discharged from point sources in the Czech Republic. Grey Water Footprint was calculated for 6 382 point pollution sources, recorded in the national register of wastewater discharges, from period 2009–2018. The domestic, industry and agriculture sectors were analyzed separately in the assessment. The total Grey Water Footprint of point sources of pollution varied between 1.90 × 1010 and 2.46 × 1010 m3/year. The Grey Water Footprint of domestic pollution represented about ¾ of the total Grey Water Footprint. The Grey Water Footprint of industrial pollution represented about ¼ of the total Grey Water Footprint. The Grey Water Footprint of agricultural point sources of pollution can be neglected on the national level in the Czech Republic. In most cases, the Grey Water Footprint is determined by ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N).
{"title":"GREY WATER FOOTPRINT OF POINT SOURCES OF POLLUTION: THE CZECH REPUBLIC STUDY","authors":"Libor Ansorge, L. Stejskalová, J. Dlabal","doi":"10.4090/juee.2020.v14n1.144149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4090/juee.2020.v14n1.144149","url":null,"abstract":"Grey Water Footprint is an indicator of anthropogenic pollution load into the inland water. The indicator is used for quantification of water needed for pollutant dilution to such an extent that the quality of the ambient water remains above agreed water quality standards of pollution discharged from point sources in the Czech Republic. Grey Water Footprint was calculated for 6 382 point pollution sources, recorded in the national register of wastewater discharges, from period 2009–2018. The domestic, industry and agriculture sectors were analyzed separately in the assessment. The total Grey Water Footprint of point sources of pollution varied between 1.90 × 1010 and 2.46 × 1010 m3/year. The Grey Water Footprint of domestic pollution represented about ¾ of the total Grey Water Footprint. The Grey Water Footprint of industrial pollution represented about ¼ of the total Grey Water Footprint. The Grey Water Footprint of agricultural point sources of pollution can be neglected on the national level in the Czech Republic. In most cases, the Grey Water Footprint is determined by ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N).","PeriodicalId":17594,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45817737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-07DOI: 10.4090/juee.2020.v14n1.150160
A. R. Neto, L. Batista, R. Coutinho
Worldwide floods stand out as some of the most recurrent and potentially destructive phenomena. Risk reduction management must consider dynamics involving structural risk elements called indicators. The objective of this paper was to simulate an extreme flood event in the Pirapama river basin, Pernambuco State, Northeastern Brazil, and to analyze some risk components, focusing on the application of damage models in the Brazilian scenario. The hydrological model HEC-HMS (Hydrological Modeling System) was calibrated in order to generate streamflow for ungauged areas. The model was able to identify the highest flood peaks and the statistic criteria were consistent with daily simulation. The parameters calibrated for the HEC-HMS model allowed us to generate results used as input flow in HEC-RAS (River Analysis System). The hydrodynamic model HEC-RAS performed steady flow simulations for the peak flow that occurred in 2010. Remote sensing products with high spatial resolution were used successfully to identify and calculate dwellings surface in the municipality of Cabo de Santo Agostinho. Flood damage estimates were performed through transferred depth-damage curves which is a methodological option verified in the literature. The two main Brazilian studies on this field were selected. The difference between the functions is just over BRL$72 per square meter, and around BRL$85 million for the entire area in the 2010 event (BRL$234.58 and BRL$149.11 million). Those values were adjusted for inflation until 2019. A combination of different methodologies is a way to try to overcome the lack of information, but much remains to be done to validate damage analysis, especially in what concerns to prevention.
