Pub Date : 2019-10-05DOI: 10.4090/juee.2019.v13n1.145162
Abdel Rahman Rakad Al- Shabeeb
The choice of location for a landfill site has a significant effect on the economy, ecology and overall environmental well-being, and is therefore a vital decision in the process of city planning. In Mafraq, the huge increases in population, as a result both of the arrival of significant numbers of Syrian refugees, as well as an increasing birth rate, has increased the pressure on the limited resources available, as well as emphasising the necessity of building a proper system of waste management, as well as a well-located landfill site. In relation to the latter, the aim is to position it so as to minimise any negative impact on either the environment or on public health. In terms of GIS, vector analysis tools and multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) were applied to ascertain the best location for a landfill site. The aspects that were assessed in this research included slopes, roads, airport, wells, soil, faults, international borders, Wadis, and urban areas. The weighting given to each item was determined using the Boolean technique in terms of its importance to the location of a landfill site. The conclusions indicated that 18 sites in the area researched were potentially suitable for landfill sites, but that the Jordanian government had to undertake further work using the results of the GIS research to determine where the site should be located.
{"title":"THE USE OF VECTOR-BASED GIS BOOLEAN ANALYSIS TECHNIQUE TO DETERMINE THE BEST LOCATION FOR A MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE LANDFILL SITE IN MAFRAQ GOVERNORATE/ JORDAN","authors":"Abdel Rahman Rakad Al- Shabeeb","doi":"10.4090/juee.2019.v13n1.145162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4090/juee.2019.v13n1.145162","url":null,"abstract":"The choice of location for a landfill site has a significant effect on the economy, ecology and overall environmental well-being, and is therefore a vital decision in the process of city planning. In Mafraq, the huge increases in population, as a result both of the arrival of significant numbers of Syrian refugees, as well as an increasing birth rate, has increased the pressure on the limited resources available, as well as emphasising the necessity of building a proper system of waste management, as well as a well-located landfill site. In relation to the latter, the aim is to position it so as to minimise any negative impact on either the environment or on public health. In terms of GIS, vector analysis tools and multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) were applied to ascertain the best location for a landfill site. The aspects that were assessed in this research included slopes, roads, airport, wells, soil, faults, international borders, Wadis, and urban areas. The weighting given to each item was determined using the Boolean technique in terms of its importance to the location of a landfill site. The conclusions indicated that 18 sites in the area researched were potentially suitable for landfill sites, but that the Jordanian government had to undertake further work using the results of the GIS research to determine where the site should be located.","PeriodicalId":17594,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46029108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-05DOI: 10.4090/juee.2019.v13n1.059068
F. A. Silva, D. R. Pereira, J. F. C. Silva, A. O. Artero, M. A. Piteri
This paper proposes a new approach for traffic sign recognition using images captured by a low-cost mapping system. The proposed approach applies the SIFT algorithm to extract keypoint features that are used to evaluate the correspondences between a road image containing one or more plates and the images of traffic signs (templates). The BBF algorithm was used to efficiently evaluate the correspondence between the SIFT features. Finally, we propose a new algorithm to filter only the pairs of keypoints (image-template) that are compatible as well as the orientation and positioning.
