Xiaojie Gao, Andrew D. Richardson, Mark A. Friedl, Minkyu Moon, Josh M. Gray
Background
Climate-change-induced shifts in the timing of leaf emergence during spring have been widely documented and have important ecological consequences. However, mechanistic knowledge regarding what controls the timing of spring leaf emergence is incomplete. Field-based studies under natural conditions suggest that climate-warming-induced decreases in cold temperature accumulation (chilling) have expanded the dormancy duration or reduced the sensitivity of plants to warming temperatures (thermal forcing) during spring, thereby slowing the rate at which the timing of leaf emergence is shifting earlier in response to ongoing climate change. However, recent studies have argued that the apparent reductions in temperature sensitivity may arise from artefacts in the way that temperature sensitivity is calculated, while other studies based on statistical and mechanistic models specifically designed to quantify the role of chilling have shown conflicting results.
Methods
We analysed four commonly used combinations of phenology and temperature datasets obtained from remote sensing and ground observations to elucidate whether current model-based approaches robustly quantify how chilling, in concert with thermal forcing, controls the timing of leaf emergence during spring under current climate conditions.
Results
We show that widely used modeling approaches that are calibrated using field-based observations misspecify the role of chilling under current climate conditions as a result of statistical artefacts inherent to the way that chilling is parameterised. Our results highlight the limitations of existing modelling approaches and observational data in quantifying how chilling affects the timing of spring leaf emergence and suggest that decreasing chilling arising from climate warming may not constrain near-future shifts towards earlier leaf emergence in extra-tropical ecosystems worldwide.
{"title":"Thermal Forcing Versus Chilling? Misspecification of Temperature Controls in Spring Phenology Models","authors":"Xiaojie Gao, Andrew D. Richardson, Mark A. Friedl, Minkyu Moon, Josh M. Gray","doi":"10.1111/geb.13932","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.13932","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Climate-change-induced shifts in the timing of leaf emergence during spring have been widely documented and have important ecological consequences. However, mechanistic knowledge regarding what controls the timing of spring leaf emergence is incomplete. Field-based studies under natural conditions suggest that climate-warming-induced decreases in cold temperature accumulation (chilling) have expanded the dormancy duration or reduced the sensitivity of plants to warming temperatures (thermal forcing) during spring, thereby slowing the rate at which the timing of leaf emergence is shifting earlier in response to ongoing climate change. However, recent studies have argued that the apparent reductions in temperature sensitivity may arise from artefacts in the way that temperature sensitivity is calculated, while other studies based on statistical and mechanistic models specifically designed to quantify the role of chilling have shown conflicting results.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analysed four commonly used combinations of phenology and temperature datasets obtained from remote sensing and ground observations to elucidate whether current model-based approaches robustly quantify how chilling, in concert with thermal forcing, controls the timing of leaf emergence during spring under current climate conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We show that widely used modeling approaches that are calibrated using field-based observations misspecify the role of chilling under current climate conditions as a result of statistical artefacts inherent to the way that chilling is parameterised. Our results highlight the limitations of existing modelling approaches and observational data in quantifying how chilling affects the timing of spring leaf emergence and suggest that decreasing chilling arising from climate warming may not constrain near-future shifts towards earlier leaf emergence in extra-tropical ecosystems worldwide.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"33 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142519535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ana Paula L. Costa, Gisele R. Winck, Bernardo R. Teixeira, Rosana Gentile, Paulo S. D'Andrea, Emerson M. Vieira, Renata Pardini, Thomas Püttker, Cecilia S. Andreazzi
<div> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>Changes in landscape configuration significantly impact ecosystems and the services they provide, including disease regulation for both humans and wildlife. Land use conversion usually favors disturbed-adapted species, which are often known reservoirs of zoonotic parasites, thereby potentially escalating spillover events (i.e., the transmission of parasites to new hosts, including humans). Here we aimed to investigate how alterations in landscape use and configuration influence the distribution and co-occurrence of potential hosts of zoonotic and epizootic parasites.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>Brazilian Atlantic Forest.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Time Period</h3> <p>Data collection spanned from 1997 to 2019.</p> <p>Major taxa studied small mammals.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>We integrated ecological network metrics and joint distribution models while accounting for phylogenetic relationships and functional traits to answer two main questions: (1) do small mammal species considered central hosts in the transmission of parasites exhibit a higher probability of occurrence in landscapes with reduced native vegetation areas? (2) Do small mammal hosts that share a higher number of parasites have higher co-occurrence probabilities?</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Our results demonstrated that species identified as significant hosts in our centrality network analysis displayed an increased probability of occurrence in landscapes that are both more fragmented and have a higher proportion of farming areas, hence fewer native vegetation areas. Regarding the relationship between species co-occurrence and parasite sharing, our findings indicated that most strong co-occurrences were prevalent within groups with higher parasite fauna similarity, but not all species sharing parasites had a higher probability of co-occurring.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusions</h3> <p>Here we highlight the effects of landscape conversion on small mammal species, including how different configurations of land use can influence both central and non-central host occurrences. Besides, our results also indicate that parasite transmission may be overestimated when the co-occurrence probability of potential host species is not considered. We highly recommend incor
