Meike Buhaly, Jake M. Alexander, Aníbal Pauchard, Lisa J. Rew, Tim Seipel, José Ramón Arévalo, Valeria Aschero, Joshua P. Averett, Agustina Barros, Lohengrin A. Cavieres, V. Ralph Clark, Curtis C. Daehler, Pervaiz A. Dar, Eduardo Fuentes-Lillo, Onalenna Gwate, Anke Jentsch, Josef Kutlvašr, Christian Larson, Jonas J. Lembrechts, Keith McDougall, Martin A. Nuñez, Irfan Rashid, Amanda Ratier Backes, Zafar A. Reshi, Andreas H. Schweiger, Koenraad Van Meerbeek, Vernon Visser, Michaela Vítková, Tom Vorstenbosch, Peter Wolff, Shengwei Zong, Sylvia Haider
Aim
Mountain ecosystems are experiencing increased invasion of non-native plants. These increases in non-native species put mountains at risk of biotic homogenisation and a reduction of biodiversity. Our study aims to test if non-native plant species are contributing to biotic homogenisation along roadways in mountain regions and how this changes along elevation gradients and across spatial scales.
Location
18 globally distributed mountain regions.
Time Period
2012–2023.
Major Taxa Studied
Vascular plants.
Methods
We used standardised vegetation surveys including species cover from 18 mountain regions worldwide to analyse whether the addition of non-native species to the native flora increased or decreased Bray–Curtis dissimilarity (i.e., beta-diversity) among roadside plant communities along elevation gradients ranging from 15 to 3919 m a.s.l. We tested this at the local, regional, continental and global scales using mixed-effects models and confirmed it using null models.
Results
In the New World, we mainly observed homogenisation across regions and scales, as beta-diversity was mostly lower with the addition of non-native species. This was particularly true for low elevations. In contrast, we predominantly found community differentiation in the Old World, specifically at smaller (i.e., local and regional) scales. At the global scale, communities became more similar through the addition of non-native species at all elevations.
Main Conclusions
Large-scale homogenisation might be interpreted as a signal that high-elevation plant communities along roadways may become more similar as non-native species continue to spread upwards. Future studies should investigate the mechanisms driving the observed patterns of both homogenisation and differentiation by non-native species, and explore the potential consequences of these patterns for ecosystem function and resilience.
{"title":"Global Homogenisation of Plant Communities Along Mountain Roads by Non-Native Species Despite Mixed Effects at Smaller Scales","authors":"Meike Buhaly, Jake M. Alexander, Aníbal Pauchard, Lisa J. Rew, Tim Seipel, José Ramón Arévalo, Valeria Aschero, Joshua P. Averett, Agustina Barros, Lohengrin A. Cavieres, V. Ralph Clark, Curtis C. Daehler, Pervaiz A. Dar, Eduardo Fuentes-Lillo, Onalenna Gwate, Anke Jentsch, Josef Kutlvašr, Christian Larson, Jonas J. Lembrechts, Keith McDougall, Martin A. Nuñez, Irfan Rashid, Amanda Ratier Backes, Zafar A. Reshi, Andreas H. Schweiger, Koenraad Van Meerbeek, Vernon Visser, Michaela Vítková, Tom Vorstenbosch, Peter Wolff, Shengwei Zong, Sylvia Haider","doi":"10.1111/geb.70137","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.70137","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mountain ecosystems are experiencing increased invasion of non-native plants. These increases in non-native species put mountains at risk of biotic homogenisation and a reduction of biodiversity. Our study aims to test if non-native plant species are contributing to biotic homogenisation along roadways in mountain regions and how this changes along elevation gradients and across spatial scales.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>18 globally distributed mountain regions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>2012–2023.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Vascular plants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used standardised vegetation surveys including species cover from 18 mountain regions worldwide to analyse whether the addition of non-native species to the native flora increased or decreased Bray–Curtis dissimilarity (i.e., beta-diversity) among roadside plant communities along elevation gradients ranging from 15 to 3919 m a.s.l. We tested this at the local, regional, continental and global scales using mixed-effects models and confirmed it using null models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the New World, we mainly observed homogenisation across regions and scales, as beta-diversity was mostly lower with the addition of non-native species. This was particularly true for low elevations. In contrast, we predominantly found community differentiation in the Old World, specifically at smaller (i.e., local and regional) scales. At the global scale, communities became more similar through the addition of non-native species at all elevations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Large-scale homogenisation might be interpreted as a signal that high-elevation plant communities along roadways may become more similar as non-native species continue to spread upwards. Future studies should investigate the mechanisms driving the observed patterns of both homogenisation and differentiation by non-native species, and explore the potential consequences of these patterns for ecosystem function and resilience.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70137","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145295227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Imran Khaliq, Edward Lavender, Haseeb Kamran, Muhammad Junaid Shahid, Muhammad Sheraz, Muhammad Awais, Mehtab Shabir, Muhammad Yasir, Abdul Hameed, Muhammad Asgher, Abdul Rehman, Maria Riaz, Diana E. Bowler, Christian Hof
