Global Ecology and Biogeography最新文献_第3页

Accelerated Speciation in Temperate Cannabaceae: The Role of Pre-Adaptation, Ecological Opportunities and Niche Divergence 温带大麻科加速物种形成：预适应、生态机会和生态位分化的作用

IF 6 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Global Ecology and Biogeography

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1111/geb.70183

Yunxia Li, Qin Tian, Xiaogang Fu, Fabien L. Condamine, Tingshuang Yi, Renske E. Onstein

Aim

The macroevolutionary processes underlying biome transitions and the geographical distribution of species diversity and ecological traits remain poorly understood in most clades. Here, we study tropical-to-temperate transitions in Cannabaceae (the hemp family) and hypothesize that pre-adaptation (i.e., deciduous leaves) and ecological opportunities in temperate habitats have led to niche divergence and increased speciation rates.

Location

Global.

Time Period

Late Cretaceous–Cenozoic.

Major Taxa Studied

Cannabaceae.

Methods

We combined a well-resolved, dated phylogenetic tree of Cannabaceae (including about 70% of species diversity) with leaf duration type (deciduous/semi-deciduous/evergreen), occurrence and environmental data. We employed phylogenetic comparative methods to test for correlated evolution between deciduousness and tropical-to-temperate transitions, and to infer speciation and niche evolution rates in tropical, temperate and widespread lineages.

Results

Our results support a model of correlated evolution, illustrating that deciduous lineages exhibited a higher rate of transition from tropical to temperate regions than evergreen lineages. Furthermore, temperate lineages, particularly combined with a hidden state, experienced higher speciation rates than tropical lineages. Finally, we detected higher rates of niche divergence in temperate than in tropical lineages, especially along climatic axes related to temperature range and seasonal precipitation.

Main Conclusions

Our results suggest that deciduousness acted as a pre-adaptive trait that facilitated transitions from tropical to temperate environments in Cannabaceae. The expansion of the temperate biome since the Oligocene may have provided ecological opportunities for deciduous taxa, driving speciation via niche divergence along temperature or seasonal precipitation niche axes. Our study highlights multidimensional niche evolution as a key mechanism in shaping the evolutionary dynamics of temperate lineages.

目的对大多数支系生物群系转变的宏观进化过程以及物种多样性和生态特征的地理分布仍知之甚少。在这里，我们研究了大麻科（大麻家族）的热带到温带的转变，并假设温带栖息地的预适应（即落叶）和生态机会导致了生态位分化和物种形成率的增加。全球位置。晚白垩纪-新生代。大麻科主要分类群研究。方法将大麻科植物（包括约70%的物种多样性）的系统发育树与叶期类型（落叶/半落叶/常绿）、发生和环境数据相结合。我们采用系统发育比较方法来检验落叶性与热带向温带转变之间的相关进化，并推断热带、温带和广泛谱系的物种形成和生态位进化率。结果我们的研究结果支持一个相关进化模型，说明落叶系比常绿系表现出更高的从热带向温带过渡的速率。此外，温带谱系，特别是与隐藏状态相结合，经历了比热带谱系更高的物种形成率。最后，我们发现温带谱系的生态位分化率高于热带谱系，特别是在与温度范围和季节性降水相关的气候轴上。我们的研究结果表明，落叶性是大麻科植物从热带环境向温带环境过渡的一种预适应性状。渐新世以来温带生物群系的扩张可能为落叶类群提供了生态机会，通过沿温度或季节降水生态位轴的生态位分化推动物种形成。我们的研究强调多维生态位进化是塑造温带谱系进化动力学的关键机制。

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引用次数: 0

Correction to "No Evidence for the ‘Rate-of-Living’ Theory Across the Tetrapod Tree of Life" 更正“没有证据证明四足动物的“存活率”理论”

IF 6 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Global Ecology and Biogeography