{"title":"Predicting Landscape Conversion Impact on Small Mammal Occurrence and the Transmission of Parasites in the Atlantic Forest","authors":"Ana Paula L. Costa, Gisele R. Winck, Bernardo R. Teixeira, Rosana Gentile, Paulo S. D'Andrea, Emerson M. Vieira, Renata Pardini, Thomas Püttker, Cecilia S. Andreazzi","doi":"10.1111/geb.13933","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.13933","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Changes in landscape configuration significantly impact ecosystems and the services they provide, including disease regulation for both humans and wildlife. Land use conversion usually favors disturbed-adapted species, which are often known reservoirs of zoonotic parasites, thereby potentially escalating spillover events (i.e., the transmission of parasites to new hosts, including humans). Here we aimed to investigate how alterations in landscape use and configuration influence the distribution and co-occurrence of potential hosts of zoonotic and epizootic parasites.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Brazilian Atlantic Forest.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data collection spanned from 1997 to 2019.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Major taxa studied small mammals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We integrated ecological network metrics and joint distribution models while accounting for phylogenetic relationships and functional traits to answer two main questions: (1) do small mammal species considered central hosts in the transmission of parasites exhibit a higher probability of occurrence in landscapes with reduced native vegetation areas? (2) Do small mammal hosts that share a higher number of parasites have higher co-occurrence probabilities?</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results demonstrated that species identified as significant hosts in our centrality network analysis displayed an increased probability of occurrence in landscapes that are both more fragmented and have a higher proportion of farming areas, hence fewer native vegetation areas. Regarding the relationship between species co-occurrence and parasite sharing, our findings indicated that most strong co-occurrences were prevalent within groups with higher parasite fauna similarity, but not all species sharing parasites had a higher probability of co-occurring.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Here we highlight the effects of landscape conversion on small mammal species, including how different configurations of land use can influence both central and non-central host occurrences. Besides, our results also indicate that parasite transmission may be overestimated when the co-occurrence probability of potential host species is not considered. We highly recommend incor","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"33 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.13933","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142519532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mariana Álvarez-Noriega, Juan C. Ortiz, Daniela M. Ceccarelli, Michael J. Emslie, Katharina E. Fabricius, Michelle J. Jonker, Marji Puotinen, Barbara J. Robson, Chris M. Roelfsema, Tane H. Sinclair-Taylor, Renata Ferrari
Aim
Identifying the maximum coral cover that a coral community can sustain (i.e., its ‘upper limit’) is important for predicting community dynamics and improving management strategies. Here, we quantify the relationship between estimated upper limits and key environmental factors on coral reefs: hard substrate availability, temperature and water clarity.
Location
Great Barrier Reef (GBR), Australia (over 1400 km).
Time Period
1990 to 2022.
Major Taxa Studied
Scleractinian corals.
Methods
We used 32 years of data on coral cover around reef perimeters. Each reef was divided into four wave-exposure habitats depending on prevailing wind conditions. For each site, we determined if hard coral cover had reached a plateau or upper limit. Next, we extracted existing estimates of hard substrate availability, modelled water temperature and Secchi depth. Then, we quantified the relationship between these environmental variables and the upper limits.
Results
We found varying upper limits across the GBR, with a median of 33% coral cover and only 17% of the estimated upper limits exceeded 50% coral cover. Upper limits increased towards the southern reefs. Our results show that upper limits increased with increasing hard substrate availability and decreased with temperature and, to a lesser extent, with water clarity.
Main Conclusions
The upper limits estimated in this study are much lower than what is commonly assumed when modelling ecological dynamics, most likely resulting in predicted recovery rates being inappropriately high. Although hard substrate ultimately restricted upper limits, there are mechanisms constraining the proportion of hard substrate that is covered by hard corals. The negative relationship between temperature and upper limits cannot be explained by changes in macroalgal abundance but may be related to changes in species composition. The quantitative relationships between the upper limits of coral cover and environmental variables will provide critical information to prioritise sites for management interventions.
{"title":"Spatial Variation in Upper Limits of Coral Cover on the Great Barrier Reef","authors":"Mariana Álvarez-Noriega, Juan C. Ortiz, Daniela M. Ceccarelli, Michael J. Emslie, Katharina E. Fabricius, Michelle J. Jonker, Marji Puotinen, Barbara J. Robson, Chris M. Roelfsema, Tane H. Sinclair-Taylor, Renata Ferrari","doi":"10.1111/geb.13928","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.13928","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Identifying the maximum coral cover that a coral community can sustain (i.e., its ‘upper limit’) is important for predicting community dynamics and improving management strategies. Here, we quantify the relationship between estimated upper limits and key environmental factors on coral reefs: hard substrate availability, temperature and water clarity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Great Barrier Reef (GBR), Australia (over 1400 km).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>1990 to 2022.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Scleractinian corals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used 32 years of data on coral cover around reef perimeters. Each reef was divided into four wave-exposure habitats depending on prevailing wind conditions. For each site, we determined if hard coral cover had reached a plateau or upper limit. Next, we extracted existing estimates of hard substrate availability, modelled water temperature and Secchi depth. Then, we quantified the relationship between these environmental variables and the upper limits.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found varying upper limits across the GBR, with a median of 33% coral cover and only 17% of the estimated upper limits exceeded 50% coral cover. Upper limits increased towards the southern reefs. Our results show that upper limits increased with increasing hard substrate availability and decreased with temperature and, to a lesser extent, with water clarity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The upper limits estimated in this study are much lower than what is commonly assumed when modelling ecological dynamics, most likely resulting in predicted recovery rates being inappropriately high. Although hard substrate ultimately restricted upper limits, there are mechanisms constraining the proportion of hard substrate that is covered by hard corals. The negative relationship between temperature and upper limits cannot be explained by changes in macroalgal abundance but may be related to changes in species composition. The quantitative relationships between the upper limits of coral cover and environmental variables will provide critical information to prioritise sites for management interventions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"33 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142490311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
James S. Sinclair, Rachel Stubbington, Ralf B. Schäfer, Libuše Barešová, Núria Bonada, Zoltán Csabai, J. Iwan Jones, Aitor Larrañaga, John F. Murphy, Petr Pařil, Marek Polášek, Jes J. Rasmussen, Michal Straka, Gábor Várbíró, Ralf C. M. Verdonschot, Ellen A. R. Welti, Peter Haase
Aim
To determine which riverine invertebrate traits respond consistently to anthropogenic impacts across multiple biogeographic regions.
