Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(6)-22
Yap Zheng Yew, Mohamad Hanif Md Saad, S. Sahrani, Kaiser Habib, Aini Hussain
Office buildings often consume high energy to sustain building operations such as HVAC systems. A lack of proper decision-making approaches and a lack of maintenance planning will cause higher operational costs. This paper proposes data analytics for air conditioner’s performance in laboratory by using Internet of Things (IoT)-based monitoring system to improve efficiency in facility maintenance. It provides a monitoring system, notification system and performance dashboard to enable data analytics. The data analytics methods used here are i) condition-based maintenance which includes thermal analysis and electrical analysis; and ii) Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) approach. The pre-maintenance performance measured for AC-1 is adequate while AC-2 does not meet the requirement. After the reactive maintenance was performed on AC-2; there was a performance increment of 63.15%. Based on sensors data, it seems to correlate between current draw and low refrigerant. It aids facility maintenance for early failure detection, which helps in decision-making. The result from the OEE approach also suggested the same decision-making to schedule maintenance. Performance needs to balance out to leverage power consumption without hefty operational costs for maintenance strategies. In conclusion, the data analytics provide insight for the maintenance management to monitor and schedule preventive maintenance before air conditioner (AC) faults happen. Meanwhile, the modified OEE approach for ACs to measure performance takes into consideration speed to cool down air and cost to run the AC which has not been explored yet elsewhere.
{"title":"Internet of Things (IoT) Based Air Conditioner Monitoring System for Intelligent Facility Maintenance","authors":"Yap Zheng Yew, Mohamad Hanif Md Saad, S. Sahrani, Kaiser Habib, Aini Hussain","doi":"10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(6)-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(6)-22","url":null,"abstract":"Office buildings often consume high energy to sustain building operations such as HVAC systems. A lack of proper decision-making approaches and a lack of maintenance planning will cause higher operational costs. This paper proposes data analytics for air conditioner’s performance in laboratory by using Internet of Things (IoT)-based monitoring system to improve efficiency in facility maintenance. It provides a monitoring system, notification system and performance dashboard to enable data analytics. The data analytics methods used here are i) condition-based maintenance which includes thermal analysis and electrical analysis; and ii) Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) approach. The pre-maintenance performance measured for AC-1 is adequate while AC-2 does not meet the requirement. After the reactive maintenance was performed on AC-2; there was a performance increment of 63.15%. Based on sensors data, it seems to correlate between current draw and low refrigerant. It aids facility maintenance for early failure detection, which helps in decision-making. The result from the OEE approach also suggested the same decision-making to schedule maintenance. Performance needs to balance out to leverage power consumption without hefty operational costs for maintenance strategies. In conclusion, the data analytics provide insight for the maintenance management to monitor and schedule preventive maintenance before air conditioner (AC) faults happen. Meanwhile, the modified OEE approach for ACs to measure performance takes into consideration speed to cool down air and cost to run the AC which has not been explored yet elsewhere.","PeriodicalId":17688,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kejuruteraan","volume":"307 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139203138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(6)-04
Muhammad Fahad Ali, Rizwan Ali Memon, Ali Raza Lashari, Muhammad Hamza Siddiqui, Aisha Ahmed
Bitumen is a widely used road infrastructure material exhibiting black color and sticky consistency and is known for its versatile use and thermoplastic nature. In recent years, predicting road life has been arduous due to increasing traffic, global warming, and ever-changing stresses on pavements. Meanwhile, a large amount of waste engine oil (WEO) and vehicle tyres from various automobiles is disposed of into the atmosphere as hazardous waste. Relatedly, heavy metals and the huge capital involved in the sustainable treatment of these materials have been challenging. Therefore, this study aims to analyze modified bitumen using (WEO) in combination with waste crumb tyre rubber (CTR), thus reducing virgin bitumen (VB) use and making bitumen a sustainable material. During the characterization of modified bitumen, the following WEO concentrations were utilized: 3%, 5%, 7%, and 9%, and the following CTR concentrations: 5%, 7%, 9%, 12%, and 15%. The properties of modified and virgin bitumen were compared. It has been found that the blend of 5% CTR and 9% WEO exhibit the highest penetration value and the lowest softening temperature of all the samples examined. As a result, this mixture can be used to reduce the excessive brittleness of bitumen to a greater extent. Moreover, the flash and fire point values have increased after modification, while the ductility and specific gravity values have decreased. In summary, the modified bitumen has shown promising results regarding physical changes in bitumen.