世界范围内的洪水是最常见和最具破坏性的现象之一。风险降低管理必须考虑涉及称为指标的结构性风险要素的动态。本文以巴西东北部伯南布哥州皮拉帕马河流域为例，模拟了一次极端洪水事件，并分析了其中的风险成分，重点研究了灾害模型在巴西情景中的应用。对水文模型HEC-HMS(水文建模系统)进行了校准，以便生成未测量区域的流量。该模型能够识别出最高洪峰，统计标准与日常模拟结果一致。为HEC-HMS模型校准的参数使我们能够生成结果，作为HEC-RAS(河流分析系统)的输入流量。水动力模型HEC-RAS对2010年的峰值流进行了稳态流模拟。利用高空间分辨率的遥感产品成功地识别和计算了Cabo de Santo Agostinho市的住宅表面。洪水损失估计是通过转移的深度损害曲线进行的，这是一种在文献中得到验证的方法选择。选择了巴西在这一领域的两项主要研究。功能之间的差异仅为每平方米72巴西雷亚尔多一点，而2010年活动中整个区域的差异约为8500万巴西雷亚尔(234.58巴西雷亚尔和1.411亿巴西雷亚尔)。这些价值在2019年之前根据通货膨胀进行了调整。不同方法的结合是克服信息缺乏的一种方法，但要验证损害分析，特别是在涉及预防的方面，仍有许多工作要做。
{"title":"FLOOD DAMAGE ANALYSIS: A BRAZILIAN CASE STUDY","authors":"A. R. Neto, L. Batista, R. Coutinho","doi":"10.4090/juee.2020.v14n1.150160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4090/juee.2020.v14n1.150160","url":null,"abstract":"Worldwide floods stand out as some of the most recurrent and potentially destructive phenomena. Risk reduction management must consider dynamics involving structural risk elements called indicators. The objective of this paper was to simulate an extreme flood event in the Pirapama river basin, Pernambuco State, Northeastern Brazil, and to analyze some risk components, focusing on the application of damage models in the Brazilian scenario. The hydrological model HEC-HMS (Hydrological Modeling System) was calibrated in order to generate streamflow for ungauged areas. The model was able to identify the highest flood peaks and the statistic criteria were consistent with daily simulation. The parameters calibrated for the HEC-HMS model allowed us to generate results used as input flow in HEC-RAS (River Analysis System). The hydrodynamic model HEC-RAS performed steady flow simulations for the peak flow that occurred in 2010. Remote sensing products with high spatial resolution were used successfully to identify and calculate dwellings surface in the municipality of Cabo de Santo Agostinho. Flood damage estimates were performed through transferred depth-damage curves which is a methodological option verified in the literature. The two main Brazilian studies on this field were selected. The difference between the functions is just over BRL$72 per square meter, and around BRL$85 million for the entire area in the 2010 event (BRL$234.58 and BRL$149.11 million). Those values were adjusted for inflation until 2019. A combination of different methodologies is a way to try to overcome the lack of information, but much remains to be done to validate damage analysis, especially in what concerns to prevention.","PeriodicalId":17594,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48323507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-07DOI: 10.4090/juee.2020.v14n1.032041
Rodrigo Gabriel Avelino de Queiroz Pessoa, A. S. Cardoso, Thayse Dayse Delmiro, E. K. Kohlman Rabbani
The objective of this study is to compare the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from materials used in the execution of internal building masonry for construction projects that use plaster blocks and those using ceramic bricks. A total of 20 projects in the city of Recife, Brazil, were analyzed, all of them belonging to a large construction company operating in the Northeast region. The Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions were estimated using indexes found in the literature and calculated based on the Energy Life Cycle Assessment (ELCA). The emissions from the transport of materials to the construction site were calculated based on the driving distances between the suppliers and the building sites, taking into account the fuel consumption of the transport vehicles. The construction sites using plaster blocks for the internal masonry seals obtained an average indicator of 19.21 kgCO2/m² of constructed area compared to 33.86 kgCO2/m² from those using ceramic bricks. Construction sites using plaster blocks for internal masonry had a 43.26% reduction in GHG emissions and there was a strong correlation between costs due to the execution of activities and material emissions.
{"title":"COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CO2 EMISSIONS FROM CERAMIC BRICK AND PLASTER BLOCK VERTICAL SEALS","authors":"Rodrigo Gabriel Avelino de Queiroz Pessoa, A. S. Cardoso, Thayse Dayse Delmiro, E. K. Kohlman Rabbani","doi":"10.4090/juee.2020.v14n1.032041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4090/juee.2020.v14n1.032041","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study is to compare the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from materials used in the execution of internal building masonry for construction projects that use plaster blocks and those using ceramic bricks. A total of 20 projects in the city of Recife, Brazil, were analyzed, all of them belonging to a large construction company operating in the Northeast region. The Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions were estimated using indexes found in the literature and calculated based on the Energy Life Cycle Assessment (ELCA). The emissions from the transport of materials to the construction site were calculated based on the driving distances between the suppliers and the building sites, taking into account the fuel consumption of the transport vehicles. The construction sites using plaster blocks for the internal masonry seals obtained an average indicator of 19.21 kgCO2/m² of constructed area compared to 33.86 kgCO2/m² from those using ceramic bricks. Construction sites using plaster blocks for internal masonry had a 43.26% reduction in GHG emissions and there was a strong correlation between costs due to the execution of activities and material emissions.","PeriodicalId":17594,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49372879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-07DOI: 10.4090/juee.2020.v14n1.161172
Mahdieh Pazhouhanfar, Hamed Mohammadi Mazraeh
Qeshm, an island in southern Iran, has two significant elements of sustainable architecture—wind catcher and Latticework (Moshabak). So, it can be defined based on its performance-oriented vernacular architecture which results in the wind renewable energy. However, there are few studies on these sustainable elements. The present study attempted to analyze the performance and structure of these natural ventilation systems in the island. In our research methodology, we tried to use the qualitative approach. Initially, we used citation and library sources for gathering information. Later, we visited the site and the native architecture of the island was studied by analyzing and extracting architectural elements from 48 old buildings which are over 70 years old. Moreover, different types of wind energy and Moshabaks used in the island were thoroughly studied. Meanwhile, the temperature during different periods was compared and the height of the wind catchers and their influence on the rate of wind deflector, functional art, and ecology-oriented architecture of the island were evaluated. The results showed that in terms of function, these so-called sustainable native architectural elements have met the natural ventilation requirement appropriately.
