Pub Date : 2021-01-25DOI: 10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-09
Nik Madihah Nik Azis, Lai Peng Chan, Yi Ying Lok, Dalia Abdullah, B. Baharin
Introduction Measuring the effectiveness of a dental curriculum as reflected by the competencies of the graduates is paramount in ensuring the curriculum remains relevant in the rapidly evolving field of dentistry. We aimed to assess the competencies of dental graduates of Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) as perceived by the graduates and their employers, based on the core competencies listed in the UKM undergraduate dental curriculum. Methods A self-administered questionnaire consisting of 43 questions based on eight domains of competencies were sent to all UKM dental graduates of years 2012 to 2015 as well as senior dental officers who represented their employers. Findings 132 out of 177 graduates (75%) and 18 out of 33 employers (55%) responded. Most graduates felt competent in gathering information and all employers agreed that the graduates were competent with this skill. Out of the eight domains, only community based domain was collectively rated ‘poor’ by the employers while the rest of the domains had an ‘excellent’ rating by both the graduates and their employers. However, based on the individual skill, basic life support skill was rated very low for both groups (38.6% graduates and 23.5% employers). The employers underrated the graduates in the domain of treatment and prevention, community-based, management and administrative, and communication. Significance The findings of this study allow an evaluation of the curriculum in a myriad of angles. Although the graduates reported a good level of competency in most domains, the employers were reserved on the community-based skills. This needs to be addressed in order to improve the undergraduate program.
{"title":"Graduates’ and Employers’ Perceptions on Competencies Obtained from An Undergraduate Dental Curriculum","authors":"Nik Madihah Nik Azis, Lai Peng Chan, Yi Ying Lok, Dalia Abdullah, B. Baharin","doi":"10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-09","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Measuring the effectiveness of a dental curriculum as reflected by the competencies of the graduates is paramount in ensuring the curriculum remains relevant in the rapidly evolving field of dentistry. We aimed to assess the competencies of dental graduates of Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) as perceived by the graduates and their employers, based on the core competencies listed in the UKM undergraduate dental curriculum. Methods A self-administered questionnaire consisting of 43 questions based on eight domains of competencies were sent to all UKM dental graduates of years 2012 to 2015 as well as senior dental officers who represented their employers. Findings 132 out of 177 graduates (75%) and 18 out of 33 employers (55%) responded. Most graduates felt competent in gathering information and all employers agreed that the graduates were competent with this skill. Out of the eight domains, only community based domain was collectively rated ‘poor’ by the employers while the rest of the domains had an ‘excellent’ rating by both the graduates and their employers. However, based on the individual skill, basic life support skill was rated very low for both groups (38.6% graduates and 23.5% employers). The employers underrated the graduates in the domain of treatment and prevention, community-based, management and administrative, and communication. Significance The findings of this study allow an evaluation of the curriculum in a myriad of angles. Although the graduates reported a good level of competency in most domains, the employers were reserved on the community-based skills. This needs to be addressed in order to improve the undergraduate program.","PeriodicalId":17686,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43327512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-25DOI: 10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-19
Nurul Anisah Jaafar, N. Nordin, S. Aljunid
Kanak – kanak kurang upaya memerlukan pemulihan yang komprehensif dan berterusan. Pusat Pemulihan dalm Komuniti (PDK) telah dibina untuk memenuhi keperluan ini dan telah memberi manfaat kepada semua peringkat umur dalam kalangan masyarakat bandar dan luar bandar. Di Malaysia, kerajaan telah membiayai sebahagian besar pemulihan kanak – kanak kurang upaya di PDK. Walau bagaimanapun, setakat ini kajian mengenai keberhasilan PDK untuk kanak – kanak kurang upaya di negara ini amat terhad. Kajian ini bertujuan menentukan keberhasilan program pemulihan serta mengenalpasti faktor-faktor yang berkaitan dengannya dalam kalangan kanak-kanak kurang upaya di PDK. Sejumlah 220 orang kanak – kanak kurang upaya berumur 4 hingga 18 tahun dan 220 penjaga daripada 29 pusat PDK di Pahang, Terengganu dan Kelantan telah menyertai kajian. Keberhasilan program ditentukan dari aspek perubahan tahap keupayaan dalam aktiviti harian menggunakan Indeks Barthel selepas 6 bulan menjalani PDK. Faktor berkait yang dikaji ialah umur, jenis kurang upaya, skor asas Indeks Barthel, jenis program yang diikuti dan kekerapan kehadiran ke sesi terapi. Hasil kajian menunjukkan terdapat peningkatan kecil dalam Indeks Barthel, min perubahan ± SP bersamaan 0.90 ± 4.54 (p=0.003) selepas pemulihan. Tahap kehadiran ke sesi terapi adalah rendah iaitu < 50% menunjukkan kehadiran tiga perempat atau penuh dari keseluruhan sesi terapi yang ditawarkan. Semua faktor yang dikaji didapati tidak mempunyai kaitan dengan perubahan skor Indeks Barthel (p>0.05) kecuali jenis program yang diikuti (r=0.14, p=0.03). Sebagai kesimpulan, keberhasilan pemulihan yang diperolehi melalui PDK amat kecil bagi tempoh latihan yang dijalani. Implementasi program perlu dinilai dan ditambahbaik bagi meningkatkan manfaatnya terhadap kanak-kanak kurang upaya.
