Anna B. Jöst, Huai-Hsuan M. Huang, Yuanyuan Hong, Chih-Lin Wei, Henning A. Bauch, Benoit Thibodeau, Thomas M. Cronin, Hisayo Okahashi, Moriaki Yasuhara
<div> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>Within the intensively-studied, well-documented latitudinal diversity gradient, the deep-sea biodiversity of the present-day Norwegian Sea stands out with its notably low diversity, constituting a steep latitudinal diversity gradient in the North Atlantic. The reason behind this has long been a topic of debate and speculation. Most prominently, it is explained by the deep-sea glacial disturbance hypothesis, which states that harsh environmental glacial conditions negatively impacted Norwegian Sea diversities, which have not yet fully recovered. Our aim is to empirically test this hypothesis. Specific research questions are: (1) Has deep-sea biodiversity been lower during glacials than during interglacials? <i>(</i>2) Was there any faunal shift at the Mid-Brunhes Event (MBE) when the mode of glacial–interglacial climatic change was altered?</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>Norwegian Sea, deep sea (1819–2800 m), coring sites MD992277, PS1243, and M23352.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Time period</h3> <p>620.7–1.4 ka (Middle Pleistocene–Late Holocene).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Taxa studied</h3> <p>Ostracoda (Crustacea).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>We empirically test the deep-sea glacial disturbance hypothesis by investigating whether diversity in glacial periods is consistently lower than diversity in interglacial periods. Additionally, we apply comparative analyses to determine a potential faunal shift at the MBE, a Pleistocene event describing a fundamental shift in global climate.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>The deep Norwegian Sea diversity was not lower during glacial periods compared to interglacial periods. Holocene diversity was exceedingly lower than that of the last glacial period. Faunal composition changed substantially between pre- and post-MBE.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Main conclusions</h3> <p>These results reject the glacial disturbance hypothesis, since the low glacial diversity is the important precondition here. The present-day-style deep Norwegian Sea ecosystem was established by the MBE, more specifically by MBE-induced changes in global climate, which has led to more dynamic post-MBE conditions. In a broader context, this implies that the
目的在经过深入研究和充分记录的纬度多样性梯度中，当今挪威海的深海生物多样性以其明显的低多样性而脱颖而出，构成了北大西洋陡峭的纬度多样性梯度。这背后的原因一直是人们争论和猜测的话题。最主要的解释是 "深海冰川扰动假说"（the deep-sea glacial disturbance hypothesis），该假说认为严酷的冰川环境条件对挪威海的多样性产生了负面影响，而挪威海的多样性至今尚未完全恢复。我们的目标是对这一假说进行实证检验。具体的研究问题是(1) 冰川期的深海生物多样性是否低于间冰期？(2) 当冰川-间冰期气候变化模式发生改变时，在布伦瑞斯中期事件（MBE）中是否有任何动物群的变化？4 ka (Middle Pleistocene-Late Holocene).Taxa studiedOstracoda (Crustacea).Methods We empirically test the deep-sea glacial disturbance hypothesis by investigating whether diversity in glacial periods is consistently lower than diversity in interglacial periods.此外，我们还运用比较分析来确定 MBE（描述全球气候根本性转变的更新世事件）可能发生的动物群变化。结果挪威海深海的多样性在冰川期并不比间冰期低。全新世的多样性远远低于上一个冰川期。这些结果否定了冰川扰动假说，因为冰川期的低多样性是冰川期的重要前提条件。现今的挪威海深海生态系统是由 MBE（更具体地说，是由 MBE 引起的全球气候变化）建立起来的，这导致了 MBE 后更为动态的条件。从更广泛的角度看，这意味着 MBE 在建立现代极地深海生态系统和生物多样性方面发挥了重要作用。
{"title":"Testing the deep-sea glacial disturbance hypothesis as a cause of low, present-day Norwegian Sea diversity and resulting steep latitudinal diversity gradient, using fossil records","authors":"Anna B. Jöst, Huai-Hsuan M. Huang, Yuanyuan Hong, Chih-Lin Wei, Henning A. Bauch, Benoit Thibodeau, Thomas M. Cronin, Hisayo Okahashi, Moriaki Yasuhara","doi":"10.1111/geb.13844","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.13844","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Within the intensively-studied, well-documented latitudinal diversity gradient, the deep-sea biodiversity of the present-day Norwegian Sea stands out with its notably low diversity, constituting a steep latitudinal diversity gradient in the North Atlantic. The reason behind this has long been a topic of debate and speculation. Most prominently, it is explained by the deep-sea glacial disturbance hypothesis, which states that harsh environmental glacial conditions negatively impacted Norwegian Sea diversities, which have not yet fully recovered. Our aim is to empirically test this hypothesis. Specific research questions are: (1) Has deep-sea biodiversity been lower during glacials than during interglacials? <i>(</i>2) Was there any faunal shift at the Mid-Brunhes Event (MBE) when the mode of glacial–interglacial climatic change was altered?</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Norwegian Sea, deep sea (1819–2800 m), coring sites MD992277, PS1243, and M23352.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>620.7–1.4 ka (Middle Pleistocene–Late Holocene).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Taxa studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ostracoda (Crustacea).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We empirically test the deep-sea glacial disturbance hypothesis by investigating whether diversity in glacial periods is consistently lower than diversity in interglacial periods. Additionally, we apply comparative analyses to determine a potential faunal shift at the MBE, a Pleistocene event describing a fundamental shift in global climate.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The deep Norwegian Sea diversity was not lower during glacial periods compared to interglacial periods. Holocene diversity was exceedingly lower than that of the last glacial period. Faunal composition changed substantially between pre- and post-MBE.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These results reject the glacial disturbance hypothesis, since the low glacial diversity is the important precondition here. The present-day-style deep Norwegian Sea ecosystem was established by the MBE, more specifically by MBE-induced changes in global climate, which has led to more dynamic post-MBE conditions. In a broader context, this implies that the ","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"33 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.13844","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140636570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