{"title":"TSRS - A NEW APPROACH FOR TRAFFIC SIGN RECOGNITION USING THE SIFT ALGORITHM","authors":"F. A. Silva, D. R. Pereira, J. F. C. Silva, A. O. Artero, M. A. Piteri","doi":"10.4090/juee.2019.v13n1.059068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4090/juee.2019.v13n1.059068","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a new approach for traffic sign recognition using images captured by a low-cost mapping system. The proposed approach applies the SIFT algorithm to extract keypoint features that are used to evaluate the correspondences between a road image containing one or more plates and the images of traffic signs (templates). The BBF algorithm was used to efficiently evaluate the correspondence between the SIFT features. Finally, we propose a new algorithm to filter only the pairs of keypoints (image-template) that are compatible as well as the orientation and positioning.","PeriodicalId":17594,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43296721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-05DOI: 10.4090/juee.2019.v13n1.013022
F. Baghlad, B. Douaiba, A. Azzi
The present work, focused on the Atmospheric boundary-layer airflows and their interactions with obstacles, particularly in relation to urban air quality, therefore two passive control methods are represented in barriers solid LBWs (Low Boundary Walls) and crossings under building, in order to investigate the dynamic impacts in the center urban canyon road. These passive control solutions are designed for reducing the concentrations airflows polluted necessary, while a correct air quality in the urban areas. For these reasons, the passageways under building and LBWs models have been performed with a two dimensional numerical ANSYS-CFX code, rendering it ideal for examining the concentration distribution within street canyons of H1/H2 = 0.5-1-1.5 and the dynamics effects of pollution concentrations of vehicle emissions of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), which it is taken as a tracer gas within the symmetrical urban street canyon. However the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations and the k-ɛ turbulence model are applied in order to close the equations system. The results achieved are evidence about the diminishing of the pollutant concentrations normalized in in the leeward and windward of the urban street canyon
{"title":"AERODYNAMIC EFFECTS OF POLLUTION CONCENTRATIONS IN URBAN STREET CANYON USING TWO PASSIVE CONTROL METHODS: CROSSING UNDER BUILDING AND LOW BOUNDARY WALL","authors":"F. Baghlad, B. Douaiba, A. Azzi","doi":"10.4090/juee.2019.v13n1.013022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4090/juee.2019.v13n1.013022","url":null,"abstract":"The present work, focused on the Atmospheric boundary-layer airflows and their interactions with obstacles, particularly in relation to urban air quality, therefore two passive control methods are represented in barriers solid LBWs (Low Boundary Walls) and crossings under building, in order to investigate the dynamic impacts in the center urban canyon road. These passive control solutions are designed for reducing the concentrations airflows polluted necessary, while a correct air quality in the urban areas. For these reasons, the passageways under building and LBWs models have been performed with a two dimensional numerical ANSYS-CFX code, rendering it ideal for examining the concentration distribution within street canyons of H1/H2 = 0.5-1-1.5 and the dynamics effects of pollution concentrations of vehicle emissions of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), which it is taken as a tracer gas within the symmetrical urban street canyon. However the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations and the k-ɛ turbulence model are applied in order to close the equations system. The results achieved are evidence about the diminishing of the pollutant concentrations normalized in in the leeward and windward of the urban street canyon","PeriodicalId":17594,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42664249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-05DOI: 10.4090/juee.2019.v13n1.087091
G. Erden, Ilknur Dambayci Hancioglu
In this study, an advanced oxidation process of Fenton Process was applied to meat prosessing wastewater sludge for the purpose of sludge disintegration before anaerobic digestion. Fenton Process was applied to the meat processing wastewater sludge samples were taken from a treatment plant located in Denizli, Turkey. In the first stage of the study, experiments were carried out to optimize the process conditions in terms of disintegration using Box-Wilson Statistical Design. Ferrous iron and hydrogen peroxide concentrations were chosen as process variable and disintegration degree parameter based on soluble chemical oxygen demand calculations used as process response. 13% of disintegration degree was obtained at 90 gH2O2/ kg Dried Solids and 3 g Fe(III)/kg Dried Solids. After optimization studies for disintegration, sludge digestion studies were carried out using Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) Test. BMP test results showed that Fenton Process can be used as a sludge disintegration purpose and application of Fenton Process before anaerobic digestion causes 33% higher methane gas production comparing the non-pretreated sludge.