{"title":"Outcome of Community-based Rehabilitation and its Associated Factors among Children with Disability in East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia","authors":"Nurul Anisah Jaafar, N. Nordin, S. Aljunid","doi":"10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-19","url":null,"abstract":"Kanak – kanak kurang upaya memerlukan pemulihan yang komprehensif dan berterusan. Pusat Pemulihan dalm Komuniti (PDK) telah dibina untuk memenuhi keperluan ini dan telah memberi manfaat kepada semua peringkat umur dalam kalangan masyarakat bandar dan luar bandar. Di Malaysia, kerajaan telah membiayai sebahagian besar pemulihan kanak – kanak kurang upaya di PDK. Walau bagaimanapun, setakat ini kajian mengenai keberhasilan PDK untuk kanak – kanak kurang upaya di negara ini amat terhad. Kajian ini bertujuan menentukan keberhasilan program pemulihan serta mengenalpasti faktor-faktor yang berkaitan dengannya dalam kalangan kanak-kanak kurang upaya di PDK. Sejumlah 220 orang kanak – kanak kurang upaya berumur 4 hingga 18 tahun dan 220 penjaga daripada 29 pusat PDK di Pahang, Terengganu dan Kelantan telah menyertai kajian. Keberhasilan program ditentukan dari aspek perubahan tahap keupayaan dalam aktiviti harian menggunakan Indeks Barthel selepas 6 bulan menjalani PDK. Faktor berkait yang dikaji ialah umur, jenis kurang upaya, skor asas Indeks Barthel, jenis program yang diikuti dan kekerapan kehadiran ke sesi terapi. Hasil kajian menunjukkan terdapat peningkatan kecil dalam Indeks Barthel, min perubahan ± SP bersamaan 0.90 ± 4.54 (p=0.003) selepas pemulihan. Tahap kehadiran ke sesi terapi adalah rendah iaitu < 50% menunjukkan kehadiran tiga perempat atau penuh dari keseluruhan sesi terapi yang ditawarkan. Semua faktor yang dikaji didapati tidak mempunyai kaitan dengan perubahan skor Indeks Barthel (p>0.05) kecuali jenis program yang diikuti (r=0.14, p=0.03). Sebagai kesimpulan, keberhasilan pemulihan yang diperolehi melalui PDK amat kecil bagi tempoh latihan yang dijalani. Implementasi program perlu dinilai dan ditambahbaik bagi meningkatkan manfaatnya terhadap kanak-kanak kurang upaya.","PeriodicalId":17686,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43976744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-25DOI: 10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-04
Umi Kalsom Jamaludin, Gina Francesca Gabriel, N. Hamzah
Lip print is useful in forensic investigations for individual identification. The present study aimed to discriminate sex based on lip print patterns in Malaysian Malay population in Klang Valley using a scanning technique. Lip prints of 360 subjects (180 males and 180 females) were taken using the lipstick-cellophane tape technique, pasted onto A4 papers. These papers were then scanned using Brother DCP-J100 printer (300dpi resolution). The images were analysed using a software based on Suzuki and Tsuchihashi’s classification. The lip print images were divided into six sections which are upper left, upper middle, upper right, lower right, lower middle and lower left. The Pearson chi-square test showed that there are significant differences between sexes in each section except for the upper middle section. In males, type V (irregular pattern) was the dominant pattern for upper left, upper right, lower right and lower left sections (ranging from 71.1% to 86.7%) while type IV (reticular pattern) was dominant at upper and middle sections (ranging from 57.2% to 66.1%). Type IV (48.3%) was dominant in upper middle section for female, while for the rest of the sections, type V was the dominant lip print pattern (ranging from 40% to 82.8%). These results showed that sex discrimination between males and females in Malaysian Malay population, Klang Valley can be suggested for identification in forensic investigation.