James Reilly, Ignasi Bartomeus, Dylan Simpson, Alfonso Allen-Perkins, Lucas Garibaldi, Rachael Winfree
<div> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>Most of the world's food crops are dependent on pollinators. However, there is a great deal of uncertainty in the strength of this relationship, especially regarding the relative contributions of the honey bee (often a managed species) and wild insects to crop yields on a global scale. Previous data syntheses have likewise reached differing conclusions on whether pollinator species diversity, or only the number of pollinator visits to flowers, is important to crop yield. This study quantifies the current state of these relationships and links to a dynamic version of our analyses that updates automatically as studies become available.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>Global.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Time Period</h3> <p>Present.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Taxa studied</h3> <p>Insect pollinators of global crops.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>Using a newly created database of 93 crop pollination studies across six continents that roughly triples the number of studies previously available, we analysed the relationship between insect visit rates, pollinator diversity, and crop yields in a series of mixed-effects models.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>We found that honey bees and wild insects contribute roughly equal amounts to crop yields worldwide, having similar average flower visitation rates and producing similar increases in yield per visit. We also found that pollinator species diversity was positively associated with increased crop yields even when total visits from all species are accounted for, though it was less explanatory than the total number of visits itself.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Main conclusions</h3> <p>Our analysis suggests a middle ground where honey bees are not responsible for the vast majority of crop pollination as has often been assumed in the agricultural literature, and likewise wild insects are not vastly more important than honey bees, as recent global analyses have reported. We also conclude that while pollinator diversity is less important than the number of pollinator visits, these typically involve many species, underscoring the importance of conserving a diversity of wild pollinators.</p> </section> </di
{"title":"Wild insects and honey bees are equally important to crop yields in a global analysis","authors":"James Reilly, Ignasi Bartomeus, Dylan Simpson, Alfonso Allen-Perkins, Lucas Garibaldi, Rachael Winfree","doi":"10.1111/geb.13843","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.13843","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Most of the world's food crops are dependent on pollinators. However, there is a great deal of uncertainty in the strength of this relationship, especially regarding the relative contributions of the honey bee (often a managed species) and wild insects to crop yields on a global scale. Previous data syntheses have likewise reached differing conclusions on whether pollinator species diversity, or only the number of pollinator visits to flowers, is important to crop yield. This study quantifies the current state of these relationships and links to a dynamic version of our analyses that updates automatically as studies become available.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Present.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Taxa studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Insect pollinators of global crops.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using a newly created database of 93 crop pollination studies across six continents that roughly triples the number of studies previously available, we analysed the relationship between insect visit rates, pollinator diversity, and crop yields in a series of mixed-effects models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found that honey bees and wild insects contribute roughly equal amounts to crop yields worldwide, having similar average flower visitation rates and producing similar increases in yield per visit. We also found that pollinator species diversity was positively associated with increased crop yields even when total visits from all species are accounted for, though it was less explanatory than the total number of visits itself.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our analysis suggests a middle ground where honey bees are not responsible for the vast majority of crop pollination as has often been assumed in the agricultural literature, and likewise wild insects are not vastly more important than honey bees, as recent global analyses have reported. We also conclude that while pollinator diversity is less important than the number of pollinator visits, these typically involve many species, underscoring the importance of conserving a diversity of wild pollinators.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </di","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"33 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.13843","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140607533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The metaweb is a dictionary of nodes and their potential interactions developed for a particular region, focusing on a particular type of ecosystem. Based on the local biodiversity information at different spatial and temporal scales, the regional metaweb can be easily decomposed into local webs. The generated local webs are useful for understanding spatiotemporal variations in ecological interactions in a particular region. In this study, an attempt was made to develop a trophic metaweb for freshwater ecosystems in South Korea, called the KF-metaweb. The metaweb contains 23,074 interactions between 446 taxa collected from 730 studies. This metaweb can be used to understand the spatiotemporal variability of different local food webs and the effects of the environment on food web properties. Furthermore, this is the first metaweb developed for any Asian ecosystem that contains information about many interactions that are unavailable in any other existing database. In addition, this metaweb study enriches our global understanding of ecological interactions.
