Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(6)-23
Mardhiyah Md Jan, N. Zainal, Siti Hajar Yusof
Telemedicine is a technology that promotes patient engagement and makes healthcare more affordable and accessible. Telehealth technologies are used in healthcare settings such as teleconferencing, patient data transfer, and shared remote learning. However, current teleconferencing has limited ability to perform annotation on real-time videos. The proposed surgery assistance system would revolutionize the medical surgery industries where surgery can be monitored remotely by a surgical specialist with minimal assistance. The supervising surgeon can provide assistance to his subordinates in the operating room by annotating on videos of body parts transmitted live then the annotation will be projected directly onto the patient’s body as physician’s guidance. A comprehensive surgery assistance system is proposed as there are not many open-source systems that can support this technology. The system is capable of detecting the reference points placed on the body parts that will be operated on. Any movement of the reference points should be detected by this system, which would also alert the user with a message when movement is detected. This process is critical to ensure that the video images delivered to the remote monitor are identical to the video images captured in the operating room. Python version 3.9.4 was used, along with its associated libraries, to develop the proposed system. Socket communication using Transport Control Protocol (TCP) is used to make video transmission more secure. The proposed graphical user interface was accessed experimentally using the functional and reliability tests with the average percentage of 92% and 95% respectively to ensure that it was well implemented and both of the proposed goals were achieved.
{"title":"Development of Graphical User Interface (GUI) for Surgery Assistance Application","authors":"Mardhiyah Md Jan, N. Zainal, Siti Hajar Yusof","doi":"10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(6)-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(6)-23","url":null,"abstract":"Telemedicine is a technology that promotes patient engagement and makes healthcare more affordable and accessible. Telehealth technologies are used in healthcare settings such as teleconferencing, patient data transfer, and shared remote learning. However, current teleconferencing has limited ability to perform annotation on real-time videos. The proposed surgery assistance system would revolutionize the medical surgery industries where surgery can be monitored remotely by a surgical specialist with minimal assistance. The supervising surgeon can provide assistance to his subordinates in the operating room by annotating on videos of body parts transmitted live then the annotation will be projected directly onto the patient’s body as physician’s guidance. A comprehensive surgery assistance system is proposed as there are not many open-source systems that can support this technology. The system is capable of detecting the reference points placed on the body parts that will be operated on. Any movement of the reference points should be detected by this system, which would also alert the user with a message when movement is detected. This process is critical to ensure that the video images delivered to the remote monitor are identical to the video images captured in the operating room. Python version 3.9.4 was used, along with its associated libraries, to develop the proposed system. Socket communication using Transport Control Protocol (TCP) is used to make video transmission more secure. The proposed graphical user interface was accessed experimentally using the functional and reliability tests with the average percentage of 92% and 95% respectively to ensure that it was well implemented and both of the proposed goals were achieved.","PeriodicalId":17688,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kejuruteraan","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139208569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(6)-08
Norazyan Rudi Hartono, Nabilah Afiqah Mohd Radzuan, Nisa Naima Khalid, A. Sulong
n additive manufacturing, polymer composites are often produced by using fuse deposition modeling (FDM) methods which usually have a clear effect on layer by layer due to incomplete bonding once it is been printed. FDM is one of the widely used 3D printing technology due to its fast printing speed and affordable cost. The mechanical characteristics of composite printed using the FDM technology are affected by the printing parameters of the FDM machine. The mechanical and tensile characteristics of polymer printed using FDM technology are also affected when it is exposed to high temperature. Therefore, this study is to identify the effect of high temperature towards the mechanical performance and tensile characteristics of FDM printed with 2 different printing temperature . A total of 18 samples with 2 different printing temperatures, are tested through a tensile test at temperature of 190°C, 200°C, and 210°C, scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA).