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1111/geb.70188

<p>Stark, G., Pincheira-Donoso, D., & Meiri, S. (2020). No Evidence for the ‘Rate-of-Living’ Theory Across the Tetrapod Tree of Life. <i>Global Ecology and Biogeography</i>, 29(5), 857–884.</p><p>After we changed all the mass data, and the two longevity data points, we re-ran all analyses using the new dataset. We found similar results and patterns to the original results in our paper (see corrected tables and figure below). Indeed, if anything, patterns and results are somewhat stronger now than in our published, problematic analyses (the new analyses have steeper slopes for body size, and higher model <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> values).</p><p>We sincerely apologize for these errors.</p><p> <b>Corrected amphibian longevity results</b> </p><p>For the original, published results without the newly corrected data, see the appendix below.</p><p>Corrected Results: the results we now obtain using the corrected body mass values</p><p>Below are the corrected results for the published paper: Stark, G., Pincheira-Donoso, D., and Meiri, S. (2020). No evidence for the ‘rate-of-living’ theory across the tetrapod tree of life. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 29(5), 857–884. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.13069</p><p>Corrected Table 1. PGLS model for the relationship between metabolic rates and longevity among and within tetrapod classes. </p><p>Corrected Table 2. Full PGLS model for all the Tetrapoda classes together. </p><p>Corrected Table Full PGLS model for Amphibia class only. </p><p>Corrected Figure 1: The relationship between longevity (<i>y</i>-axis, in years, log<sub>10</sub> transformed) and maximum body mass (in g, log<sub>10</sub> transformed) of amphibians (a). The relationship between longevity (<i>y</i>-axis, log<sub>10</sub> transformed) and mean annual temperature (e) of amphibians. The relationship between longevity (<i>y</i>-axis, log<sub>10</sub> transformed) and basal metabolic rate (i, in ml O2-hr, log<sub>10</sub> transformed) of amphibians (red circles), reptiles (black circles), birds (green triangles), and mammals (inverted blue triangles). This figure is part of the relationships examined between these variables among all tetrapods in Figure 1 in the original article. See the original figure (depicted as ‘original figure 1’) below.</p><p>Appendix: Published tables and the figure that needed corrections</p><p><b>Below is the original version, as published. The corrections for these tables and the figure appear above</b>.</p><p> <b>Appendix</b> </p><p>The original results for the published paper: Stark, G., Pincheira-Donoso, D., and Meiri, S. (2020). No Evidence for the ‘Rate-of-Living’ Theory Across the Tetrapod Tree of Life. <i>Global Ecology and Biogeography</i>, 29(5), 857–884. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.13069</p><p>Original Table 1. PGLS model for the relationship between metabolic rates and longevity among and within tetrapod classes. </p>