Main Types of Variables Contained
The data contained trophic interactions between resources (prey) and consumers (predators).
Spatial Location and Grain
The mainland of South Korea and Jeju Island.
Time Period and Grain
2008–2021.
Major Taxa
Microalgae (belonging to the phyla Cyanobacteria, Bygra, Cryophyta, Myozoa, Ochrophyta, Charophyta, Chlorophyta, Euglenozoa and Mycetozoa), zooplankton (belonging to the phyla Arthropoda and Rotifera), benthic macroinvertebrates (Platyhelmenthes, Annelida, Arthropoda and Mollusca) and fish.
Level of Measurement
Minimum taxonomic resolution was at the genus level for fish and benthic macroinvertebrates and order level for zooplankton and microalgae.
{"title":"KF-metaweb: A trophic metaweb of freshwater ecosystems of South Korea","authors":"Sagar Adhurya, Da-Yeong Lee, Young-Seuk Park","doi":"10.1111/geb.13845","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.13845","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Motivation</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The metaweb is a dictionary of nodes and their potential interactions developed for a particular region, focusing on a particular type of ecosystem. Based on the local biodiversity information at different spatial and temporal scales, the regional metaweb can be easily decomposed into local webs. The generated local webs are useful for understanding spatiotemporal variations in ecological interactions in a particular region. In this study, an attempt was made to develop a trophic metaweb for freshwater ecosystems in South Korea, called the KF-metaweb. The metaweb contains 23,074 interactions between 446 taxa collected from 730 studies. This metaweb can be used to understand the spatiotemporal variability of different local food webs and the effects of the environment on food web properties. Furthermore, this is the first metaweb developed for any Asian ecosystem that contains information about many interactions that are unavailable in any other existing database. In addition, this metaweb study enriches our global understanding of ecological interactions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Types of Variables Contained</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The data contained trophic interactions between resources (prey) and consumers (predators).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Spatial Location and Grain</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The mainland of South Korea and Jeju Island.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period and Grain</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>2008–2021.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Microalgae (belonging to the phyla Cyanobacteria, Bygra, Cryophyta, Myozoa, Ochrophyta, Charophyta, Chlorophyta, Euglenozoa and Mycetozoa), zooplankton (belonging to the phyla Arthropoda and Rotifera), benthic macroinvertebrates (Platyhelmenthes, Annelida, Arthropoda and Mollusca) and fish.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Level of Measurement</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Minimum taxonomic resolution was at the genus level for fish and benthic macroinvertebrates and order level for zooplankton and microalgae.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Software Format</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Excel (*.xlsx).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"33 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.13845","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140547993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Josep M. Serra-Diaz, Jeremy Borderieux, Brian Maitner, Coline C. F. Boonman, Daniel Park, Wen-Yong Guo, Arnaud Callebaut, Brian J. Enquist, Jens-C. Svenning, Cory Merow
Aim
Species occurrence data are valuable information that enables one to estimate geographical distributions, characterize niches and their evolution, and guide spatial conservation planning. Rapid increases in species occurrence data stem from increasing digitization and aggregation efforts, and citizen science initiatives. However, persistent quality issues in occurrence data can impact the accuracy of scientific findings, underscoring the importance of filtering erroneous occurrence records in biodiversity analyses.
Innovation
We introduce an R package, occTest, that synthesizes a growing open-source ecosystem of biodiversity cleaning workflows to prepare occurrence data for different modelling applications. It offers a structured set of algorithms to identify potential problems with species occurrence records by employing a hierarchical organization of multiple tests. The workflow has a hierarchical structure organized in testPhases (i.e. cleaning vs. testing) that encompass different testBlocks grouping different testTypes (e.g. environmental outlier detection), which may use different testMethods (e.g. Rosner test, jacknife,etc.). Four different testBlocks characterize potential problems in geographic, environmental, human influence and temporal dimensions. Filtering and plotting functions are incorporated to facilitate the interpretation of tests. We provide examples with different data sources, with default and user-defined parameters. Compared to other available tools and workflows, occTest offers a comprehensive suite of integrated tests, and allows multiple methods associated with each test to explore consensus among data cleaning methods. It uniquely incorporates both coordinate accuracy analysis and environmental analysis of occurrence records. Furthermore, it provides a hierarchical structure to incorporate future tests yet to be developed.
Main conclusions
occTest will help users understand the quality and quantity of data available before the start of data analysis, while also enabling users to filter data using either predefined rules or custom-built rules. As a result, occTest can better assess each record's appropriateness for its intended application.
