Enrico Tordoni, Carlos Pérez Carmona, Aurèle Toussaint, Riin Tamme, Meelis Pärtel
Aim
Combining different biodiversity dimensions can reveal new diversity patterns disclosing the relative roles of historical, environmental and anthropogenic factors in shaping global seed plant diversity.
Location
Global.
Time period
Present.
Major taxa studied
Vascular plants.
Methods
We collated a database encompassing taxonomic (249,000 species), functional and phylogenetic information (34,694 species) of seed plants across different regions of the world. Species richness in each region was weighted accounting for their phylogenetic and functional distinctiveness, obtaining a new metric—μ-diversity—which was modelled to disentangle the relative roles of historical factors such as climate variability since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), environmental features (e.g. actual evapotranspiration—AET) and anthropogenic factors (past and current).
Results
Higher μ-diversity was observed in Papuasia, South East Asia, Australia and Central America, whereas the lowest values were primarily located in the Northern Hemisphere. Climate variability and AET were the most important determinants of μ-diversity and individual diversity facets, whereas the importance of past human impacts (i.e. the onset of pastoralism) equated or exceeded those of the present ones.
Main conclusions
Our integrative approach proved more sensitive in describing species diversity patterns. Few areas on Earth host high and unique proportions of multiple diversity facets and individual diversity facets contribute differently to μ-diversity across continents. Historical climate stability and water-energy dynamics strongly affect species diversity, but we also observed that past land-use legacy may have influenced current plant diversity, which is under intense anthropogenic pressure, especially in Asia as well as in Central and South America.
{"title":"Global patterns and determinants of multiple facets of plant diversity","authors":"Enrico Tordoni, Carlos Pérez Carmona, Aurèle Toussaint, Riin Tamme, Meelis Pärtel","doi":"10.1111/geb.13823","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.13823","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Combining different biodiversity dimensions can reveal new diversity patterns disclosing the relative roles of historical, environmental and anthropogenic factors in shaping global seed plant diversity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Present.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major taxa studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Vascular plants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We collated a database encompassing taxonomic (249,000 species), functional and phylogenetic information (34,694 species) of seed plants across different regions of the world. Species richness in each region was weighted accounting for their phylogenetic and functional distinctiveness, obtaining a new metric—μ-diversity—which was modelled to disentangle the relative roles of historical factors such as climate variability since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), environmental features (e.g. actual evapotranspiration—AET) and anthropogenic factors (past and current).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Higher μ-diversity was observed in Papuasia, South East Asia, Australia and Central America, whereas the lowest values were primarily located in the Northern Hemisphere. Climate variability and AET were the most important determinants of μ-diversity and individual diversity facets, whereas the importance of past human impacts (i.e. the onset of pastoralism) equated or exceeded those of the present ones.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our integrative approach proved more sensitive in describing species diversity patterns. Few areas on Earth host high and unique proportions of multiple diversity facets and individual diversity facets contribute differently to μ-diversity across continents. Historical climate stability and water-energy dynamics strongly affect species diversity, but we also observed that past land-use legacy may have influenced current plant diversity, which is under intense anthropogenic pressure, especially in Asia as well as in Central and South America.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140124237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chronic directional climate changes in temperature and precipitation are predicted to increase the frequency of extreme climatic events (ECEs); however, their co-occurring effects on the temporal stability of community productivity (i.e. ANPP stability) are still unclear. Here, we evaluate whether the increased frequency of ECEs reduces ANPP stability, and how it modulates the effects of chronic directional climate factors on ANPP stability in natural grassland.
Location
Twenty-two sites in Asia and 14 sites in North America.
Time period
1980s–2010s.
Major taxa studied
Herbaceous plant.
Methods
We collected 36 long-term observational and consecutive ANPP data (at least 10 years) and resampled yearly ANPP via a consecutive resampling method of nested time windows for each field. We used linear mixed-effect models, partial regression analysis and structure equation models to explore the interactive effects of three climatic factors on ANPP stability and their associated intermediate processes of sensitivity, asymmetry, resistance and resilience.
Results
The increased frequency of ECEs was observed within the long-term rising temperature and elevating precipitation trend across sites in the past several decades. Elevating precipitation rather than rising temperature was the primary driver influencing ANPP stability. Elevating precipitation increased ANPP stability through increasing mean ANPP and decreasing the standard deviation (i.e. SD) of ANPP due to a decrease in sensitivity of ANPP to precipitation. The increased frequency of ECEs decreased ANPP stability mainly by increasing the SD of ANPP, and it reduced the positive effect of elevated precipitation on ANPP stability via a decrease in resilience.
Main conclusion
Our results demonstrated that recurrent and discrete ECEs had cumulatively negative effects on ANPP stability, and the decreased resilience was identified as the primary factor reducing the grassland community stability under long-term climate change. This highlighted the potential risks of increased frequency of ECEs for grassland ecosystem functions.