Stark， G., Pincheira-Donoso， D., & Meiri， S.（2020）。没有证据证明四足动物的“生存率”理论。全球生态与生物地理，29(5),857-884。在我们改变了所有的大量数据和两个寿命数据点之后，我们使用新的数据集重新运行了所有的分析。我们在论文中发现了与原始结果相似的结果和模式（见更正后的表格和下图）。事实上，如果说有什么不同的话，那就是现在的模式和结果比我们发表的有问题的分析（新分析的体型斜率更陡，模型R2值更高）更强。我们真诚地为这些错误道歉。校正后的两栖动物寿命结果对于没有新校正数据的原始、已发表的结果，请参见下面的附录。以下是已发表论文的修正结果：Stark， G., Pincheira-Donoso， D., and Meiri， S.（2020）。没有证据表明“生存速率”理论适用于四足动物。全球生态与生物地理，29(5),857-884。https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.13069Corrected表1。四足动物之间和内部代谢率与寿命关系的PGLS模型。更正表2所有四足类的完整PGLS模型。修正表全PGLS模型两栖类只。修正后的图1：两栖动物(a)的寿命（y轴，以年为单位，log10转换）与最大体重（g轴，log10转换）之间的关系。两栖动物寿命（y轴，log10变换）与年平均气温(e)的关系。两栖动物（红色圆圈）、爬行动物（黑色圆圈）、鸟类（绿色三角形）和哺乳动物（蓝色倒三角）的寿命（y轴，log10变换）与基础代谢率（i，单位为ml O2-hr， log10变换）之间的关系。这个图是原始文章中图1中所有四足动物中这些变量之间关系的一部分。请看下面的原始图（描述为“原始图1”）。附录：已发布的表格和需要更正的图表。以下是已发布的原始版本。这些表格和图表的更正见上文。已发表论文的原始结果：Stark， G., Pincheira-Donoso， D., and Meiri， S.（2020）。没有证据证明四足动物的“生存率”理论。全球生态与生物地理，29(5),857-884。https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.13069Original表1。四足动物之间和内部代谢率与寿命关系的PGLS模型。原表2。所有四足动物类的完整PGLS模型（来自论文文本）组织在表格中：原始图1。两栖动物（红色圆圈）、爬行动物（黑色圆圈）、鸟类（绿色三角形）和哺乳动物（倒转蓝色三角形）的寿命（所有面板的y轴，log10转换）和体重（g， log10转换）之间的关系。（e-h）年平均温度（回归线仅显示两栖动物和爬行动物的关系显著），(i)基础代谢率（单位为ml O2/h，转换为log10），根据顶部图中所示的颜色代码，(j)现场代谢率（千焦/天，转换为log10）。红色方块中突出显示的数字是指仅使用更正后的数据集重新检查两栖动物的关系，如上图所示。

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引用次数: 0

Consequences of the Megafauna Extinction: Changes in Food Web Networks on the Edwards Plateau Across the Pleistocene–Holocene Transition 巨型动物灭绝的后果：更新世-全新世过渡期间爱德华兹高原食物网的变化

IF 6 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Global Ecology and Biogeography

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1111/geb.70113

Quentin A. Smith, Catalina P. Tomé, William Gearty, Felisa A. Smith, Daizaburo Shizuka, S. Kathleen Lyons

Aims

Today, we are experiencing rapid biodiversity loss due to climate change and human impacts. Such biodiversity loss is not only harmful to the environment but can also alter the composition of communities and the interactions of their members. The late Pleistocene experienced a drastic loss of large-bodied mammals which resulted in significant changes in community structure due to changes in body size, diet, and species associations. However, the effect of climate change on species interactions and community structure across the Pleistocene–Holocene transition remains poorly understood.

Location

Edwards Plateau, Texas.

Time Period

Late Pleistocene–Holocene.

Major Taxa Studied

Terrestrial Mammals.

Methods

Using a robust data set on mammal species composition, stable isotopes, and body size, we constructed ecological networks for 16 time intervals across the last 22,000 years on the Edwards Plateau, Texas. We compared the structure and shifts in the food web over time using modularity and an index of node overlap and segregation.

Results

We found that node overlap and connectance increased while modularity decreased over time. Spearman-Rank correlation analyses indicate that changes in all network metrics were not driven by changes in species richness across time, nor were they driven by climate change. The degree of node overlap and connectance also shifted dramatically across the Pleistocene–Holocene transition and was significantly different from null model expectations in the Holocene but not in the Pleistocene.

Main Conclusions

These results suggest that the transition from a diverse and compartmentalised network to a network of less complexity with an overlap of interacting species may have been driven by other factors that altered the food web. This implies that the change in mammal food web structure of the Edwards Plateau was mainly a consequence of the megafauna extinctions and not coupled with climate change.

