Pub Date : 2021-01-26DOI: 10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-03
Chong Jia Wearn, N. C. Din, J. Joseph
A Narrative Review on Biopsychosocial Predictors of Cognitive Impairment among Multiple Sclerosis Patients: Directions for Malaysia Studies Chong Jia Wearn 1 , Normah Che Din 1 , Joyce Pauline Joseph 2 1 Health Psychology Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 2 Neurology Department, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, 50586 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Abstract Cognitive impairment is the most disabling symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Researchers have been studying factors that could predict cognitive impairment among MS patients hoping to alleviate its consequences and gather indicators of the disease progression. However, there were limited up-to-date articles that review the predictors of cognitive impairment among MS patients. In Malaysia, the topic about cognitive functioning in MS was absent. This review aims to identify and synthesize the research evidence concerning biopsychosocial variables on cognitive impairment among this population for future directions in Malaysia researches. A narrative review was performed by identifying research articles from year 2004 to 2019 through PubMed, EBSCOhost, Scopus and Google Scholar. Full-text articles meeting the selection criteria were included for qualitative synthesis. A total of 12 studies were included. Studies included in this paper found that age, course of disease and anxiety predicts cognitive functioning. Mixed results were found among variables such as gender, disability, fatigue, burden of lesion, depression and educational level. Stress was correlated with cognitive functioning but it was not a significant predictor. Although many factors were found to affect cognitive functioning among MS patients, evidence provided from this review indicates that their relationships might not be linear and direct. Keywords : predictors, cognitive impairment, multiple sclerosis, Malaysia DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-03
多发性硬化症患者认知障碍的生物心理社会预测因素的叙述性综述：马来西亚研究方向Chong Jia Wearn 1，Norah Che Din 1，Joyce Pauline Joseph 2 1健康心理学项目，马来西亚Kebangsaan大学健康科学学院，Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz，50300，马来西亚吉隆坡。2马来西亚吉隆坡医院神经内科，邮编50586。摘要认知障碍是多发性硬化症最常见的致残症状。研究人员一直在研究可以预测多发性硬化症患者认知障碍的因素，希望减轻其后果，并收集疾病进展的指标。然而，综述多发性硬化症患者认知障碍预测因素的最新文章有限。在马来西亚，没有关于多发性硬化症认知功能的专题。本综述旨在确定和综合有关该人群认知障碍的生物心理社会变量的研究证据，为马来西亚未来的研究方向提供参考。通过PubMed、EBSCOhost、Scopus和Google Scholar对2004年至2019年的研究文章进行了叙述性综述。符合筛选标准的全文文章被纳入定性综合。共纳入12项研究。这篇论文中的研究发现，年龄、病程和焦虑可以预测认知功能。性别、残疾、疲劳、病变负担、抑郁和教育水平等变量的结果参差不齐。压力与认知功能相关，但不是一个重要的预测因素。尽管发现许多因素会影响多发性硬化症患者的认知功能，但本综述提供的证据表明，它们之间的关系可能不是线性和直接的。关键词：预测因素，认知障碍，多发性硬化症，马来西亚DOI：http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-03
{"title":"A Narrative Review on Biopsychosocial Predictors of Cognitive Impairment among Multiple Sclerosis Patients: Directions for Malaysia Studies","authors":"Chong Jia Wearn, N. C. Din, J. Joseph","doi":"10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-03","url":null,"abstract":"A Narrative Review on Biopsychosocial Predictors of Cognitive Impairment among Multiple Sclerosis Patients: Directions for Malaysia Studies Chong Jia Wearn 1 , Normah Che Din 1 , Joyce Pauline Joseph 2 1 Health Psychology Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 2 Neurology Department, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, 50586 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Abstract Cognitive impairment is the most disabling symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Researchers have been studying factors that could predict cognitive impairment among MS patients hoping to alleviate its consequences and gather indicators of the disease progression. However, there were limited up-to-date articles that review the predictors of cognitive impairment among MS patients. In Malaysia, the topic about cognitive functioning in MS was absent. This review aims to identify and synthesize the research evidence concerning biopsychosocial variables on cognitive impairment among this population for future directions in Malaysia researches. A narrative review was performed by identifying research articles from year 2004 to 2019 through PubMed, EBSCOhost, Scopus and Google Scholar. Full-text articles meeting the selection criteria were included for qualitative synthesis. A total of 12 studies were included. Studies included in this paper found that age, course of disease and anxiety predicts cognitive functioning. Mixed results were found among variables such as gender, disability, fatigue, burden of lesion, depression and educational level. Stress was correlated with cognitive functioning but it was not a significant predictor. Although many factors were found to affect cognitive functioning among MS patients, evidence provided from this review indicates that their relationships might not be linear and direct. Keywords : predictors, cognitive impairment, multiple sclerosis, Malaysia DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-03","PeriodicalId":17686,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42082206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-26DOI: 10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-11
Rus Dina Rus Din, S. Ishar, Hemananthini Naganathan