{"title":"ANAEROBIC BIODEGRADABILITY ENHANCEMENT OF MEAT PROCESSING WASTEWATER SLUDGE BY FENTON PROCESS","authors":"G. Erden, Ilknur Dambayci Hancioglu","doi":"10.4090/juee.2019.v13n1.087091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4090/juee.2019.v13n1.087091","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, an advanced oxidation process of Fenton Process was applied to meat prosessing wastewater sludge for the purpose of sludge disintegration before anaerobic digestion. Fenton Process was applied to the meat processing wastewater sludge samples were taken from a treatment plant located in Denizli, Turkey. In the first stage of the study, experiments were carried out to optimize the process conditions in terms of disintegration using Box-Wilson Statistical Design. Ferrous iron and hydrogen peroxide concentrations were chosen as process variable and disintegration degree parameter based on soluble chemical oxygen demand calculations used as process response. 13% of disintegration degree was obtained at 90 gH2O2/ kg Dried Solids and 3 g Fe(III)/kg Dried Solids. After optimization studies for disintegration, sludge digestion studies were carried out using Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) Test. BMP test results showed that Fenton Process can be used as a sludge disintegration purpose and application of Fenton Process before anaerobic digestion causes 33% higher methane gas production comparing the non-pretreated sludge.","PeriodicalId":17594,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42155606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-05DOI: 10.4090/juee.2019.v13n1.198207
Sattar Yunus, M. Rashid, R. Mat, S. Baharun, C. M. Hasfalina
PM10 concentrations were measured on a weekly basis for a period of one year from February 2012 to January 2013 at one site of Makassar, Province of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. A total of nineteen elemental components have analyzed (i.e Ag, Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Si, Ti, and Zn). The elemental components were found in descending order; Ca > Si > Na > Al > Fe > K > Mg > Zn > Ti > Pb > Ni >Mn> Ba > Cu > Cr > B > Ag > Cd > Co. Four ionic species (i.e Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, NH4+) have analyzed, The ionic species were found in descending order; SO42- > NO3- > Cl- > NH4+ as well as black carbon were founded in the sample was 2.01 µg/m3. The elemental enrichment factors indicated that most of the elements were enriched relative to soil origin illustrating of their possible associations with other sources such as marine and anthropogenic derived aerosols.
从2012年2月至2013年1月，在印度尼西亚南苏拉威西省望加锡的一个地点每周测量PM10浓度，为期一年。共分析了19种元素成分(即Ag、Al、B、Ba、Ca、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、K、Mg、Mn、Na、Ni、Pb、Si、Ti和Zn)。元素成分由高到低依次出现;Ca > Si > Na > Al > Fe > K > Mg > Zn > Ti > Pb > Ni >Mn> Ba > Cu > Cr > B > Ag > Cd > Co.分析了4种离子种类(Cl-、NO3-、SO42-、NH4+)，发现离子种类依次递减;样品中SO42- > NO3- > Cl- > NH4+和黑碳含量为2.01µg/m3。元素富集因子表明，大多数元素相对于土壤来源富集，说明它们可能与其他来源如海洋和人为来源的气溶胶有关。
{"title":"CHARACTERISTIC OF THE PM10 IN URBAN ENVIRONMENT OF MAKASSAR","authors":"Sattar Yunus, M. Rashid, R. Mat, S. Baharun, C. M. Hasfalina","doi":"10.4090/juee.2019.v13n1.198207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4090/juee.2019.v13n1.198207","url":null,"abstract":"PM10 concentrations were measured on a weekly basis for a period of one year from February 2012 to January 2013 at one site of Makassar, Province of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. A total of nineteen elemental components have analyzed (i.e Ag, Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Si, Ti, and Zn). The elemental components were found in descending order; Ca > Si > Na > Al > Fe > K > Mg > Zn > Ti > Pb > Ni >Mn> Ba > Cu > Cr > B > Ag > Cd > Co. Four ionic species (i.e Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, NH4+) have analyzed, The ionic species were found in descending order; SO42- > NO3- > Cl- > NH4+ as well as black carbon were founded in the sample was 2.01 µg/m3. The elemental enrichment factors indicated that most of the elements were enriched relative to soil origin illustrating of their possible associations with other sources such as marine and anthropogenic derived aerosols.","PeriodicalId":17594,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70337244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-05DOI: 10.4090/juee.2019.v13n2.209218
Augusto da Gama Rego, José Almir Pereira Rodrigues, Aline Christian Pimentel Almeida Santos