{"title":"Synergetic Effects of Waste Engine Oil and Crumb Tyre Rubber on Bitumen Modification","authors":"Muhammad Fahad Ali, Rizwan Ali Memon, Ali Raza Lashari, Muhammad Hamza Siddiqui, Aisha Ahmed","doi":"10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(6)-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(6)-04","url":null,"abstract":"Bitumen is a widely used road infrastructure material exhibiting black color and sticky consistency and is known for its versatile use and thermoplastic nature. In recent years, predicting road life has been arduous due to increasing traffic, global warming, and ever-changing stresses on pavements. Meanwhile, a large amount of waste engine oil (WEO) and vehicle tyres from various automobiles is disposed of into the atmosphere as hazardous waste. Relatedly, heavy metals and the huge capital involved in the sustainable treatment of these materials have been challenging. Therefore, this study aims to analyze modified bitumen using (WEO) in combination with waste crumb tyre rubber (CTR), thus reducing virgin bitumen (VB) use and making bitumen a sustainable material. During the characterization of modified bitumen, the following WEO concentrations were utilized: 3%, 5%, 7%, and 9%, and the following CTR concentrations: 5%, 7%, 9%, 12%, and 15%. The properties of modified and virgin bitumen were compared. It has been found that the blend of 5% CTR and 9% WEO exhibit the highest penetration value and the lowest softening temperature of all the samples examined. As a result, this mixture can be used to reduce the excessive brittleness of bitumen to a greater extent. Moreover, the flash and fire point values have increased after modification, while the ductility and specific gravity values have decreased. In summary, the modified bitumen has shown promising results regarding physical changes in bitumen.","PeriodicalId":17688,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kejuruteraan","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139205617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(6)-09
Manish J. Vora
The Green Sand-casting technique is a very ancient method of casting that has many different uses. The increased rate of errors and rejection in this process is a key drawback that reduces output and profits. It’s challenging to develop a good link between the many different parameters and defects since the process is so complicated. This article describes a hybrid approach to find the co-relation for sand casting process’s variables. This approach mixes the Taguchi method (TM) with Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) paired with Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Moisture content, Permeability, Loss of Ignition, Pouring Time & Pouring Temperature selected as input parameters while types of defects (Shrinkage, Blow holes, Cracks, Porosity) as responses for proposed study. The L27 OA from Taguchi is used to plan the tests. TM implemented to analyse individual responses. GRA is applied to find optimal solutions for a set of replies, whereas PCA is used to determine how much weight each response should be given. Using proposed methodology, 4% moisture content, 160% permeability, 5% loss of ignition, 60 seconds of pouring time, and 1400°C found as optimum set of parameters. The findings demonstrate that the hybrid approach, which makes use of both a cost-effective and efficient experimental design strategy, was successful in resolving the complexity trade-off experienced throughout the judgment process of multi-response optimization.