Soil sample is one of the important evidence that can be found in crime scene. Unknown soil sample can be analysed and compared with reference sample in order to determine the origin as its physical and chemical components possess unique characteristics. The purpose of this study is to determine the physical and chemical characteristics of soil from oil palm plantations in Perak, Malaysia to assist forensic investigation. Total of 97 topsoil samples were collected from three different oil palm plantations in Perak. Particle size distribution was obtained using dry sieving technique and colour of soil sample was examined under three conditions that are dry, moist and ashed. Soil pH was measured using pH meter and percentage of composition of soil organic matter (SOM) was determined by weighing the sample before and after ignition. Result showed that the composition of particle size 0.6mm. The color mode of soil after oven dried, moistened and ashed was greyish brown (10YR 5/2), very dark greyish brown (10YR 3/2) and light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) respectively. Soil pH was in the range of 5.79 – 6.70. The percentage of SOM was between 3.29 - 20.48%. The physical and chemical characteristics of soil analysed in this study from three different locations of oil palm plantations varied and it is possible to discriminate these locations based on the analysis highlighted in this study. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-11
{"title":"Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Oil Palm Plantation Soil: A New Lead in Forensic Investigation","authors":"Rus Dina Rus Din, S. Ishar, Hemananthini Naganathan","doi":"10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-11","url":null,"abstract":"Soil sample is one of the important evidence that can be found in crime scene. Unknown soil sample can be analysed and compared with reference sample in order to determine the origin as its physical and chemical components possess unique characteristics. The purpose of this study is to determine the physical and chemical characteristics of soil from oil palm plantations in Perak, Malaysia to assist forensic investigation. Total of 97 topsoil samples were collected from three different oil palm plantations in Perak. Particle size distribution was obtained using dry sieving technique and colour of soil sample was examined under three conditions that are dry, moist and ashed. Soil pH was measured using pH meter and percentage of composition of soil organic matter (SOM) was determined by weighing the sample before and after ignition. Result showed that the composition of particle size 0.6mm. The color mode of soil after oven dried, moistened and ashed was greyish brown (10YR 5/2), very dark greyish brown (10YR 3/2) and light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) respectively. Soil pH was in the range of 5.79 – 6.70. The percentage of SOM was between 3.29 - 20.48%. The physical and chemical characteristics of soil analysed in this study from three different locations of oil palm plantations varied and it is possible to discriminate these locations based on the analysis highlighted in this study. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-11","PeriodicalId":17686,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46554722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-26DOI: 10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-02
F. Y. Chong
Digitized Mandarin paediatric speech perception tests are limited in Malaysia for measuring outcomes among children fitted with amplification devices. Mandarin speech perception tests from other countries may not be suitable to be used in Malaysia due to regional vocabulary differences. This study aimed to develop digitized test materials to test Mandarin-speaking preschool children in Malaysia. This is a two-phased cross-sectional study where Mandarin words (n=113) were gathered with test item pictures developed and tested on 40 Mandarin-speaking children (aged 2;0 to 5;11 years old) with normal hearing in Study I. A total of 80 of 113 words with high familiarity among children were selected in Study I. In Study II, digital recordings of the words was conducted, followed by acoustic analysis, and sound quality evaluation. In total, 94 out of the 480 recorded word tokens were excluded in acoustic analysis. The remaining 386 tokens received good quality rating by three professionals. Validation of the recorded word tokens and pictures to select the final test items involved 20 Mandarin-speaking young adults in Study II. A total of 160 tokens were selected as final items and all pictures corresponding to these test items were validated as suitable representation of the test items. In conclusion, digitally recorded stimuli and pictures have been developed for a Mandarin speech perception test appropriate for Mandarin-speaking pre-school children in Malaysia. Ongoing research includes collecting normative data for the test and future research involves evaluating the test application in local audiology clinics. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-02