Current tools and methods for assessing water supply systems no longer meet the new sustainability challenges, mainly the balance of the close relationship between water and energy in the perspective of unsustainable use of water resources and energy crisis. In this context, this study aimed to develop a model for hydro-energetic assessment of water supply systems, based on the systemic approach and diagnostic and simulation actions of the operation of water flows and electricity consumption. The analysis was developed in two steps, namely the development of the model and its formulations and subsequent application to the water supply system using synthetic data. The results showed that the developed model was effective in assessing the proposal, demonstrated easy practical applicability in any unit arrangement, promoted systemic understanding of water and electricity losses in the units in the stages of production, processing and distribution and in the system as a whole, and provided decision making for corrective actions with greater systemic impact. Finally, the proposed model represents an important technology in the search for improved social, economic and environmental sustainability of water supply systems
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF MODELS FOR ASSESSING HYDRO-ENERGETIC LOSSES IN WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS","authors":"Augusto da Gama Rego, José Almir Pereira Rodrigues, Aline Christian Pimentel Almeida Santos","doi":"10.4090/juee.2019.v13n2.209218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4090/juee.2019.v13n2.209218","url":null,"abstract":"Current tools and methods for assessing water supply systems no longer meet the new sustainability challenges, mainly the balance of the close relationship between water and energy in the perspective of unsustainable use of water resources and energy crisis. In this context, this study aimed to develop a model for hydro-energetic assessment of water supply systems, based on the systemic approach and diagnostic and simulation actions of the operation of water flows and electricity consumption. The analysis was developed in two steps, namely the development of the model and its formulations and subsequent application to the water supply system using synthetic data. The results showed that the developed model was effective in assessing the proposal, demonstrated easy practical applicability in any unit arrangement, promoted systemic understanding of water and electricity losses in the units in the stages of production, processing and distribution and in the system as a whole, and provided decision making for corrective actions with greater systemic impact. Finally, the proposed model represents an important technology in the search for improved social, economic and environmental sustainability of water supply systems","PeriodicalId":17594,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70337308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-05DOI: 10.4090/juee.2019.v13n1.092101
Marija Šperac, D. Obradović
The urbanization process significantly reduced the permeability of land surfaces, which affected the changes of runoff characteristics and the relations in the hydrological cycle. In urban environments, the relationships within the hydrological cycle have changed in quantity, in particular: precipitation, air temperature, evaporation, and infiltration. By applying the green infrastructure (GI) to urban environments is beneficial for the water resources and the social community. GI has an effect on the improvement of ecological, economic, and social conditions. Using GI into urban areas increases the permeability of land surfaces, whereby decreasing surface runoff, and thus the frequency of urban floods. It also has a significant influence on the regulation of air quality, water purification, climate change impact, and the changes in the appearance of the urban environment. When planning and designing the GI, it is necessary to identify the type of GI and determine the size and location of the selected GI. Since each urban environment has its own characteristics, it is necessary to analyze them before deciding on the GI. The paper analyzed meteorological parameters (precipitation, air temperature, insolation, air humidity) affecting the selection of GI types, using the specific example of an urban environment – the City of Osijek, Croatia. Significant parameters when designing GI are operation and maintenance These parameters directly affect the efficiency of GI. The proper selection of GI and its location results in maximum gains: the reduction of land surface drainage - drainage of the sewage system, purification and retention of precipitation at the place of production, the improvement of air quality, and the improvement of living conditions in urban environments