{"title":"occTest: An integrated approach for quality control of species occurrence data","authors":"Josep M. Serra-Diaz, Jeremy Borderieux, Brian Maitner, Coline C. F. Boonman, Daniel Park, Wen-Yong Guo, Arnaud Callebaut, Brian J. Enquist, Jens-C. Svenning, Cory Merow","doi":"10.1111/geb.13847","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.13847","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Species occurrence data are valuable information that enables one to estimate geographical distributions, characterize niches and their evolution, and guide spatial conservation planning. Rapid increases in species occurrence data stem from increasing digitization and aggregation efforts, and citizen science initiatives. However, persistent quality issues in occurrence data can impact the accuracy of scientific findings, underscoring the importance of filtering erroneous occurrence records in biodiversity analyses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Innovation</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We introduce an R package, occTest, that synthesizes a growing open-source ecosystem of biodiversity cleaning workflows to prepare occurrence data for different modelling applications. It offers a structured set of algorithms to identify potential problems with species occurrence records by employing a hierarchical organization of multiple tests. The workflow has a hierarchical structure organized in test<i>Phases</i> (i.e. cleaning vs. testing) <i>that encompass different testBlocks</i> grouping different <i>testTypes</i> (e.g. <i>environmental outlier detection</i>), which may use different <i>testMethods</i> (e.g. <i>Rosner test, jacknife,</i>etc.). Four different <i>testBlocks</i> characterize potential problems in geographic, environmental, human influence and temporal dimensions. Filtering and plotting functions are incorporated to facilitate the interpretation of tests. We provide examples with different data sources, with default and user-defined parameters. Compared to other available tools and workflows, occTest offers a comprehensive suite of integrated tests, and allows multiple methods associated with each test to explore consensus among data cleaning methods. It uniquely incorporates both coordinate accuracy analysis and environmental analysis of occurrence records. Furthermore, it provides a hierarchical structure to incorporate future tests yet to be developed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>occTest will help users understand the quality and quantity of data available before the start of data analysis, while also enabling users to filter data using either predefined rules or custom-built rules. As a result, occTest can better assess each record's appropriateness for its intended application.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"33 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140550517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arildo S. Dias, Rafael S. Oliveira, Fernando R. Martins, Frans Bongers, Niels P. R. Anten, Frank J. Sterck
<div> <section> <h3> Aims</h3> <p>Lianas are a central component of tropical forests. However, how the type of climbing mechanisms is related to the functional and taxonomic diversity of lianas across the tropics, remains largely unresolved. Here, we tested two main hypotheses: (i) the functional diversity of lianas differs with climbing mechanism (active and passive) and (ii) the association between taxonomic diversity with contemporary climate, paleoclimate, forest structure and phylogeny differ between climbing mechanisms.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>Tropical forests.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Time Period</h3> <p>Present.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3> <p>Terrestrial plants.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>We assembled functional traits and the type of climbing mechanism for 702 liana species and used the World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v.2.0) to standardize species names, map geographical distribution and estimate taxonomic richness. We used kernel density n-dimensional hypervolume to estimate the functional diversity of each type of climbing mechanism. We compared the environmental response of taxonomic richness of each type of climbing mechanism, active and passive, to the response of overall liana species richness. We assessed the magnitude and direction of the environmental response considering variables of climate, soil fertility and forest structure.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>We found that active climbing exhibits a higher functional richness than passive climbing. Richness patterns of active and passive climbing mechanisms were mainly driven by contemporary climate, paleoclimate and phylogenetic relatedness. More importantly, paleoclimate was negatively associated with active climbing and positively associated with passive climbing.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Main Conclusions</h3> <p>Our study highlights differences in functional diversity (richness, dispersion, evenness and originality) between active and passive climbing species, likely reflecting their distinct ecological strategies for resource use, stress tolerance and dispersal. Integrating taxonomic and functional diversity metrics with information about the type of climbing mechanism provi