<div> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>Variation in thermal tolerances along environmental gradients is assumed to follow similar patterns across different biological scales, including within and between species, and across communities. However, this assumption has yet to be tested using comprehensive datasets collected through standardised methodologies.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>Southern Asia.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Time Period</h3> <p>2017–2019.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3> <p>Ants, beetles, grasshoppers, and spiders.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>We quantified the associations between thermal tolerance traits and elevation or temperature at three biological scales (community, broad taxonomic group, and species) along two distinct elevational transects in Southern Asia. In total, we measured thermal tolerances of over 15,000 individuals from 114 arthropod species belonging to four invertebrate taxa (ants, beetles, grasshoppers, and spiders). We compared the relationships at each scale using mixed-effects models.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>At the community scale, across all individuals of all species, we found a consistent decline in the values of three thermal tolerance traits (upper tolerance, lower tolerance, and tolerance breadth) with elevation along the Himalayan transect but an increase in the values of upper and lower tolerance along the Sulaiman transect. The relationships of thermal tolerance traits and elevation/temperature varied among the groups and species between the Himalayan and Sulaiman transects. This suggests that factors beyond elevation, including vegetation composition, microclimate, landscape features, and local adaptation, drive observed variation in thermal tolerance traits among and within species.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusion</h3> <p>Our study highlights the interplay between thermal physiology and the environment across different habitats and biological scales. Our findings indicate that predicting biodiversity responses to environmental change based on thermal tolerance–environment relationships requires careful consideration of group- and species-level variation. This is essential for improving the accuracy of climate chang
{"title":"Variation in Ectotherm Thermal Tolerances With Elevation and Temperature Across Biological Scales","authors":"Imran Khaliq, Edward Lavender, Haseeb Kamran, Muhammad Junaid Shahid, Muhammad Sheraz, Muhammad Awais, Mehtab Shabir, Muhammad Yasir, Abdul Hameed, Muhammad Asgher, Abdul Rehman, Maria Riaz, Diana E. Bowler, Christian Hof","doi":"10.1111/geb.70135","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.70135","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Variation in thermal tolerances along environmental gradients is assumed to follow similar patterns across different biological scales, including within and between species, and across communities. However, this assumption has yet to be tested using comprehensive datasets collected through standardised methodologies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Southern Asia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>2017–2019.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ants, beetles, grasshoppers, and spiders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We quantified the associations between thermal tolerance traits and elevation or temperature at three biological scales (community, broad taxonomic group, and species) along two distinct elevational transects in Southern Asia. In total, we measured thermal tolerances of over 15,000 individuals from 114 arthropod species belonging to four invertebrate taxa (ants, beetles, grasshoppers, and spiders). We compared the relationships at each scale using mixed-effects models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>At the community scale, across all individuals of all species, we found a consistent decline in the values of three thermal tolerance traits (upper tolerance, lower tolerance, and tolerance breadth) with elevation along the Himalayan transect but an increase in the values of upper and lower tolerance along the Sulaiman transect. The relationships of thermal tolerance traits and elevation/temperature varied among the groups and species between the Himalayan and Sulaiman transects. This suggests that factors beyond elevation, including vegetation composition, microclimate, landscape features, and local adaptation, drive observed variation in thermal tolerance traits among and within species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study highlights the interplay between thermal physiology and the environment across different habitats and biological scales. Our findings indicate that predicting biodiversity responses to environmental change based on thermal tolerance–environment relationships requires careful consideration of group- and species-level variation. This is essential for improving the accuracy of climate chang","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70135","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145277471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jinyan Yang, Yiqing Guo, Christopher J. Owers, Kate Giljohann, Roozbeh Valavi, Randall Donohue, Kristen J. Williams, Simon Ferrier, Karel Mokany
Aim
The condition of terrestrial ecosystems (i.e., structure, function and composition) has been altered by increasing human pressure globally, affecting biodiversity and the sustainability of services that ecosystems provide. Effective conservation and restoration decisions will be supported by a continuous global fine-scale assessment of changes in ecosystem condition over time.
Innovation
We developed a framework to provide annual ecosystem condition assessment based on remotely sensed ecosystem condition variables. Our conceptually simple approach compares the ecosystem variables of a target site to training sites with known condition. The comparison yields an ecosystem condition score as the similarity to the training sites. This framework provides a way to identify the temporal change in ecosystem condition while accommodating the natural dynamics of ecosystems and the spatial change from alternative natural states of ecosystems.
