Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(3)-11
Shahirah Hayati Mohd Salleh, Wan Hanna Melini Wan Mohtar, Khairul Nizam Abdul Maulud, Ibrahiem Al-Ani
Estuaries are transition zones between the sea and inland rivers, where oceanic tidal waves and fluvial flows control hydrodynamic processes. However, these natural changes and implications are not thoroughly understood, particularly in tropical estuaries. The interactions between tidal and riverine flows in the Kuala Pahang Estuary were examined using numerical modelling techniques applying TELEMAC2D. Our results model demonstrate that prolonged heavy rainfall significantly impacted water levels in the estuary system during the neap tide cycle. Moreover, the results show that the tidal range and current speed significantly influenced estuary morphological changes. The flood-ebb current can affect sediment transport near the river bank, leading to erosion. Meanwhile, the ebb-flood current significantly affected the bed sediment and suspension in the estuary mouth area while deposition happens during the slack water, either flood or ebb. Our results have a major impact on estuary morphology and sediment transport in the estuary water column, which will lead to a reduction in estuary water quality and the local economy, particularly fisheries.
{"title":"Hydrodynamic Modelling: Estuary Dynamic Implication to Morphological Changes","authors":"Shahirah Hayati Mohd Salleh, Wan Hanna Melini Wan Mohtar, Khairul Nizam Abdul Maulud, Ibrahiem Al-Ani","doi":"10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(3)-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(3)-11","url":null,"abstract":"Estuaries are transition zones between the sea and inland rivers, where oceanic tidal waves and fluvial flows control hydrodynamic processes. However, these natural changes and implications are not thoroughly understood, particularly in tropical estuaries. The interactions between tidal and riverine flows in the Kuala Pahang Estuary were examined using numerical modelling techniques applying TELEMAC2D. Our results model demonstrate that prolonged heavy rainfall significantly impacted water levels in the estuary system during the neap tide cycle. Moreover, the results show that the tidal range and current speed significantly influenced estuary morphological changes. The flood-ebb current can affect sediment transport near the river bank, leading to erosion. Meanwhile, the ebb-flood current significantly affected the bed sediment and suspension in the estuary mouth area while deposition happens during the slack water, either flood or ebb. Our results have a major impact on estuary morphology and sediment transport in the estuary water column, which will lead to a reduction in estuary water quality and the local economy, particularly fisheries.","PeriodicalId":17688,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kejuruteraan","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135693373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(3)-17
Muhammad Azzam Ismail, Fahanim Abdul Rashid
Rising thermal comfort expectations during worship at mosques in Malaysia have led to increasingly high carbon emissions due to electricity consumption for cooling. An increasing number of existing mosques in urban and affluent areas are retrofitted with extensive air-conditioning systems. In addition, new mosques are designed with active rather than passive cooling techniques. At the same time, although widely promoted in Islam, sustainable ways of living, including water and resource conservation, equitable physical and knowledge access, and community bonding, are not being actively promoted and practiced by the mosques communities. Therefore, this paper presents a descriptive study of the Green Building Index certified Raja Fi Sabilillah Mosque in Cyberjaya, Malaysia. This study aims to uncover practical green and sustainable architecture elements that could be implemented at other mosques. This study observed a high amount of renewable energy generated at this large mosque. Further, energy is conserved by using passive cooling, natural daylighting, and LED indoor lighting. Other installed features are water-saving taps, wheelchair access, and a disabled ablution booth. Overall, this case study points toward a sustainable mosque through a green architecture approach that could be widely implemented for the betterment of the Ummah.