{"title":"3D Printed Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polyamides in High Temperature","authors":"Norazyan Rudi Hartono, Nabilah Afiqah Mohd Radzuan, Nisa Naima Khalid, A. Sulong","doi":"10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(6)-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(6)-08","url":null,"abstract":"n additive manufacturing, polymer composites are often produced by using fuse deposition modeling (FDM) methods which usually have a clear effect on layer by layer due to incomplete bonding once it is been printed. FDM is one of the widely used 3D printing technology due to its fast printing speed and affordable cost. The mechanical characteristics of composite printed using the FDM technology are affected by the printing parameters of the FDM machine. The mechanical and tensile characteristics of polymer printed using FDM technology are also affected when it is exposed to high temperature. Therefore, this study is to identify the effect of high temperature towards the mechanical performance and tensile characteristics of FDM printed with 2 different printing temperature . A total of 18 samples with 2 different printing temperatures, are tested through a tensile test at temperature of 190°C, 200°C, and 210°C, scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA).","PeriodicalId":17688,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kejuruteraan","volume":"65 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139196841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(6)-02
Israr Ahmad Awan, Syed Saqib Mehboob, Raja Wajaht Zahoor Khan
In this study, the effect of bentonite (BT) and dolomite (DT) on the mechanical and microstructural properties of concrete was evaluated on nine mixes. Cement was replaced with bentonite and dolomite by weight with varying mix ratios. The mixes are divided as M1 (Control mix), M2 (2.5% BT), M3 (2.5% DT), M4 (5% BT), M5 (5% DT), M6 (10% BT), M7 (10% DT), M8 (2.5% BT and 2.5% DT), and M9 (5% BT and 5% DT). Concrete specimens were subjected to mechanical and microstructural analysis tests. Mechanical test results show that the addition of bentonite (2.5%, 5%, and 10% ) leads to an increase in compressive strength (6.31%, 8.94%, and 13.15%) respectively. Similarly, the addition of 2.5% and 5% dolomite enhanced compressive strength by 10.52%, and 8.94% respectively, however, the addition of 10% dolomite reduced compressive strength by 6.8%. Replacement of cement with dolomite and bentonite individually also showed a small contribution to flexural and split tensile strength. Microstructural analysis shows that the addition of bentonite and dolomite filled the microstructure and refined the internal pores contributing to compressive strength. In addition, the replacement of cement with bentonite and dolomite enhanced the formation of CSH gel.
{"title":"Experimental Investigation of Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Concrete Containing Bentonite and Dolomite as a Partial Replacement of Cement","authors":"Israr Ahmad Awan, Syed Saqib Mehboob, Raja Wajaht Zahoor Khan","doi":"10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(6)-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(6)-02","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the effect of bentonite (BT) and dolomite (DT) on the mechanical and microstructural properties of concrete was evaluated on nine mixes. Cement was replaced with bentonite and dolomite by weight with varying mix ratios. The mixes are divided as M1 (Control mix), M2 (2.5% BT), M3 (2.5% DT), M4 (5% BT), M5 (5% DT), M6 (10% BT), M7 (10% DT), M8 (2.5% BT and 2.5% DT), and M9 (5% BT and 5% DT). Concrete specimens were subjected to mechanical and microstructural analysis tests. Mechanical test results show that the addition of bentonite (2.5%, 5%, and 10% ) leads to an increase in compressive strength (6.31%, 8.94%, and 13.15%) respectively. Similarly, the addition of 2.5% and 5% dolomite enhanced compressive strength by 10.52%, and 8.94% respectively, however, the addition of 10% dolomite reduced compressive strength by 6.8%. Replacement of cement with dolomite and bentonite individually also showed a small contribution to flexural and split tensile strength. Microstructural analysis shows that the addition of bentonite and dolomite filled the microstructure and refined the internal pores contributing to compressive strength. In addition, the replacement of cement with bentonite and dolomite enhanced the formation of CSH gel.","PeriodicalId":17688,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kejuruteraan","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139198140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(6)-03
Sara Tanveer, Sabeen Qureshi, Asifa Rasool
The rate of urbanisation is increasing in Pakistan as it develops. The connection to nature, however, is receding in urban settings as the country grows. Apartment buildings have been recognized as a characteristic type of urban housing due to the increasing intensity of land use in urban areas. In Hyderabad, one of the neglected aspects of urban living is the neglect of window design, orientation, and view through the window in apartment buildings. Windows are the primary means of communication between the inside and outside of the building. This paper highlights the significance of window views in urban setting in relation to sustainable development. Furthermore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of window views on apartment dwellers in Hyderabad and how it affects the sustainability of a building. The case studies were conducted on apartments in Qasimabad, along with a questionnaire survey based on the residents' preferences for window views and how the existing setting affects their behavior. After analyzing literature, conducting case studies, and completing a survey questionnaire, results suggest that window views promote pleasant emotions, productivity, health, and well-being, which contribute to a sustainable development.