Main Conclusions
As a case study, we mapped annual ecosystem condition across Australia from 2013 to 2022, using Landsat-derived condition variables at 100 m resolution. Our approach estimated ecosystem condition with high accuracy (RMSE = 0.23), which remained consistent along large environmental gradients. When evaluated against independent field-based observations and other condition maps, our approach showed high agreement and identified the trajectories of ecosystem condition over time for sites with known changes. The case study suggests our approach is a useful tool to assess and monitor annual changes in ecosystem condition at continental scales. Our maps provide the information needed for assessing long-term anthropogenic impacts on ecosystem condition and to support policy, planning and management decisions.
{"title":"A Framework for Dynamic Assessment of Terrestrial Ecosystem Condition","authors":"Jinyan Yang, Yiqing Guo, Christopher J. Owers, Kate Giljohann, Roozbeh Valavi, Randall Donohue, Kristen J. Williams, Simon Ferrier, Karel Mokany","doi":"10.1111/geb.70132","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.70132","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The condition of terrestrial ecosystems (i.e., structure, function and composition) has been altered by increasing human pressure globally, affecting biodiversity and the sustainability of services that ecosystems provide. Effective conservation and restoration decisions will be supported by a continuous global fine-scale assessment of changes in ecosystem condition over time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Innovation</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We developed a framework to provide annual ecosystem condition assessment based on remotely sensed ecosystem condition variables. Our conceptually simple approach compares the ecosystem variables of a target site to training sites with known condition. The comparison yields an ecosystem condition score as the similarity to the training sites. This framework provides a way to identify the temporal change in ecosystem condition while accommodating the natural dynamics of ecosystems and the spatial change from alternative natural states of ecosystems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As a case study, we mapped annual ecosystem condition across Australia from 2013 to 2022, using Landsat-derived condition variables at 100 m resolution. Our approach estimated ecosystem condition with high accuracy (RMSE = 0.23), which remained consistent along large environmental gradients. When evaluated against independent field-based observations and other condition maps, our approach showed high agreement and identified the trajectories of ecosystem condition over time for sites with known changes. The case study suggests our approach is a useful tool to assess and monitor annual changes in ecosystem condition at continental scales. Our maps provide the information needed for assessing long-term anthropogenic impacts on ecosystem condition and to support policy, planning and management decisions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70132","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145241226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matthias Grenié, Helge Bruelheide, Wayne Dawson, Franz Essl, Mark van Kleunen, Ingolf Kühn, Holger Kreft, Petr Pyšek, Patrick Weigelt, Marten Winter
<div> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>Functional traits help to understand the ecological processes underlying biological invasions. The extent to which trait data are available for alien plants at the global scale is unknown. In this study, we assess the availability of trait data and identify global gaps and biases.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>Global.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Time Period</h3> <p>Present.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3> <p>Vascular plants.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>We used the GloNAF database to get a global list of plants naturalised outside their native range and their distributions. We combined data from the four largest trait databases: AusTraits, BIEN, GIFT, and TRY, on which we performed taxonomic and trait harmonisation. We studied the availability of trait data. Then, based on the distribution data, we tested to what extent trait knowledge was driven by ecological and socioeconomic variables.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>We found that the species-by-trait matrix (2764 traits for 14,539 species) was only 1.5% complete, with most traits measured for very few species. Only ten traits were available for more than 50% of all alien plants. Four percent of the species lacked all trait data, while 27% of species had data for the three key plant traits: leaf mass per area, seed mass, and plant height. We observed a strong latitudinal gradient in trait knowledge, with tropical regions showing lower trait knowledge than higher latitudes, particularly in the Northern Hemisphere. Growth form, range size, and invasion status were the strongest predictors of trait knowledge, with widespread, invasive tree species being better recorded than other alien species.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Main Conclusions</h3> <p>We identified large trait data gaps at a global scale for alien plants, which limits our ability to study functional invasion ecology at large spatial scales. These gaps are partly driven by uneven sampling and a lack of trait data integration across sources. We recommend prioritising the most invasion-relevant traits and coordinating community efforts of plant and invasion scientists to sample them in a standardised way, which could help close these