{"title":"Development of Digitized Mandarin Paediatric Speech Perception Test Materials for Malaysian Children","authors":"F. Y. Chong","doi":"10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-02","url":null,"abstract":"Digitized Mandarin paediatric speech perception tests are limited in Malaysia for measuring outcomes among children fitted with amplification devices. Mandarin speech perception tests from other countries may not be suitable to be used in Malaysia due to regional vocabulary differences. This study aimed to develop digitized test materials to test Mandarin-speaking preschool children in Malaysia. This is a two-phased cross-sectional study where Mandarin words (n=113) were gathered with test item pictures developed and tested on 40 Mandarin-speaking children (aged 2;0 to 5;11 years old) with normal hearing in Study I. A total of 80 of 113 words with high familiarity among children were selected in Study I. In Study II, digital recordings of the words was conducted, followed by acoustic analysis, and sound quality evaluation. In total, 94 out of the 480 recorded word tokens were excluded in acoustic analysis. The remaining 386 tokens received good quality rating by three professionals. Validation of the recorded word tokens and pictures to select the final test items involved 20 Mandarin-speaking young adults in Study II. A total of 160 tokens were selected as final items and all pictures corresponding to these test items were validated as suitable representation of the test items. In conclusion, digitally recorded stimuli and pictures have been developed for a Mandarin speech perception test appropriate for Mandarin-speaking pre-school children in Malaysia. Ongoing research includes collecting normative data for the test and future research involves evaluating the test application in local audiology clinics. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-02","PeriodicalId":17686,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42514048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-26DOI: 10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-16
Mohd Harimi Abd Rahman, Nurul Hafizah Mohd Norizan, H. A. Mutalib, Muziman Syah Mustafa
An age-related ocular disease such as cataract that causes reduction of visual functions would affect the individual driving performance. The aim of this research was to compare driving difficulties between Malaysian drivers with bilateral cataracts and without cataract. This cross-sectional study involved measurement of visual functions [visual acuity (VA) and contrast sensitivity (CS)] and driving difficulty of 61 respondents who had valid driving license and actively driving. Subjects were divided into cataract group ( n =30) and age/gender matched non-cataracts as control group ( n =31). Results showed the mean±SD for composite driving difficulty score in cataract group and in control group were 72.08±15.95 and 87.50±12.60 respectively. Results also showed significant mean difference composite driving difficulty score between cataract and control group ( p =0.000). Cataract drivers also have significant difficulty driving in raining ( p =0.034) and at night ( p =0.013) compared to drivers without cataract. Details inter-group analysis result showed that reduced VA and CS were two main findings among cataract drivers with driving difficulty. This study showed that drivers with cataract would experience driving difficulties compared to the drivers without cataract, especially in low contrast situations. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-16
{"title":"Comparison of Driving Difficulty Between Bilateral Cataract and Non-Cataract Elderly Drivers in Malaysia: A Preliminary Study","authors":"Mohd Harimi Abd Rahman, Nurul Hafizah Mohd Norizan, H. A. Mutalib, Muziman Syah Mustafa","doi":"10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-16","url":null,"abstract":"An age-related ocular disease such as cataract that causes reduction of visual functions would affect the individual driving performance. The aim of this research was to compare driving difficulties between Malaysian drivers with bilateral cataracts and without cataract. This cross-sectional study involved measurement of visual functions [visual acuity (VA) and contrast sensitivity (CS)] and driving difficulty of 61 respondents who had valid driving license and actively driving. Subjects were divided into cataract group ( n =30) and age/gender matched non-cataracts as control group ( n =31). Results showed the mean±SD for composite driving difficulty score in cataract group and in control group were 72.08±15.95 and 87.50±12.60 respectively. Results also showed significant mean difference composite driving difficulty score between cataract and control group ( p =0.000). Cataract drivers also have significant difficulty driving in raining ( p =0.034) and at night ( p =0.013) compared to drivers without cataract. Details inter-group analysis result showed that reduced VA and CS were two main findings among cataract drivers with driving difficulty. This study showed that drivers with cataract would experience driving difficulties compared to the drivers without cataract, especially in low contrast situations. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-16","PeriodicalId":17686,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45046918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-26DOI: 10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-01
Eliza Yen Sim Wong, Suriyanti Muhi, Haslizawani ALI AKHBAR, Norlizawarni Jasmawardi, Yee Ching Koh, Salha MOHAMED NOR, C. Chong