{"title":"Increased frequency of extreme climatic events weakens the community stability of natural grassland under directional climate changes by reducing resilience","authors":"Peipei Liu, Wangwang Lv, Jianping Sun, Shilong Piao, Yanfen Wang, Dorji Tsechoe, Caiyun Luo, Zhenhua Zhang, Bowen Li, Xiaowei Guo, Jingya Lv, Lanying Chen, Yingnian Li, Josep Peñuelas, Shiping Wang","doi":"10.1111/geb.13824","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.13824","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chronic directional climate changes in temperature and precipitation are predicted to increase the frequency of extreme climatic events (ECEs); however, their co-occurring effects on the temporal stability of community productivity (i.e. ANPP stability) are still unclear. Here, we evaluate whether the increased frequency of ECEs reduces ANPP stability, and how it modulates the effects of chronic directional climate factors on ANPP stability in natural grassland.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-two sites in Asia and 14 sites in North America.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>1980s–2010s.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major taxa studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Herbaceous plant.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We collected 36 long-term observational and consecutive ANPP data (at least 10 years) and resampled yearly ANPP via a consecutive resampling method of nested time windows for each field. We used linear mixed-effect models, partial regression analysis and structure equation models to explore the interactive effects of three climatic factors on ANPP stability and their associated intermediate processes of sensitivity, asymmetry, resistance and resilience.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The increased frequency of ECEs was observed within the long-term rising temperature and elevating precipitation trend across sites in the past several decades. Elevating precipitation rather than rising temperature was the primary driver influencing ANPP stability. Elevating precipitation increased ANPP stability through increasing mean ANPP and decreasing the standard deviation (i.e. SD) of ANPP due to a decrease in sensitivity of ANPP to precipitation. The increased frequency of ECEs decreased ANPP stability mainly by increasing the SD of ANPP, and it reduced the positive effect of elevated precipitation on ANPP stability via a decrease in resilience.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results demonstrated that recurrent and discrete ECEs had cumulatively negative effects on ANPP stability, and the decreased resilience was identified as the primary factor reducing the grassland community stability under long-term climate change. This highlighted the potential risks of increased frequency of ECEs for grassland ecosystem functions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140117918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ricarda Pätsch, Gabriele Midolo, Zuzana Dítě, Daniel Dítě, Viktoria Wagner, Michal Pavonič, Jiří Danihelka, Zdenka Preislerová, Mirjana Ćuk, Hans Georg Stroh, Tibor Tóth, Helena Chytrá, Milan Chytrý
<div> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>In salt-affected environments, salinity shapes ecosystem functions and species composition. Apart from salinity, however, we know little about how soil chemical factors affect plant species. We hypothesized that specific ions, most of which contribute to salinity, co-determine plant niche differentiation. We asked if the importance of ions differs for species with (halophytes) and without (associated species) physiological adaptations to saline soils.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>Carpatho-Pannonian region (Central and Eastern Europe).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Time period</h3> <p>2005–2021.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Major taxa studied</h3> <p>Vascular plants.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>We recorded species occurrences and collected soil samples in 433 plots in saline habitats. We measured pH, salinity (electrical conductivity), and concentrations of Ca<sup>2+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> Cl<sup>−</sup>, CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup> and mineral nitrogen (mN) and calculated the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR). For 88 species, we fitted response curves with Huisman–Olff–Fresco (HOF) models. To study ions' effects on species composition and ions' variance, we compared unconstrained and constrained ordinations and performed a principal component analysis. We used random forests to analyse the importance of ions for individual species and created two-dimensional species niche plots for key ions.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Ion concentration niches varied among species and did not necessarily correspond to soil salinity or alkalinity. We frequently observed monotonic, sigmoidal model responses, while skewed unimodal responses were rare. Ions explained a considerable proportion of species compositional variation. Particularly, Na<sup>+</sup>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, Cl<sup>−</sup>, and CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup> contributed to the ions' variance. Na<sup>+</sup>, followed by SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, Cl<sup>−</sup>, CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, and mN, was most important for the occurrence of individual species. Compared to associated species, Na<sup>+</sup>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, and mN were significantly less important for halophytes, whereas Cl<sup>−</sup> and C