Location
Europe.
Time Period
1981–2021.
Major Taxa Studied
Riverine invertebrates.
Methods
We compiled a database of riverine invertebrate community time series for 673 sites across six European countries spanning six freshwater ecoregions. We compared trait responses to anthropogenic impacts (quantified as changes in ‘ecological quality’) among regions for seven ‘ecological’ traits, which reflect habitat preferences, and nine ‘biological’ traits (e.g., morphology or life history), which represent taxon-specific attributes that can influence ecosystem processes.
Results
Four ecological traits (current, microhabitat, salinity and trophic preferences) and one biological trait (dispersal mode) responded consistently across regions. These responses were primarily driven by spatial differences among poorer to better quality sites. Responses to temporal changes in quality were comparable but less pronounced.
Main Conclusions
Consistent responses to anthropogenic impacts across multiple ecological traits indicate these traits may improve broader scale measurements, comparisons and predictions of community responses. However, we could not use ecological traits to identify the actions of specific stressors because multiple traits always responded as a group. Inconsistent responses across almost all biological traits indicated that these traits may be less predictive of impacts across regions. Predictions of how biological traits, and associated ecosystem processes, respond to anthropogenic impacts may be most effective at regional scales where responses are more consistent.
确定在多个生物地理区域中，河流无脊椎动物的哪些特征会对人为影响做出一致的反应。
{"title":"Ecological but Not Biological Traits of European Riverine Invertebrates Respond Consistently to Anthropogenic Impacts","authors":"James S. Sinclair, Rachel Stubbington, Ralf B. Schäfer, Libuše Barešová, Núria Bonada, Zoltán Csabai, J. Iwan Jones, Aitor Larrañaga, John F. Murphy, Petr Pařil, Marek Polášek, Jes J. Rasmussen, Michal Straka, Gábor Várbíró, Ralf C. M. Verdonschot, Ellen A. R. Welti, Peter Haase","doi":"10.1111/geb.13931","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.13931","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To determine which riverine invertebrate traits respond consistently to anthropogenic impacts across multiple biogeographic regions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Europe.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>1981–2021.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Riverine invertebrates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We compiled a database of riverine invertebrate community time series for 673 sites across six European countries spanning six freshwater ecoregions. We compared trait responses to anthropogenic impacts (quantified as changes in ‘ecological quality’) among regions for seven ‘ecological’ traits, which reflect habitat preferences, and nine ‘biological’ traits (e.g., morphology or life history), which represent taxon-specific attributes that can influence ecosystem processes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Four ecological traits (current, microhabitat, salinity and trophic preferences) and one biological trait (dispersal mode) responded consistently across regions. These responses were primarily driven by spatial differences among poorer to better quality sites. Responses to temporal changes in quality were comparable but less pronounced.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Consistent responses to anthropogenic impacts across multiple ecological traits indicate these traits may improve broader scale measurements, comparisons and predictions of community responses. However, we could not use ecological traits to identify the actions of specific stressors because multiple traits always responded as a group. Inconsistent responses across almost all biological traits indicated that these traits may be less predictive of impacts across regions. Predictions of how biological traits, and associated ecosystem processes, respond to anthropogenic impacts may be most effective at regional scales where responses are more consistent.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"33 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.13931","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142490696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ferran Sayol, Joseph P. Wayman, Paul Dufour, Thomas E. Martin, Julian P. Hume, Maria Wagner Jørgensen, Natàlia Martínez-Rubio, Ariadna Sanglas, Filipa C. Soares, Rob Cooke, Chase D. Mendenhall, Jay R. Margolis, Juan Carlos Illera, Rhys Lemoine, Eva Benavides, Oriol Lapiedra, Kostas A. Triantis, Alex L. Pigot, Joseph A. Tobias, Søren Faurby, Thomas J. Matthews
Motivation
Human activities have been reshaping the natural world for tens of thousands of years, leading to the extinction of hundreds of bird species. Past research has provided evidence of extinction selectivity towards certain groups of species, but trait information is lacking for the majority of clades, especially for prehistoric extinctions identified only through subfossil remains. This incomplete knowledge potentially obscures the structure of natural communities, undermining our ability to infer changes in biodiversity across space and time, including trends in functional and phylogenetic diversity. Biases in currently available trait data also limit our ability to identify drivers and processes of extinction. Here we present AVOTREX, an open-access database of species traits for all birds known to have gone extinct in the last 130,000 years. This database provides detailed morphological information for 610 extinct species, along with a pipeline to build phylogenetic trees that include these extinct species.