No-show or non-attendance at outpatient appointments are one of the most challenging operational issues in health care clinics, including dietetics outpatient clinics. No-show has a negative impact on the efficiency and effectiveness of delivery of outpatient care in a hospital setting. This can negatively affect the patient’s short term and long-term well-being to due missed opportunity to address the patient’s nutrition issue in a timely manner. This study aims to investigate the reasons for no-show and thus to reduce the no-show rate in diet clinic to less than 25%. The initial phase of the study was conducted from June to September 2017 at Hospital Sultan Ismail’s diet clinic. No-show cases were identified using system data. No-show patients or guardian of no-show patients were contacted to record the reason for missing the appointments. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the results. Strategy for change was planned and implemented to target the major reason for no-show. The pre-remedial phase result shows a no-show rate of 40.7%. 102 patients were contacted (34%, n=102) to identify their reason of non-attendance to diet clinic. Paediatric patients aged >1 to 12 years contributed the highest percentage of no-show (37.3%, n=38). The major reasons identified for no-show are forgetting and remembered wrong appointment date (35.3%, n=36), followed by ill or admitted to ward (13.7%, n=14) and others (12.7%, n=13) such as personal issues and school examination. Remedial measure using Short Message Service (MySMS) resulted in a reduction of no-show rate to 22.2% which achieved our standard of less than 25% (p<0.05). Automated reminder using Short Message Service (MySMS) is found to be effective in reducing no-show rate. Periodic audit is needed to ensure continuous effectiveness of remedial measure. Further studies need to be conducted in weighing the cost effectiveness of this method for long term run. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-01
{"title":"The Effectiveness of Using MySMS in Reducing No-show Rate in Dietetic Clinic, Hospital Sultan Ismail, Johor Bahru","authors":"Eliza Yen Sim Wong, Suriyanti Muhi, Haslizawani ALI AKHBAR, Norlizawarni Jasmawardi, Yee Ching Koh, Salha MOHAMED NOR, C. Chong","doi":"10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-01","url":null,"abstract":"No-show or non-attendance at outpatient appointments are one of the most challenging operational issues in health care clinics, including dietetics outpatient clinics. No-show has a negative impact on the efficiency and effectiveness of delivery of outpatient care in a hospital setting. This can negatively affect the patient’s short term and long-term well-being to due missed opportunity to address the patient’s nutrition issue in a timely manner. This study aims to investigate the reasons for no-show and thus to reduce the no-show rate in diet clinic to less than 25%. The initial phase of the study was conducted from June to September 2017 at Hospital Sultan Ismail’s diet clinic. No-show cases were identified using system data. No-show patients or guardian of no-show patients were contacted to record the reason for missing the appointments. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the results. Strategy for change was planned and implemented to target the major reason for no-show. The pre-remedial phase result shows a no-show rate of 40.7%. 102 patients were contacted (34%, n=102) to identify their reason of non-attendance to diet clinic. Paediatric patients aged >1 to 12 years contributed the highest percentage of no-show (37.3%, n=38). The major reasons identified for no-show are forgetting and remembered wrong appointment date (35.3%, n=36), followed by ill or admitted to ward (13.7%, n=14) and others (12.7%, n=13) such as personal issues and school examination. Remedial measure using Short Message Service (MySMS) resulted in a reduction of no-show rate to 22.2% which achieved our standard of less than 25% (p<0.05). Automated reminder using Short Message Service (MySMS) is found to be effective in reducing no-show rate. Periodic audit is needed to ensure continuous effectiveness of remedial measure. Further studies need to be conducted in weighing the cost effectiveness of this method for long term run. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-01","PeriodicalId":17686,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43151122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-26DOI: 10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-18
Haliz Farizzah Bin Abdul Wahab, M. Zulfakar, F. Islahudin
The use of internet and social media for health information sharing is expanding among public, pharmacists and other healthcare professionals over the past few years. Research investigating the use of internet and social media in the practice of pharmacy is growing, however, little is known on the delivery of pharmacy services through these media platforms. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the roles of pharmacist in media in providing healthcare information, to evaluate public perception and acceptance towards pharmacist using media as a platform information sharing and to find out public expectation towards pharmacy services in media. A total of 200 respondents were involved by random sampling in this cross-sectional study. Study duration was from October until November 2019. The self-administered questionnaire was adapted from previous study investigating the public preferred source of healthcare advices. Majority of the respondents agree that media platforms can be used by pharmacist to improve patient-pharmacist communication with 76.5% expected that social media has the potential to become an established channel for patient-pharmacist communication. 61.0% of the respondents also acknowledged pharmacist to be very knowledgeable on health-related information by providing accurate information. This study provided insights into the public view towards the roles of pharmacist and their expectation towards pharmacist sharing health-related information in media platforms. Participants recognized the potential use of media platforms for healthcare information sharing. To enhance pharmacist presence and impact on public health through digital media platforms, it is important to start incorporating digital medium into their pharmacy services. Keywords : pharmacist; media; role; health information; perception DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-18