{"title":"Beyond salinity: Plants show divergent responses to soil ion composition","authors":"Ricarda Pätsch, Gabriele Midolo, Zuzana Dítě, Daniel Dítě, Viktoria Wagner, Michal Pavonič, Jiří Danihelka, Zdenka Preislerová, Mirjana Ćuk, Hans Georg Stroh, Tibor Tóth, Helena Chytrá, Milan Chytrý","doi":"10.1111/geb.13821","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.13821","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In salt-affected environments, salinity shapes ecosystem functions and species composition. Apart from salinity, however, we know little about how soil chemical factors affect plant species. We hypothesized that specific ions, most of which contribute to salinity, co-determine plant niche differentiation. We asked if the importance of ions differs for species with (halophytes) and without (associated species) physiological adaptations to saline soils.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Carpatho-Pannonian region (Central and Eastern Europe).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>2005–2021.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major taxa studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Vascular plants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We recorded species occurrences and collected soil samples in 433 plots in saline habitats. We measured pH, salinity (electrical conductivity), and concentrations of Ca<sup>2+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> Cl<sup>−</sup>, CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup> and mineral nitrogen (mN) and calculated the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR). For 88 species, we fitted response curves with Huisman–Olff–Fresco (HOF) models. To study ions' effects on species composition and ions' variance, we compared unconstrained and constrained ordinations and performed a principal component analysis. We used random forests to analyse the importance of ions for individual species and created two-dimensional species niche plots for key ions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ion concentration niches varied among species and did not necessarily correspond to soil salinity or alkalinity. We frequently observed monotonic, sigmoidal model responses, while skewed unimodal responses were rare. Ions explained a considerable proportion of species compositional variation. Particularly, Na<sup>+</sup>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, Cl<sup>−</sup>, and CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup> contributed to the ions' variance. Na<sup>+</sup>, followed by SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, Cl<sup>−</sup>, CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, and mN, was most important for the occurrence of individual species. Compared to associated species, Na<sup>+</sup>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, and mN were significantly less important for halophytes, whereas Cl<sup>−</sup> and C","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.13821","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140000844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michal Horsák, David Ortiz, Jeffrey C. Nekola, Bert Van Bocxlaer
<div> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>We aimed to understand how biogeographical processes and moisture niche ecology contributed to the spatio-temporal diversification dynamics in the land snail genus <i>Vertigo</i>.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>Global (North America, Europe, Asia, Africa).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Time Period</h3> <p>Cenozoic era.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3> <p>Minute terrestrial snails of the genus <i>Vertigo.</i></p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>We reconstructed a time-calibrated phylogeny of 94 <i>Vertigo</i> taxa (~85% of all known extant species) based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data. Leveraging this phylogeny with distributional and ecological data from >7000 populations, we performed biogeographic and ecological modelling to investigate evolutionary mechanisms of global <i>Vertigo</i> diversification.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p><i>Vertigo</i> has diversified since the Early Eocene, ca. 47.6 Ma (95% HPD = 46.0–52.7), with its six subgenera originating from the Late Eocene (30.2–48.7 Ma) to the Early Miocene (13.3–23.0 Ma). Species diversity accumulated linearly, with a slight increase 35–30 and 25–20 Ma, coinciding with the emergence of most subgenera and northern hemisphere cooling, respectively. Biogeographic modelling indicated that most diversification events occurred in sympatry (no range modification), but that rare founder events drove global diversification. Soil moisture conditions, a major variable defining <i>Vertigo</i> niches, displayed significant phylogenetic signal, but varied less among subgenera relative to within. Shifts in biogeographical ranges and moisture niches (or the absence thereof) were significantly associated at macroevolutionary scales, with most niche shifts upon sympatric cladogenesis and hardly any upon founder-event speciation.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Main Conclusions</h3> <p>Our results indicate that ecological shifts in soil moisture niches occasionally drove cladogenesis in sympatry and anagenetic range extensions, but that long-distance dispersal was mainly successful in the absence of such shifts. A combination of neutral (founder events and drift) and selective mechanisms (adaptive habitat shif
研究方法我们根据线粒体和核DNA数据重建了94个脊椎动物类群（约占所有已知现生物种的85%）的时间校准系统发育。结果自早始新世（约 47.6 Ma (95% HPD = 46.0-52.7)）以来，迷魂阵就开始多样化，其六个亚属起源于晚始新世（30.2-48.7 Ma）至早中新世（13.3-23.0 Ma）。物种多样性呈线性增长，在 35-30 Ma 和 25-20 Ma 出现小幅增长，分别与大多数亚属的出现和北半球变冷相吻合。生物地理建模表明，大多数物种多样化事件发生在同域（没有范围改变），但罕见的创始事件驱动了全球物种多样化。土壤湿度条件是确定迷魂药生态位的一个主要变量，它显示出显著的系统发育信号，但亚属之间的差异相对于亚属内部的差异较小。主要结论我们的研究结果表明，土壤水分壁龛的生态变化偶尔会推动同域和同源分布范围的扩展，但在没有这种变化的情况下，远距离扩散主要是成功的。中性机制（始祖事件和漂移）和选择性机制（适应性生境转移）的结合决定了迷魂药的宏观进化成功。我们的研究结果表明，具有高生态位保真度或较少远距离扩散机会的物种将更容易受到未来人为压力的影响。
{"title":"Intercontinental dispersal and niche fidelity drive 50 million years of global diversification in Vertigo land snails","authors":"Michal Horsák, David Ortiz, Jeffrey C. Nekola, Bert Van Bocxlaer","doi":"10.1111/geb.13820","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.13820","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We aimed to understand how biogeographical processes and moisture niche ecology contributed to the spatio-temporal diversification dynamics in the land snail genus <i>Vertigo</i>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global (North America, Europe, Asia, Africa).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cenozoic era.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Minute terrestrial snails of the genus <i>Vertigo.</i></p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We reconstructed a time-calibrated phylogeny of 94 <i>Vertigo</i> taxa (~85% of all known extant species) based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data. Leveraging this phylogeny with distributional and ecological data from >7000 populations, we performed biogeographic and ecological modelling to investigate evolutionary mechanisms of global <i>Vertigo</i> diversification.