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Pub Date : 2020-06-07DOI: 10.4090/juee.2020.v14n1.069077
M. Mishra, D. Sudarsan, Dipika Kar, Arun Kumar Naik, P. Das, C. Santos, R. Silva
The sensitivity of research on shoreline monitoring of coastal erosion is justified due to high density population, climate changes impacts, and intensified development, which are squeezing the ecosystem of coastal zones around the world. The budding fields of optical remote sensing such source medium and high-resolution satellite imagery in conjunction with avenue programming of Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) are widely used extended tools for analyzing the rate of coastal erosion and deposition. Although, there is a geometric growth in the research published documents in the last decades after the start of DSAS in 1990, but its broad insight into global peer groups, its scientometrics, pattern and trends in research activities in monitoring coastal erosion or shoreline change is missing. To breach this gap, 99 bibliographic records published in the Web of Science core collection for the period of 1994–2019 were analyzed using the VOSviewer software. Further, the analysis about global insight of research activities using DSAS in shoreline change analysis focused on (i) general scientometric characteristics of published output, (ii) experts in research themes and their cooperation, (iii) publishable journal list, (iv) institutional distribution and international collaboration, and (v) potential hotspot areas. This systematic analysis of the theme, graphically using rigorous scientmetric tools, will help coastal researchers to visualize the current research trends and prospective guideline for future research. The output of the present study will provide a robust road map to early carrier researchers for their advance inquiry in these fields in coming days.
高密度的人口、气候变化的影响和密集的开发正在挤压世界各地海岸带的生态系统，因此海岸带侵蚀监测研究的敏感性是合理的。光学遥感的新兴领域，如源介质和高分辨率卫星图像与数字海岸线分析系统(DSAS)的路径规划相结合，是广泛应用于海岸侵蚀和沉积速率分析的扩展工具。尽管自1990年启动DSAS以来，近几十年来发表的研究论文呈几何增长，但其对全球同行群体的广泛洞察、监测海岸侵蚀或海岸线变化的研究活动的科学计量学、模式和趋势缺乏。为了弥补这一差距，使用VOSviewer软件分析了Web of Science核心馆藏中1994-2019年期间发表的99条书目记录。此外，利用DSAS对海岸线变化研究活动的全球视角分析侧重于(i)已发表成果的一般科学计量特征，(ii)研究主题专家及其合作，(iii)可发表期刊列表，(iv)机构分布和国际合作，以及(v)潜在热点领域。这一主题的系统分析，使用严谨的科学计量工具，将有助于沿海研究人员可视化当前的研究趋势和未来研究的前瞻性指导方针。本研究的成果将为未来几天早期航母研究人员在这些领域的深入研究提供一个强有力的路线图。
{"title":"THE DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH TREND OF USING DSAS TOOL FOR SHORELINE CHANGE ANALYSIS: A SCIENTOMETRIC ANALYSIS","authors":"M. Mishra, D. Sudarsan, Dipika Kar, Arun Kumar Naik, P. Das, C. Santos, R. Silva","doi":"10.4090/juee.2020.v14n1.069077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4090/juee.2020.v14n1.069077","url":null,"abstract":"The sensitivity of research on shoreline monitoring of coastal erosion is justified due to high density population, climate changes impacts, and intensified development, which are squeezing the ecosystem of coastal zones around the world. The budding fields of optical remote sensing such source medium and high-resolution satellite imagery in conjunction with avenue programming of Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) are widely used extended tools for analyzing the rate of coastal erosion and deposition. Although, there is a geometric growth in the research published documents in the last decades after the start of DSAS in 1990, but its broad insight into global peer groups, its scientometrics, pattern and trends in research activities in monitoring coastal erosion or shoreline change is missing. To breach this gap, 99 bibliographic records published in the Web of Science core collection for the period of 1994–2019 were analyzed using the VOSviewer software. Further, the analysis about global insight of research activities using DSAS in shoreline change analysis focused on (i) general scientometric characteristics of published output, (ii) experts in research themes and their cooperation, (iii) publishable journal list, (iv) institutional distribution and international collaboration, and (v) potential hotspot areas. This systematic analysis of the theme, graphically using rigorous scientmetric tools, will help coastal researchers to visualize the current research trends and prospective guideline for future research. The output of the present study will provide a robust road map to early carrier researchers for their advance inquiry in these fields in coming days.","PeriodicalId":17594,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44996731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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