{"title":"Pharmacist in Media: Role in Healthcare and Public Perception","authors":"Haliz Farizzah Bin Abdul Wahab, M. Zulfakar, F. Islahudin","doi":"10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-18","url":null,"abstract":"The use of internet and social media for health information sharing is expanding among public, pharmacists and other healthcare professionals over the past few years. Research investigating the use of internet and social media in the practice of pharmacy is growing, however, little is known on the delivery of pharmacy services through these media platforms. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the roles of pharmacist in media in providing healthcare information, to evaluate public perception and acceptance towards pharmacist using media as a platform information sharing and to find out public expectation towards pharmacy services in media. A total of 200 respondents were involved by random sampling in this cross-sectional study. Study duration was from October until November 2019. The self-administered questionnaire was adapted from previous study investigating the public preferred source of healthcare advices. Majority of the respondents agree that media platforms can be used by pharmacist to improve patient-pharmacist communication with 76.5% expected that social media has the potential to become an established channel for patient-pharmacist communication. 61.0% of the respondents also acknowledged pharmacist to be very knowledgeable on health-related information by providing accurate information. This study provided insights into the public view towards the roles of pharmacist and their expectation towards pharmacist sharing health-related information in media platforms. Participants recognized the potential use of media platforms for healthcare information sharing. To enhance pharmacist presence and impact on public health through digital media platforms, it is important to start incorporating digital medium into their pharmacy services. Keywords : pharmacist; media; role; health information; perception DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-18","PeriodicalId":17686,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47251132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-26DOI: 10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-17
M. Jasamai, J. Jalil, S. Saadawi, I. Jantan
Chemical constituents and biological activities of the Mitrella kentii leaf oil were investigated in this study. Gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to determine the chemical constituents of the oil. The oil was evaluated for its ability to inhibit prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) and thromboxane B 2 (TXB 2 ) productions in human whole blood using a radioimmunoassay technique. Its inhibitory effect on platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor binding with rabbit platelets using 3 H-PAF as a ligand and its free radical scavenging effect on DPPH were also investigated. Caryophyllene oxide (33.8%), E , Z -farnesol (6.9%), benzyl benzoate (6.5%) and viridiflorol (6.5%) were among the major components of the oil. Even though weak inhibitory activities were observed in both PGE 2 and TXB 2 assays, significant results were obtained in both PAF receptor binding inhibition and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging effect with IC 50 value of 6.6 µg/mL and 155.6 µg/mL respectively. These promising activities warrant the development of the oil as an anti-inflammatory agent. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-17
{"title":"Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Mitrella Kentii (Blume) Miq. Leaf Oil","authors":"M. Jasamai, J. Jalil, S. Saadawi, I. Jantan","doi":"10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-17","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical constituents and biological activities of the Mitrella kentii leaf oil were investigated in this study. Gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to determine the chemical constituents of the oil. The oil was evaluated for its ability to inhibit prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) and thromboxane B 2 (TXB 2 ) productions in human whole blood using a radioimmunoassay technique. Its inhibitory effect on platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor binding with rabbit platelets using 3 H-PAF as a ligand and its free radical scavenging effect on DPPH were also investigated. Caryophyllene oxide (33.8%), E , Z -farnesol (6.9%), benzyl benzoate (6.5%) and viridiflorol (6.5%) were among the major components of the oil. Even though weak inhibitory activities were observed in both PGE 2 and TXB 2 assays, significant results were obtained in both PAF receptor binding inhibition and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging effect with IC 50 value of 6.6 µg/mL and 155.6 µg/mL respectively. These promising activities warrant the development of the oil as an anti-inflammatory agent. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-17","PeriodicalId":17686,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43612116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-26DOI: 10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-13
C. Chiang, N. Abdullah, R. Abdullah, M. Mohamad, A. Zakaria