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Vertigo</i> has diversified since the Early Eocene, ca. 47.6 Ma (95% HPD = 46.0–52.7), with its six subgenera originating from the Late Eocene (30.2–48.7 Ma) to the Early Miocene (13.3–23.0 Ma). Species diversity accumulated linearly, with a slight increase 35–30 and 25–20 Ma, coinciding with the emergence of most subgenera and northern hemisphere cooling, respectively. Biogeographic modelling indicated that most diversification events occurred in sympatry (no range modification), but that rare founder events drove global diversification. Soil moisture conditions, a major variable defining <i>Vertigo</i> niches, displayed significant phylogenetic signal, but varied less among subgenera relative to within. Shifts in biogeographical ranges and moisture niches (or the absence thereof) were significantly associated at macroevolutionary scales, with most niche shifts upon sympatric cladogenesis and hardly any upon founder-event speciation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results indicate that ecological shifts in soil moisture niches occasionally drove cladogenesis in sympatry and anagenetic range extensions, but that long-distance dispersal was mainly successful in the absence of such shifts. A combination of neutral (founder events and drift) and selective mechanisms (adaptive habitat shif","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.13820","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140000846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Taku Kadoya, Karin A. Nilsson, Jocelyn Kelly, Timothy J. Bartley, Torbjörn Säterberg, Matthew M. Guzzo, Ellen Esch, Dai Koide, Shin-ichiro S. Matsuzaki, Akira Terui, Munemitsu Akasaka, Andrew S. MacDougall
Aim
Environmental change affects metacommunity structure both directly—via abiotic factors and dispersal that affect species occurrence—and indirectly—via complex interactions among co-occurring species. We examined how the three main metacommunity factors—environmental conditions, spatial processes and species associations—affect metacommunity structure and whether responses are predictable in real-world systems by using novel methods to disentangle the drivers.
Location
Eastern Asia, northern Europe and central North America.
Time period
Contemporary.
Major taxa studied
Freshwater fish.
Methods
We used a dataset of freshwater fish species occurrences in temperate lakes in three countries in different biogeographic regions. We analysed co-occurrence patterns by using a joint species distribution model.
Results
We demonstrated that environmental processes are the main drivers of species' distribution and diversity, suggesting that future climate change (anthropogenic alteration of abiotic factors) will heavily influence the structure of metacommunities. We also showed that spatial processes and species interactions mediated the influence of environmental processes, especially at the lake level.
Main conclusions
Our results indicate that ongoing changes in metacommunity structure are modulated not only by the direct impacts of shifting abiotic factors but also by indirect effects of species interactions. Our global analysis indicates that even under the current high rate of environmental change, an identifiable set of underlying processes can be used to predict impacts of this change on metacommunity structure.
{"title":"Common processes drive metacommunity structure in freshwater fish","authors":"Taku Kadoya, Karin A. Nilsson, Jocelyn Kelly, Timothy J. Bartley, Torbjörn Säterberg, Matthew M. Guzzo, Ellen Esch, Dai Koide, Shin-ichiro S. Matsuzaki, Akira Terui, Munemitsu Akasaka, Andrew S. MacDougall","doi":"10.1111/geb.13822","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.13822","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Environmental change affects metacommunity structure both directly—via abiotic factors and dispersal that affect species occurrence—and indirectly—via complex interactions among co-occurring species. We examined how the three main metacommunity factors—environmental conditions, spatial processes and species associations—affect metacommunity structure and whether responses are predictable in real-world systems by using novel methods to disentangle the drivers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eastern Asia, northern Europe and central North America.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Contemporary.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major taxa studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Freshwater fish.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used a dataset of freshwater fish species occurrences in temperate lakes in three countries in different biogeographic regions. We analysed co-occurrence patterns by using a joint species distribution model.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We demonstrated that environmental processes are the main drivers of species' distribution and diversity, suggesting that future climate change (anthropogenic alteration of abiotic factors) will heavily influence the structure of metacommunities. We also showed that spatial processes and species interactions mediated the influence of environmental processes, especially at the lake level.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results indicate that ongoing changes in metacommunity structure are modulated not only by the direct impacts of shifting abiotic factors but also by indirect effects of species interactions. Our global analysis indicates that even under the current high rate of environmental change, an identifiable set of underlying processes can be used to predict impacts of this change on metacommunity structure.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140000870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joris H. Wiethase, Philip S. Mostert, Christopher R. Cooney, Robert B. O'Hara, Colin M. Beale
Aim
Climate change and habitat loss or degradation are some of the greatest threats that species face today, often resulting in range shifts. Species traits have been discussed as important predictors of range shifts, with the identification of general trends being of great interest to conservation efforts. However, studies reviewing relationships between traits and range shifts have questioned the existence of such generalized trends, due to mixed results and weak correlations, as well as analytical shortcomings. The aim of this study was to test this relationship empirically, using analytical approaches that account for common sources of bias when assessing range trends.