Main Types of Variables Contained
For each extinct bird species, we provide information on the taxonomy, geographic location, and period of extinction. We also present data on island endemicity, flight ability, and body mass, as well as standard measurements of external (matching the AVONET database of extant birds) and skeletal morphology from museum specimens where available. To ensure comprehensive morphological data coverage, we estimate all missing morphological measurements using a data imputation technique based on machine learning. Finally, we provide an R package to graft all extinct species onto a global phylogeny of extant species (BirdTree).
Spatial Location and Grain
Global.
Time Period and Grain
All known globally extinct bird species from 130,000 years ago up until 2024.
{"title":"AVOTREX: A Global Dataset of Extinct Birds and Their Traits","authors":"Ferran Sayol, Joseph P. Wayman, Paul Dufour, Thomas E. Martin, Julian P. Hume, Maria Wagner Jørgensen, Natàlia Martínez-Rubio, Ariadna Sanglas, Filipa C. Soares, Rob Cooke, Chase D. Mendenhall, Jay R. Margolis, Juan Carlos Illera, Rhys Lemoine, Eva Benavides, Oriol Lapiedra, Kostas A. Triantis, Alex L. Pigot, Joseph A. Tobias, Søren Faurby, Thomas J. Matthews","doi":"10.1111/geb.13927","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.13927","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Motivation</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Human activities have been reshaping the natural world for tens of thousands of years, leading to the extinction of hundreds of bird species. Past research has provided evidence of extinction selectivity towards certain groups of species, but trait information is lacking for the majority of clades, especially for prehistoric extinctions identified only through subfossil remains. This incomplete knowledge potentially obscures the structure of natural communities, undermining our ability to infer changes in biodiversity across space and time, including trends in functional and phylogenetic diversity. Biases in currently available trait data also limit our ability to identify drivers and processes of extinction. Here we present AVOTREX, an open-access database of species traits for all birds known to have gone extinct in the last 130,000 years. This database provides detailed morphological information for 610 extinct species, along with a pipeline to build phylogenetic trees that include these extinct species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Types of Variables Contained</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For each extinct bird species, we provide information on the taxonomy, geographic location, and period of extinction. We also present data on island endemicity, flight ability, and body mass, as well as standard measurements of external (matching the AVONET database of extant birds) and skeletal morphology from museum specimens where available. To ensure comprehensive morphological data coverage, we estimate all missing morphological measurements using a data imputation technique based on machine learning. Finally, we provide an R package to graft all extinct species onto a global phylogeny of extant species (BirdTree).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Spatial Location and Grain</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period and Grain</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All known globally extinct bird species from 130,000 years ago up until 2024.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa and Level of Measurement</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Birds (Class Aves), species level.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Software Format</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Spreadsheets (.csv) stored in Dryad.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"33 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142490044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Minghua Shen, Roel van Klink, Alban Sagouis, Danielle K. Petsch, Deborah Atieno Abong'o, Janne Alahuhta, Salman Abdo Al-Shami, Laura Cecilia Armendáriz, Mi-Jung Bae, Tiago Octavio Begot, Jerome Belliard, Jonathan Peter Benstead, Francieli F. Bomfim, Emile Bredenhand, William R. Budnick, Marcos Callisto, Lenize Batista Calvão, Claudia Patricia Camacho-Rozo, Miguel Cañedo-Argüelles, Fernando Geraldo Carvalho, Jacqueline Chapman, Lauren Chapman, Qiuwen Chen, Barry Chernoff, Luciana Cibils-Martina, Gerard Patrick Closs, Juliano J. Corbi, Erlane José Cunha, Almir Manoel Cunico, Patricio De los Rios-Escalante, Sylvain Dolédec, Barbara Dunck, Augustine Ovie Edegbene, Augustin C. Engman, Tibor Erős, Katharina Eichbaum Esteves, Ruan Carlos Pires Faquim, Ana Paula Justino Faria, Claudia Maris Ferreira, Márcio Cunha Ferreira, Pablo Fierro, Pâmela V. Freitas, Vincent Fugère, Thiago Deruza Garcia, Xingli Giam, Gabriel Murilo Ribeiro Gonino, Juan David González-Trujillo, Éder André Gubiani, Neusa Hamada, Roger John Haro, Luiz Ubiratan Hepp, Guido A. Herrera-R, Matthew J. Hill, A. Nurul Huda, Carlos Iniguez-Armijos, Aurélien Jamoneau, Micael Jonsson, Leandro Juen, Wilbert T. Kadye, Kahirun Kahirun, Aventino Kasangaki, Chad A. Larson, Alexandre Leandro Pereira, Thibault Leboucher, Gustavo Figueiredo Marques Leite, Dunhai Li, Ana Luiza-Andrade, Sarah H. Luke, Matthew Joseph Lundquist, Daniela Lupi, Jorge Machuca-Sepúlveda, Messias Alfredo Macuiane, Nestor Javier Mancera-Rodriguez, Javier A. Márquez, Renato Tavares Martins, Frank O. Masese, Marcia S. Meixler, Thaisa Sala Michelan, María José Monge-Salazar, Joseph L. Mruzek, Hernan Diego Mugni, Hilton Garikai Taambuka Ndagurwa, Augustine Niba, Jorge Nimptsch, Rodolfo Novelo-Gutiérrez, Hannington Ochieng, Rodrigo Pacheco-Díaz, Young-Seuk Park, Sophia I. Passy, Richard G. Pearson, Alexandre Peressin, Eduardo Périco, Mateus Marques Pires, Helen Poulos, Romina E. Principe, Bruno S. Prudente, Blanca Ríos-Touma, Renata Ruaro, Juan J. Schmitter-Soto, Fabiana Schneck, Uwe Horst Schulz, Chellappa Selvakumar, Chhatra Mani Sharma, Tadeu Siqueira, Marina Laura Solis, Raniere Garcez Costa Sousa, Emily H. Stanley, Csilla Stenger-Kovács, Evelyne Tales, Fabrício Barreto Teresa, Ian Thornhill, Juliette Tison-Rosebery, Thiago Bernardi Vieira, Sebastián Villada-Bedoya, James C. White, Paul J. Wood, Zhicai Xie, Catherine M. Yule, João Antonio Cyrino Zequi, Jonathan M. Chase