在马来西亚，人们在清真寺做礼拜时对热舒适的期望越来越高，这导致了越来越高的碳排放，这是由于冷却的电力消耗造成的。在城市和富裕地区，越来越多的现有清真寺都安装了广泛的空调系统。此外，新清真寺的设计采用主动而非被动冷却技术。与此同时，虽然伊斯兰教广泛提倡可持续的生活方式，包括节约用水和资源、公平的物质和知识获取以及社区联系，但清真寺社区并没有积极提倡和实践这些方式。因此，本文对马来西亚赛城的Raja Fi Sabilillah清真寺进行了绿色建筑指数认证的描述性研究。本研究旨在揭示可在其他清真寺实施的实用绿色和可持续建筑元素。这项研究观察到这座大清真寺产生了大量的可再生能源。此外，通过使用被动式冷却、自然采光和LED室内照明来节约能源。其他安装的设施包括节水水龙头、轮椅通道和残疾人盥洗室。总的来说，这个案例研究指出了一个可持续的清真寺，通过绿色建筑的方法，可以广泛实施，以改善Ummah。
{"title":"Green Architecture Approach Toward Sustainable Mosques in Malaysia","authors":"Muhammad Azzam Ismail, Fahanim Abdul Rashid","doi":"10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(3)-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(3)-17","url":null,"abstract":"Rising thermal comfort expectations during worship at mosques in Malaysia have led to increasingly high carbon emissions due to electricity consumption for cooling. An increasing number of existing mosques in urban and affluent areas are retrofitted with extensive air-conditioning systems. In addition, new mosques are designed with active rather than passive cooling techniques. At the same time, although widely promoted in Islam, sustainable ways of living, including water and resource conservation, equitable physical and knowledge access, and community bonding, are not being actively promoted and practiced by the mosques communities. Therefore, this paper presents a descriptive study of the Green Building Index certified Raja Fi Sabilillah Mosque in Cyberjaya, Malaysia. This study aims to uncover practical green and sustainable architecture elements that could be implemented at other mosques. This study observed a high amount of renewable energy generated at this large mosque. Further, energy is conserved by using passive cooling, natural daylighting, and LED indoor lighting. Other installed features are water-saving taps, wheelchair access, and a disabled ablution booth. Overall, this case study points toward a sustainable mosque through a green architecture approach that could be widely implemented for the betterment of the Ummah.","PeriodicalId":17688,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kejuruteraan","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135691819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(3)-01
Siti Khairunisa Zainal, Muhamad Nazri Borhan, Muhamad Razuhanafi Mat Yazid, Ahmad Nazrul Hakimi Ibrahim
Road accidents among pedestrian become an important issue that needs to be mitigated due to high injuries and fatalities cases. Pedestrian is a weakest group of people compared to the drivers because they are not fully protected. The accidents involving pedestrian may occur due to their own negative crossing behaviour. This study is purposely to identify the effectiveness of theory of planned behaviour (TPB) in predicting pedestrian behaviour. TPB has three main constructs which are attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control that significant to behavioural intention. Some studies used extended TPB by adding other constructs such as moral norms, perceived risk, conformity tendency, perceived severity, and past behaviour to predict pedestrian behaviour more accurately. This study used a literature approach where some of the previous studies are examined and the results of the studies are being analysed using descriptive analysis. The results show that TPB is suitable to predict pedestrian behaviour because the constructs are significant and comply with its fit. This study also shows that pedestrian behaviours are differ according to their age and gender. Most of previous studied states that young people tends to perform risky behaviours compared to old people. Children pedestrian are more vulnerable and have a high tendency to involve in road accidents and have a high fatality risk. Men are more risk-taking compared to women and men have high tendency to violate road regulations and exposed to injuries and fatality while women have more positive crossing behaviour.