Location
Tanzania, East Africa.
Time period
1980–1999 and 2000–2020.
Major taxa studied
57 savannah specialist birds found in Tanzania, belonging to 26 families and 11 orders.
Methods
We applied recently developed integrated spatio-temporal species distribution models in R-INLA, combining citizen science and bird Atlas data to estimate ranges of species, quantify range shifts, and test the predictive power of traditional trait groups, as well as exposure-related and sensitivity traits. We based our study on 40 years of bird observations in East African savannahs, a biome that has experienced increasing climatic and non-climatic pressures over recent decades. We correlated patterns of change with species traits using linear regression models.
Results
We find indications of relationships identified by previous research, but low average explanatory power of traits from an ecological perspective, confirming the lack of meaningful general associations. However, our analysis finds compelling species-specific results.
Main conclusions
We highlight the importance of individual assessments while demonstrating the usefulness of our analytical approach for analyses of range shifts.
{"title":"Spatio-temporal integrated Bayesian species distribution models reveal lack of broad relationships between traits and range shifts","authors":"Joris H. Wiethase, Philip S. Mostert, Christopher R. Cooney, Robert B. O'Hara, Colin M. Beale","doi":"10.1111/geb.13819","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.13819","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Climate change and habitat loss or degradation are some of the greatest threats that species face today, often resulting in range shifts. Species traits have been discussed as important predictors of range shifts, with the identification of general trends being of great interest to conservation efforts. However, studies reviewing relationships between traits and range shifts have questioned the existence of such generalized trends, due to mixed results and weak correlations, as well as analytical shortcomings. The aim of this study was to test this relationship empirically, using analytical approaches that account for common sources of bias when assessing range trends.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tanzania, East Africa.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>1980–1999 and 2000–2020.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major taxa studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>57 savannah specialist birds found in Tanzania, belonging to 26 families and 11 orders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We applied recently developed integrated spatio-temporal species distribution models in R-INLA, combining citizen science and bird Atlas data to estimate ranges of species, quantify range shifts, and test the predictive power of traditional trait groups, as well as exposure-related and sensitivity traits. We based our study on 40 years of bird observations in East African savannahs, a biome that has experienced increasing climatic and non-climatic pressures over recent decades. We correlated patterns of change with species traits using linear regression models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We find indications of relationships identified by previous research, but low average explanatory power of traits from an ecological perspective, confirming the lack of meaningful general associations. However, our analysis finds compelling species-specific results.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We highlight the importance of individual assessments while demonstrating the usefulness of our analytical approach for analyses of range shifts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.13819","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139976634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jorge Assis, Salvador Jesús Fernández Bejarano, Vinícius W. Salazar, Lennert Schepers, Lidiane Gouvêa, Eliza Fragkopoulou, Frederic Leclercq, Bart Vanhoorne, Lennert Tyberghein, Ester A. Serrão, Heroen Verbruggen, Olivier De Clerck
Motivation
Impacts of climate change on marine biodiversity are often projected with species distribution modelling using standardized data layers representing physical, chemical and biological conditions of the global ocean. Yet, the available data layers (1) have not been updated to incorporate data of the Sixth Phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), which comprise the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios; (2) consider a limited number of Earth System Models (ESMs), and (3) miss important variables expected to influence future biodiversity distributions. These limitations might undermine biodiversity impact assessments, by failing to integrate them within the context of the most up-to-date climate change projections, raising the uncertainty in estimates and misinterpreting the exposure of biodiversity to extreme conditions. Here, we provide a significant update of Bio-ORACLE, extending biologically relevant data layers from present-day conditions to the end of the 21st century Shared Socioeconomic Pathway scenarios based on a multi-model ensemble with data from CMIP6. Alongside, we provide R and Python packages for seamless integration in modelling workflows. The data layers aim to enhance the understanding of the potential impacts of climate change on biodiversity and to support well-informed research, conservation and management.
Main Types of Variable Contained
Surface and benthic layers for, chlorophyll-a, diffuse attenuation coefficient, dissolved iron, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, ocean temperature, pH, phosphate, photosynthetic active radiation, total phytoplankton, total cloud fraction, salinity, silicate, sea-water direction, sea-water velocity, topographic slope, topographic aspect, terrain ruggedness index, topographic position index and bathymetry, and surface layers for air temperature, mixed layer depth, sea-ice cover and sea-ice thickness.