Motivation
Freshwater ecosystems have been heavily impacted by land-use changes, but data syntheses on these impacts are still limited. Here, we compiled a global database encompassing 241 studies with species abundance data (from multiple biological groups and geographic locations) across sites with different land-use categories. This compilation will be useful for addressing questions regarding land-use change and its impact on freshwater biodiversity.
Main Types of Variables Contained
The database includes metadata of each study, sites location, sample methods, sample time, land-use category and abundance of each taxon.
Spatial Location and Grain
The database contains data from across the globe, with 85% of the sites having well-defined geographical coordinates.
Major Taxa and Level of Measurement
The database covers all major freshwater biological groups including algae, macrophytes, zooplankton, macroinvertebrates, fish and amphibians.
{"title":"FreshLanDiv: A Global Database of Freshwater Biodiversity Across Different Land Uses","authors":"Minghua Shen, Roel van Klink, Alban Sagouis, Danielle K. Petsch, Deborah Atieno Abong'o, Janne Alahuhta, Salman Abdo Al-Shami, Laura Cecilia Armendáriz, Mi-Jung Bae, Tiago Octavio Begot, Jerome Belliard, Jonathan Peter Benstead, Francieli F. Bomfim, Emile Bredenhand, William R. Budnick, Marcos Callisto, Lenize Batista Calvão, Claudia Patricia Camacho-Rozo, Miguel Cañedo-Argüelles, Fernando Geraldo Carvalho, Jacqueline Chapman, Lauren Chapman, Qiuwen Chen, Barry Chernoff, Luciana Cibils-Martina, Gerard Patrick Closs, Juliano J. Corbi, Erlane José Cunha, Almir Manoel Cunico, Patricio De los Rios-Escalante, Sylvain Dolédec, Barbara Dunck, Augustine Ovie Edegbene, Augustin C. Engman, Tibor Erős, Katharina Eichbaum Esteves, Ruan Carlos Pires Faquim, Ana Paula Justino Faria, Claudia Maris Ferreira, Márcio Cunha Ferreira, Pablo Fierro, Pâmela V. Freitas, Vincent Fugère, Thiago Deruza Garcia, Xingli Giam, Gabriel Murilo Ribeiro Gonino, Juan David González-Trujillo, Éder André Gubiani, Neusa Hamada, Roger John Haro, Luiz Ubiratan Hepp, Guido A. Herrera-R, Matthew J. Hill, A. Nurul Huda, Carlos Iniguez-Armijos, Aurélien Jamoneau, Micael Jonsson, Leandro Juen, Wilbert T. Kadye, Kahirun Kahirun, Aventino Kasangaki, Chad A. Larson, Alexandre Leandro Pereira, Thibault Leboucher, Gustavo Figueiredo Marques Leite, Dunhai Li, Ana Luiza-Andrade, Sarah H. Luke, Matthew Joseph Lundquist, Daniela Lupi, Jorge Machuca-Sepúlveda, Messias Alfredo Macuiane, Nestor Javier Mancera-Rodriguez, Javier A. Márquez, Renato Tavares Martins, Frank O. Masese, Marcia S. Meixler, Thaisa Sala Michelan, María José Monge-Salazar, Joseph L. Mruzek, Hernan Diego Mugni, Hilton Garikai Taambuka Ndagurwa, Augustine Niba, Jorge Nimptsch, Rodolfo Novelo-Gutiérrez, Hannington Ochieng, Rodrigo Pacheco-Díaz, Young-Seuk Park, Sophia I. Passy, Richard G. Pearson, Alexandre Peressin, Eduardo Périco, Mateus Marques Pires, Helen Poulos, Romina E. Principe, Bruno S. Prudente, Blanca Ríos-Touma, Renata Ruaro, Juan J. Schmitter-Soto, Fabiana Schneck, Uwe Horst Schulz, Chellappa Selvakumar, Chhatra Mani Sharma, Tadeu Siqueira, Marina Laura Solis, Raniere Garcez Costa Sousa, Emily H. Stanley, Csilla Stenger-Kovács, Evelyne Tales, Fabrício Barreto Teresa, Ian Thornhill, Juliette Tison-Rosebery, Thiago Bernardi Vieira, Sebastián Villada-Bedoya, James C. White, Paul J. Wood, Zhicai Xie, Catherine M. Yule, João Antonio Cyrino Zequi, Jonathan M. Chase","doi":"10.1111/geb.13917","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.13917","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Motivation</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Freshwater ecosystems have been heavily impacted by land-use changes, but data syntheses on these impacts are still limited. Here, we compiled a global database encompassing 241 studies with species abundance data (from multiple biological groups and geographic locations) across sites with different land-use categories. This compilation will be useful for addressing questions regarding land-use change and its impact on freshwater biodiversity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Types of Variables Contained</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The database includes metadata of each study, sites location, sample methods, sample time, land-use category and abundance of each taxon.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Spatial Location and Grain</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The database contains data from across the globe, with 85% of the sites having well-defined geographical coordinates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa and Level of Measurement</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The database covers all major freshwater biological groups including algae, macrophytes, zooplankton, macroinvertebrates, fish and amphibians.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"33 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.13917","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142490073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Santini, V. Y. Mendez Angarita, C. Karoulis, D. Fundarò, N. Pranzini, C. Vivaldi, T. Zhang, A. Zampetti, S. J. Gargano, D. Mirante, L. Paltrinieri