{"title":"Digital Approach for Lip Prints Analysis in Malaysian Malay population (Klang Valley): Scanning Technique","authors":"Umi Kalsom Jamaludin, Gina Francesca Gabriel, N. Hamzah","doi":"10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-04","url":null,"abstract":"Lip print is useful in forensic investigations for individual identification. The present study aimed to discriminate sex based on lip print patterns in Malaysian Malay population in Klang Valley using a scanning technique. Lip prints of 360 subjects (180 males and 180 females) were taken using the lipstick-cellophane tape technique, pasted onto A4 papers. These papers were then scanned using Brother DCP-J100 printer (300dpi resolution). The images were analysed using a software based on Suzuki and Tsuchihashi’s classification. The lip print images were divided into six sections which are upper left, upper middle, upper right, lower right, lower middle and lower left. The Pearson chi-square test showed that there are significant differences between sexes in each section except for the upper middle section. In males, type V (irregular pattern) was the dominant pattern for upper left, upper right, lower right and lower left sections (ranging from 71.1% to 86.7%) while type IV (reticular pattern) was dominant at upper and middle sections (ranging from 57.2% to 66.1%). Type IV (48.3%) was dominant in upper middle section for female, while for the rest of the sections, type V was the dominant lip print pattern (ranging from 40% to 82.8%). These results showed that sex discrimination between males and females in Malaysian Malay population, Klang Valley can be suggested for identification in forensic investigation.","PeriodicalId":17686,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41456918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-25DOI: 10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-15
S. Tan
Literature has consistently reported that horticultural wastes including leaves, skin, stones and seeds contain substantial amounts of bioactive compounds. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate antioxidant activity, Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and colour parameters in avocado, banana, and papaya leaves. Antioxidant activity of the leaves was determined using Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) and DPPH radical scavenging assays, whereas TPC was evaluated using Folin-Ciocalteu assay. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 25 of triplicate determinations. Mean differences among the fruit leaves extracts were determined using One way-ANOVA, while the correlations between the studied components were by the Pearson's Correlation Coefficient Test. The colour of the extracts was determined using a colour picker software. The TEAC values were in the range of 332.30 ± 18.04 µg Trolox/g D.W. (avocado leaves) to 12217.71 ± 18.04 µg Trolox/g D.W. (banana leaves) while the DPPH radical scavenging activity was from 10.07 ± 3.89% (banana leaves) to 86.70 ± 0.26 % (avocado leaves). Besides, TPC was from 871.33 ± 38.35 µg GAE/g D.W. (papaya leaves) to 1199.08 ± 6.00 µg GAE/g D.W. (avocado leaves). The hue values were from 19º in avocado leaves extract to 37º in banana leaves extract. Results from Pearson's Correlation Coefficient Test revealed that there were no significant correlations between the studied assays. Avocado leaves had the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity and TPC among the three extracts. Findings derived from the present study could be exploited in nutraceuticals formulation.