{"title":"The Application of Theory of Planned Behaviour in Pedestrian Safety: A Literature Approach","authors":"Siti Khairunisa Zainal, Muhamad Nazri Borhan, Muhamad Razuhanafi Mat Yazid, Ahmad Nazrul Hakimi Ibrahim","doi":"10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(3)-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(3)-01","url":null,"abstract":"Road accidents among pedestrian become an important issue that needs to be mitigated due to high injuries and fatalities cases. Pedestrian is a weakest group of people compared to the drivers because they are not fully protected. The accidents involving pedestrian may occur due to their own negative crossing behaviour. This study is purposely to identify the effectiveness of theory of planned behaviour (TPB) in predicting pedestrian behaviour. TPB has three main constructs which are attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control that significant to behavioural intention. Some studies used extended TPB by adding other constructs such as moral norms, perceived risk, conformity tendency, perceived severity, and past behaviour to predict pedestrian behaviour more accurately. This study used a literature approach where some of the previous studies are examined and the results of the studies are being analysed using descriptive analysis. The results show that TPB is suitable to predict pedestrian behaviour because the constructs are significant and comply with its fit. This study also shows that pedestrian behaviours are differ according to their age and gender. Most of previous studied states that young people tends to perform risky behaviours compared to old people. Children pedestrian are more vulnerable and have a high tendency to involve in road accidents and have a high fatality risk. Men are more risk-taking compared to women and men have high tendency to violate road regulations and exposed to injuries and fatality while women have more positive crossing behaviour.","PeriodicalId":17688,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kejuruteraan","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135691824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(3)-06
Nur Amalina Muhamad, Fazlinashatul Suhaidah Zahid, Norhalida Othman, Nor Diyana Md Sin
The Covid-19 global infection has significantly influenced people’s health, resulting in sudden changes in lifestyle through social exclusion and isolation. To break the transmission and terrifying health threat of Covid-19, the Malaysian Government imposed a Movement Control Order (MCO) starting March 18, 2020, by restricting movement and contact. The Covid-19 pandemic emphasized the importance of the digital inclusion agenda, and the application of Internet of Things (IoT) services has given tremendous benefits in various disciplines, as it helps maintain physical distance during the pandemic. Modern lifestyles are being transformed by the IoT revolution by embracing technological, economic, and social prospects. In fact, many sectors in Malaysia would be transformed through the application of IoT, particularly in productivity, and services. Thus, this review paper discusses IoT’s most recent breakthroughs and applications that are used in Malaysia during the Covid-19 crisis. Furthermore, it investigates current IoT implementation and discusses the potential impact of the pandemic on the application of IoT in terms of technology trends and economic impact. IoT is worth mentioning as one of the technologies demonstrating its importance and capabilities in mitigating the severity of the pandemic within the country. This article delves into the applications, social and economic impact, and barriers to the widespread adoption of IoT in the Covid-19 pandemic. This review paper will be useful to academic researchers, business professionals, organizations in various sectors, and anyone interested in determining IoT services’ impact on pandemics.
{"title":"The Role of IoT Technologies in Malaysia During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Mini-Revie","authors":"Nur Amalina Muhamad, Fazlinashatul Suhaidah Zahid, Norhalida Othman, Nor Diyana Md Sin","doi":"10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(3)-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(3)-06","url":null,"abstract":"The Covid-19 global infection has significantly influenced people’s health, resulting in sudden changes in lifestyle through social exclusion and isolation. To break the transmission and terrifying health threat of Covid-19, the Malaysian Government imposed a Movement Control Order (MCO) starting March 18, 2020, by restricting movement and contact. The Covid-19 pandemic emphasized the importance of the digital inclusion agenda, and the application of Internet of Things (IoT) services has given tremendous benefits in various disciplines, as it helps maintain physical distance during the pandemic. Modern lifestyles are being transformed by the IoT revolution by embracing technological, economic, and social prospects. In fact, many sectors in Malaysia would be transformed through the application of IoT, particularly in productivity, and services. Thus, this review paper discusses IoT’s most recent breakthroughs and applications that are used in Malaysia during the Covid-19 crisis. Furthermore, it investigates current IoT implementation and discusses the potential impact of the pandemic on the application of IoT in terms of technology trends and economic impact. IoT is worth mentioning as one of the technologies demonstrating its importance and capabilities in mitigating the severity of the pandemic within the country. This article delves into the applications, social and economic impact, and barriers to the widespread adoption of IoT in the Covid-19 pandemic. This review paper will be useful to academic researchers, business professionals, organizations in various sectors, and anyone interested in determining IoT services’ impact on pandemics.","PeriodicalId":17688,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kejuruteraan","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135693067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(3)-12