Motivation
Population density is a fundamental parameter in ecology and conservation, and taxonomic and geographic patterns of population density have been an important focus of macroecological research. However, population density data are time-consuming and costly to collect, so their availability is limited. Leveraging decades of research, TetraDENSITY 1.0 was developed as a global repository containing over 18,000 population density estimates for > 2100 terrestrial vertebrate species, aiding researchers in investigating patterns of population density, its intrinsic and extrinsic drivers, and for developing predictive models. Here we present a substantially expanded version of the database, which now includes marine tetrapods and encompasses over 54,300 estimates for 3717 species associated with error estimates and geographical coordinates when available, hence enabling meta-analytical approaches and better spatial matching of estimates with environmental conditions.
Main Types of Variables Contained
Population density estimates and associated errors, time and location of data collection, taxonomic information, estimation method.
Spatial Location
Global.
Time Period and Grain
1925–2024.
Major Taxa and Level of Measurement
Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves and Mammalia. Estimates reported at the population level.
{"title":"TetraDENSITY 2.0—A Database of Population Density Estimates in Tetrapods","authors":"L. Santini, V. Y. Mendez Angarita, C. Karoulis, D. Fundarò, N. Pranzini, C. Vivaldi, T. Zhang, A. Zampetti, S. J. Gargano, D. Mirante, L. Paltrinieri","doi":"10.1111/geb.13929","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.13929","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Motivation</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Population density is a fundamental parameter in ecology and conservation, and taxonomic and geographic patterns of population density have been an important focus of macroecological research. However, population density data are time-consuming and costly to collect, so their availability is limited. Leveraging decades of research, TetraDENSITY 1.0 was developed as a global repository containing over 18,000 population density estimates for > 2100 terrestrial vertebrate species, aiding researchers in investigating patterns of population density, its intrinsic and extrinsic drivers, and for developing predictive models. Here we present a substantially expanded version of the database, which now includes marine tetrapods and encompasses over 54,300 estimates for 3717 species associated with error estimates and geographical coordinates when available, hence enabling meta-analytical approaches and better spatial matching of estimates with environmental conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Types of Variables Contained</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Population density estimates and associated errors, time and location of data collection, taxonomic information, estimation method.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Spatial Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period and Grain</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>1925–2024.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa and Level of Measurement</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves and Mammalia. Estimates reported at the population level.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Software Format</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>.csv.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"33 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.13929","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142487727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Simon J. Brandl, Jérémy Carlot, Rick D. Stuart-Smith, Sally A. Keith, Nicholas A. J. Graham, Graham J. Edgar, Jérémy Wicquart, Shaun K. Wilson, Rucha Karkarey, Mary K. Donovan, Jesus E. Arias-Gonzalez, Rohan Arthur, Lionel Bigot, Dan A. Exton, Jordan Goetze, Andrew S. Hoey, Thomas Holmes, Jean-Philippe Maréchal, David Mouillot, Claire L. Ross, Julien Wickel, Mehdi Adjeroud, Valeriano Parravicini
Aim
Ecological state shifts that alter the structure and function of entire ecosystems are a concerning consequence of human impact. Yet, when, where and why discrete ecological states emerge remains difficult to predict and monitor, especially in high-diversity systems. We sought to quantify state shifts and their drivers through space and time in the most ecologically complex marine ecosystem: tropical coral reefs.
Location
Worldwide.
Time Period
1987–2019.
Major Taxa Studied
Coral reef communities.
Methods
Using a global dataset of 3375 coral reef surveys, along with 13 time series datasets ranging between 1987 and 2019, we applied a novel double-dichotomy approach to classify coral reefs into four simplified and discrete states based on the relative contributions of corals versus algae to benthic cover and small-bodied versus large-bodied fishes to fish standing stock. We then examined state shifts considering a range of spatial predictors and tested whether states have shifted directionally over time, and the nature of the most common transitions.