{"title":"PARAMETERS OF INTEREST FOR THE DESIGN OF GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE","authors":"Marija Šperac, D. Obradović","doi":"10.4090/juee.2019.v13n1.092101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4090/juee.2019.v13n1.092101","url":null,"abstract":"The urbanization process significantly reduced the permeability of land surfaces, which affected the changes of runoff characteristics and the relations in the hydrological cycle. In urban environments, the relationships within the hydrological cycle have changed in quantity, in particular: precipitation, air temperature, evaporation, and infiltration. By applying the green infrastructure (GI) to urban environments is beneficial for the water resources and the social community. GI has an effect on the improvement of ecological, economic, and social conditions. Using GI into urban areas increases the permeability of land surfaces, whereby decreasing surface runoff, and thus the frequency of urban floods. It also has a significant influence on the regulation of air quality, water purification, climate change impact, and the changes in the appearance of the urban environment. When planning and designing the GI, it is necessary to identify the type of GI and determine the size and location of the selected GI. Since each urban environment has its own characteristics, it is necessary to analyze them before deciding on the GI. The paper analyzed meteorological parameters (precipitation, air temperature, insolation, air humidity) affecting the selection of GI types, using the specific example of an urban environment – the City of Osijek, Croatia. Significant parameters when designing GI are operation and maintenance These parameters directly affect the efficiency of GI. The proper selection of GI and its location results in maximum gains: the reduction of land surface drainage - drainage of the sewage system, purification and retention of precipitation at the place of production, the improvement of air quality, and the improvement of living conditions in urban environments","PeriodicalId":17594,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48420746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-05DOI: 10.4090/juee.2019.v13n1.102114
C. G. R. Lima, S. Marques, J. A. Lollo, N. R. Costa, M. Carvalho
Erosive processes are major environmental problems in soils and constitute a great conservation planning challenge. The knowledge of erodibility and soil loss tolerance, as well as their interactions with physical and chemical attributes of the soil may allow an important diagnostic for sustainable management. The aim of this study was to determine soil erodibility (K) and soil loss tolerance (T) for 32 kinds of soil in the Northwest Region of São Paulo State and assess the linear and spatial correlations between these factors and physical-chemical attributes. The evaluated attributes were: textural relationship (TR), particle density (PD), bulk density (BD), total porosity (TP), macro porosity (MA), micro porosity (MI), water capacity storage (WCS), organic matter (OM) and soil pH (pH). The results showed that K factor ranged from 0.0094 to 0.0758 Mg/ ha MJ mm, while T values ranged from 3.09 to 14.79 Mg /ha year. The erodibility and loss tolerance present significant interaction with the soil physical and chemical attributes, especially with the WCS and the TR that showed the best regression adjustments. In geostatistical point of view, the erodibility and soil loss tolerance also showed considerable spatial correlations with most soil physical properties, especially interactions with the TP and the TR, allowing the best mappings using cokriging technique. Thus, simple and relatively low cost approach preliminary soil erodibility can be adopted for large areas without complexes surveys and in situ tests. As well as long term climate data series, a common situation in large areas in less developed countries.
{"title":"INTER-RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ERODIBILITY, SOIL TOLERANCE AND PYSICAL-CHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES ON NORTHWEST OF SÃO PAULO STATE","authors":"C. G. R. Lima, S. Marques, J. A. Lollo, N. R. Costa, M. Carvalho","doi":"10.4090/juee.2019.v13n1.102114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4090/juee.2019.v13n1.102114","url":null,"abstract":"Erosive processes are major environmental problems in soils and constitute a great conservation planning challenge. The knowledge of erodibility and soil loss tolerance, as well as their interactions with physical and chemical attributes of the soil may allow an important diagnostic for sustainable management. The aim of this study was to determine soil erodibility (K) and soil loss tolerance (T) for 32 kinds of soil in the Northwest Region of São Paulo State and assess the linear and spatial correlations between these factors and physical-chemical attributes. The evaluated attributes were: textural relationship (TR), particle density (PD), bulk density (BD), total porosity (TP), macro porosity (MA), micro porosity (MI), water capacity storage (WCS), organic matter (OM) and soil pH (pH). The results showed that K factor ranged from 0.0094 to 0.0758 Mg/ ha MJ mm, while T values ranged from 3.09 to 14.79 Mg /ha year. The erodibility and loss tolerance present significant interaction with the soil physical and chemical attributes, especially with the WCS and the TR that showed the best regression adjustments. In geostatistical point of view, the erodibility and soil loss tolerance also showed considerable spatial correlations with most soil physical properties, especially interactions with the TP and the TR, allowing the best mappings using cokriging technique. Thus, simple and relatively low cost approach preliminary soil erodibility can be adopted for large areas without complexes surveys and in situ tests. As well as long term climate data series, a common situation in large areas in less developed countries.","PeriodicalId":17594,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48506825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-05DOI: 10.4090/juee.2019.v13n1.069079