Nur Athirah binti Khalit, Zuraini binti Denan, Aliyah Nur Zafirah binti Sanusi, Norwina binti Mohd Nawawi
Traditional vernacular architectures in Malaysia include public buildings such as a masjid were designed with the tropical climate in mind and have proven to be an excellent example of providing indoor thermal comfort to the occupants. It is a naturally ventilated building being greatly influenced by the building designs. In traditional vernacular architecture, the roof is the main building enclosure that contributes to the total heat gain. Hence, the research aims to assess the indoor thermal condition of Masjid Kampung Laut, Kelantan, the first traditional vernacular masjid in Malaysia. Data were collected using the method of field measurement to evaluate the indoor comfort level of the masjid, in terms of indoor air temperature, air velocity, and relative humidity. The results demonstrate that the average indoor air temperature is acceptable and Masjid Kampung Laut responded favorably to the local climate. However, it is believed that with an increase of 0.4m/s to 1.2m/s of air movement, will further enhance indoor thermal comfort. Therefore, the findings can guide further thermal comfort prediction studies for other naturally ventilated buildings. Several other potential passive design strategies for roof design are proposed in this study to achieve acceptable indoor thermal comfort conditions for the masjid in Malaysia.
马来西亚的传统乡土建筑包括公共建筑，如清真寺，在设计时考虑到热带气候，并已被证明是为居住者提供室内热舒适的一个很好的例子。它是一个自然通风的建筑，受建筑设计的影响很大。在传统的乡土建筑中，屋顶是主要的建筑围护结构，有助于获得总热量。因此，本研究旨在评估马来西亚第一座传统民居清真寺吉兰丹甘榜劳清真寺(Masjid Kampung Laut)的室内热状况。采用现场测量的方法收集数据，从室内空气温度、风速和相对湿度等方面评价清真寺的室内舒适度。结果表明，平均室内温度是可以接受的，甘榜劳清真寺对当地气候有良好的反应。但是，相信随着0.4m/s到1.2m/s的空气移动，将进一步增强室内热舒适性。因此，研究结果可以指导其他自然通风建筑的热舒适预测研究。本研究提出了其他几种潜在的被动式屋顶设计策略，以实现马来西亚清真寺可接受的室内热舒适条件。
{"title":"Assessment of Indoor Thermal Condition on Traditional Vernacular Masjid: A Case Study on Masjid Kampung Laut, Malaysia","authors":"Nur Athirah binti Khalit, Zuraini binti Denan, Aliyah Nur Zafirah binti Sanusi, Norwina binti Mohd Nawawi","doi":"10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(3)-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(3)-12","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional vernacular architectures in Malaysia include public buildings such as a masjid were designed with the tropical climate in mind and have proven to be an excellent example of providing indoor thermal comfort to the occupants. It is a naturally ventilated building being greatly influenced by the building designs. In traditional vernacular architecture, the roof is the main building enclosure that contributes to the total heat gain. Hence, the research aims to assess the indoor thermal condition of Masjid Kampung Laut, Kelantan, the first traditional vernacular masjid in Malaysia. Data were collected using the method of field measurement to evaluate the indoor comfort level of the masjid, in terms of indoor air temperature, air velocity, and relative humidity. The results demonstrate that the average indoor air temperature is acceptable and Masjid Kampung Laut responded favorably to the local climate. However, it is believed that with an increase of 0.4m/s to 1.2m/s of air movement, will further enhance indoor thermal comfort. Therefore, the findings can guide further thermal comfort prediction studies for other naturally ventilated buildings. Several other potential passive design strategies for roof design are proposed in this study to achieve acceptable indoor thermal comfort conditions for the masjid in Malaysia.","PeriodicalId":17688,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kejuruteraan","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135693377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(2)-16
Ikhmal Zariq Al Imran Jamal Ikhsan, N. Abd. Rahman, J. Mohd Ali