{"title":"Antioxidant Activities, Total Phenolic Content and Colour Parameters in the Aqueous Extracts of Avocado, Banana and Papaya Leaves","authors":"S. Tan","doi":"10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-15","url":null,"abstract":"Literature has consistently reported that horticultural wastes including leaves, skin, stones and seeds contain substantial amounts of bioactive compounds. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate antioxidant activity, Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and colour parameters in avocado, banana, and papaya leaves. Antioxidant activity of the leaves was determined using Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) and DPPH radical scavenging assays, whereas TPC was evaluated using Folin-Ciocalteu assay. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 25 of triplicate determinations. Mean differences among the fruit leaves extracts were determined using One way-ANOVA, while the correlations between the studied components were by the Pearson's Correlation Coefficient Test. The colour of the extracts was determined using a colour picker software. The TEAC values were in the range of 332.30 ± 18.04 µg Trolox/g D.W. (avocado leaves) to 12217.71 ± 18.04 µg Trolox/g D.W. (banana leaves) while the DPPH radical scavenging activity was from 10.07 ± 3.89% (banana leaves) to 86.70 ± 0.26 % (avocado leaves). Besides, TPC was from 871.33 ± 38.35 µg GAE/g D.W. (papaya leaves) to 1199.08 ± 6.00 µg GAE/g D.W. (avocado leaves). The hue values were from 19º in avocado leaves extract to 37º in banana leaves extract. Results from Pearson's Correlation Coefficient Test revealed that there were no significant correlations between the studied assays. Avocado leaves had the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity and TPC among the three extracts. Findings derived from the present study could be exploited in nutraceuticals formulation.","PeriodicalId":17686,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45931795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-25DOI: 10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-10
Nur Khairunisa Abu Talip, Zulkifli Abdul Kadir, Zulkifli Ismail, Shahren Ahmad Zaidi Adruce, D. S. Suhaili
Exercise selection is one of the crucial factors in designing a comprehensive training program. The exposure of different exercise selection may stimulate the specific adaptation imposed demand. In the construction of any resistance training (RT) program, it is important to choose whether to apply bilaterally (BI) or unilaterally (UNI) exercise. The present study aimed to look into the physiological responses of blood glucose (BG) between UNI and BI RT. The quantitative research method was used, RT (UNI versus BI training) as the independent variables whereas BG set as the dependent variable. In order to measure training effects following a single bout of different training intervention (UNI versus BI), a crossover experimental pre and post-test design were implemented. A total of sixteen (n = 16) trained women with a mean age of 23 (SD = 1.35) years old went through a single bout of RT involved a total body exercise using major muscles group with 80% of 1RM for each protocol (UNI and BI) for 10 repetitions to maximal effort (for 3 sets). Crossover design would be more accurate in exposing different training protocol to a similar characteristic of individuals as compared using different individuals. The results revealed that blood glucose (BG) was statistically changed (p < .001) across times, and finding shows there is no difference between training protocols (p = .39). Based on the results, it would be interesting to observe the blood glucose and/or energy metabolism between UNI versus BI RT during exercise as well as to investigate the relationship between BG and calories expenditure during exercises. Future research on UNI versus BI RT could venture onto other populations such as the untrained women, men population, elderly and specific population such as diabetic population in order to further understand the physiology of human body responded towards exercise. Other types of hormones analysis including insulin, growth hormone, and cortisol can be included. Besides, future research should consider a long run study that involves chronic adaptation of RT on the human body in order to prevent and alleviate disease.