This is a retrospective study, the organ doses to the bladder and rectum were compared between Nucletron PLATO V14.2.3 (BV) and newer version software Oncentra MasterPlan V4.3 (OMP) treatment planning systems (TPS). The treatment data of 32 intracavitary brachytherapy patients at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia from January 2010 to June 2015 were used. These data sets were used for catheter reconstruction for both PLATO and OMP TPS followed by independent verification using Excel. There is no significant difference in mean doses to organs at risk (OARs) that calculated by both TPS (p>0.05). The mean percentage of doses calculated by PLATO TPS for bladder and rectum were 66.58 ± 27.42 % and 46.27 ± 14.47 % respectively. While the mean percentage of doses for bladder and rectum calculated by OMP TPS were 65.68 ± 24.24 % and 46.46 ± 16.66 respectively. The mean percentage difference in doses comparison between independent verification calculation and PLATO TPS was 1.96 ± 6.00% and then became 6.37 ± 5.17% when it was compared with OMP TPS. Overall, the dose calculation differences for both versions of TPS were within the range recommended by Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). The dose calculations of the two treatment planning systems showed good agreement and both could be used in planning intracavitary brachytherapy for cervical cancer. Whereas Excel based independent verification suitable to be implemented as routine dose verification programme prior to treatment delivery. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-13
{"title":"Doses to Organs at Risk Calculated Using Plato and Oncentra Softwares in Intracavitary Brachytherapy","authors":"C. Chiang, N. Abdullah, R. Abdullah, M. Mohamad, A. Zakaria","doi":"10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-13","url":null,"abstract":"This is a retrospective study, the organ doses to the bladder and rectum were compared between Nucletron PLATO V14.2.3 (BV) and newer version software Oncentra MasterPlan V4.3 (OMP) treatment planning systems (TPS). The treatment data of 32 intracavitary brachytherapy patients at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia from January 2010 to June 2015 were used. These data sets were used for catheter reconstruction for both PLATO and OMP TPS followed by independent verification using Excel. There is no significant difference in mean doses to organs at risk (OARs) that calculated by both TPS (p>0.05). The mean percentage of doses calculated by PLATO TPS for bladder and rectum were 66.58 ± 27.42 % and 46.27 ± 14.47 % respectively. While the mean percentage of doses for bladder and rectum calculated by OMP TPS were 65.68 ± 24.24 % and 46.46 ± 16.66 respectively. The mean percentage difference in doses comparison between independent verification calculation and PLATO TPS was 1.96 ± 6.00% and then became 6.37 ± 5.17% when it was compared with OMP TPS. Overall, the dose calculation differences for both versions of TPS were within the range recommended by Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). The dose calculations of the two treatment planning systems showed good agreement and both could be used in planning intracavitary brachytherapy for cervical cancer. Whereas Excel based independent verification suitable to be implemented as routine dose verification programme prior to treatment delivery. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-13","PeriodicalId":17686,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41830387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-26DOI: 10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-06
Hui Min Low
Today, increasingly more people worldwide are aware about Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). However, their actual understanding about ASD is yet unknown. In this study, the lay knowledge on the social communication and language deficits of ASD was investigated using a brief survey involving an elite sample in Malaysia. The survey findings revealed that the vast majority of the respondents had superficial understanding about the social communication and language deficits of ASD. In general, they could relate to ASD as a type of learning disability, but they were less familiar with the diagnostic features and remedial needs of ASD. Another key finding was that the respondents reported different sources of obtaining ASD knowledge according to their demographic profiles (namely age, gender, education and occupation), which correspondingly led to variability in the type of knowledge they obtained. Together, the findings implied that content-specific ASD awareness programs through the right channels are warranted for optimizing efficacy in knowledge transfer and minimizing redundancy in existing ASD awareness campaigns. Increased lay knowledge on ASD will provide a public guardian ground for children with ASD to ensure that the challenges faced by them can be identified at an early age for optimizing the remedial outcomes. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-06