Hydrogen is the main choice of renewable fuel since it brings significant benefits compared with the other conventional fuels, such as the use of waste substrate, cleaner and highest energy density. Biological hydrogen production route is cost efficient since it can be processed in ambient conditions, easy operational techniques while keeping the environment safe. Dark fermentation to produce bio-hydrogen has received widespread attention from researchers in the present decades especially due to not requires light sources. This work is a study of the optimization of process conditions particularly pH and temperature of a dark fermentation bioreactor to produce Bio-H2 from palm oil mill effluent (POME) by using fuzzy logic controller. The simulation started by developing process and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) of bioreactor. Then a conventional PID controller and fuzzy logic controller were simulated by using MATLAB SIMULINK and the results were compared with each other in terms of safety aspect. The temperature of 37oC and pH of 6 is the optimum conditions that needs to be maintained to yield the hydrogen at 2.79 mol H2 mol-1 glucose. The pH is able to reach optimum value at 600s and 30s by using the PID controller and fuzzy logic controller, respectively. Same goes to temperature control, where the parameter reaches optimum value at 200s and 0.3s respectively. Based on these promising results, fuzzy logic controller is a good replacement for the conventional control systems since it requires shorter time to optimize process conditions, consequently making sure the safety aspect is well guaranteed.
{"title":"Temperature and pH Control of Dark Fermentation Bioreactor to Produce Biohydrogen from Palm Oil Mill Effluent by Using Fuzzy Logic Controller","authors":"Ikhmal Zariq Al Imran Jamal Ikhsan, N. Abd. Rahman, J. Mohd Ali","doi":"10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(2)-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(2)-16","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen is the main choice of renewable fuel since it brings significant benefits compared with the other conventional fuels, such as the use of waste substrate, cleaner and highest energy density. Biological hydrogen production route is cost efficient since it can be processed in ambient conditions, easy operational techniques while keeping the environment safe. Dark fermentation to produce bio-hydrogen has received widespread attention from researchers in the present decades especially due to not requires light sources. This work is a study of the optimization of process conditions particularly pH and temperature of a dark fermentation bioreactor to produce Bio-H2 from palm oil mill effluent (POME) by using fuzzy logic controller. The simulation started by developing process and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) of bioreactor. Then a conventional PID controller and fuzzy logic controller were simulated by using MATLAB SIMULINK and the results were compared with each other in terms of safety aspect. The temperature of 37oC and pH of 6 is the optimum conditions that needs to be maintained to yield the hydrogen at 2.79 mol H2 mol-1 glucose. The pH is able to reach optimum value at 600s and 30s by using the PID controller and fuzzy logic controller, respectively. Same goes to temperature control, where the parameter reaches optimum value at 200s and 0.3s respectively. Based on these promising results, fuzzy logic controller is a good replacement for the conventional control systems since it requires shorter time to optimize process conditions, consequently making sure the safety aspect is well guaranteed.","PeriodicalId":17688,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kejuruteraan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41726967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(2)-05
R. Abu, Muhammad Arif Ab Aziz, C.H. Che Hassan, Zainura Zainon Noor, Rohaya Abd Jalil
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is especially useful in the treatment of organic waste sources, such as food waste (FW) since AD can support the generation of clean energy while preventing the hazards of uncontrolled GHG pollution originating from landfills. However, the potential environmental impacts of dry AD and integrated wet AD treatment are largely unknown, particularly in Malaysia. Thus, this study aimed to compare the potential environmental impacts of four FW treatment technologies in Malaysia: landfill (Sc0), dry anaerobic digestion (Sc1), wet anaerobic digestion combined with windrow composting (Sc2), and wet anaerobic digestion combined with windrow composting and landfill (Sc3). The scenario modelling was performed via GaBi v6.0 software using 1 ton of pre-treated FW as a functional unit, with the analysis of environmental impact scores being based on the ReCiPe (H) v1.07 characterization method. At the midpoint assessment, the Sc1 produced extensive improvements in 12 mid-point impact categories, being the most environmentally favoured FW treatment method compared to the other options in critical categories such as global warming, depletion of fossils and agricultural land occupation. The Sc1 mesophilic conducting reactor in this study used less energy for heating, without generating waste water while requiring a small operating area. Sc3 had the lowest environmental performance since the emissions into the air from windrow composting and landfill were discharged completely without any form of treatment like capturing or flaring. Finally, through the single score analysis, Sc1 was regarded as an appropriate FW treatment technology with the least damaging impact on resource depletion, human health, and ecosystems in comparison to all scenarios. This was accomplished through relatively low power demands for the operation, shorter road transport distances, and a substantial reduction in the amount of waste and electricity generation. These analyses provide a useful framework for understanding the important characteristics of anaerobic treatment despite the divergent challenges faced by the different processes.