{"title":"Parametric Optimizing Green Sand-Casting Process Parameters using hybrid Taguchi Grey Relational Analyses and Principal Component Analyses","authors":"Manish J. Vora","doi":"10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(6)-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(6)-09","url":null,"abstract":"The Green Sand-casting technique is a very ancient method of casting that has many different uses. The increased rate of errors and rejection in this process is a key drawback that reduces output and profits. It’s challenging to develop a good link between the many different parameters and defects since the process is so complicated. This article describes a hybrid approach to find the co-relation for sand casting process’s variables. This approach mixes the Taguchi method (TM) with Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) paired with Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Moisture content, Permeability, Loss of Ignition, Pouring Time & Pouring Temperature selected as input parameters while types of defects (Shrinkage, Blow holes, Cracks, Porosity) as responses for proposed study. The L27 OA from Taguchi is used to plan the tests. TM implemented to analyse individual responses. GRA is applied to find optimal solutions for a set of replies, whereas PCA is used to determine how much weight each response should be given. Using proposed methodology, 4% moisture content, 160% permeability, 5% loss of ignition, 60 seconds of pouring time, and 1400°C found as optimum set of parameters. The findings demonstrate that the hybrid approach, which makes use of both a cost-effective and efficient experimental design strategy, was successful in resolving the complexity trade-off experienced throughout the judgment process of multi-response optimization.","PeriodicalId":17688,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kejuruteraan","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139207168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(6)-12
C. L. Reddy, P. S. Kumar, J. V. G. R. Rao, M. Sharanya
This paper presents the performance analysis of an 6/4 3-phase switched reluctance motor in terms of current, flux, torque and speed. When the speed of the motor is low the current rises quickly. If the speed is large the increase in current is low. In low-speed region, the current can be controlled by using chop/hysteresis current control mode. In this mode a voltage of +Vdc and -Vdc is applied in such way the current is limited to a band. The bands can design around the reference value of current. The upper and lower bands can be designed based on the reference current. After the base speed we have to maintain current, current can’t increase quickly because speed becomes large, so in this region instead of keeping current constant the power is to be considered constant. When the speed is large this mode is not preferable. So still we have to maintain the power current has to build up, so we switch little earlier that angle is called advance angle. Angle by which voltage application is advanced that angle is the advance angle. The advance angle control can be used in such way that the current increase will happen in the lower inductance region only. The advancing of angle can be increased up to certain angles only i.e up to the lower value of inductance minimum point. The simulation has been carried out for 6/4 3-phase switched reluctance motor using MATLAB/ Simulink by applying closed loop current control technique. The detailed control of SRM for different speed modes has been carried out and the analysis of results demonstrated.
{"title":"Performance Analysis of Switched Reluctance Motor by Using Closed Loop Current Control Technique","authors":"C. L. Reddy, P. S. Kumar, J. V. G. R. Rao, M. Sharanya","doi":"10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(6)-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(6)-12","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the performance analysis of an 6/4 3-phase switched reluctance motor in terms of current, flux, torque and speed. When the speed of the motor is low the current rises quickly. If the speed is large the increase in current is low. In low-speed region, the current can be controlled by using chop/hysteresis current control mode. In this mode a voltage of +Vdc and -Vdc is applied in such way the current is limited to a band. The bands can design around the reference value of current. The upper and lower bands can be designed based on the reference current. After the base speed we have to maintain current, current can’t increase quickly because speed becomes large, so in this region instead of keeping current constant the power is to be considered constant. When the speed is large this mode is not preferable. So still we have to maintain the power current has to build up, so we switch little earlier that angle is called advance angle. Angle by which voltage application is advanced that angle is the advance angle. The advance angle control can be used in such way that the current increase will happen in the lower inductance region only. The advancing of angle can be increased up to certain angles only i.e up to the lower value of inductance minimum point. The simulation has been carried out for 6/4 3-phase switched reluctance motor using MATLAB/ Simulink by applying closed loop current control technique. The detailed control of SRM for different speed modes has been carried out and the analysis of results demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":17688,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kejuruteraan","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139208001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(6)-11
Yong Saan Cern, Yeoh Sheng Ze
Stroke is a major cause of disability worldwide that affects many people every year. Stroke rehabilitation is a process that helps stroke patients regain their lost function and improve their quality of life. However, the recovery process varies widely depending on the severity of stroke and other factors such as age, health and type of stroke. Many elderly patients face difficulties in attending rehabilitation centers due to various factors such as cost, distance and congestion. Therefore, this paper proposes methods to help stroke patients do rehabilitation exercises at home using the latest technology. Our project consists of interactive exercises that are customized to the skill level of the patients, hardware sensor inputs that can measure the strength of the hand movement of the patients, embedded processing board with camera that can detect and guide the movement of the patients and machine learning using convolutional neural network (CNN) that can analyze the movement data and provide feedback and motivation to the patients. The effectiveness of the proposed system is evaluated by the improvements in patients’ conditions through pre- and post-exercise tests. Overall, our kinesthetic augmented kinematic inferencing methods appear to be more effective than conventional methods for post-stroke rehabilitation. This project demonstrates a promising solution to enhance stroke rehabilitation, recovery and quality of life.