Spatial Location and Grain
Global at 0.05° resolution.
Time Period and Grain
Decadal from present-day to the end of the 21st century (2000–2100).
Major Taxa and Level of Measurement
Marine biodiversity associated with surface and epibenthic habitats.
Software Format
A package of functions developed for Python and R software.
动因气候变化对海洋生物多样性的影响通常是利用代表全球海洋物理、化学和生物条件的标准化数据层进行物种分布建模预测的。然而，现有的数据层（1）尚未更新以纳入第六阶段耦合模式相互比较项目（CMIP6）的数据，这些数据包括共享社会经济路径（SSP）方案；（2）考虑的地球系统模式（ESM）数量有限；（3）遗漏了预计会影响未来生物多样性分布的重要变量。这些局限性可能会破坏生物多样性影响评估，因为它们未能将生物多样性影响评估与最新的气候变化预测结合起来，增加了评估的不确定性，并误解了生物多样性在极端条件下的暴露程度。在此，我们对 Bio-ORACLE 进行了重大更新，基于 CMIP6 数据的多模型集合，将生物相关数据层从当今条件扩展到 21 世纪末的共享社会经济路径情景。同时，我们还提供了 R 和 Python 软件包，以便无缝集成到建模工作流程中。这些数据层旨在提高人们对气候变化对生物多样性潜在影响的认识，并为知情的研究、保护和管理提供支持。包含的主要变量类型表层和底层：叶绿素-a、扩散衰减系数、溶解铁、溶解氧、硝酸盐、海洋温度、pH 值、磷酸盐、光合有效辐射、浮游植物总量、总云量、盐度、硅酸盐、海水流向、海水流速、地形坡度、地形剖面、地形崎岖指数、地形位置指数和水深，以及表层的气温、混合层深度、海冰覆盖率和海冰厚度。空间位置和粒度全球，分辨率为 0.05°。时间段和粒度从现在到 21 世纪末（2000-2100 年）的十年。主要分类群和测量水平与表层和底栖栖息地相关的海洋生物多样性。软件格式为 Python 和 R 软件开发的功能包。
{"title":"Bio-ORACLE v3.0. Pushing marine data layers to the CMIP6 Earth System Models of climate change research","authors":"Jorge Assis, Salvador Jesús Fernández Bejarano, Vinícius W. Salazar, Lennert Schepers, Lidiane Gouvêa, Eliza Fragkopoulou, Frederic Leclercq, Bart Vanhoorne, Lennert Tyberghein, Ester A. Serrão, Heroen Verbruggen, Olivier De Clerck","doi":"10.1111/geb.13813","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.13813","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Motivation</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Impacts of climate change on marine biodiversity are often projected with species distribution modelling using standardized data layers representing physical, chemical and biological conditions of the global ocean. Yet, the available data layers (1) have not been updated to incorporate data of the Sixth Phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), which comprise the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios; (2) consider a limited number of Earth System Models (ESMs), and (3) miss important variables expected to influence future biodiversity distributions. These limitations might undermine biodiversity impact assessments, by failing to integrate them within the context of the most up-to-date climate change projections, raising the uncertainty in estimates and misinterpreting the exposure of biodiversity to extreme conditions. Here, we provide a significant update of Bio-ORACLE, extending biologically relevant data layers from present-day conditions to the end of the 21st century Shared Socioeconomic Pathway scenarios based on a multi-model ensemble with data from CMIP6. Alongside, we provide R and Python packages for seamless integration in modelling workflows. The data layers aim to enhance the understanding of the potential impacts of climate change on biodiversity and to support well-informed research, conservation and management.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Types of Variable Contained</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Surface and benthic layers for, chlorophyll-<i>a</i>, diffuse attenuation coefficient, dissolved iron, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, ocean temperature, pH, phosphate, photosynthetic active radiation, total phytoplankton, total cloud fraction, salinity, silicate, sea-water direction, sea-water velocity, topographic slope, topographic aspect, terrain ruggedness index, topographic position index and bathymetry, and surface layers for air temperature, mixed layer depth, sea-ice cover and sea-ice thickness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Spatial Location and Grain</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global at 0.05° resolution.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period and Grain</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Decadal from present-day to the end of the 21st century (2000–2100).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa and Level of Measurement</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Marine biodiversity associated with surface and epibenthic habitats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Software Format</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A package of functions developed for Python and R software.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139976853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeffrey W. Doser, Marc Kéry, Sarah P. Saunders, Andrew O. Finley, Brooke L. Bateman, Joanna Grand, Shannon Reault, Aaron S. Weed, Elise F. Zipkin
Aim
Species distribution models (SDMs) are increasingly applied across macroscales using detection-nondetection data. These models typically assume that a single set of regression coefficients can adequately describe species–environment relationships and/or population trends. However, such relationships often show nonlinear and/or spatially varying patterns that arise from complex interactions with abiotic and biotic processes that operate at different scales. Spatially varying coefficient (SVC) models can readily account for variability in the effects of environmental covariates. Yet, their use in ecology is relatively scarce due to gaps in understanding the inferential benefits that SVC models can provide compared to simpler frameworks.