{"title":"Climbing mechanisms as a central trait to understand the ecology of lianas across the tropics","authors":"Arildo S. Dias, Rafael S. Oliveira, Fernando R. Martins, Frans Bongers, Niels P. R. Anten, Frank J. Sterck","doi":"10.1111/geb.13846","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.13846","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lianas are a central component of tropical forests. However, how the type of climbing mechanisms is related to the functional and taxonomic diversity of lianas across the tropics, remains largely unresolved. Here, we tested two main hypotheses: (i) the functional diversity of lianas differs with climbing mechanism (active and passive) and (ii) the association between taxonomic diversity with contemporary climate, paleoclimate, forest structure and phylogeny differ between climbing mechanisms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tropical forests.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Present.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Terrestrial plants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We assembled functional traits and the type of climbing mechanism for 702 liana species and used the World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v.2.0) to standardize species names, map geographical distribution and estimate taxonomic richness. We used kernel density n-dimensional hypervolume to estimate the functional diversity of each type of climbing mechanism. We compared the environmental response of taxonomic richness of each type of climbing mechanism, active and passive, to the response of overall liana species richness. We assessed the magnitude and direction of the environmental response considering variables of climate, soil fertility and forest structure.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found that active climbing exhibits a higher functional richness than passive climbing. Richness patterns of active and passive climbing mechanisms were mainly driven by contemporary climate, paleoclimate and phylogenetic relatedness. More importantly, paleoclimate was negatively associated with active climbing and positively associated with passive climbing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study highlights differences in functional diversity (richness, dispersion, evenness and originality) between active and passive climbing species, likely reflecting their distinct ecological strategies for resource use, stress tolerance and dispersal. Integrating taxonomic and functional diversity metrics with information about the type of climbing mechanism provi","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"33 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.13846","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140547991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Julia Kemppinen, Jonas J. Lembrechts, Koenraad Van Meerbeek, Jofre Carnicer, Nathalie Isabelle Chardon, Paul Kardol, Jonathan Lenoir, Daijun Liu, Ilya Maclean, Jan Pergl, Patrick Saccone, Rebecca A. Senior, Ting Shen, Sandra Słowińska, Vigdis Vandvik, Jonathan von Oppen, Juha Aalto, Biruk Ayalew, Olivia Bates, Cleo Bertelsmeier, Romain Bertrand, Rémy Beugnon, Jeremy Borderieux, Josef Brůna, Lauren Buckley, Jelena Bujan, Angelica Casanova-Katny, Ditte Marie Christiansen, Flavien Collart, Emiel De Lombaerde, Karen De Pauw, Leen Depauw, Michele Di Musciano, Raquel Díaz Borrego, Joan Díaz-Calafat, Diego Ellis-Soto, Raquel Esteban, Geerte Fälthammar de Jong, Elise Gallois, Maria Begoña Garcia, Loïc Gillerot, Caroline Greiser, Eva Gril, Stef Haesen, Arndt Hampe, Per-Ola Hedwall, Gabriel Hes, Helena Hespanhol, Raúl Hoffrén, Kristoffer Hylander, Borja Jiménez-Alfaro, Tommaso Jucker, David Klinges, Joonas Kolstela, Martin Kopecký, Bence Kovács, Eduardo Eiji Maeda, František Máliš, Matěj Man, Corrie Mathiak, Eric Meineri, Ilona Naujokaitis-Lewis, Ivan Nijs, Signe Normand, Martin Nuñez, Anna Orczewska, Pablo Peña-Aguilera, Sylvain Pincebourde, Roman Plichta, Susan Quick, David Renault, Lorenzo Ricci, Tuuli Rissanen, Laura Segura-Hernández, Federico Selvi, Josep M. Serra-Diaz, Lydia Soifer, Fabien Spicher, Jens-Christian Svenning, Anouch Tamian, Arno Thomaes, Marijke Thoonen, Brittany Trew, Stijn Van de Vondel, Liesbeth van den Brink, Pieter Vangansbeke, Sanne Verdonck, Michaela Vitkova, Maria Vives-Ingla, Loke von Schmalensee, Runxi Wang, Jan Wild, Joseph Williamson, Florian Zellweger, Xiaqu Zhou, Emmanuel Junior Zuza, Pieter De Frenne
Brief introduction: What are microclimates and why are they important?
Microclimate science has developed into a global discipline. Microclimate science is increasingly used to understand and mitigate climate and biodiversity shifts. Here, we provide an overview of the current status of microclimate ecology and biogeography in terrestrial ecosystems, and where this field is heading next.
Microclimate investigations in ecology and biogeography
We highlight the latest research on interactions between microclimates and organisms, including how microclimates influence individuals, and through them populations, communities and entire ecosystems and their processes. We also briefly discuss recent research on how organisms shape microclimates from the tropics to the poles.
Microclimate applications in ecosystem management
Microclimates are also important in ecosystem management under climate change. We showcase new research in microclimate management with examples from biodiversity conservation, forestry and urban ecology. We discuss the importance of microrefugia in conservation and how to promote microclimate heterogeneity.
Methods for microclimate science
We showcase the recent advances in data acquisition, such as novel field sensors and remote sensing methods. We discuss microclimate modelling, mapping and data processing, including accessibility of modelling tools, advantages of mechanistic and statistical modelling and solutions for computational challenges that have pushed the state-of-the-art of the field.
What's next?
We identify major knowledge gaps that need to be filled for further advancing microclimate investigations, applications and methods. These gaps include spatiotemporal scaling of microclimate data, mismatches between macroclimate and microclimate in predicting responses of organisms to climate change, and the need for more evidence on the outcomes of microclimate management.