{"title":"The Design of Stroke Rehabilitation Using Artificial Intelligence K.A.K.I (Kinesthetic Augmented Kinematic Inference)","authors":"Yong Saan Cern, Yeoh Sheng Ze","doi":"10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(6)-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(6)-11","url":null,"abstract":"Stroke is a major cause of disability worldwide that affects many people every year. Stroke rehabilitation is a process that helps stroke patients regain their lost function and improve their quality of life. However, the recovery process varies widely depending on the severity of stroke and other factors such as age, health and type of stroke. Many elderly patients face difficulties in attending rehabilitation centers due to various factors such as cost, distance and congestion. Therefore, this paper proposes methods to help stroke patients do rehabilitation exercises at home using the latest technology. Our project consists of interactive exercises that are customized to the skill level of the patients, hardware sensor inputs that can measure the strength of the hand movement of the patients, embedded processing board with camera that can detect and guide the movement of the patients and machine learning using convolutional neural network (CNN) that can analyze the movement data and provide feedback and motivation to the patients. The effectiveness of the proposed system is evaluated by the improvements in patients’ conditions through pre- and post-exercise tests. Overall, our kinesthetic augmented kinematic inferencing methods appear to be more effective than conventional methods for post-stroke rehabilitation. This project demonstrates a promising solution to enhance stroke rehabilitation, recovery and quality of life.","PeriodicalId":17688,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kejuruteraan","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139198760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(6)-20
Yee Hooi Min, Nur Afifi Zi, Tey Li-Sian, S. Senin
Tensioned fabric structure became a topic of discussion for many engineers because of its lightweight. This structure manages to resist all loads such as wind and rain. Due to the light in weight, tensioned fabric structures are normally designed to be in the form of equal tensioned surface or minimal surface. The major objective of this study is to generate three Jungle forms with minimal surface or equal tensioned surface to apply in infrastructure and to propose an alternative for engineers to consider the Jungle minimal surface models. More study found out that minimal surface of tensioned fabric structure help in sustainability the environment. The form of tensioned fabric structure of this structure was applied using mathematical equation which was then generated through MATLAB. The three Jungle forms tensioned fabric structure show minimal surface. The study might inspire the engineers to implement Jungle shape in tensioned fabric structures.