{"title":"The Effect of Views through Windows on Apartment Dwellers in an Urban Setting: A Case Study of Hyderabad Apartments","authors":"Sara Tanveer, Sabeen Qureshi, Asifa Rasool","doi":"10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(6)-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(6)-03","url":null,"abstract":"The rate of urbanisation is increasing in Pakistan as it develops. The connection to nature, however, is receding in urban settings as the country grows. Apartment buildings have been recognized as a characteristic type of urban housing due to the increasing intensity of land use in urban areas. In Hyderabad, one of the neglected aspects of urban living is the neglect of window design, orientation, and view through the window in apartment buildings. Windows are the primary means of communication between the inside and outside of the building. This paper highlights the significance of window views in urban setting in relation to sustainable development. Furthermore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of window views on apartment dwellers in Hyderabad and how it affects the sustainability of a building. The case studies were conducted on apartments in Qasimabad, along with a questionnaire survey based on the residents' preferences for window views and how the existing setting affects their behavior. After analyzing literature, conducting case studies, and completing a survey questionnaire, results suggest that window views promote pleasant emotions, productivity, health, and well-being, which contribute to a sustainable development.","PeriodicalId":17688,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kejuruteraan","volume":"23 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139206037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(5)-14
Fatima Naz, Safeer Ahmed Abro, Nafees Ahmed Memon, Noman Ahmed
Construction industry of Pakistan has a great contribution in uprising the GDP of the country. When compared with the construction industries of some developed countries of the world it still lacks in utilizing the modern methods of construction. Most of the organizations are relying on traditional ways of construction and are not ready to equip themselves with the advanced techniques of construction that may help them do their projects more effectively and efficiently. Prefabrication is the future of modern and sustainable construction which can maximize the capability of constructing the structures without compromising not only the time, cost and quality of project but also the environment. Prefabrication is rapidly increasing in construction, and previous researchers have identified various positive impacts of prefabrication on projects. However, prefabricated construction is less preferred over traditional methods of construction in Pakistan. Therefore, a comparison is required between conventional RCC building and a prefabricated (precast RCC) building to unearth the potential benefits of adopting prefabrication on overall cost of project. To achieve this, a BIM based multi-dimensional model of conventional and prefabricated building is developed using Autodesk Revit. A detailed comparison between both the methods of construction with respect to material, labor, transportation and time made the benefits of prefabricated construction clear over conventional construction. Prefabrication method is 84% faster and costs about 13.46% less than conventional method of construction. This comprehensive contrast will help to better understand and encourage the construction industry to move towards the prefabricated construction.
{"title":"Cost Analysis and Economical Suitability of Prefabricated Concrete Structures in Building Construction","authors":"Fatima Naz, Safeer Ahmed Abro, Nafees Ahmed Memon, Noman Ahmed","doi":"10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(5)-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(5)-14","url":null,"abstract":"Construction industry of Pakistan has a great contribution in uprising the GDP of the country. When compared with the construction industries of some developed countries of the world it still lacks in utilizing the modern methods of construction. Most of the organizations are relying on traditional ways of construction and are not ready to equip themselves with the advanced techniques of construction that may help them do their projects more effectively and efficiently. Prefabrication is the future of modern and sustainable construction which can maximize the capability of constructing the structures without compromising not only the time, cost and quality of project but also the environment. Prefabrication is rapidly increasing in construction, and previous researchers have identified various positive impacts of prefabrication on projects. However, prefabricated construction is less preferred over traditional methods of construction in Pakistan. Therefore, a comparison is required between conventional RCC building and a prefabricated (precast RCC) building to unearth the potential benefits of adopting prefabrication on overall cost of project. To achieve this, a BIM based multi-dimensional model of conventional and prefabricated building is developed using Autodesk Revit. A detailed comparison between both the methods of construction with respect to material, labor, transportation and time made the benefits of prefabricated construction clear over conventional construction. Prefabrication method is 84% faster and costs about 13.46% less than conventional method of construction. This comprehensive contrast will help to better understand and encourage the construction industry to move towards the prefabricated construction.","PeriodicalId":17688,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kejuruteraan","volume":"170 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139332237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(5)-13