{"title":"Microclimate, an important part of ecology and biogeography","authors":"Julia Kemppinen, Jonas J. Lembrechts, Koenraad Van Meerbeek, Jofre Carnicer, Nathalie Isabelle Chardon, Paul Kardol, Jonathan Lenoir, Daijun Liu, Ilya Maclean, Jan Pergl, Patrick Saccone, Rebecca A. Senior, Ting Shen, Sandra Słowińska, Vigdis Vandvik, Jonathan von Oppen, Juha Aalto, Biruk Ayalew, Olivia Bates, Cleo Bertelsmeier, Romain Bertrand, Rémy Beugnon, Jeremy Borderieux, Josef Brůna, Lauren Buckley, Jelena Bujan, Angelica Casanova-Katny, Ditte Marie Christiansen, Flavien Collart, Emiel De Lombaerde, Karen De Pauw, Leen Depauw, Michele Di Musciano, Raquel Díaz Borrego, Joan Díaz-Calafat, Diego Ellis-Soto, Raquel Esteban, Geerte Fälthammar de Jong, Elise Gallois, Maria Begoña Garcia, Loïc Gillerot, Caroline Greiser, Eva Gril, Stef Haesen, Arndt Hampe, Per-Ola Hedwall, Gabriel Hes, Helena Hespanhol, Raúl Hoffrén, Kristoffer Hylander, Borja Jiménez-Alfaro, Tommaso Jucker, David Klinges, Joonas Kolstela, Martin Kopecký, Bence Kovács, Eduardo Eiji Maeda, František Máliš, Matěj Man, Corrie Mathiak, Eric Meineri, Ilona Naujokaitis-Lewis, Ivan Nijs, Signe Normand, Martin Nuñez, Anna Orczewska, Pablo Peña-Aguilera, Sylvain Pincebourde, Roman Plichta, Susan Quick, David Renault, Lorenzo Ricci, Tuuli Rissanen, Laura Segura-Hernández, Federico Selvi, Josep M. Serra-Diaz, Lydia Soifer, Fabien Spicher, Jens-Christian Svenning, Anouch Tamian, Arno Thomaes, Marijke Thoonen, Brittany Trew, Stijn Van de Vondel, Liesbeth van den Brink, Pieter Vangansbeke, Sanne Verdonck, Michaela Vitkova, Maria Vives-Ingla, Loke von Schmalensee, Runxi Wang, Jan Wild, Joseph Williamson, Florian Zellweger, Xiaqu Zhou, Emmanuel Junior Zuza, Pieter De Frenne","doi":"10.1111/geb.13834","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.13834","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Brief introduction: What are microclimates and why are they important?</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Microclimate science has developed into a global discipline. Microclimate science is increasingly used to understand and mitigate climate and biodiversity shifts. Here, we provide an overview of the current status of microclimate ecology and biogeography in terrestrial ecosystems, and where this field is heading next.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Microclimate investigations in ecology and biogeography</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We highlight the latest research on interactions between microclimates and organisms, including how microclimates influence individuals, and through them populations, communities and entire ecosystems and their processes. We also briefly discuss recent research on how organisms shape microclimates from the tropics to the poles.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Microclimate applications in ecosystem management</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Microclimates are also important in ecosystem management under climate change. We showcase new research in microclimate management with examples from biodiversity conservation, forestry and urban ecology. We discuss the importance of microrefugia in conservation and how to promote microclimate heterogeneity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods for microclimate science</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We showcase the recent advances in data acquisition, such as novel field sensors and remote sensing methods. We discuss microclimate modelling, mapping and data processing, including accessibility of modelling tools, advantages of mechanistic and statistical modelling and solutions for computational challenges that have pushed the state-of-the-art of the field.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> What's next?</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We identify major knowledge gaps that need to be filled for further advancing microclimate investigations, applications and methods. These gaps include spatiotemporal scaling of microclimate data, mismatches between macroclimate and microclimate in predicting responses of organisms to climate change, and the need for more evidence on the outcomes of microclimate management.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.13834","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140539054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Strack, L. Jonkers, M. C. Rillo, K.-H. Baumann, H. Hillebrand, M. Kucera
<div> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>We are using the fossil record of different marine plankton groups to determine how their biodiversity has changed during past climate warming comparable to projected future warming.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>North Atlantic Ocean and adjacent seas. Time series cover a latitudinal range from 75° N to 6° S.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Time period</h3> <p>Past 24,000 years, from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to the current warm period covering the last deglaciation.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Major taxa studied</h3> <p>Planktonic foraminifera, dinoflagellates and coccolithophores.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>We analyse time series of fossil plankton communities using principal component analysis and generalized additive models to estimate the overall trend of temporal compositional change in each plankton group and to identify periods of significant change. We further analyse local biodiversity change by analysing species richness, species gains and losses, and the effective number of species in each sample, and compare alpha diversity to the LGM mean.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>All plankton groups show remarkably similar trends in the rates and spatio-temporal dynamics of local biodiversity change and a pronounced non-linearity with climate change in the current warm period. Assemblages of planktonic foraminifera and dinoflagellates started to change significantly with the onset of global warming around 15,500 to 17,000 years ago and continued to change at the same rate during the current warm period until at least 5000 years ago, while coccolithophore assemblages changed at a constant rate throughout the past 24,000 years, seemingly irrespective of the prevailing temperature change.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Main conclusions</h3> <p>Climate change during the transition from the LGM to the current warm period led to a long-lasting reshuffling of zoo- and phytoplankton assemblages, likely associated with the emergence of new ecological interactions and possibly a shift in the dominant drivers of plankton assemblage change from more abiotic-dominated causes during the last deglaciation to more biotic-dominated causes with the onset of the Holocene.</p>