{"title":"Tensioned Fabric Structures in Jungle Design Shape","authors":"Yee Hooi Min, Nur Afifi Zi, Tey Li-Sian, S. Senin","doi":"10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(6)-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(6)-20","url":null,"abstract":"Tensioned fabric structure became a topic of discussion for many engineers because of its lightweight. This structure manages to resist all loads such as wind and rain. Due to the light in weight, tensioned fabric structures are normally designed to be in the form of equal tensioned surface or minimal surface. The major objective of this study is to generate three Jungle forms with minimal surface or equal tensioned surface to apply in infrastructure and to propose an alternative for engineers to consider the Jungle minimal surface models. More study found out that minimal surface of tensioned fabric structure help in sustainability the environment. The form of tensioned fabric structure of this structure was applied using mathematical equation which was then generated through MATLAB. The three Jungle forms tensioned fabric structure show minimal surface. The study might inspire the engineers to implement Jungle shape in tensioned fabric structures.","PeriodicalId":17688,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kejuruteraan","volume":"225 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139202967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(6)-25
Siti Isma Hani Ismail, Nur Syaza Syazwiena Mohd Norman, N. Md Nor, Zulfairul Zakaria, Siti Hafizan Hassan
For Malaysia’s future energy needs, solar photovoltaic (PV) technology and farming is becoming a more costeffective option and technology in achieving Malaysia’s goal of having 31% renewable energy in its power mix by year 2025. Malaysia’s global climate commitment is to reduce its economy-wide carbon intensity (as a percentage of GDP) by 45% by 2030 compared to 2005 levels. Realizing the government’s vision is critical to assisting the country in meeting its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) targets (SEDA, 2022). Hence, this paper highlights the evaluation of an existing solar farm located at Seberang Perai Pulau Pinang, Malaysia as a case study to examine the potential environmental impact arising from of large-scale solar (LSS) PV development utilising the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) under the Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) technique. The approach for this study was conducting in depth interviews with 16 people, including academics, authorities, and experts in the field. Large projects need to be evaluated to make sure that any potential problems are found and resolved early in the planning and design phases. This study considers the effects on the environment and chemicals (EC), as well as occupational safety (OSH) and economic impact (EI). AHP is then used to assess the data and utilized to produce the final component rankings. By showing the outcomes, the bar chart will aid in improved decision-making. The bar chart’s ability to display the results will help in the decision-making. From the results, LSS PV farm were conducive to achieving strong sustainability however in term of environmental degradation, mitigation action must be implemented on site to tackle the arising issues.
{"title":"Examining Large-Scale Solar (LSS) Photovoltaic (PV) Operating Utilities by using Environmental Impact Screening (EIS)","authors":"Siti Isma Hani Ismail, Nur Syaza Syazwiena Mohd Norman, N. Md Nor, Zulfairul Zakaria, Siti Hafizan Hassan","doi":"10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(6)-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(6)-25","url":null,"abstract":"For Malaysia’s future energy needs, solar photovoltaic (PV) technology and farming is becoming a more costeffective option and technology in achieving Malaysia’s goal of having 31% renewable energy in its power mix by year 2025. Malaysia’s global climate commitment is to reduce its economy-wide carbon intensity (as a percentage of GDP) by 45% by 2030 compared to 2005 levels. Realizing the government’s vision is critical to assisting the country in meeting its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) targets (SEDA, 2022). Hence, this paper highlights the evaluation of an existing solar farm located at Seberang Perai Pulau Pinang, Malaysia as a case study to examine the potential environmental impact arising from of large-scale solar (LSS) PV development utilising the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) under the Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) technique. The approach for this study was conducting in depth interviews with 16 people, including academics, authorities, and experts in the field. Large projects need to be evaluated to make sure that any potential problems are found and resolved early in the planning and design phases. This study considers the effects on the environment and chemicals (EC), as well as occupational safety (OSH) and economic impact (EI). AHP is then used to assess the data and utilized to produce the final component rankings. By showing the outcomes, the bar chart will aid in improved decision-making. The bar chart’s ability to display the results will help in the decision-making. From the results, LSS PV farm were conducive to achieving strong sustainability however in term of environmental degradation, mitigation action must be implemented on site to tackle the arising issues.","PeriodicalId":17688,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kejuruteraan","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139199289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(6)-21
Nurhidayati Mat Daud, Nur Fikriah Daud, Amalina Amirah Abu Bakar, Noraziyan Abd Aziz, S. Badrealam, Zuraisah Dollah
Rapid development and climate change has endangered the availability of water resources worldwide. This study look into the potential of the applying a rainwater harvesting system (RWHS) for non- potable water usage in a doublestorey residential terrace house using Tangki NAHRIM 2.0 (TN2.0). TN2.0 is a web application that adopt the yield-after-spillage (YAS) convention to identify the optimum rainwater tank size. It is found that for a house of size 86.86 m2, the optimum tank size is 2 m3 with water-saving and storage efficiency values of 51% and 63.2% respectively. Additionally, the performance of the optimum tank size of 2 m3 was further examined under different water demand. It was found that a 2 m3 tank was still able to save water up to 42.1% for a family of 10 persons. Meanwhile, the storage efficiency shows a little increment from 63.2% to 67.8%.