{"title":"Blood Glucose Response to Unilateral and Bilateral Resistance Training Among Trained Women","authors":"Nur Khairunisa Abu Talip, Zulkifli Abdul Kadir, Zulkifli Ismail, Shahren Ahmad Zaidi Adruce, D. S. Suhaili","doi":"10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-10","url":null,"abstract":"Exercise selection is one of the crucial factors in designing a comprehensive training program. The exposure of different exercise selection may stimulate the specific adaptation imposed demand. In the construction of any resistance training (RT) program, it is important to choose whether to apply bilaterally (BI) or unilaterally (UNI) exercise. The present study aimed to look into the physiological responses of blood glucose (BG) between UNI and BI RT. The quantitative research method was used, RT (UNI versus BI training) as the independent variables whereas BG set as the dependent variable. In order to measure training effects following a single bout of different training intervention (UNI versus BI), a crossover experimental pre and post-test design were implemented. A total of sixteen (n = 16) trained women with a mean age of 23 (SD = 1.35) years old went through a single bout of RT involved a total body exercise using major muscles group with 80% of 1RM for each protocol (UNI and BI) for 10 repetitions to maximal effort (for 3 sets). Crossover design would be more accurate in exposing different training protocol to a similar characteristic of individuals as compared using different individuals. The results revealed that blood glucose (BG) was statistically changed (p < .001) across times, and finding shows there is no difference between training protocols (p = .39). Based on the results, it would be interesting to observe the blood glucose and/or energy metabolism between UNI versus BI RT during exercise as well as to investigate the relationship between BG and calories expenditure during exercises. Future research on UNI versus BI RT could venture onto other populations such as the untrained women, men population, elderly and specific population such as diabetic population in order to further understand the physiology of human body responded towards exercise. Other types of hormones analysis including insulin, growth hormone, and cortisol can be included. Besides, future research should consider a long run study that involves chronic adaptation of RT on the human body in order to prevent and alleviate disease.","PeriodicalId":17686,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42174510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-25DOI: 10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-08
L. Noordin, Nurul Syahida Ramli, N. Bakar, W. Ahmad
Syzygium polyanthum is traditionally used as anti-hypertensive agent. However, the nephroprotective effects of S. polyanthum against hypertensive induced chronic kidney disease has yet to be elucidated. This study was conducted to determine the antioxidant properties and nephroprotective effects of aqueous extract of S. polyanthum (AESP) in the spontaneous hypertensive rat model (SHR). The phytochemical constituent was identified using the phytochemical screening and HPLC methods. The in vitro antioxidant activities were determined by DPPH radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Fifty male SHR were equally divided into 5 groups, (n=10/group); Untreated-SHR, 20 mg/kg Losartan-treated SHR, 1500 mg/kg AESP treated SHR, 1750 mg/kg AESP treated SHR and 2250 mg/kg AESP treated SHR, while 10 male Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) were used as control. Losartan and AESP were administered by oral gavage. Rats were sacrificed after 12 weeks of experiment. The phytochemicals include phenolics, flavonoids and alkaloids were identified. AESP has high antioxidant activity as shown by antioxidant assays. AESP normalised systolic blood pressure (p<0.05) and significantly improved renal function (p<0.05). AESP also significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) (p<0.05) and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in the serum as compared to untreated-SHR group (p<0.05). Ultrastructure of renal damage improved by supplementation of AESP. Conclusively, S. polyanthum is potential to alleviate hypertensive induced chronic kidney disease through its antioxidant properties.
{"title":"Syzygium polyanthum Protects Against Hypertensive Induced Kidney Damage in Spontaneous Hypertensive Rat Model","authors":"L. Noordin, Nurul Syahida Ramli, N. Bakar, W. Ahmad","doi":"10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-08","url":null,"abstract":"Syzygium polyanthum is traditionally used as anti-hypertensive agent. However, the nephroprotective effects of S. polyanthum against hypertensive induced chronic kidney disease has yet to be elucidated. This study was conducted to determine the antioxidant properties and nephroprotective effects of aqueous extract of S. polyanthum (AESP) in the spontaneous hypertensive rat model (SHR). The phytochemical constituent was identified using the phytochemical screening and HPLC methods. The in vitro antioxidant activities were determined by DPPH radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Fifty male SHR were equally divided into 5 groups, (n=10/group); Untreated-SHR, 20 mg/kg Losartan-treated SHR, 1500 mg/kg AESP treated SHR, 1750 mg/kg AESP treated SHR and 2250 mg/kg AESP treated SHR, while 10 male Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) were used as control. Losartan and AESP were administered by oral gavage. Rats were sacrificed after 12 weeks of experiment. The phytochemicals include phenolics, flavonoids and alkaloids were identified. AESP has high antioxidant activity as shown by antioxidant assays. AESP normalised systolic blood pressure (p<0.05) and significantly improved renal function (p<0.05). AESP also significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) (p<0.05) and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in the serum as compared to untreated-SHR group (p<0.05). Ultrastructure of renal damage improved by supplementation of AESP. Conclusively, S. polyanthum is potential to alleviate hypertensive induced chronic kidney disease through its antioxidant properties.","PeriodicalId":17686,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46221769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-25DOI: 10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-12
N. Norsuddin, Nurfadhilah Idris
OBJEKTIF: Kajian ini dilakukan untuk mengenalpasti kategori densiti payudara yang mempunyai kebarangkalian tinggi untuk menyebabkan kanser payudara tidak dikesan atau disalah diagnosis. METODOLOGI: Kelulusan etika menjalankan penyelidikan telah diperolehi daripada Jawatankuasa Etika Penyelidikan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Sebanyak 495 kes mamografi telah dipilih dari Jabatan Radiologi, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Semua kes mamografi telah diasingkan kepada 4 kumpulan diagnosis iaitu negative benar, positif benar, positif palsu dan negatif palsu. Kemudian, setiap kes mamografi dibahagikan mengikut empat kategori densiti payudara BI-RADS (I, II, III, IV). Analisis kebarangkalian risiko (odd ratio) setiap kategori densiti payudara dengan keputusan positif palsu dan negatif palsu dilakukan dengan menggunakan ujian regresi logistik. HASIL KAJIAN: Kebarangkalian imej mamografi dalam kategori densiti BI-RAD IV didiagnosis sebagai positif palsu adalah emapt kali ganda berbanding imej mamografi dalam kategori densiti BI-RAD I (odd ratio [OR], 4.27; 95% CI,0.88- 20.67). Manakala, imej mamografi yang mempunyai densiti BI-RAD II dan BI-RAD III mempunyai hampir dua kali ganda kemungkinan didiagnosis sebagai negatif palsu berbanding wanita berdensiti BI-RAD I (odd ratio [OR], 1.59, 1.32; 95% CI, 0.29-8.77, 0.25-7.01). KESIMPULAN: Densiti payudara dalam mamografi mempengaruhi keputusan diagnosis pakar radiologi dalam pengesanan kanser payudara. Kes mamografi yang mempunyai densiti BI-RAD IV lebih cenderung disalah diagnosis. Manakala pengesanan kanser dalam payudara berdensiti BI-RAD II dan BI-RAD III lebih berisiko untuk tidak dikesan. Penelitian yang lebih perlu diberikan dalam mentafsir imej mamografi berdensiti BI-RAD II, III dan IV bagi mengelakkan kanser disalah diagnosis atau tidak dikesan di peringkat awal. Pengesanan awal kanser payudara dapat meningkatkan kemandirian pesakit kanser.
{"title":"The Impact of Breast Density on Breast Cancer Detection","authors":"N. Norsuddin, Nurfadhilah Idris","doi":"10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-12","url":null,"abstract":"OBJEKTIF: Kajian ini dilakukan untuk mengenalpasti kategori densiti payudara yang mempunyai kebarangkalian tinggi untuk menyebabkan kanser payudara tidak dikesan atau disalah diagnosis. METODOLOGI: Kelulusan etika menjalankan penyelidikan telah diperolehi daripada Jawatankuasa Etika Penyelidikan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Sebanyak 495 kes mamografi telah dipilih dari Jabatan Radiologi, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Semua kes mamografi telah diasingkan kepada 4 kumpulan diagnosis iaitu negative benar, positif benar, positif palsu dan negatif palsu. Kemudian, setiap kes mamografi dibahagikan mengikut empat kategori densiti payudara BI-RADS (I, II, III, IV). Analisis kebarangkalian risiko (odd ratio) setiap kategori densiti payudara dengan keputusan positif palsu dan negatif palsu dilakukan dengan menggunakan ujian regresi logistik. HASIL KAJIAN: Kebarangkalian imej mamografi dalam kategori densiti BI-RAD IV didiagnosis sebagai positif palsu adalah emapt kali ganda berbanding imej mamografi dalam kategori densiti BI-RAD I (odd ratio [OR], 4.27; 95% CI,0.88- 20.67). Manakala, imej mamografi yang mempunyai densiti BI-RAD II dan BI-RAD III mempunyai hampir dua kali ganda kemungkinan didiagnosis sebagai negatif palsu berbanding wanita berdensiti BI-RAD I (odd ratio [OR], 1.59, 1.32; 95% CI, 0.29-8.77, 0.25-7.01). KESIMPULAN: Densiti payudara dalam mamografi mempengaruhi keputusan diagnosis pakar radiologi dalam pengesanan kanser payudara. Kes mamografi yang mempunyai densiti BI-RAD IV lebih cenderung disalah diagnosis. Manakala pengesanan kanser dalam payudara berdensiti BI-RAD II dan BI-RAD III lebih berisiko untuk tidak dikesan. Penelitian yang lebih perlu diberikan dalam mentafsir imej mamografi berdensiti BI-RAD II, III dan IV bagi mengelakkan kanser disalah diagnosis atau tidak dikesan di peringkat awal. Pengesanan awal kanser payudara dapat meningkatkan kemandirian pesakit kanser.","PeriodicalId":17686,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47850167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-25DOI: 10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-14