Ivan Julio Apolonio Callejas, M. Biudes, N. Machado, Lucia Durante, F. Lobo
Seasonality and inter-annual variation of the energy balance of natural surfaces as the effect of conversion from natural to agricultural areas has been the object of much in-depth research in South America. However, none has assessed the effect of conversion from a native to an urbanized area. Current research was performed in the city of Cuiabá, in the Cerrado-Pantanal ecotone, state of Mato Grosso, central Brazil, featuring a tropical sub-humid climate (Aw). The paper investigates the pattern of energy fluxes exchanges in the rural and urban sites located in Brazilian savannah ecosystem. The heat stored inside the urban canopy (ΔQS) and within the rural area was obtained by the Objective Hysteresis Model (OHM) and by soil flux meter, respectively. Sensible (H) and latent (LE) heat fluxes were estimated by the Bowen Ratio Energy Balance (BREB). The rural and urban sites had different patterns in the micrometeorology variables Wind speed decreased and air temperature and vapor pressure deficit increased from rural to urban site. The urbanization also modified the energy fluxes partition of urban canopy by increasing ΔQs (12%) and H (60%) and by decreasing LE (29%), with β = 2.0 in contrast of rural canopy, where the partition was ΔQs (1.5%), H (29%), LE (64%) and β = 0.45. The ΔQS, H and LE were in phase with Rn, differing from what has been reported for sites in North America and Europe.
{"title":"PATTERNS OF ENERGY EXCHANGE FOR TROPICAL URBAN AND RURAL ECOSYSTEMS LOCATED IN BRAZIL CENTRAL","authors":"Ivan Julio Apolonio Callejas, M. Biudes, N. Machado, Lucia Durante, F. Lobo","doi":"10.4090/juee.2019.v13n1.069079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4090/juee.2019.v13n1.069079","url":null,"abstract":"Seasonality and inter-annual variation of the energy balance of natural surfaces as the effect of conversion from natural to agricultural areas has been the object of much in-depth research in South America. However, none has assessed the effect of conversion from a native to an urbanized area. Current research was performed in the city of Cuiabá, in the Cerrado-Pantanal ecotone, state of Mato Grosso, central Brazil, featuring a tropical sub-humid climate (Aw). The paper investigates the pattern of energy fluxes exchanges in the rural and urban sites located in Brazilian savannah ecosystem. The heat stored inside the urban canopy (ΔQS) and within the rural area was obtained by the Objective Hysteresis Model (OHM) and by soil flux meter, respectively. Sensible (H) and latent (LE) heat fluxes were estimated by the Bowen Ratio Energy Balance (BREB). The rural and urban sites had different patterns in the micrometeorology variables Wind speed decreased and air temperature and vapor pressure deficit increased from rural to urban site. The urbanization also modified the energy fluxes partition of urban canopy by increasing ΔQs (12%) and H (60%) and by decreasing LE (29%), with β = 2.0 in contrast of rural canopy, where the partition was ΔQs (1.5%), H (29%), LE (64%) and β = 0.45. The ΔQS, H and LE were in phase with Rn, differing from what has been reported for sites in North America and Europe.","PeriodicalId":17594,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42207732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-05DOI: 10.4090/juee.2019.v13n1.163173
S. Malutta, Jhonathan Cristian Pscheidt, T. G. Neto, S. Klein, N. B. Bonumà, P. Chaffe, M. Kobiyama
There are several empirical and theoretical formulas used for the estimation of the time of concentration (Tc). However, it has been shown that the Tc estimation may vary in several orders of magnitude depending on the method. In this study we compare 10 different methods for the estimation of the Tc using sub-basins and backwater effects to analyze those results. We also analyzed if the vegetation removal changes the Tc in the basin. The study area is the basin of the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC) campus in Joinville with a significant part in a wetland and there is backwater effect caused by the Piraí river. Applying the empirical and theoretical equations found a significant variation of Tc estimates, the standard deviation in relation to the general average was around 65%. The influence of vegetation removal and drainage of a canal had an effect of reducing the Tc by 50%.
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