{"title":"Performance of a Rainwater Harvesting Tank Under Under Varying Non-Potable Demand: Case Study in Kubang Semang, Penang","authors":"Nurhidayati Mat Daud, Nur Fikriah Daud, Amalina Amirah Abu Bakar, Noraziyan Abd Aziz, S. Badrealam, Zuraisah Dollah","doi":"10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(6)-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(6)-21","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid development and climate change has endangered the availability of water resources worldwide. This study look into the potential of the applying a rainwater harvesting system (RWHS) for non- potable water usage in a doublestorey residential terrace house using Tangki NAHRIM 2.0 (TN2.0). TN2.0 is a web application that adopt the yield-after-spillage (YAS) convention to identify the optimum rainwater tank size. It is found that for a house of size 86.86 m2, the optimum tank size is 2 m3 with water-saving and storage efficiency values of 51% and 63.2% respectively. Additionally, the performance of the optimum tank size of 2 m3 was further examined under different water demand. It was found that a 2 m3 tank was still able to save water up to 42.1% for a family of 10 persons. Meanwhile, the storage efficiency shows a little increment from 63.2% to 67.8%.","PeriodicalId":17688,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kejuruteraan","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139200469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(6)-01
Malaika Shaikh, Azad Ali, Riaz Ahmed, Babar Ali Shaikh
Current advancements in sensor networks are crucial for environmental remediation. The Internet of Things (IoT) connects numerous devices that may share and collect data. IoT expands its capabilities to include environmental concerns in addition to the automation sector by utilizing industry 4.0. Polluted water has emerged as one of the most serious dangers in latest days since drinking water has been contaminated and polluted. Contaminated water may trigger a variety of illnesses in humans and animals, affecting the ecosystem’s life cycle. This means, there is an increased demand for water which might affect the available sources of water at large. Therefore, effective management and monitoring of available resources of water is the need of the hour. This review paper includes the use of Internet of Things (IoT) technology for physical parameters of the water monitoring systems to manage and save scarce water resources. The traditional method to monitor water quality and quantity has been a quite difficult task involving a large amount of labour and cash. But the IoT application slashes human involvement and most of the procedural decisions are made by algorithms. Thus, smart methods for investigating water contamination are becoming increasingly significant with advancements in sensors, communication, and IoT technologies. A water monitoring system (WMS) is a low-cost and feasible system that uses IoT technology to analyse the quality of drinking water. use of IoT tools for water monitoring will be a step in the right direction. Even though there are many great technological advancements for the surveillance of water quality, the research field is still challenging. This article aims to unveil the recent research for developing intelligent, energy-efficient, and highly effective water monitoring systems that will allow for continuous monitoring of water in less privileged areas of Pakistan. This article will assist researchers and administrative organizations in starting pertinent investigations of water in rural areas by utilizing a WMS.