N. Ismail
Background: Sufficient intake of macronutrients and micronutrients are essential for child growth. Many children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) however are reported to be picky eaters which may lead to malnourishment. As diet and behaviour are importantly interconnected, this study aims to determine the level of knowledge on nutrition among parents and special educators of children with ASD. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a National Autism Centre in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from May to August 2018. A 37-item questionnaire was self-administered to the respondents who attended a series of training of trainers’ sessions. The data was collected and analysed descriptively. A total of 209 respondents participated with 153 parents and 56 special educators of children with ASD. Results: Only 37.9% of the parents agreed that their children’s diet contains balanced nutrition. Majority of the parents and special educators had the perception that sugar, junk food and gluten are bad for the children, but they were still given due to the accessibility and convenience. Conclusion: The low level of knowledge among parents and special educators about the nutrition of children with ASD indicates that a measure should be taken to increase awareness and to overcome the malnutrition among ASD children.
{"title":"Knowledge of Special Nutrition for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Parents and Special Educators in Malaysia","authors":"N. Ismail","doi":"10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-14","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sufficient intake of macronutrients and micronutrients are essential for child growth. Many children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) however are reported to be picky eaters which may lead to malnourishment. As diet and behaviour are importantly interconnected, this study aims to determine the level of knowledge on nutrition among parents and special educators of children with ASD. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a National Autism Centre in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from May to August 2018. A 37-item questionnaire was self-administered to the respondents who attended a series of training of trainers’ sessions. The data was collected and analysed descriptively. A total of 209 respondents participated with 153 parents and 56 special educators of children with ASD. Results: Only 37.9% of the parents agreed that their children’s diet contains balanced nutrition. Majority of the parents and special educators had the perception that sugar, junk food and gluten are bad for the children, but they were still given due to the accessibility and convenience. Conclusion: The low level of knowledge among parents and special educators about the nutrition of children with ASD indicates that a measure should be taken to increase awareness and to overcome the malnutrition among ASD children.","PeriodicalId":17686,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46646441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.17576/jskm-2020-1802-06
S. Shamsul, A. Sabarudin, H. Abdul Hamid, N. Abu Bakar, M. Oteh, Muhammad Khalis Abdul Karim
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the image quality and diagnostic accuracy of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) using 640-slice scanner. Advancement of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) technology with higher spatial, temporal resolution, and increasing detector array have improved the image quality and diagnostic accuracy of CCTA. A total of 25 patients (12 men and 13 women) underwent CCTA was chosen and data was acquired by 640-slice scanner. All 16 segments of coronary arteries were evaluated by two reviewers using a 4-likert scale for qualitative assessment. In quantitative assessment, the evaluation of 4 main coronary arteries were analysed in terms of signal intensity (SI), image noise, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). All 25 patients with a mean age of 52.88 ± 14.75 years old and body mass index (BMI) of 24.24 ± 3.28 kg/m 2 were analysed. In qualitative assessment, from the total of 400 segments, 379 segments (95 %) have diagnostic value while 21 segments do not have diagnostic value, which means 5 % artefact was detected. In quantitative assessment, there was no statistical differences in gender, race, and BMI ( p >0.05). Overall evaluation showed that higher SI at the left main artery (LM) at 393.7 ± 47.19. Image noise was higher at right coronary artery (RCA) at 39.01 ± 13.97. SNR and CNR showed higher at left anterior descending (LAD) with 12.73 ± 5.17 and LM 9.14 ± 4.2, respectively. In conclusion, this study indicates that 640-slice MDCT has higher diagnostic value in CCTA examination with 95 % vessel visibility with 5 % artefact detection. Keywords: CCTA, 640-slice scanner, coronary arteries, MDCT DOI: https://doi.org/10.17576/jskm-2020-1802-06