Innovation
Here we demonstrate the inferential benefits of SVC SDMs, with a particular focus on how this approach can be used to generate and test ecological hypotheses regarding the drivers of spatial variability in population trends and species–environment relationships. We illustrate the inferential benefits of SVC SDMs with simulations and two case studies: one that assesses spatially varying trends of 51 forest bird species in the eastern United States over two decades and a second that evaluates spatial variability in the effects of five decades of land cover change on grasshopper sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum) occurrence across the continental United States.
Main conclusions
We found strong support for SVC SDMs compared to simpler alternatives in both empirical case studies. Factors operating at fine spatial scales, accounted for by the SVCs, were the primary divers of spatial variability in forest bird occurrence trends. Additionally, SVCs revealed complex species–habitat relationships with grassland and cropland area for grasshopper sparrow, providing nuanced insights into how future land use change may shape its distribution. These applications display the utility of SVC SDMs to help reveal the environmental factors that drive species distributions across both local and broad scales. We conclude by discussing the potential applications of SVC SDMs in ecology and conservation.
{"title":"Guidelines for the use of spatially varying coefficients in species distribution models","authors":"Jeffrey W. Doser, Marc Kéry, Sarah P. Saunders, Andrew O. Finley, Brooke L. Bateman, Joanna Grand, Shannon Reault, Aaron S. Weed, Elise F. Zipkin","doi":"10.1111/geb.13814","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.13814","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Species distribution models (SDMs) are increasingly applied across macroscales using detection-nondetection data. These models typically assume that a single set of regression coefficients can adequately describe species–environment relationships and/or population trends. However, such relationships often show nonlinear and/or spatially varying patterns that arise from complex interactions with abiotic and biotic processes that operate at different scales. Spatially varying coefficient (SVC) models can readily account for variability in the effects of environmental covariates. Yet, their use in ecology is relatively scarce due to gaps in understanding the inferential benefits that SVC models can provide compared to simpler frameworks.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Innovation</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Here we demonstrate the inferential benefits of SVC SDMs, with a particular focus on how this approach can be used to generate and test ecological hypotheses regarding the drivers of spatial variability in population trends and species–environment relationships. We illustrate the inferential benefits of SVC SDMs with simulations and two case studies: one that assesses spatially varying trends of 51 forest bird species in the eastern United States over two decades and a second that evaluates spatial variability in the effects of five decades of land cover change on grasshopper sparrow (<i>Ammodramus savannarum</i>) occurrence across the continental United States.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found strong support for SVC SDMs compared to simpler alternatives in both empirical case studies. Factors operating at fine spatial scales, accounted for by the SVCs, were the primary divers of spatial variability in forest bird occurrence trends. Additionally, SVCs revealed complex species–habitat relationships with grassland and cropland area for grasshopper sparrow, providing nuanced insights into how future land use change may shape its distribution. These applications display the utility of SVC SDMs to help reveal the environmental factors that drive species distributions across both local and broad scales. We conclude by discussing the potential applications of SVC SDMs in ecology and conservation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.13814","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139922948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Caroline M. McKeon, Yvonne M. Buckley, Meadhbh Moriarty, Mathieu Lundy, Ruth Kelly
Aim
Human pressure in the oceans is pervasive and affects marine life. Understanding species' differing responses to human pressure, and how human pressure compares to other environmental variables in shaping marine communities is needed to facilitate the sustainable management of the seas. Despite theory and empirical evidence that fishing pressure affects marine life-history strategies, several recent large-scale studies have not shown strong relationships between fishing pressure and community composition. We aim to reconcile theory with data and explain these variable findings, testing the hypothesis that the signal of the effect of fishing pressure on marine communities depends on the scale at which the community is defined.
We collate extensive scientific marine biodiversity surveys, published life-history traits and high-resolution annual fishing pressure data. Using frequentist Generalized Linear Mixed Models, we assess whether community mean weighted life-history traits correlate with fishing pressure, sea surface temperature and depth and whether the strength of these relationships are scale dependant.
Results
We show fish community life-history strategy correlates with fishing pressure, and the relative importance of fishing pressure compared to environmental variables increases with the scale at which a community is defined.
Main Conclusions
We suggest this scale dependence relates to the spatial extent over which covariates vary, and how fish movement moderates communities' experience of this variability. Our findings highlight the importance of explicit consideration of scale in ecological research, supporting the idea that studying systems at ecologically relevant scales is necessary to detect and appropriately interpret the effects of global change.