Results
We show that geographic, environmental and anthropogenic context fundamentally shapes coral reef states at the local scale, which explains disparities among case studies, and stakes out critical baseline expectations for regional management efforts. We also reveal clear multi-decadal state shifts on coral reefs: over time, systems dominated by reef-building corals and small-bodied, planktivorous fishes tend to have been replaced with reefs characterised by algae and larger-bodied fishes.
Main Conclusions
Our results suggest a previously unrecognised transition from systems that harness external subsidies through small-bodied consumers associated with structurally complex live corals, to herbivore-dominated systems with stronger bottom-up dynamics. Overall, the partitioning of complex reef ecosystems into a small suite of discrete ecological states suggests that spatial context-dependency, shifting baselines and changes in reef functioning are crucial considerations for coral reef management in the 21st century.
{"title":"Unifying Coral Reef States Through Space and Time Reveals a Changing Ecosystem","authors":"Simon J. Brandl, Jérémy Carlot, Rick D. Stuart-Smith, Sally A. Keith, Nicholas A. J. Graham, Graham J. Edgar, Jérémy Wicquart, Shaun K. Wilson, Rucha Karkarey, Mary K. Donovan, Jesus E. Arias-Gonzalez, Rohan Arthur, Lionel Bigot, Dan A. Exton, Jordan Goetze, Andrew S. Hoey, Thomas Holmes, Jean-Philippe Maréchal, David Mouillot, Claire L. Ross, Julien Wickel, Mehdi Adjeroud, Valeriano Parravicini","doi":"10.1111/geb.13926","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.13926","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ecological state shifts that alter the structure and function of entire ecosystems are a concerning consequence of human impact. Yet, when, where and why discrete ecological states emerge remains difficult to predict and monitor, especially in high-diversity systems. We sought to quantify state shifts and their drivers through space and time in the most ecologically complex marine ecosystem: tropical coral reefs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Worldwide.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>1987–2019.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Coral reef communities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using a global dataset of 3375 coral reef surveys, along with 13 time series datasets ranging between 1987 and 2019, we applied a novel double-dichotomy approach to classify coral reefs into four simplified and discrete states based on the relative contributions of corals versus algae to benthic cover and small-bodied versus large-bodied fishes to fish standing stock. We then examined state shifts considering a range of spatial predictors and tested whether states have shifted directionally over time, and the nature of the most common transitions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We show that geographic, environmental and anthropogenic context fundamentally shapes coral reef states at the local scale, which explains disparities among case studies, and stakes out critical baseline expectations for regional management efforts. We also reveal clear multi-decadal state shifts on coral reefs: over time, systems dominated by reef-building corals and small-bodied, planktivorous fishes tend to have been replaced with reefs characterised by algae and larger-bodied fishes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results suggest a previously unrecognised transition from systems that harness external subsidies through small-bodied consumers associated with structurally complex live corals, to herbivore-dominated systems with stronger bottom-up dynamics. Overall, the partitioning of complex reef ecosystems into a small suite of discrete ecological states suggests that spatial context-dependency, shifting baselines and changes in reef functioning are crucial considerations for coral reef management in the 21st century.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"33 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142449580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Miguel Ángel Rendón Espinosa, Marius Bottin, Adriana Sanchez, Carlos Vargas, Lauren Raz, Adriana Corrales
<div> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>Mycorrhizal fungi play key roles in the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. The main types of mycorrhizal associations are arbuscular mycorrhizae, ectomycorrhizae, ericoid mycorrhizae and orchid mycorrhizae. Previous studies have shown that the abundance of plants with different types of mycorrhizal associations change gradually along latitudinal and altitudinal gradients driven by the effects of climate and soil nutrients. We aimed to understand how altitude and climatic and soil variables shape the distribution patterns of tropical plant mycorrhizal types and nitrogen-fixing plants along altitudinal gradients in the Andes.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>Colombian Andean mountain range.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Time Period</h3> <p>Present day.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3> <p>Plants (vascular and non-vascular).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>We used a herbarium plant records database and assigned mycorrhizal type to each plant species based on the available literature. Bioclimatic and soil variables were also compiled at a resolution of 10 km. We calculated the proportion of each mycorrhizal association type per grid cell and created a diversity index to explore their spatial distribution and association with abiotic factors based on LMs.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>The diversity of mycorrhizal associations increased with altitude and peaked around 3000 m, in an ecotone belt known as the subpáramo recognised by the high abundance of Ericaceae species. Soil carbon stock and soil total nitrogen were also positively correlated with the diversity of mycorrhizal types. Moreover, the abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal plants was highest at low elevations and increased with the proportion of nitrogen-fixing plants per cell.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Main Conclusions</h3> <p>Our results indicate that mycorrhizal associations gradually change along altitudinal gradients in the tropical Andes. Climatic factors and the interactions between climatic and edaphic factors have the greatest explanatory power to predict the distribution of types of mycorrhizal associations along the altitudinal gradient. Based on these results we expect that climate change could potentially alter the distribution of mycorrhizal types in tropical mountains with unknown consequences for ecosystem functions.</p