Mashood Rehman, Fahad Ali Shaikh, Abdul Rehman, Talha Hussain, Abdul Manan
Increasing construction activity around the globe has raised the demand for cement to 4.4 giga-tonnes/year, making it costlier, and its consumption second to water. Meanwhile, a tonne of clinker produces a tonne of CO2 on a large consumption of natural resources of raw materials and energy of 10–11 EJ/year, which is why an affordable and environmentally sustainable substitute for cement is needed today. Pakistan possesses more than 30 million buffalos. Each can produce up to 15 kg of dung per day, resulting in 450 million kg of dung produced in Pakistan alone. This research aims to investigate the pozzolanic activity of Buffalo dung ash and determine the optimum conditions for developing the ash, along with the optimum dosage as cement replacing material in Normal concrete. For this purpose, five buffalo dung ash samples were prepared by calcining the dung in a muffle furnace for a 1-hour duration at 400°C, 500°C, 600°C, 700°C, and 800°C, and after cooling, sieving through a No. 100 sieve. The Strength Activity Index was determined as per ASTM C311. The results showed that developed ash at 600oC has a maximum Strength Activity Index of 94.2%, meeting the ASTM C618 standards for pozzolanic material, which was further confirmed by X-ray Fluorescence analysis. Furthermore, when 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of this ash were used as cement substitutes in concrete, the compressive strength increased by 11.2% on 10% substitution compared to the control mix. Based on the parameters investigated, it was found optimal to replace 10% of the cement in the concrete with buffalo dung calcined at 600°C for 1 hour.
{"title":"Determination of Pozzolanic Activity of Buffalo Dung Ash to Utilize as Cement Replacement Material in Concrete","authors":"Mashood Rehman, Fahad Ali Shaikh, Abdul Rehman, Talha Hussain, Abdul Manan","doi":"10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(5)-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(5)-13","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing construction activity around the globe has raised the demand for cement to 4.4 giga-tonnes/year, making it costlier, and its consumption second to water. Meanwhile, a tonne of clinker produces a tonne of CO2 on a large consumption of natural resources of raw materials and energy of 10–11 EJ/year, which is why an affordable and environmentally sustainable substitute for cement is needed today. Pakistan possesses more than 30 million buffalos. Each can produce up to 15 kg of dung per day, resulting in 450 million kg of dung produced in Pakistan alone. This research aims to investigate the pozzolanic activity of Buffalo dung ash and determine the optimum conditions for developing the ash, along with the optimum dosage as cement replacing material in Normal concrete. For this purpose, five buffalo dung ash samples were prepared by calcining the dung in a muffle furnace for a 1-hour duration at 400°C, 500°C, 600°C, 700°C, and 800°C, and after cooling, sieving through a No. 100 sieve. The Strength Activity Index was determined as per ASTM C311. The results showed that developed ash at 600oC has a maximum Strength Activity Index of 94.2%, meeting the ASTM C618 standards for pozzolanic material, which was further confirmed by X-ray Fluorescence analysis. Furthermore, when 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of this ash were used as cement substitutes in concrete, the compressive strength increased by 11.2% on 10% substitution compared to the control mix. Based on the parameters investigated, it was found optimal to replace 10% of the cement in the concrete with buffalo dung calcined at 600°C for 1 hour.","PeriodicalId":17688,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kejuruteraan","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139333990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(5)-10
Abdul Mueed Yousfani, Muhammad Saleem Raza, Muhammad Ali Moriyani, Tauha Hussain Ali
Modern day world gives huge importance to sustainable construction and demolition (C&D). Governments and companies all over the world, are striving to develop methods, which reduce waste. A good step is to reduce, reuse and recycle (3R principle) construction and demolition waste. Essential for these activities is to have proper estimates of waste, that would be generated on construction and demolition of structures. Current practice in construction industry compromises on accurate estimation and audit of waste produced and recycled in construction and demolition. Considering this anomaly, this research is conducted to develop a BIM based system, for better waste estimation. The system is aimed towards estimating total waste produced, along with classifying waste that could be recycled or that must be disposed after building demolition. Initially, available waste estimation systems and their limitations are analysed. Consequently, a waste estimation is performed on a residential building model designed in Revit structures software. Successively, the data from Revit is input to a software programmed in C++ language to get estimates of waste. The research results into formation of a framework that estimates waste for any building required to be demolished. The framework has capability of estimating amount of total waste generated along with the amount of recyclable and disposable waste. Along with that, the framework gives an estimate of the cost of total amount of waste produced, specifying amount saved on recycling/reusing.