今天，由于气候变化和人类影响，我们正在经历生物多样性的迅速丧失。这种生物多样性的丧失不仅对环境有害，而且可以改变社区的组成及其成员之间的相互作用。晚更新世经历了大型哺乳动物的急剧消失，由于体型、饮食和物种关联的变化，导致群落结构发生了重大变化。然而，在更新世-全新世过渡时期，气候变化对物种相互作用和群落结构的影响仍然知之甚少。地点：德克萨斯州爱德华兹高原。晚更新世-全新世。研究陆生哺乳动物的主要分类群。方法利用有关哺乳动物物种组成、稳定同位素和体型的可靠数据集，构建了德克萨斯州爱德华兹高原过去22000年16个时间间隔的生态网络。我们使用模块化和节点重叠和分离指数来比较食物网的结构和变化。结果我们发现，随着时间的推移，节点重叠和连接增加，而模块化减少。Spearman‐Rank相关分析表明，所有网络指标的变化不是由物种丰富度随时间的变化驱动的，也不是由气候变化驱动的。节点重叠和连接程度在更新世-全新世过渡期间也发生了显著变化，与全新世的零模式预期存在显著差异，而在更新世则没有。这些结果表明，从一个多样化和分隔的网络到一个相互作用的物种重叠的复杂性较低的网络的转变可能是由改变食物网的其他因素驱动的。这表明爱德华兹高原哺乳动物食物网结构的变化主要是巨型动物灭绝的结果，与气候变化无关。

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引用次数: 0

Are Ecotonal Systems More Sensitive to Climate Change? Past Ecotonal Dynamics and Rates of Vegetation Change in Michigan 生态系统对气候变化更敏感吗？密歇根州过去的生态动态和植被变化速率

IF 6 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Global Ecology and Biogeography

Pub Date : 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1111/geb.70172

Sam Wiles, Nora Schlenker, David M. Nelson, Bryan Shuman, John W. Williams

<div> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>Ecotones are expected to be sensitive to climate change, but supporting evidence is scarce. Here we test the ecotonal sensitivity hypothesis by reconstructing past movements of a major temperature-governed forest ecotone (the Tension Zone, separating temperate deciduous forests and northern mixed hardwood-conifer forests) and comparing the variability of ecotone-proximal and distal vegetation.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>Michigan, United States.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Time Period</h3> <p>Holocene.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3> <p>Temperate tree taxa in north-central U.S.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>We apply non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and empirical Bayesian Kriging (EBK) to a new pollen record from Sunrise Lake, MI located in the Tension Zone and 19 extant fossil pollen datasets from the Neotoma Paleoecology Database to track movements of the Tension Zone during the Holocene and use the <i>R-Ratepol</i> package to measure compositional variability.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>NMDS Axis 2 clusters southern hardwoods from northern mixed forest, and so can be used to indicate Tension Zone position, while Axis 4 captures shifts in mesic versus xeric taxa, Axis 1 captures the early Holocene decline of <i>Picea</i> woodlands and Axis 3 captures the rise of <i>Ambrosia</i>-dominated assemblages after Euro-American settlement. At Sunrise Lake, which is within the Tension Zone, major changes include expansions of <i>Tsuga canadensis</i> populations at 6.7 ka and <i>Fagus grandifolia</i> at 6.3 ka BP. The Tension Zone shifted northwards by approximately 150 km from 11 and 6 ka during a 3.5°C<sub>TJuly</sub> warming, then retreated southwards, reaching its current position by 2 ka. Sites close to the Tension Zone ecotone show more compositional variability than distal sites, suggesting that ecotonal populations in Michigan were more sensitive to Holocene climate variability. This relationship varied over time and strengthened after 6 ka.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Main Conclusions</h3> <p>These findings support the ecotonal sensitivity hypothesis, constrain estimates of climate-driven forest ecotonal movement, and reinforce