{"title":"Gaps in Global Alien Plant Trait Data and How to Fill Them","authors":"Matthias Grenié, Helge Bruelheide, Wayne Dawson, Franz Essl, Mark van Kleunen, Ingolf Kühn, Holger Kreft, Petr Pyšek, Patrick Weigelt, Marten Winter","doi":"10.1111/geb.70131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70131","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Functional traits help to understand the ecological processes underlying biological invasions. The extent to which trait data are available for alien plants at the global scale is unknown. In this study, we assess the availability of trait data and identify global gaps and biases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Present.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Vascular plants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used the GloNAF database to get a global list of plants naturalised outside their native range and their distributions. We combined data from the four largest trait databases: AusTraits, BIEN, GIFT, and TRY, on which we performed taxonomic and trait harmonisation. We studied the availability of trait data. Then, based on the distribution data, we tested to what extent trait knowledge was driven by ecological and socioeconomic variables.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found that the species-by-trait matrix (2764 traits for 14,539 species) was only 1.5% complete, with most traits measured for very few species. Only ten traits were available for more than 50% of all alien plants. Four percent of the species lacked all trait data, while 27% of species had data for the three key plant traits: leaf mass per area, seed mass, and plant height. We observed a strong latitudinal gradient in trait knowledge, with tropical regions showing lower trait knowledge than higher latitudes, particularly in the Northern Hemisphere. Growth form, range size, and invasion status were the strongest predictors of trait knowledge, with widespread, invasive tree species being better recorded than other alien species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We identified large trait data gaps at a global scale for alien plants, which limits our ability to study functional invasion ecology at large spatial scales. These gaps are partly driven by uneven sampling and a lack of trait data integration across sources. We recommend prioritising the most invasion-relevant traits and coordinating community efforts of plant and invasion scientists to sample them in a standardised way, which could help close these ","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70131","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samuel C. Andrew, Irene Martín-Forés, Greg R. Guerin, David Coleman, Daniel S. Falster, Elizabeth Wenk, Ian J. Wright, Rachael V. Gallagher
<div> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>Plant traits are used to describe the functional properties of vegetation that are critical to terrestrial ecosystem services. Functional trait metrics for plant communities can be valuable for modelling important ecosystem properties such as fuel loads and nutrient cycling, future plant diversity and responses to global change. However, the vast scale of plant diversity means collecting trait and distribution data for all species globally is logistically challenging. Here, we evaluate the utilisation of gap-filling methods for providing more comprehensive functional trait metrics for plant communities.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>Australia.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Time Period</h3> <p>Current.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3> <p>Australian native plants.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>Here we use gap-filled species-level functional trait data and species distributions for Australia to map continental scale averages and variability in four core traits related to resource competition, energy budgeting and reproductive investment (maximum height, seed mass, leaf area and leaf mass per area [LMA]). We explore how trait patterns relate to climate (temperature and precipitation) and validate our mapping using comparable trait metrics derived from a network of 747 plot-based plant species inventories across the continent (AusPlots).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Trait maps for maximum height, seed mass and leaf area were strongly and positively correlated, while mean LMA and LMA variability were negatively correlated with other trait means. Biogeographic patterns of trait averages and variability could be mostly explained (78% to 92% of variance) by annual precipitation and mean annual temperature, and their interaction. LMA was an exception, with only 46% of variance in spatial patterns explained.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Main Conclusions</h3> <p>Similar trait-climate trends from trait maps and plot-based inventories give clarity to an outstanding question of whether trait mapping captures patterns also evident in higher-resolution field-based studies. Our results indicate that trait maps reliably recreate known patterns, albeit at a greater
{"title":"Mapping Plant Functional Traits Using Gap-Filled Datasets to Inform Management and Modelling","authors":"Samuel C. Andrew, Irene Martín-Forés, Greg R. Guerin, David Coleman, Daniel S. Falster, Elizabeth Wenk, Ian J. Wright, Rachael V. Gallagher","doi":"10.1111/geb.70136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70136","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Plant traits are used to describe the functional properties of vegetation that are critical to terrestrial ecosystem services. Functional trait metrics for plant communities can be valuable for modelling important ecosystem properties such as fuel loads and nutrient cycling, future plant diversity and responses to global change. However, the vast scale of plant diversity means collecting trait and distribution data for all species globally is logistically challenging. Here, we evaluate the utilisation of gap-filling methods for providing more comprehensive functional trait metrics for plant communities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Australia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Current.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Australian native plants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Here we use gap-filled species-level functional trait data and species distributions for Australia to map continental scale averages and variability in four core traits related to resource competition, energy budgeting and reproductive investment (maximum height, seed mass, leaf area and leaf mass per area [LMA]). We explore how trait patterns relate to climate (temperature and precipitation) and validate our mapping using comparable trait metrics derived from a network of 747 plot-based plant species inventories across the continent (AusPlots).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Trait maps for maximum height, seed mass and leaf area were strongly and positively correlated, while mean LMA and LMA variability were negatively correlated with other trait means. Biogeographic patterns of trait averages and variability could be mostly explained (78% to 92% of variance) by annual precipitation and mean annual temperature, and their interaction. LMA was an exception, with only 46% of variance in spatial patterns explained.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Similar trait-climate trends from trait maps and plot-based inventories give clarity to an outstanding question of whether trait mapping captures patterns also evident in higher-resolution field-based studies. Our results indicate that trait maps reliably recreate known patterns, albeit at a greater","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70136","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jitang Li, Zehao Shen, Antonio Gazol, Eryuan Liang, Xuejing Wang, J. Julio Camarero