当今世界非常重视可持续的建筑和拆除（C&D）。世界各国政府和公司都在努力开发减少废物的方法。减少、再利用和再循环（3R 原则）建筑和拆除废料就是一个很好的步骤。这些活动的关键是对建筑和拆卸过程中产生的废物进行适当估算。目前建筑行业的做法是，对建筑和拆除过程中产生和回收的废物进行准确估算和审计。考虑到这一反常现象，本研究旨在开发一个基于 BIM 的系统，以更好地估算废弃物。该系统旨在估算所产生的废弃物总量，并对可回收利用的废弃物和建筑拆除后必须处理的废弃物进行分类。首先，对现有的废物估算系统及其局限性进行了分析。随后，对使用 Revit 结构软件设计的住宅建筑模型进行了废物估算。随后，将 Revit 中的数据输入到一个用 C++ 语言编写的软件中，以获得废物估算结果。研究结果形成了一个框架，可对任何需要拆除的建筑物进行废料估算。该框架能够估算产生的废物总量，以及可回收和一次性废物的数量。此外，该框架还能估算出所产生的废物总量的成本，并说明回收/再利用所节省的数量。
{"title":"Building Information Modelling (BIM) based Framework for Construction and Demolition Waste Estimation and Management","authors":"Abdul Mueed Yousfani, Muhammad Saleem Raza, Muhammad Ali Moriyani, Tauha Hussain Ali","doi":"10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(5)-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(5)-10","url":null,"abstract":"Modern day world gives huge importance to sustainable construction and demolition (C&D). Governments and companies all over the world, are striving to develop methods, which reduce waste. A good step is to reduce, reuse and recycle (3R principle) construction and demolition waste. Essential for these activities is to have proper estimates of waste, that would be generated on construction and demolition of structures. Current practice in construction industry compromises on accurate estimation and audit of waste produced and recycled in construction and demolition. Considering this anomaly, this research is conducted to develop a BIM based system, for better waste estimation. The system is aimed towards estimating total waste produced, along with classifying waste that could be recycled or that must be disposed after building demolition. Initially, available waste estimation systems and their limitations are analysed. Consequently, a waste estimation is performed on a residential building model designed in Revit structures software. Successively, the data from Revit is input to a software programmed in C++ language to get estimates of waste. The research results into formation of a framework that estimates waste for any building required to be demolished. The framework has capability of estimating amount of total waste generated along with the amount of recyclable and disposable waste. Along with that, the framework gives an estimate of the cost of total amount of waste produced, specifying amount saved on recycling/reusing.","PeriodicalId":17688,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kejuruteraan","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139332780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(5)-04
Fatin Nasha Izaty Mohd Nasir, Ulul Azmi, Muhammad Rizal, J. A. Ghani, Haniff Abdul Rahman, M. Nuawi
The process of machining involves the removal of metal from the work material using one or more cutting tool and depending on the type of machine and machining process such as turning, milling, or grinding processes. These are the major machining processes in the manufacturing industry. In this study, a turning process of S45C carbon steel work material was conducted using a carbide cutting tool. Due to its desirable characteristics in term of qualities and affordable for mass production, S45C material is frequently used in the industry to produce automotive components. The focus of this study was to develop a database for monitoring the condition of the cutting edge during the machining operation by referring to the cutting force and the average of flank wear land (VB) at the cutting edge. The machining process was conducted in a dry condition without lubricants or coolants. The machining parameters used were cutting speed, V = 200 m/min, feed rate, f = 0.2 mm/rev, and depth of cut, d = 0.25 mm. The machining condition chosen in this study is similar with the machining condition used in the industry for machining S45C. The machining results found that the tool life was 119 minutes at flank wear, Vb = 0.3 mm. The relationship between cutting force and flank wear has been developed to establish a database based on the 2D I-Kaz coefficient. The 2D I-Kaz coefficient is then used for the purpose of monitoring and predicting the status of the cutting tool condition in the next machining process. The online monitoring of the cutting tool condition is expected to be able to control the quality of the components produced as well as to ensure that only worn-out cutting tool is replaced.