目的：预计过渡带对气候变化很敏感，但支持的证据很少。在这里，我们通过重建一个主要的温度控制的森林过渡带（张力带，分隔温带落叶林和北方阔叶林-针叶林）的过去运动，并比较过渡带近端和远端植被的变异性，来测试生态敏感性假设。地点：美国密歇根州。全新世。方法采用非度量的多尺度（NMDS）和经验贝叶斯克里格（EBK）方法对位于张力带的MI Sunrise Lake的新花粉记录和来自Neotoma古生态数据库的19个现存化石花粉数据集进行了全新世张力带的运动跟踪，并使用R - Ratepol软件包测量了成分的变化。结果NMDS轴2聚集了来自北方混交林的南方硬木，因此可以用来指示紧张带的位置，轴4捕获了中散型与干生型类群的变化，轴1捕获了全新世早期云杉林地的减少，轴3捕获了欧美定居后Ambrosia占优势的类群的增加。在张力区内的Sunrise Lake，主要变化包括在6.7 ka ka时加拿大Tsuga种群的扩张和在6.3 ka BP时Fagus grandfolia种群的扩张。在7月3.5°C的增温过程中，从11 ka到6 ka，张力带向北移动了约150 km，然后向南撤退，在2 ka时到达目前的位置。靠近张力带交错带的地点比远端的地点表现出更大的组成变异性，表明密歇根交错带种群对全新世气候变率更为敏感。这种关系随着时间的推移而变化，并在6 ka后加强。这些发现支持了生态敏感性假说，约束了气候驱动森林生态运动的估计，并加强了对生态系统对人为全球变暖敏感性的关注。

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引用次数: 0

Acoustic Monitoring Enables Multi-Taxa Conservation Assessment and Prioritisation Over Large Scales and for Rare and Cryptic Species 声学监测可以在大尺度上对稀有和隐种进行多分类群保护评估和优先排序

IF 6 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Global Ecology and Biogeography

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1111/geb.70175

Adham Ashton-Butt, Stuart E. Newson, Jeffrey W. Doser, Simon Gillings, Tatiana Kornienko, Viktar Fenchuk, James W. Pearce-Higgins, Chris Scott, Philip W. Atkinson

Aim

To combat the global biodiversity crisis, robust and scalable data are needed to target, monitor and evaluate conservation efforts, particularly in data-poor regions and for cryptic taxa. Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) has the potential to provide solutions, but real-world examples are still rare. We demonstrate how PAM data can be used to rapidly and effectively map distributions of multiple taxa over large scales, in data-poor regions. We show how these data can be used to assess the importance of existing protected areas and prioritise future conservation efforts, including for rare and cryptic species often neglected in such assessments.

Location

Global with a case study from Polesia, Eastern Europe.

Time Period

Present.

Major Taxa Studied

Bats, Birds, Small mammals and Bush crickets.

Methods

Using machine-learning and manual verification, we identified bats, nocturnally active birds, small mammals and bush crickets from over 34,000 monitoring hours at 506 sites in the Polesia region of Belarus and Ukraine. Using multi-species generalised mixed models in a Bayesian framework, we then predicted occupancy and acoustic activity for these species and their associations with protected areas, over a 151,000 km² project area. We identified areas of high conservation priority as measured by species richness and/or importance for globally or regionally threatened species.

Main Conclusions

Our approach provides a roadmap for collecting and processing large-scale, multi-taxa biodiversity data using passive acoustic monitoring. In our case study region, we show that although existing protected areas contain a relatively large proportion of high conservation priority areas, there are significant gaps in the protected area network. We also show low surrogacy of areas of high conservation priority between taxa at fine scales, but did at larger scales, showing the importance of multi-taxa monitoring to prioritise protected areas that conserve a wide variety of species.