<div> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>Repeated droughts have proven more harmful to forest growth than single extreme droughts. However, the impacts of drought durations on global forests and their underlying drivers remain poorly understood. The drought responses can be evaluated by drought sensitivity (resistance, <i>R</i><sub><i>t</i></sub>) and the post-drought recovery rate (resilience, <i>R</i><sub><i>s</i></sub>). Differing drought responses are attributed to the different evolutionary strategies of species, which are shaped by their distinct physiological traits. Given the spatial variability in climate warming rates and aridification, understanding how trees respond to droughts of different characteristics (duration, recurrence, severity) in forested biomes is crucial to forecast productivity trends.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>Global.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Time Period</h3> <p>1950–2020.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3> <p>Tree species.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>By explicitly considering different drought durations (single-year and multi-year extreme droughts), we assessed drought impacts on the growth of global forests. In addition, the roles played by environmental conditions (climate, soils), stand attributes (age, density), functional traits (wood density, leaf and hydraulic traits), and phylogeny in forest responses to drought were also considered. We used three tree-ring databases (global ITRDB, European GenTree, and tropical data) accounting for 4374 site chronologies during the period 1950–2020, and quantified patterns in tree responses to drought in different climatic regions and biomes, including tropical forests.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>In general, significantly higher <i>R</i><sub><i>t</i></sub> and <i>R</i><sub><i>s</i></sub> were observed in humid regions. Interestingly, while multi-year extreme droughts caused worse impacts than single extreme droughts on <i>R</i><sub><i>s</i></sub>, they did not affect <i>R</i><sub><i>t</i></sub> among drought events. Specifically, <i>R</i><sub><i>t</i></sub> in arid regions was phylogenetically conserved and largely depended on wood density (WD) and hydraulic safety margin (HSM), while in humid regions, it was closely linked to climate, SLA, and HSM.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Main Conclusions</h3> <p>These findings provide new insights on the for
{"title":"Phylogeny and Climate Jointly Modulate Forest Growth Resistance in Response to Extreme Droughts in Arid Regions","authors":"Jitang Li, Zehao Shen, Antonio Gazol, Eryuan Liang, Xuejing Wang, J. Julio Camarero","doi":"10.1111/geb.70129","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.70129","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Repeated droughts have proven more harmful to forest growth than single extreme droughts. However, the impacts of drought durations on global forests and their underlying drivers remain poorly understood. The drought responses can be evaluated by drought sensitivity (resistance, <i>R</i><sub><i>t</i></sub>) and the post-drought recovery rate (resilience, <i>R</i><sub><i>s</i></sub>). Differing drought responses are attributed to the different evolutionary strategies of species, which are shaped by their distinct physiological traits. Given the spatial variability in climate warming rates and aridification, understanding how trees respond to droughts of different characteristics (duration, recurrence, severity) in forested biomes is crucial to forecast productivity trends.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>1950–2020.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tree species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>By explicitly considering different drought durations (single-year and multi-year extreme droughts), we assessed drought impacts on the growth of global forests. In addition, the roles played by environmental conditions (climate, soils), stand attributes (age, density), functional traits (wood density, leaf and hydraulic traits), and phylogeny in forest responses to drought were also considered. We used three tree-ring databases (global ITRDB, European GenTree, and tropical data) accounting for 4374 site chronologies during the period 1950–2020, and quantified patterns in tree responses to drought in different climatic regions and biomes, including tropical forests.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In general, significantly higher <i>R</i><sub><i>t</i></sub> and <i>R</i><sub><i>s</i></sub> were observed in humid regions. Interestingly, while multi-year extreme droughts caused worse impacts than single extreme droughts on <i>R</i><sub><i>s</i></sub>, they did not affect <i>R</i><sub><i>t</i></sub> among drought events. Specifically, <i>R</i><sub><i>t</i></sub> in arid regions was phylogenetically conserved and largely depended on wood density (WD) and hydraulic safety margin (HSM), while in humid regions, it was closely linked to climate, SLA, and HSM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings provide new insights on the for","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145209679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human activity intensity (HAI) is a crucial metric for quantifying human impacts on ecosystems. It is essential for studying humans' role in macro-ecological processes such as habitat connectivity, ecosystem change and biodiversity loss. However, the lack of high-quality HAI datasets in China has hindered related research. Our goals were to develop an improved method for national HAI mapping and to present a comprehensive HAI assessment in China from 2000 to 2020.
Location
China.
Time Period
2000–2020.
Major Taxa Studied
Terrestrial ecosystem.
Methods
We developed an improved HAI mapping methodology by introducing a comprehensive eight-indicator system covering socio-economic, natural environment and resources dimensions, more rigorous scoring models (e.g., travel time calculation) and a principal component analysis-based indicator overlaying method. China's first spatiotemporally consistent HAI maps from 2000 to 2020 were produced by applying this methodology and using higher temporal resolution and more reliable data than those used in global research.