{"title":"A Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Dry and Wet Anaerobic Digestion Technologies for Food Waste Management","authors":"R. Abu, Muhammad Arif Ab Aziz, C.H. Che Hassan, Zainura Zainon Noor, Rohaya Abd Jalil","doi":"10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(2)-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(2)-05","url":null,"abstract":"Anaerobic digestion (AD) is especially useful in the treatment of organic waste sources, such as food waste (FW) since AD can support the generation of clean energy while preventing the hazards of uncontrolled GHG pollution originating from landfills. However, the potential environmental impacts of dry AD and integrated wet AD treatment are largely unknown, particularly in Malaysia. Thus, this study aimed to compare the potential environmental impacts of four FW treatment technologies in Malaysia: landfill (Sc0), dry anaerobic digestion (Sc1), wet anaerobic digestion combined with windrow composting (Sc2), and wet anaerobic digestion combined with windrow composting and landfill (Sc3). The scenario modelling was performed via GaBi v6.0 software using 1 ton of pre-treated FW as a functional unit, with the analysis of environmental impact scores being based on the ReCiPe (H) v1.07 characterization method. At the midpoint assessment, the Sc1 produced extensive improvements in 12 mid-point impact categories, being the most environmentally favoured FW treatment method compared to the other options in critical categories such as global warming, depletion of fossils and agricultural land occupation. The Sc1 mesophilic conducting reactor in this study used less energy for heating, without generating waste water while requiring a small operating area. Sc3 had the lowest environmental performance since the emissions into the air from windrow composting and landfill were discharged completely without any form of treatment like capturing or flaring. Finally, through the single score analysis, Sc1 was regarded as an appropriate FW treatment technology with the least damaging impact on resource depletion, human health, and ecosystems in comparison to all scenarios. This was accomplished through relatively low power demands for the operation, shorter road transport distances, and a substantial reduction in the amount of waste and electricity generation. These analyses provide a useful framework for understanding the important characteristics of anaerobic treatment despite the divergent challenges faced by the different processes.","PeriodicalId":17688,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kejuruteraan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43498507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(2)-22
Ling Shen, Asmawan Mohd Sarman, Mohamad Ibrahim Bin Mohamad, Guomin Wei, Mian Jiang
Improvements in transportation and logistics have forced many ports lost their functional status even abandoned in the recent globalization context. While these deteriorated port-related area could get revitalization when reusing the port heritage as a catalyst to rebuild the better connection to the city, just as the ideal redevelopment projects worldwide have revealed. They provide ways to identify and conserve the port heritage, especially set a research foundation to explore how to use them for urban economic, social-cultural and environmental sustainability. In this sense, three common perspectives towards adaptive reuse of the port heritage have been introduced, respectively representing as multi-functional creator, adhesive back to the city and environmental-friendly messenger, based on which, practical implementation can be directly performed despite the scale of the port area. Consequently, this approach selects a typical port heritage site (Yong Li dockyard) in Zhuzhou, which is just an average industrial port city in center China, to illustrate that the essential factors extracted from project icons will also work for proceedings with considering their own context. In addition, a visual adaptive reuse plan is proposed, aiming to trigger the urban waterfront regeneration by recreating the port heritage as new roles to increase economy, satisfy residents and improve environment. Additionally, this research might shed lights on other cities with potentials.