{"title":"Coherent response of zoo- and phytoplankton assemblages to global warming since the Last Glacial Maximum","authors":"T. Strack, L. Jonkers, M. C. Rillo, K.-H. Baumann, H. Hillebrand, M. Kucera","doi":"10.1111/geb.13841","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.13841","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We are using the fossil record of different marine plankton groups to determine how their biodiversity has changed during past climate warming comparable to projected future warming.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>North Atlantic Ocean and adjacent seas. Time series cover a latitudinal range from 75° N to 6° S.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Past 24,000 years, from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to the current warm period covering the last deglaciation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major taxa studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Planktonic foraminifera, dinoflagellates and coccolithophores.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analyse time series of fossil plankton communities using principal component analysis and generalized additive models to estimate the overall trend of temporal compositional change in each plankton group and to identify periods of significant change. We further analyse local biodiversity change by analysing species richness, species gains and losses, and the effective number of species in each sample, and compare alpha diversity to the LGM mean.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All plankton groups show remarkably similar trends in the rates and spatio-temporal dynamics of local biodiversity change and a pronounced non-linearity with climate change in the current warm period. Assemblages of planktonic foraminifera and dinoflagellates started to change significantly with the onset of global warming around 15,500 to 17,000 years ago and continued to change at the same rate during the current warm period until at least 5000 years ago, while coccolithophore assemblages changed at a constant rate throughout the past 24,000 years, seemingly irrespective of the prevailing temperature change.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Climate change during the transition from the LGM to the current warm period led to a long-lasting reshuffling of zoo- and phytoplankton assemblages, likely associated with the emergence of new ecological interactions and possibly a shift in the dominant drivers of plankton assemblage change from more abiotic-dominated causes during the last deglaciation to more biotic-dominated causes with the onset of the Holocene.</p>\u0000","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.13841","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140527503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<div> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>Darwin posited that invaders similar to native species are less likely to be successful due to competitive exclusion. A key axis across which such competition occurs across angiosperms is the timing of flowering, or reproductive phenology. It has been hypothesized that temporal isolation facilitates the establishment of introduced species. However, our knowledge of how the timing of flowering may influence invasion success is lacking at broader geographic and larger taxonomic scales. To address this impasse, we investigated: (i) how flowering phenology differs between native and non-native species; (ii) whether the flowering phenology of successful invaders is distinct from native taxa; and (iii) whether invasive species tend to be more closely related to natives than other less successful, non-invasive introduced species are.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>California, USA.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Time Period</h3> <p>Present.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3> <p>Angiosperms.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>We compiled phenological data for over 6000 angiosperm species across California, a highly invaded biodiversity hotspot, from published flora. Using these data, we assessed the degree of phenological and phylogenetic similarity among native, non-invasive introduced, and invasive species. We also examined how this similarity varies with climate.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Both non-invasive introduced and invasive species were more phenologically and phylogenetically distant from natives than natives were from each other. However, invasive plants tend to be more similar to native species in terms of flowering phenology and phylogenetic relationships than non-invasive introduced species. Further, the degree of similarity between native and non-native species was mediated by climate, where phenological and phylogenetic similarities were greater in cooler regions.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Main Conclusions</h3> <p>Together, our results demonstrate that both similarity and distinctiveness can facilitate plant invasions and that invaders just similar enough to the native flora are more likely to be successful.</p> </section>
{"title":"Phenological similarity and distinctiveness facilitate plant invasions","authors":"Daniel S. Park, Kimberly M. Huynh, Xiao Feng","doi":"10.1111/geb.13839","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.13839","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Darwin posited that invaders similar to native species are less likely to be successful due to competitive exclusion. A key axis across which such competition occurs across angiosperms is the timing of flowering, or reproductive phenology. It has been hypothesized that temporal isolation facilitates the establishment of introduced species. However, our knowledge of how the timing of flowering may influence invasion success is lacking at broader geographic and larger taxonomic scales. To address this impasse, we investigated: (i) how flowering phenology differs between native and non-native species; (ii) whether the flowering phenology of successful invaders is distinct from native taxa; and (iii) whether invasive species tend to be more closely related to natives than other less successful, non-invasive introduced species are.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>California, USA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Present.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Angiosperms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We compiled phenological data for over 6000 angiosperm species across California, a highly invaded biodiversity hotspot, from published flora. Using these data, we assessed the degree of phenological and phylogenetic similarity among native, non-invasive introduced, and invasive species. We also examined how this similarity varies with climate.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Both non-invasive introduced and invasive species were more phenologically and phylogenetically distant from natives than natives were from each other. However, invasive plants tend to be more similar to native species in terms of flowering phenology and phylogenetic relationships than non-invasive introduced species. Further, the degree of similarity between native and non-native species was mediated by climate, where phenological and phylogenetic similarities were greater in cooler regions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Together, our results demonstrate that both similarity and distinctiveness can facilitate plant invasions and that invaders just similar enough to the native flora are more likely to be successful.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.13839","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140352049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eli R. Bendall, Luke C. Collins, Kirsty V. Milner, Michael Bedward, Matthias M. Boer, Brendan Choat, Rachael V. Gallagher, Belinda E. Medlyn, Rachael H. Nolan