Results
Our HAI dataset demonstrated significantly improved accuracy, with an overall root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.085; 34% lower than that of the global human footprint product (RMSE = 0.125). Additionally, it outperformed in challenging landscapes, such as rugged terrains, arid regions and natural-human transition zones. The results show between 2000 and 2015, over 620,000 km2 of areas with very low human activity (HAI < 0.5) disappeared, resulting in the fragmentation of natural habitats, particularly in forest ecosystems and grassland ecosystems.
Main Conclusions
We developed a national-scale HAI mapping method framework, by which high-quality HAI datasets for China were produced. Thanks to our HAI product, we revealed details that cannot be reflected in global datasets (e.g., grazing ban) and provided critical insights into the spatiotemporal dynamics of human impacts on ecosystems in China. This methodology offers global relevance as a reference model, facilitating human-nature relationship research in other countries.
{"title":"High-Quality Human Activity Intensity Maps in China From 2000 to 2020","authors":"Wenqi Xie, Yonghui Yao","doi":"10.1111/geb.70130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70130","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Human activity intensity (HAI) is a crucial metric for quantifying human impacts on ecosystems. It is essential for studying humans' role in macro-ecological processes such as habitat connectivity, ecosystem change and biodiversity loss. However, the lack of high-quality HAI datasets in China has hindered related research. Our goals were to develop an improved method for national HAI mapping and to present a comprehensive HAI assessment in China from 2000 to 2020.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>China.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>2000–2020.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Terrestrial ecosystem.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We developed an improved HAI mapping methodology by introducing a comprehensive eight-indicator system covering socio-economic, natural environment and resources dimensions, more rigorous scoring models (e.g., travel time calculation) and a principal component analysis-based indicator overlaying method. China's first spatiotemporally consistent HAI maps from 2000 to 2020 were produced by applying this methodology and using higher temporal resolution and more reliable data than those used in global research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our HAI dataset demonstrated significantly improved accuracy, with an overall root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.085; 34% lower than that of the global human footprint product (RMSE = 0.125). Additionally, it outperformed in challenging landscapes, such as rugged terrains, arid regions and natural-human transition zones. The results show between 2000 and 2015, over 620,000 km<sup>2</sup> of areas with very low human activity (HAI < 0.5) disappeared, resulting in the fragmentation of natural habitats, particularly in forest ecosystems and grassland ecosystems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We developed a national-scale HAI mapping method framework, by which high-quality HAI datasets for China were produced. Thanks to our HAI product, we revealed details that cannot be reflected in global datasets (e.g., grazing ban) and provided critical insights into the spatiotemporal dynamics of human impacts on ecosystems in China. This methodology offers global relevance as a reference model, facilitating human-nature relationship research in other countries.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The consistency of patterns in ontogenetic differences in plant traits across the globe has not been thoroughly studied. Environmental conditions affect leaf functional traits, and these effects can differ between adult trees and saplings due to varying environmental conditions in their aerial and soil environments. Our integrative analysis aims to reveal the global universality of woody plants' ontogeny and explores influencing factors.
Location
Global.
Time Period
Studies published in 1989–2023.
Major Taxa Studied
Woody plants.
Methods
We performed a global meta-analysis of woody plants with different plant functional types at 64 sites around the world, assessed the ontogenetic differences in nine key leaf traits and explored the environmental factors that affected the ontogenetic differences.
Results
We observed that (1) leaf traits differed significantly between adult trees and saplings, with environmental factors playing varying roles. Photosynthetic capacity per unit area (Aa) and nitrogen content per unit dry mass (Nm) were lower in saplings than in adults under low solar radiation, but this trend reversed with increased solar radiation. Differences in stomatal density (SD) and stable carbon isotope composition (δ13C) between adults and saplings were greatest under low solar radiation; (2) ontogenetic differences in leaf thickness (LT), leaf dry mass per area (LMA) and stomatal conductance (gs) were greater at lower mean annual temperature (MAT); (3) at high mean annual precipitation (MAP), adults had higher nitrogen content per unit area (Na), while saplings had higher Nm than adults; (4) soil conditions were strongly correlated with ontogenetic differences in LT and SD, with soil pH as a key driver of variation in Aa, LT, SD, Na and Nm.