{"title":"Adaptive Reuse of Port Heritage Leads to Urban Waterfront Regeneration: A Proposed Case Study in Zhuzhou City, China","authors":"Ling Shen, Asmawan Mohd Sarman, Mohamad Ibrahim Bin Mohamad, Guomin Wei, Mian Jiang","doi":"10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(2)-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(2)-22","url":null,"abstract":"Improvements in transportation and logistics have forced many ports lost their functional status even abandoned in the recent globalization context. While these deteriorated port-related area could get revitalization when reusing the port heritage as a catalyst to rebuild the better connection to the city, just as the ideal redevelopment projects worldwide have revealed. They provide ways to identify and conserve the port heritage, especially set a research foundation to explore how to use them for urban economic, social-cultural and environmental sustainability. In this sense, three common perspectives towards adaptive reuse of the port heritage have been introduced, respectively representing as multi-functional creator, adhesive back to the city and environmental-friendly messenger, based on which, practical implementation can be directly performed despite the scale of the port area. Consequently, this approach selects a typical port heritage site (Yong Li dockyard) in Zhuzhou, which is just an average industrial port city in center China, to illustrate that the essential factors extracted from project icons will also work for proceedings with considering their own context. In addition, a visual adaptive reuse plan is proposed, aiming to trigger the urban waterfront regeneration by recreating the port heritage as new roles to increase economy, satisfy residents and improve environment. Additionally, this research might shed lights on other cities with potentials.","PeriodicalId":17688,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kejuruteraan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43835515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(2)-09
C. Ezugwu, Okechukwu Omunakwe, Kelechi Onyekweredike, Anthony Moluno, Chisom Ezugwu, Innocent Wokoma, P. Akpan, Solomon Anyaeche, Amodu Oloyede
Drylands are homes to many peoples of the world where frequent severe droughts are experienced, and dwellers suffering severe water shortages. Water scarcity in these environments is at alarming rate but can be alleviated by building rainwater collecting structures using sand dams. These mitigation measures are built across ephemeral sand rivers and used to store and provide clean water in these environments. The procedure for this work involves presentation of the principles and functionality of sand dams, sand dam technology, the sedimentation process, financing and future plans. The application of sand dam technology provides water solution in these communities without interruption even during periods of droughts. The challenge is that most communities with potentials for sand dams lack the resources to implement it. It is recommended that self-help group (SHG) committees be formed in these areas to relieve these people of acute water stress. Structure for monitoring and maintenance of the facility should be packaged for optimal performance and sustainability. Before use, the water should be examined, and treated where pollutants are above tolerable levels. The main finding is that some places with sand dam potentials do not have them, either due to lack of awareness or resources. A comprehensive source of funding sand dam projects, a major contribution of this work is novel, being not found in related literatures. Future plan is to work on improving the technology and incorporating waste management in the system for a sustainable environment.