为了应对全球生物多样性危机，需要可靠且可扩展的数据来定位、监测和评估保护工作，特别是在数据匮乏的地区和隐秘的分类群。被动声监测（PAM）有可能提供解决方案，但现实世界中的例子仍然很少。我们展示了如何使用PAM数据在数据贫乏的地区快速有效地绘制大尺度上多个分类群的分布。我们展示了如何使用这些数据来评估现有保护区的重要性，并优先考虑未来的保护工作，包括在此类评估中经常被忽视的稀有和神秘物种。定位全球与一个案例研究从波利西亚，东欧。时间：现在。主要分类群研究蝙蝠，鸟类，小型哺乳动物和灌木蟋蟀。方法利用机器学习和人工验证，在白俄罗斯和乌克兰波利西亚地区的506个地点进行了超过34,000小时的监测，鉴定出蝙蝠、夜间活动的鸟类、小型哺乳动物和灌木蟋蟀。利用贝叶斯框架中的多物种广义混合模型，我们预测了这些物种的占用率和声学活动，以及它们与保护区的关系，覆盖了151,000平方公里的项目区域。我们通过物种丰富度和/或全球或区域受威胁物种的重要性来确定高度保护优先区域。我们的方法为利用被动声监测收集和处理大规模、多分类群的生物多样性数据提供了路线图。在我们的案例研究区域中，我们发现尽管现有保护区包含相对较大比例的高保护优先区域，但保护区网络中存在显着的空白。我们还发现，在精细尺度上，高保护优先区在分类群之间的替代率很低，但在更大的尺度上确实如此，这表明多分类群监测对于优先保护多种物种的保护区的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Correction to "Urbanisation Is Related to the Prevalence of Threatened Species on Islands Across the Globe" 更正“城市化与全球岛屿上受威胁物种的流行有关”

IF 6 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Global Ecology and Biogeography

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1111/geb.70187

Cardoso, M. R., A. M. Bastidas-Urrutia, K. Frac, et al. 2025. “Urbanisation Is Related to the Prevalence of Threatened Species on Islands Across the Globe.” Global Ecology and Biogeography 34, no. 12: e70125. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70125.

In the originally published article, two references were incorrect. The correct references are shown below. The online version of the article has been corrected.

We apologize for these errors.

Incorrect

Sayol, F., P. A. Downing, A. Antonelli, and J. A. Tobias. 2020. “Anthropogenic Extinctions Conceal Widespread Evolution of Flightlessness in Birds.” Science Advances 6, no. 49: eabb6095. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb6095.

Sayol, F., P. A. Downing, A. Antonelli, and J. A. Tobias. 2021. “Loss of Functional Diversity Through Anthropogenic Extinctions of Island Birds Is Not Offset by Biotic Invasions.” Science Advances 7, no. 42: eabj5790. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abj5790.

Correct

Sayol, F., M. J. Steinbauer, T. M. Blackburn, A. Antonelli, and S. Faurby. 2020. “Anthropogenic Extinctions Conceal Widespread Evolution of Flightlessness in Birds.” Science Advances 6, no. 49: eabb6095. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb6095.

Sayol, F., R. S. C. Cooke, A. L. Pigot, et al. 2021. “Loss of Functional Diversity Through Anthropogenic Extinctions of Island Birds Is Not Offset by Biotic Invasions.” Science Advances 7, no. 42: eabj5790. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abj5790.

卡多索，M. R.， A. M. Bastidas-Urrutia， K. Frac等。2025。“城市化与全球岛屿上濒危物种的流行有关。”全球生态与生物地理，第34期。12: e70125。https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70125.In最初发表的文章，两个参考文献是错误的。正确的引用如下所示。文章的在线版本已被更正。我们为这些错误道歉。P. A.唐宁，A.安东内利和J. A.托比亚斯。2020。“人为灭绝掩盖了鸟类不会飞的广泛进化。”《科学进展》第6期。49: eabb6095。https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb6095.Sayol， F.， P. A. Downing， A. Antonelli，和J. A. Tobias. 2021。“岛屿鸟类因人为灭绝而丧失的功能多样性并不能被生物入侵所抵消。”《科学进展》第7期42: eabj5790。https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abj5790.CorrectSayol， F， M. J.斯坦鲍尔，T. M.布莱克本，A.安东内利和S.福尔比。2020。“人为灭绝掩盖了鸟类不会飞的广泛进化。”《科学进展》第6期。49: eabb6095。https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb6095.Sayol， F， R. S. C. Cooke， A. L. Pigot等。2021。“岛屿鸟类因人为灭绝而丧失的功能多样性并不能被生物入侵所抵消。”《科学进展》第7期42: eabj5790。https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abj5790。