{"title":"Diversity of Mycorrhizal Types Along Altitudinal Gradients in the Tropical Andes","authors":"Miguel Ángel Rendón Espinosa, Marius Bottin, Adriana Sanchez, Carlos Vargas, Lauren Raz, Adriana Corrales","doi":"10.1111/geb.13923","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.13923","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mycorrhizal fungi play key roles in the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. The main types of mycorrhizal associations are arbuscular mycorrhizae, ectomycorrhizae, ericoid mycorrhizae and orchid mycorrhizae. Previous studies have shown that the abundance of plants with different types of mycorrhizal associations change gradually along latitudinal and altitudinal gradients driven by the effects of climate and soil nutrients. We aimed to understand how altitude and climatic and soil variables shape the distribution patterns of tropical plant mycorrhizal types and nitrogen-fixing plants along altitudinal gradients in the Andes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Colombian Andean mountain range.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Present day.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Plants (vascular and non-vascular).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used a herbarium plant records database and assigned mycorrhizal type to each plant species based on the available literature. Bioclimatic and soil variables were also compiled at a resolution of 10 km. We calculated the proportion of each mycorrhizal association type per grid cell and created a diversity index to explore their spatial distribution and association with abiotic factors based on LMs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The diversity of mycorrhizal associations increased with altitude and peaked around 3000 m, in an ecotone belt known as the subpáramo recognised by the high abundance of Ericaceae species. Soil carbon stock and soil total nitrogen were also positively correlated with the diversity of mycorrhizal types. Moreover, the abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal plants was highest at low elevations and increased with the proportion of nitrogen-fixing plants per cell.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results indicate that mycorrhizal associations gradually change along altitudinal gradients in the tropical Andes. Climatic factors and the interactions between climatic and edaphic factors have the greatest explanatory power to predict the distribution of types of mycorrhizal associations along the altitudinal gradient. Based on these results we expect that climate change could potentially alter the distribution of mycorrhizal types in tropical mountains with unknown consequences for ecosystem functions.</p","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"33 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142415809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biogeographers have believed for a long time that the geographical distributions of protists are only determined by environmental conditions, because dispersal is not limited. During the past two decades, the field has come a long way to show that historical and spatial factors also significantly contribute to shaping protist distributions, calling for a reappraisal of our understanding of protist biogeography.
Methods
We review the current state-of-the-art on the field of protist biogeography, highlighting several outstanding questions and opportunities. Our review brings together insights from different disciplines, ranging from morphology-based research to environmental, population and speciation genomics.
Results
Protist communities harbour cosmopolitan and geographically restricted species and are shaped by both local environmental conditions and historical processes, yet the relative contributions of these patterns and processes likely differs depending on the geographic scale, protist lineage and the habitat that is being investigated. The field is ready to move beyond the decades-long ubiquity versus (moderate) endemicity discourse and to instead ask why and where specific protist species and clades are more prone to widespread or restricted distributions. With the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, from whole-genome sequencing to environmental and ancient DNA surveys, it is now possible to integrate insights from multiple lines of evidence and investigate protist communities, species and populations at an unprecedented scale and detail.
Outlook
To further advance the field, the protist community needs to focus on understudied habitats and protist lineages, study the impact of protist traits on biogeographical patterns, perform targeted field and experimental work to disentangle the processes that underlie protist biogeographies and expand and develop databases with sequence, trait, distributional and phylogenetic information of protists. Given that a good understanding of species boundaries is central to unravelling protist biogeography, it remains crucial to invest in polyphasic taxonomic research.
{"title":"A New Dawn for Protist Biogeography","authors":"Eveline Pinseel, Koen Sabbe, Elie Verleyen, Wim Vyverman","doi":"10.1111/geb.13925","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.13925","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Biogeographers have believed for a long time that the geographical distributions of protists are only determined by environmental conditions, because dispersal is not limited. During the past two decades, the field has come a long way to show that historical and spatial factors also significantly contribute to shaping protist distributions, calling for a reappraisal of our understanding of protist biogeography.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We review the current state-of-the-art on the field of protist biogeography, highlighting several outstanding questions and opportunities. Our review brings together insights from different disciplines, ranging from morphology-based research to environmental, population and speciation genomics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Protist communities harbour cosmopolitan and geographically restricted species and are shaped by both local environmental conditions and historical processes, yet the relative contributions of these patterns and processes likely differs depending on the geographic scale, protist lineage and the habitat that is being investigated. The field is ready to move beyond the decades-long ubiquity versus (moderate) endemicity discourse and to instead ask why and where specific protist species and clades are more prone to widespread or restricted distributions. With the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, from whole-genome sequencing to environmental and ancient DNA surveys, it is now possible to integrate insights from multiple lines of evidence and investigate protist communities, species and populations at an unprecedented scale and detail.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Outlook</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To further advance the field, the protist community needs to focus on understudied habitats and protist lineages, study the impact of protist traits on biogeographical patterns, perform targeted field and experimental work to disentangle the processes that underlie protist biogeographies and expand and develop databases with sequence, trait, distributional and phylogenetic information of protists. Given that a good understanding of species boundaries is central to unravelling protist biogeography, it remains crucial to invest in polyphasic taxonomic research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"33 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.13925","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142383978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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