{"title":"Cost-Effective Solution to Water Scarcity in Dryland Environments using Sand Dam","authors":"C. Ezugwu, Okechukwu Omunakwe, Kelechi Onyekweredike, Anthony Moluno, Chisom Ezugwu, Innocent Wokoma, P. Akpan, Solomon Anyaeche, Amodu Oloyede","doi":"10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(2)-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(2)-09","url":null,"abstract":"Drylands are homes to many peoples of the world where frequent severe droughts are experienced, and dwellers suffering severe water shortages. Water scarcity in these environments is at alarming rate but can be alleviated by building rainwater collecting structures using sand dams. These mitigation measures are built across ephemeral sand rivers and used to store and provide clean water in these environments. The procedure for this work involves presentation of the principles and functionality of sand dams, sand dam technology, the sedimentation process, financing and future plans. The application of sand dam technology provides water solution in these communities without interruption even during periods of droughts. The challenge is that most communities with potentials for sand dams lack the resources to implement it. It is recommended that self-help group (SHG) committees be formed in these areas to relieve these people of acute water stress. Structure for monitoring and maintenance of the facility should be packaged for optimal performance and sustainability. Before use, the water should be examined, and treated where pollutants are above tolerable levels. The main finding is that some places with sand dam potentials do not have them, either due to lack of awareness or resources. A comprehensive source of funding sand dam projects, a major contribution of this work is novel, being not found in related literatures. Future plan is to work on improving the technology and incorporating waste management in the system for a sustainable environment.","PeriodicalId":17688,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kejuruteraan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48460197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(2)-18
Sofiyanti Indriasari, Y. Resti, Arvy Adhitya Sutisna, Aditya Wicaksono, D. Firmansyah
Providing appropriate space for movement is one of the best ways needed to increase cows’ comfort in optimizing their productivity. Currently, several farms have made some changes to the housing system by implementing a free-stall housing system. The system makes the cows more comfortable to rest and do activities because they are not tied up. Due to the large number of cows that are kept, sometimes farmers find it difficult to detect the health condition of each cow individually. Hence, an early detection system is needed to control and monitor cattle activity. The study aimed to develop a monitoring system at the free stall barn farm based on the internet of things. The method used for the study adopted the steps in the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC). Microcontroller-based dairy cow mobility monitoring tool built with NodeMCU ESP8266, GPS sensor, 5v booster, 18650 battery and housing to protect all components. All components used cables with the provisions of the NodeMCU ESP8266 as the tool control centre, GPS sensor as a coordinate point reader, battery as a voltage source, and 5v voltage booster as a component that controls the tool and controls the power off or on. The tool works by getting a power source from the battery and then displaying all the components. The GPS antenna will search for satellites to determine the coordinates of the tool and the coordinate point information will be sent to the NodeMCU ESP8266. When the GPS antenna searches for coordinates, the NodeMCU ESP8266 will look for a WiFi connection in it to then be able to access the internet and send information from the GPS sensor to the hosting website.
{"title":"IoT Based Monitoring System for Mobility Control of Dairy Cattle in Indonesia","authors":"Sofiyanti Indriasari, Y. Resti, Arvy Adhitya Sutisna, Aditya Wicaksono, D. Firmansyah","doi":"10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(2)-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(2)-18","url":null,"abstract":"Providing appropriate space for movement is one of the best ways needed to increase cows’ comfort in optimizing their productivity. Currently, several farms have made some changes to the housing system by implementing a free-stall housing system. The system makes the cows more comfortable to rest and do activities because they are not tied up. Due to the large number of cows that are kept, sometimes farmers find it difficult to detect the health condition of each cow individually. Hence, an early detection system is needed to control and monitor cattle activity. The study aimed to develop a monitoring system at the free stall barn farm based on the internet of things. The method used for the study adopted the steps in the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC). Microcontroller-based dairy cow mobility monitoring tool built with NodeMCU ESP8266, GPS sensor, 5v booster, 18650 battery and housing to protect all components. All components used cables with the provisions of the NodeMCU ESP8266 as the tool control centre, GPS sensor as a coordinate point reader, battery as a voltage source, and 5v voltage booster as a component that controls the tool and controls the power off or on. The tool works by getting a power source from the battery and then displaying all the components. The GPS antenna will search for satellites to determine the coordinates of the tool and the coordinate point information will be sent to the NodeMCU ESP8266. When the GPS antenna searches for coordinates, the NodeMCU ESP8266 will look for a WiFi connection in it to then be able to access the internet and send information from the GPS sensor to the hosting website.","PeriodicalId":17688,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kejuruteraan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49110457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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