{"title":"A Review on Internet of Things (IoT) Based Water Monitoring System","authors":"Malaika Shaikh, Azad Ali, Riaz Ahmed, Babar Ali Shaikh","doi":"10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(6)-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(6)-01","url":null,"abstract":"Current advancements in sensor networks are crucial for environmental remediation. The Internet of Things (IoT) connects numerous devices that may share and collect data. IoT expands its capabilities to include environmental concerns in addition to the automation sector by utilizing industry 4.0. Polluted water has emerged as one of the most serious dangers in latest days since drinking water has been contaminated and polluted. Contaminated water may trigger a variety of illnesses in humans and animals, affecting the ecosystem’s life cycle. This means, there is an increased demand for water which might affect the available sources of water at large. Therefore, effective management and monitoring of available resources of water is the need of the hour. This review paper includes the use of Internet of Things (IoT) technology for physical parameters of the water monitoring systems to manage and save scarce water resources. The traditional method to monitor water quality and quantity has been a quite difficult task involving a large amount of labour and cash. But the IoT application slashes human involvement and most of the procedural decisions are made by algorithms. Thus, smart methods for investigating water contamination are becoming increasingly significant with advancements in sensors, communication, and IoT technologies. A water monitoring system (WMS) is a low-cost and feasible system that uses IoT technology to analyse the quality of drinking water. use of IoT tools for water monitoring will be a step in the right direction. Even though there are many great technological advancements for the surveillance of water quality, the research field is still challenging. This article aims to unveil the recent research for developing intelligent, energy-efficient, and highly effective water monitoring systems that will allow for continuous monitoring of water in less privileged areas of Pakistan. This article will assist researchers and administrative organizations in starting pertinent investigations of water in rural areas by utilizing a WMS.","PeriodicalId":17688,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kejuruteraan","volume":"10 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139201103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(6)-07
Meor Syazalee Meor Sha, R. Zulkifli
iocomposite is a combination of natural reinforcement and natural matrix material consisting of kenaf reinforced with polylactic acid (PLA), where its mechanical properties will be affected when exposed to heat. This research investigates the effect of exposure of biocomposites to different temperatures on the mechanical properties of biocomposites, consisting of tensile and flexural properties. Before producing the sample, kenaf in the form of one-way yarn is conditioned with 40% RH humidity, and then the sample is produced using hot compression molding techniques by combining kenaf with PLA. Tensile and bending tests carried out in a heating chamber with the heat were studied using a Universal Testing Machine (UTM). The choice of heat temperature depends on the glass transition temperature of polylactic acid, where the study temperature ranges from 25 oC to 65 oC. From the results of the study, it was found that the maximum bending strength and modulus (117 MPa, 5.8 GPa) and the maximum tensile strength and modulus (59 MPa, 3.2 GPa) were both obtained at low temperatures (25 oC). While the modulus value decreases significantly at 55 oC, the tensile and flexural properties both show a steady decrease with increasing temperature. Therefore, the presence of temperature has a significant effect on the tensile and flexural properties of kenaf-reinforced PLA biocomposites. When it is exposed to high temperatures, the mechanical quality deteriorates, and the risk of failure increases. Failure is caused by poor reinforcement and matrix bonding caused by the degradation of natural fiber properties of kenaf and the level of PLA plastic deformation.
{"title":"Tensile and Flexural Properties of Kenaf Reinforced Polylactic Acid under Heat Effect","authors":"Meor Syazalee Meor Sha, R. Zulkifli","doi":"10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(6)-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(6)-07","url":null,"abstract":"iocomposite is a combination of natural reinforcement and natural matrix material consisting of kenaf reinforced with polylactic acid (PLA), where its mechanical properties will be affected when exposed to heat. This research investigates the effect of exposure of biocomposites to different temperatures on the mechanical properties of biocomposites, consisting of tensile and flexural properties. Before producing the sample, kenaf in the form of one-way yarn is conditioned with 40% RH humidity, and then the sample is produced using hot compression molding techniques by combining kenaf with PLA. Tensile and bending tests carried out in a heating chamber with the heat were studied using a Universal Testing Machine (UTM). The choice of heat temperature depends on the glass transition temperature of polylactic acid, where the study temperature ranges from 25 oC to 65 oC. From the results of the study, it was found that the maximum bending strength and modulus (117 MPa, 5.8 GPa) and the maximum tensile strength and modulus (59 MPa, 3.2 GPa) were both obtained at low temperatures (25 oC). While the modulus value decreases significantly at 55 oC, the tensile and flexural properties both show a steady decrease with increasing temperature. Therefore, the presence of temperature has a significant effect on the tensile and flexural properties of kenaf-reinforced PLA biocomposites. When it is exposed to high temperatures, the mechanical quality deteriorates, and the risk of failure increases. Failure is caused by poor reinforcement and matrix bonding caused by the degradation of natural fiber properties of kenaf and the level of PLA plastic deformation.","PeriodicalId":17688,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kejuruteraan","volume":"165 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139202088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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