机械加工过程包括使用一种或多种切削工具从工件材料中去除金属，具体取决于机床类型和加工工艺，如车削、铣削或磨削工艺。这些都是制造业中的主要加工工艺。在本研究中，使用硬质合金刀具对 S45C 碳钢工件材料进行了车削加工。由于 S45C 材料具有理想的质量特性，而且价格适中，适合大规模生产，因此经常被用于生产汽车零部件。本研究的重点是开发一个数据库，通过参考切削力和切削刃侧面磨损土地（VB）的平均值，监测加工操作过程中的切削刃状况。加工过程在无润滑剂或冷却剂的干燥条件下进行。使用的加工参数为切削速度 V = 200 m/min，进给速度 f = 0.2 mm/rev，切削深度 d = 0.25 mm。本研究选择的加工条件与业界加工 S45C 时使用的加工条件相似。加工结果表明，在侧面磨损 Vb = 0.3 毫米时，刀具寿命为 119 分钟。切削力与刀面磨损之间的关系是基于二维 I-Kaz 系数建立的数据库。二维 I-Kaz 系数可用于监测和预测下一个加工过程中的切削刀具状态。对切削工具状态的在线监测有望控制所生产部件的质量，并确保只更换磨损的切削工具。
{"title":"Development of Cutting Force Database in Machining S45C For Monitoring the Status of Cutting Tool Wear","authors":"Fatin Nasha Izaty Mohd Nasir, Ulul Azmi, Muhammad Rizal, J. A. Ghani, Haniff Abdul Rahman, M. Nuawi","doi":"10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(5)-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(5)-04","url":null,"abstract":"The process of machining involves the removal of metal from the work material using one or more cutting tool and depending on the type of machine and machining process such as turning, milling, or grinding processes. These are the major machining processes in the manufacturing industry. In this study, a turning process of S45C carbon steel work material was conducted using a carbide cutting tool. Due to its desirable characteristics in term of qualities and affordable for mass production, S45C material is frequently used in the industry to produce automotive components. The focus of this study was to develop a database for monitoring the condition of the cutting edge during the machining operation by referring to the cutting force and the average of flank wear land (VB) at the cutting edge. The machining process was conducted in a dry condition without lubricants or coolants. The machining parameters used were cutting speed, V = 200 m/min, feed rate, f = 0.2 mm/rev, and depth of cut, d = 0.25 mm. The machining condition chosen in this study is similar with the machining condition used in the industry for machining S45C. The machining results found that the tool life was 119 minutes at flank wear, Vb = 0.3 mm. The relationship between cutting force and flank wear has been developed to establish a database based on the 2D I-Kaz coefficient. The 2D I-Kaz coefficient is then used for the purpose of monitoring and predicting the status of the cutting tool condition in the next machining process. The online monitoring of the cutting tool condition is expected to be able to control the quality of the components produced as well as to ensure that only worn-out cutting tool is replaced.","PeriodicalId":17688,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kejuruteraan","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139333287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(5)-07
Fatemeh Baradari, Zulkifli Mohd Nopiah, Sabirin Ja’afar, Mazlinawati Abdul Majid, Nor Aieni Mokhtar, Izyan Munirah Mohd Zaideen, Mohamad Rosni Othman
The Malaysia-Thailand Joint Development Area (MTJDA) Authority was legally formed in 1979 by a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) and a 1990 Agreement on the Constitution and Other Matters of MTJDA between the Malaysian and Thai governments. The MOU's main goal is to explore and exploit oil and gas resources in a contested maritime area. According to the agreement, the Joint Development Area (JDA) is located in the North Malay Basin, off the coast of Thailand. This was a bilateral agreement permitted by the UNCLOS. Since production began in 2005, the area has significantly aided Malaysia and Thailand's economic and energy security. The goal of this research is to look into the issues and challenges in political and economic aspects that could affect the bilateral agreement once it expires in 2028. The perspectives of decision-makers, industry participants, and government officials were gathered through qualitative methods, which included secondary data and interviews. The results show that the Malaysia-Thailand Joint Development Area has been a close partnership for the past 40 years, and both countries should keep the agreement because the JDA is defined as joint efforts by Malaysia and Thailand to explore and exploit natural gas resources through enhanced bilateral diplomatic relations, as well as contribute to global economic growth. Under the current JDA, the emphasis is on strengthening bilateral diplomatic relations through cooperative cooperation. Because the current arrangements benefit both countries in terms of strengthening their partnership, Malaysia and Thailand should keep the agreement in place.