{"title":"A Survey of Lay Knowledge of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Malaysia","authors":"Hui Min Low","doi":"10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-06","url":null,"abstract":"Today, increasingly more people worldwide are aware about Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). However, their actual understanding about ASD is yet unknown. In this study, the lay knowledge on the social communication and language deficits of ASD was investigated using a brief survey involving an elite sample in Malaysia. The survey findings revealed that the vast majority of the respondents had superficial understanding about the social communication and language deficits of ASD. In general, they could relate to ASD as a type of learning disability, but they were less familiar with the diagnostic features and remedial needs of ASD. Another key finding was that the respondents reported different sources of obtaining ASD knowledge according to their demographic profiles (namely age, gender, education and occupation), which correspondingly led to variability in the type of knowledge they obtained. Together, the findings implied that content-specific ASD awareness programs through the right channels are warranted for optimizing efficacy in knowledge transfer and minimizing redundancy in existing ASD awareness campaigns. Increased lay knowledge on ASD will provide a public guardian ground for children with ASD to ensure that the challenges faced by them can be identified at an early age for optimizing the remedial outcomes. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-06","PeriodicalId":17686,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48243352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-25DOI: 10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-05
D. A. Palmiano
Limited scientific evidence about the safety and efficacy of traditional healing make it essential for policymakers to develop policies, regulations, and strategies to mitigate issues related to this practice. Such issues include hit-and-miss operation, incorrect diagnosis, improper dosage, low hygiene standards, and the dominant lack of statutory regulation for traditional healing practitioners and practices owing to the secrecy of some healing methods. On the other hand, the high cost of drugs and other critical considerations strengthen the belief persistence and reliance of people on traditional healing over modern medical treatments, a situation that makes it challenging for the government to define the policymaking parameters in this area. The focus of this descriptive-comparative study was to determine how persistent are the beliefs and reliance on traditional healing of students by obtaining quantitative results from a survey. A total of 277 students were surveyed using stratified proportionate random sampling. Data were gathered through a questionnaire and unstructured interviews. Descriptive statistics, dependent t-test, and one-way analysis of variance were the statistical tools used. Results showed that almost all respondents still manifest very strong belief persistence in faith healers (arbolaryo) and bone setters (hilot) and a great majority in those who cure illness caused by spirits (surhano/parasantigwar). The illnesses they usually consult with traditional healers were vomiting, sprain, and stomachache. Male respondents have stronger belief persistence than do their female counterparts. The belief persistence and reliance of students on traditional healing, even with the recent advances in science, technology, and innovation, as well as the upsurge of new interventions for diagnosis, prevention, and treatments, indicate that the popularity of traditional healing is not declining. These findings are particularly evident in some prevailing traditional healing practices.
{"title":"Belief Persistence and Reliance on Traditional Healing of Students at Central Bicol State University of Agriculture","authors":"D. A. Palmiano","doi":"10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/JSKM-2021-1901-05","url":null,"abstract":"Limited scientific evidence about the safety and efficacy of traditional healing make it essential for policymakers to develop policies, regulations, and strategies to mitigate issues related to this practice. Such issues include hit-and-miss operation, incorrect diagnosis, improper dosage, low hygiene standards, and the dominant lack of statutory regulation for traditional healing practitioners and practices owing to the secrecy of some healing methods. On the other hand, the high cost of drugs and other critical considerations strengthen the belief persistence and reliance of people on traditional healing over modern medical treatments, a situation that makes it challenging for the government to define the policymaking parameters in this area. The focus of this descriptive-comparative study was to determine how persistent are the beliefs and reliance on traditional healing of students by obtaining quantitative results from a survey. A total of 277 students were surveyed using stratified proportionate random sampling. Data were gathered through a questionnaire and unstructured interviews. Descriptive statistics, dependent t-test, and one-way analysis of variance were the statistical tools used. Results showed that almost all respondents still manifest very strong belief persistence in faith healers (arbolaryo) and bone setters (hilot) and a great majority in those who cure illness caused by spirits (surhano/parasantigwar). The illnesses they usually consult with traditional healers were vomiting, sprain, and stomachache. Male respondents have stronger belief persistence than do their female counterparts. The belief persistence and reliance of students on traditional healing, even with the recent advances in science, technology, and innovation, as well as the upsurge of new interventions for diagnosis, prevention, and treatments, indicate that the popularity of traditional healing is not declining. These findings are particularly evident in some prevailing traditional healing practices.","PeriodicalId":17686,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41777038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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