Main Conclusions
Our findings indicate that ontogeny strongly modifies leaf functional traits an
{"title":"How Environment Affects Ontogenetic Differences in Leaf Functional Traits of Woody Plants","authors":"Ziyan Zhang, Kouki Hikosaka, Ülo Niinemets, Qingmin Han, Jeannine Cavender-Bares, Liting Zheng, Dong He, Enrong Yan, Mengguang Han, Guangze Jin, Zhili Liu","doi":"10.1111/geb.70133","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.70133","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The consistency of patterns in ontogenetic differences in plant traits across the globe has not been thoroughly studied. Environmental conditions affect leaf functional traits, and these effects can differ between adult trees and saplings due to varying environmental conditions in their aerial and soil environments. Our integrative analysis aims to reveal the global universality of woody plants' ontogeny and explores influencing factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Studies published in 1989–2023.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Woody plants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We performed a global meta-analysis of woody plants with different plant functional types at 64 sites around the world, assessed the ontogenetic differences in nine key leaf traits and explored the environmental factors that affected the ontogenetic differences.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We observed that (1) leaf traits differed significantly between adult trees and saplings, with environmental factors playing varying roles. Photosynthetic capacity per unit area (<i>A</i><sub>a</sub>) and nitrogen content per unit dry mass (<i>N</i><sub>m</sub>) were lower in saplings than in adults under low solar radiation, but this trend reversed with increased solar radiation. Differences in stomatal density (SD) and stable carbon isotope composition (δ<sup>13</sup>C) between adults and saplings were greatest under low solar radiation; (2) ontogenetic differences in leaf thickness (LT), leaf dry mass per area (LMA) and stomatal conductance (<i>g</i><sub>s</sub>) were greater at lower mean annual temperature (MAT); (3) at high mean annual precipitation (MAP), adults had higher nitrogen content per unit area (<i>N</i><sub>a</sub>), while saplings had higher <i>N</i><sub>m</sub> than adults; (4) soil conditions were strongly correlated with ontogenetic differences in LT and SD, with soil pH as a key driver of variation in <i>A</i><sub>a</sub>, LT, SD, <i>N</i><sub>a</sub> and <i>N</i><sub>m</sub>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings indicate that ontogeny strongly modifies leaf functional traits an","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70133","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145209385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eddie Pérochon, Neil Rosser, Krzysztof Kozak, W. Owen McMillan, Blanca Huertas, James Mallet, Jonathan Ready, Keith Willmott, Marianne Elias, Maël Doré
Aim
Uncovering the effects of Müllerian mimetic interactions on the evolution of species niches and geographic distributions at a continental scale.
Location
Neotropics and part of Nearctic.
Time Period
19th century to present, with most data collected within the last 30 years.
Major Taxa Studied
Heliconiini (Heliconiinae) and Ithomiini (Danainae) butterfly tribes.
Methods
We leveraged a dataset of 67,563 geolocalized occurrences from fieldwork observations and museum collections to map broad-scale biodiversity patterns of heliconiine butterflies. We tested for congruences and disparities with known Ithomiini biodiversity patterns, a group from which they diverged 86.5 My ago, yet share numerous warning wing colour patterns. We used phylogenetic comparative analyses to test for both the spatial co-occurrence of species with similar aposematic wing patterns and the convergence of their climatic niche within and between tribes.
Results
Both tribes exhibit wide overlap in biodiversity hotspots across the Neotropics, including a high prevalence of rare species and mimetic patterns in the tropical Andes. Ithomiine species dominate Andean communities, while the Amazon basin hosts a higher relative richness of heliconiines. Phenotypically similar species within and between tribes share climatic niches as a result of selection favouring both co-occurrence of look-alike species and convergence of warning signals within local communities.
Main Conclusions
We documented continental-scale spatial and evolutionary associations among species sharing warning signals both within and between tribes separated by 86.5 My of independent evolutionary history. Our results provide empirical evidence for the pervasive effects of mutualistic interactions on biodiversity patterns. Critically, they also emphasise the vulnerability of mimetic communities, bound together by positive interactions, to disassembly induced by climate change.