{"title":"Energy Security in the Malaysia-Thailand Joint Development Area: Political and Economic Risk Factors","authors":"Fatemeh Baradari, Zulkifli Mohd Nopiah, Sabirin Ja’afar, Mazlinawati Abdul Majid, Nor Aieni Mokhtar, Izyan Munirah Mohd Zaideen, Mohamad Rosni Othman","doi":"10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(5)-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(5)-07","url":null,"abstract":"The Malaysia-Thailand Joint Development Area (MTJDA) Authority was legally formed in 1979 by a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) and a 1990 Agreement on the Constitution and Other Matters of MTJDA between the Malaysian and Thai governments. The MOU's main goal is to explore and exploit oil and gas resources in a contested maritime area. According to the agreement, the Joint Development Area (JDA) is located in the North Malay Basin, off the coast of Thailand. This was a bilateral agreement permitted by the UNCLOS. Since production began in 2005, the area has significantly aided Malaysia and Thailand's economic and energy security. The goal of this research is to look into the issues and challenges in political and economic aspects that could affect the bilateral agreement once it expires in 2028. The perspectives of decision-makers, industry participants, and government officials were gathered through qualitative methods, which included secondary data and interviews. The results show that the Malaysia-Thailand Joint Development Area has been a close partnership for the past 40 years, and both countries should keep the agreement because the JDA is defined as joint efforts by Malaysia and Thailand to explore and exploit natural gas resources through enhanced bilateral diplomatic relations, as well as contribute to global economic growth. Under the current JDA, the emphasis is on strengthening bilateral diplomatic relations through cooperative cooperation. Because the current arrangements benefit both countries in terms of strengthening their partnership, Malaysia and Thailand should keep the agreement in place.","PeriodicalId":17688,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kejuruteraan","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139333585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(5)-17
H. Nerkar, Prasanta Kundu, Anandita Chowdhury
A modern power system with a generation mix of conventional and renewable energy sources (RES) creates stability issues. This requires a detailed analysis of the system with an exact share of active power through the generating sources according to nature, location, and control. The interconnected network with a large number of rotating machines at the generation side works coherently with each other. As the share of RES increases, it leads to reduce rotational inertia in the power system. The most important factor affected by inertia is the rate of change of frequency (RoCoF). The higher RoCoF leads the system more vulnerable to small disturbances in the power system. In a large power system network with numerous generating sources and transmission lines, it is difficult to determine the availability of inertia in the system. This paper incorporates the concept of graph theory in the IEEE 30 bus system to analyze the impact of heterogenous inertia distribution on frequency stability. The graph theory network gives the idea about the distance between the nodes and it is helpful to find the share of power from the generating sources. In this paper, we calculate the shortest path between the nodes or substations by using Dijkstra's algorithm. The betweenness centrality of the node detects the vulnerable nodes in the system from the frequency response point of view.
{"title":"An Analysis of The Effect of Heterogeneously Distributed Inertia Constant in Generation Mix Power System by Using the Graph Theory and Dijkstra’s Algorithm","authors":"H. Nerkar, Prasanta Kundu, Anandita Chowdhury","doi":"10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(5)-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(5)-17","url":null,"abstract":"A modern power system with a generation mix of conventional and renewable energy sources (RES) creates stability issues. This requires a detailed analysis of the system with an exact share of active power through the generating sources according to nature, location, and control. The interconnected network with a large number of rotating machines at the generation side works coherently with each other. As the share of RES increases, it leads to reduce rotational inertia in the power system. The most important factor affected by inertia is the rate of change of frequency (RoCoF). The higher RoCoF leads the system more vulnerable to small disturbances in the power system. In a large power system network with numerous generating sources and transmission lines, it is difficult to determine the availability of inertia in the system. This paper incorporates the concept of graph theory in the IEEE 30 bus system to analyze the impact of heterogenous inertia distribution on frequency stability. The graph theory network gives the idea about the distance between the nodes and it is helpful to find the share of power from the generating sources. In this paper, we calculate the shortest path between the nodes or substations by using Dijkstra's algorithm. The betweenness centrality of the node detects the vulnerable nodes in the system from the frequency response point of view.","PeriodicalId":17688,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kejuruteraan","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139333714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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