{"title":"Image Quality of Coronary CT Angiography (CCTA) using 640-slice Scanner: Qualitative and Quantitative Assessments of Coronary Arteries Visibility","authors":"S. Shamsul, A. Sabarudin, H. Abdul Hamid, N. Abu Bakar, M. Oteh, Muhammad Khalis Abdul Karim","doi":"10.17576/jskm-2020-1802-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jskm-2020-1802-06","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to evaluate the image quality and diagnostic accuracy of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) using 640-slice scanner. Advancement of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) technology with higher spatial, temporal resolution, and increasing detector array have improved the image quality and diagnostic accuracy of CCTA. A total of 25 patients (12 men and 13 women) underwent CCTA was chosen and data was acquired by 640-slice scanner. All 16 segments of coronary arteries were evaluated by two reviewers using a 4-likert scale for qualitative assessment. In quantitative assessment, the evaluation of 4 main coronary arteries were analysed in terms of signal intensity (SI), image noise, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). All 25 patients with a mean age of 52.88 ± 14.75 years old and body mass index (BMI) of 24.24 ± 3.28 kg/m 2 were analysed. In qualitative assessment, from the total of 400 segments, 379 segments (95 %) have diagnostic value while 21 segments do not have diagnostic value, which means 5 % artefact was detected. In quantitative assessment, there was no statistical differences in gender, race, and BMI ( p >0.05). Overall evaluation showed that higher SI at the left main artery (LM) at 393.7 ± 47.19. Image noise was higher at right coronary artery (RCA) at 39.01 ± 13.97. SNR and CNR showed higher at left anterior descending (LAD) with 12.73 ± 5.17 and LM 9.14 ± 4.2, respectively. In conclusion, this study indicates that 640-slice MDCT has higher diagnostic value in CCTA examination with 95 % vessel visibility with 5 % artefact detection. Keywords: CCTA, 640-slice scanner, coronary arteries, MDCT DOI: https://doi.org/10.17576/jskm-2020-1802-06","PeriodicalId":17686,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43123762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.17576/jskm-2020-1802-01
I. Saputra, S. Aljunid, A. M. Nur
The objective of this study is to examine the impact of the casemix reimbursement on the hospital revenue three selected hospitals (Type B, C and D) reimbursed using 602 INA-CBG groups from 17,547 cases. The results of the study showed that the hospitals received 32.4% higher income when reimbursed with INA-CBG as compared to fee-for-service. Type D hospitals is the biggest gainer with 81.0% increased in income followed by Type B hospital that obtained 34.7% higher revenue. In conclusion, the use of INA-CBG as a prospective payment method has benefitted the hospitals by the increase in the revenues. It is hope that additional resources gained in this programme will allow the hospitals to provide optimum care to the population. It is recommended that the JKA management will use the INA-CBG casemix data to monitor the performance of the hospitals to ensure that quality and efficiency of the services provided to the population is continuously maintained. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17576/jskm-2020-1802-01
{"title":"The Impact of Casemix Reimbursement on Hospital Revenue in Indonesia","authors":"I. Saputra, S. Aljunid, A. M. Nur","doi":"10.17576/jskm-2020-1802-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jskm-2020-1802-01","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study is to examine the impact of the casemix reimbursement on the hospital revenue three selected hospitals (Type B, C and D) reimbursed using 602 INA-CBG groups from 17,547 cases. The results of the study showed that the hospitals received 32.4% higher income when reimbursed with INA-CBG as compared to fee-for-service. Type D hospitals is the biggest gainer with 81.0% increased in income followed by Type B hospital that obtained 34.7% higher revenue. In conclusion, the use of INA-CBG as a prospective payment method has benefitted the hospitals by the increase in the revenues. It is hope that additional resources gained in this programme will allow the hospitals to provide optimum care to the population. It is recommended that the JKA management will use the INA-CBG casemix data to monitor the performance of the hospitals to ensure that quality and efficiency of the services provided to the population is continuously maintained. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17576/jskm-2020-1802-01","PeriodicalId":17686,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47351312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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