<div> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>Increased tree mortality linked to droughts and fires is occurring across temperate regions globally. Vegetation recovery has been widely reported; however, less is known about how disturbance may alter forests structurally and functionally across environmental gradients. We examined whether dry forests growing on low-fertility soils were more resilient to coupled extreme drought and severe fire owing to lower tree mortality rates, higher resprouting success and persistence of juveniles relative to wetter forests on more fertile soils.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>Fire-tolerant eucalypt forests of temperate southeastern Australia.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Time period</h3> <p>2020–2023.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Major taxa studied</h3> <p><i>Eucalyptus</i>, <i>Corymbia</i>, <i>Angophora</i>.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>Demographic surveys of tree mortality and regeneration in all combinations of dry/wet forest, fertile/less fertile substrates exposed to extreme drought and fire were conducted. We used Bayesian regression modelling to compare tree mortality, diameter, response traits, population structure and occurrence of fire scars between substrates/forest types.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Overall mortality (20%–33%) and topkill (34%–41%) were within historically reported ranges for various forests and soil types. However, we observed an atypical trend of increased mortality and topkill in the largest trees, particularly when they had structural damage from past fires. Trees in wet forests on more fertile soils had the highest levels of mortality. Numbers of persistent resprouting juveniles were highest in dry forests on low-fertility soils. Dry forests growing on low-fertility soils appear more resilient to compound disturbances due to lower rates of mortality and higher rates of juvenile persistence. Wet forests on more fertile soils may experience greater demographic change due to higher mortality of small and large trees.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Main conclusions</h3> <p>Mesic forests on relatively fertile soils were found to be at relatively high risk of demographic change from compound disturbances. Combined, fire and drought are likely to r
{"title":"Demographic change and loss of big trees in resprouting eucalypt forests exposed to megadisturbance","authors":"Eli R. Bendall, Luke C. Collins, Kirsty V. Milner, Michael Bedward, Matthias M. Boer, Brendan Choat, Rachael V. Gallagher, Belinda E. Medlyn, Rachael H. Nolan","doi":"10.1111/geb.13842","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.13842","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Increased tree mortality linked to droughts and fires is occurring across temperate regions globally. Vegetation recovery has been widely reported; however, less is known about how disturbance may alter forests structurally and functionally across environmental gradients. We examined whether dry forests growing on low-fertility soils were more resilient to coupled extreme drought and severe fire owing to lower tree mortality rates, higher resprouting success and persistence of juveniles relative to wetter forests on more fertile soils.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fire-tolerant eucalypt forests of temperate southeastern Australia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>2020–2023.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major taxa studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Eucalyptus</i>, <i>Corymbia</i>, <i>Angophora</i>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Demographic surveys of tree mortality and regeneration in all combinations of dry/wet forest, fertile/less fertile substrates exposed to extreme drought and fire were conducted. We used Bayesian regression modelling to compare tree mortality, diameter, response traits, population structure and occurrence of fire scars between substrates/forest types.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall mortality (20%–33%) and topkill (34%–41%) were within historically reported ranges for various forests and soil types. However, we observed an atypical trend of increased mortality and topkill in the largest trees, particularly when they had structural damage from past fires. Trees in wet forests on more fertile soils had the highest levels of mortality. Numbers of persistent resprouting juveniles were highest in dry forests on low-fertility soils. Dry forests growing on low-fertility soils appear more resilient to compound disturbances due to lower rates of mortality and higher rates of juvenile persistence. Wet forests on more fertile soils may experience greater demographic change due to higher mortality of small and large trees.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mesic forests on relatively fertile soils were found to be at relatively high risk of demographic change from compound disturbances. Combined, fire and drought are likely to r","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"33 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.13842","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140352110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guillaume Delhaye, Sietse van der Linde, David Bauman, C. David L. Orme, Laura M. Suz, Martin I. Bidartondo
Aim
Ecoregions and the distance decay in community similarity are fundamental concepts in biogeography and conservation biology that are well supported across plants and animals, but not fungi. Here we test the relevance of these concepts for ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi in temperate and boreal regions.
Location
Europe.
Time Period
2008–2015.
Major Taxa Studied
Ectomycorrhizal fungi.
Methods
We used a large dataset of ~24,000 ectomycorrhizas, assigned to 1350 operational taxonomic units, collected from 129 forest plots via a standardized protocol. We investigated the relevance of ecoregion delimitations for ECM fungi through complementary methodological approaches based on distance decay models, multivariate analyses and indicator species analyses. We then evaluated the effects of host tree and climate on the observed biogeographical distributions.
Results
Ecoregions predict large-scale ECM fungal biodiversity patterns. This is partly explained by climate differences between ecoregions but independent from host tree distribution. Basidiomycetes in the orders Russulales and Atheliales and producing epigeous fruiting bodies, with potentially short-distance dispersal, show the best agreement with ecoregion boundaries. Host tree distribution and fungal abundance (as opposed to presence/absence only) are important to uncover biogeographical patterns in mycorrhizas.
Main Conclusions
Ecoregions are useful units to investigate eco-evolutionary processes in mycorrhizal fungal communities and for conservation decision-making that includes fungi.
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