{"title":"Müllerian Mimicry in Neotropical Butterflies: One Mimicry Ring to Bring Them All and in the Jungle Bind Them","authors":"Eddie Pérochon, Neil Rosser, Krzysztof Kozak, W. Owen McMillan, Blanca Huertas, James Mallet, Jonathan Ready, Keith Willmott, Marianne Elias, Maël Doré","doi":"10.1111/geb.70127","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.70127","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Uncovering the effects of Müllerian mimetic interactions on the evolution of species niches and geographic distributions at a continental scale.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Neotropics and part of Nearctic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>19th century to present, with most data collected within the last 30 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Heliconiini (Heliconiinae) and Ithomiini (Danainae) butterfly tribes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We leveraged a dataset of 67,563 geolocalized occurrences from fieldwork observations and museum collections to map broad-scale biodiversity patterns of heliconiine butterflies. We tested for congruences and disparities with known Ithomiini biodiversity patterns, a group from which they diverged 86.5 My ago, yet share numerous warning wing colour patterns. We used phylogenetic comparative analyses to test for both the spatial co-occurrence of species with similar aposematic wing patterns and the convergence of their climatic niche within and between tribes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Both tribes exhibit wide overlap in biodiversity hotspots across the Neotropics, including a high prevalence of rare species and mimetic patterns in the tropical Andes. Ithomiine species dominate Andean communities, while the Amazon basin hosts a higher relative richness of heliconiines. Phenotypically similar species within and between tribes share climatic niches as a result of selection favouring both co-occurrence of look-alike species and convergence of warning signals within local communities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We documented continental-scale spatial and evolutionary associations among species sharing warning signals both within and between tribes separated by 86.5 My of independent evolutionary history. Our results provide empirical evidence for the pervasive effects of mutualistic interactions on biodiversity patterns. Critically, they also emphasise the vulnerability of mimetic communities, bound together by positive interactions, to disassembly induced by climate change.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70127","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alba Anadon-Rosell, Amanda Casanovas, Manuela Bog, Estela Illa, Jürgen Kreyling, Jordi Martínez-Vilalta, Josep M. Ninot, Aaron Pérez-Haase, Martin Wilmking
<div> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>Intraindividual trait variability (iITV), which is the variability among repeated architectural units within an individual, may represent a crucial dimension of functional diversity in plant eco-evolutionary dynamics. Although inter- and intraspecific trait variability have been widely studied, the extent of iITV remains largely overlooked. Since iITV might be especially relevant in long-lived clonal plants, we investigated sources of trait variability (species, site, clone, ramet, leaf) in tundra clonal dwarf shrubs, particularly focusing on iITV and its potential drivers.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>Europe.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Time Period</h3> <p>July 2019 to September 2020.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3> <p>Clonal dwarf shrubs.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>We sampled four widespread boreo-alpine clonal dwarf shrub species (<i>Dryas octopetala</i>, <i>Empetrum hermaphroditum</i>, <i>Vaccinium myrtillus</i> and <i>Vaccinium uliginosum</i>) along elevation gradients in the Pyrenees and along a latitude gradient in Europe. At each site, we selected four clones per species and sampled five ramets per clone. We measured size-architectural traits in each ramet and leaf traits in five leaves per ramet. We quantified interspecific, intraspecific and iITV, investigated the relationship between iITV and both climate and clone structural variables, and compared sampling protocols either accounting for or ignoring iITV.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Although interspecific trait variability was substantial, we found large proportions of iITV within species. Size-architectural traits showed larger iITV (up to 100% of ITV), but leaf traits also showed remarkable values (up to 77%). Our results showed that iITV increased with mean annual temperature for specific leaf area. However, climate and clone structural variables were not predictive for iITV for any other trait.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusions</h3> <p>Our quantification of iITV in clonal dwarf shrubs evidences the importance of this source of variability and its potential ecological implications and emphasises the need to integrate it in sampling protocols, both to avoid bias in
{"title":"Intraindividual Variability as a Large Source of Trait Variation in Clonal Tundra Dwarf Shrubs Along Elevation and Latitude Gradients","authors":"Alba Anadon-Rosell, Amanda Casanovas, Manuela Bog, Estela Illa, Jürgen Kreyling, Jordi Martínez-Vilalta, Josep M. Ninot, Aaron Pérez-Haase, Martin Wilmking","doi":"10.1111/geb.70134","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.70134","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Intraindividual trait variability (iITV), which is the variability among repeated architectural units within an individual, may represent a crucial dimension of functional diversity in plant eco-evolutionary dynamics. Although inter- and intraspecific trait variability have been widely studied, the extent of iITV remains largely overlooked. Since iITV might be especially relevant in long-lived clonal plants, we investigated sources of trait variability (species, site, clone, ramet, leaf) in tundra clonal dwarf shrubs, particularly focusing on iITV and its potential drivers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Europe.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>July 2019 to September 2020.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Clonal dwarf shrubs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We sampled four widespread boreo-alpine clonal dwarf shrub species (<i>Dryas octopetala</i>, <i>Empetrum hermaphroditum</i>, <i>Vaccinium myrtillus</i> and <i>Vaccinium uliginosum</i>) along elevation gradients in the Pyrenees and along a latitude gradient in Europe. At each site, we selected four clones per species and sampled five ramets per clone. We measured size-architectural traits in each ramet and leaf traits in five leaves per ramet. We quantified interspecific, intraspecific and iITV, investigated the relationship between iITV and both climate and clone structural variables, and compared sampling protocols either accounting for or ignoring iITV.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although interspecific trait variability was substantial, we found large proportions of iITV within species. Size-architectural traits showed larger iITV (up to 100% of ITV), but leaf traits also showed remarkable values (up to 77%). Our results showed that iITV increased with mean annual temperature for specific leaf area. However, climate and clone structural variables were not predictive for iITV for any other trait.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our quantification of iITV in clonal dwarf shrubs evidences the importance of this source of variability and its potential ecological implications and emphasises the need to integrate it in sampling protocols, both to avoid bias in ","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70134","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145117199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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