{"title":"Increased signal of fishing pressure on community life-history traits at larger spatial scales","authors":"Caroline M. McKeon, Yvonne M. Buckley, Meadhbh Moriarty, Mathieu Lundy, Ruth Kelly","doi":"10.1111/geb.13815","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.13815","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Human pressure in the oceans is pervasive and affects marine life. Understanding species' differing responses to human pressure, and how human pressure compares to other environmental variables in shaping marine communities is needed to facilitate the sustainable management of the seas. Despite theory and empirical evidence that fishing pressure affects marine life-history strategies, several recent large-scale studies have not shown strong relationships between fishing pressure and community composition. We aim to reconcile theory with data and explain these variable findings, testing the hypothesis that the signal of the effect of fishing pressure on marine communities depends on the scale at which the community is defined.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>North East Atlantic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>2009 to 2021.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Marine vertebrates (Teleostei, Elasmobranchii, Petromyzonti, Holocephali).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We collate extensive scientific marine biodiversity surveys, published life-history traits and high-resolution annual fishing pressure data. Using frequentist Generalized Linear Mixed Models, we assess whether community mean weighted life-history traits correlate with fishing pressure, sea surface temperature and depth and whether the strength of these relationships are scale dependant.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We show fish community life-history strategy correlates with fishing pressure, and the relative importance of fishing pressure compared to environmental variables increases with the scale at which a community is defined.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We suggest this scale dependence relates to the spatial extent over which covariates vary, and how fish movement moderates communities' experience of this variability. Our findings highlight the importance of explicit consideration of scale in ecological research, supporting the idea that studying systems at ecologically relevant scales is necessary to detect and appropriately interpret the effects of global change.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.13815","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139922939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paul Dufour, Pierre-André Crochet, Fabien L. Condamine, Sébastien Lavergne
Aim
While the evolution of seasonal migration and its association with biogeography have been the subject of numerous studies, its influence on species diversification has rarely been examined. The aim of this study is to explain the atypical latitudinal diversity gradient in shorebirds: did seasonal migration influence diversification and did the gradient evolve from higher in situ diversification or repeated transitions?
Location
Global.
Time Period
Palaeogene to present.
Major Taxa Studied
Order Charadriiformes (shorebirds and allies). Shorebirds include the species with the longest annual migrations in birds and exhibit an inverse latitudinal diversity gradient, with more species breeding toward higher latitudes.
Methods
We first assessed the temporal and geographical framework of the evolution of migration using a newly reconstructed time-calibrated phylogeny, and using the fossil record as a complementary source of information. We then used hidden state speciation and extinction models to test whether diversification and thus the latitudinal diversity gradient has been shaped by migratory behaviour or species latitudinal distribution.
Results
We found that the ancestor of Charadriiformes was likely a tropical year-round resident and that the current clade's distribution of diversity was not shaped by dispersal events out of the tropics but rather by higher in situ diversification in temperate biomes compared to tropical biomes. Seasonal migration did not affect diversification rate in our models. However, the evolution of seasonal migration seems to be a prerequisite to breed in temperate biomes, indirectly enabling the higher diversification observed in temperate biomes.
Main Conclusions
Our results bring original insights into how the migratory behaviour acted as a precursor in the diversification and biogeographical history of a large bird clade, ultimately shaping an atypical latitudinal diversity gradient.
{"title":"Seasonal migration and the evolution of an inverse latitudinal diversity gradient in shorebirds","authors":"Paul Dufour, Pierre-André Crochet, Fabien L. Condamine, Sébastien Lavergne","doi":"10.1111/geb.13817","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.13817","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While the evolution of seasonal migration and its association with biogeography have been the subject of numerous studies, its influence on species diversification has rarely been examined. The aim of this study is to explain the atypical latitudinal diversity gradient in shorebirds: did seasonal migration influence diversification and did the gradient evolve from higher in situ diversification or repeated transitions?</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Palaeogene to present.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Order Charadriiformes (shorebirds and allies). Shorebirds include the species with the longest annual migrations in birds and exhibit an inverse latitudinal diversity gradient, with more species breeding toward higher latitudes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We first assessed the temporal and geographical framework of the evolution of migration using a newly reconstructed time-calibrated phylogeny, and using the fossil record as a complementary source of information. We then used hidden state speciation and extinction models to test whether diversification and thus the latitudinal diversity gradient has been shaped by migratory behaviour or species latitudinal distribution.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found that the ancestor of Charadriiformes was likely a tropical year-round resident and that the current clade's distribution of diversity was not shaped by dispersal events out of the tropics but rather by higher in situ diversification in temperate biomes compared to tropical biomes. Seasonal migration did not affect diversification rate in our models. However, the evolution of seasonal migration seems to be a prerequisite to breed in temperate biomes, indirectly enabling the higher diversification observed in temperate biomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results bring original insights into how the migratory behaviour acted as a precursor in the diversification and biogeographical history of a large bird clade, ultimately shaping an atypical latitudinal diversity gradient.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.13817","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139923160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号