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引用次数: 0

Echoes of the Past: Long-Term Climate Stability Shapes Functional and Phylogenetic Diversity in Euro-Mediterranean Forests 过去的回声：长期气候稳定性对欧洲-地中海森林功能和系统发育多样性的影响

IF 6 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Global Ecology and Biogeography

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1111/geb.70177

Camille Magneville, Manuel Cartereau, Juan Antonio Hernández-Agüero, Elysa Silva, Emma-Liina Marjakangas, Eva Moracho Martinez, Geordie Biffoni, Gabriele Casazza, Vassiliki I. Kati, Ioannis P. Kokkoris, Yoann Le Bagousse-Pinguet, Frédéric Médail, Alexandre Millon, Gabriel Nève, Federico Riva, Santiago Soliveres, Konstantina Zografou, Kent Olsen, Jens-Christian Svenning, Leriche Agathe, Alejandro Ordonez

<div> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>Understanding the relative influence of past and present environmental and anthropogenic drivers on biodiversity is crucial for predicting future biodiversity trends. We assessed how past climate stability, present climate, habitat characteristics, disturbances (fire and herbivory), and past and present land use shape current functional and phylogenetic diversity across multiple taxa.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>Euro-Mediterranean forests.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Time Period</h3> <p>From Last Glacial Maximum to Present Day.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3> <p>Trees, birds, butterflies, reptiles, and mammals.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>We quantified standardised functional and phylogenetic diversity across three dimensions: richness, dispersion, and originality for five taxonomic groups. Focusing on 54 individual drivers, we applied random forests to evaluate the importance of broad categories of drivers and understand how individual drivers impact each diversity dimension.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Past temperature stability since the Last Glacial Maximum emerged as a dominant driver of functional and phylogenetic diversity across taxa. Stability was associated with higher functional and phylogenetic richness and dispersion, whereas unstable past climates were linked to lower diversity. Herbivory also played a significant role, though it was less influential than the past climate, particularly for trees and reptiles, whereas the present climate influenced birds' functional diversity. Fire intensity and surface, and land use in the present and past had limited importance, likely because of the study grain resolution.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Main Conclusions</h3> <p>Our findings underscore that long-term climate conditions continue to influence biodiversity patterns across various taxa. This highlights the importance of considering both past legacies and present conditions when assessing biodiversity responses to future climate change. Lastly, we revealed dimension and taxon-specific responses to drivers, reinforcing the need for integrative biodiversity frameworks that incorporate multiple facets and dimensions of biodiversity across different taxa to get a more nuanced understanding of how biodiversity is structured and maintained.</p> </section> </d

目的了解过去和现在的环境和人为驱动因素对生物多样性的相对影响对预测未来生物多样性趋势至关重要。我们评估了过去的气候稳定性、现在的气候、栖息地特征、干扰（火和草食）以及过去和现在的土地利用如何影响多个分类群当前的功能和系统发育多样性。位置：欧洲-地中海森林。从末次冰期极大期到现在的时期。主要分类群研究树木、鸟类、蝴蝶、爬行动物和哺乳动物。方法通过丰富度、分散度和原创性三个维度对5个分类类群的标准化功能和系统发育多样性进行量化。我们以54个单独的驱动因素为研究对象，应用随机森林来评估驱动因素大类的重要性，并了解单个驱动因素如何影响每个多样性维度。结果末次盛冰期以来的温度稳定性是各分类群功能和系统发育多样性的主要驱动因素。稳定性与较高的功能和系统发育丰富度和分散度有关，而不稳定的过去气候与较低的多样性有关。草食性也发挥了重要作用，尽管它的影响不如过去的气候，特别是对树木和爬行动物，而现在的气候影响鸟类的功能多样性。火灾强度和地表以及现在和过去的土地利用的重要性有限，可能是因为研究的颗粒分辨率。我们的研究结果强调，长期气候条件持续影响着不同分类群的生物多样性模式。这突出了在评估生物多样性对未来气候变化的反应时，同时考虑过去的遗产和当前条件的重要性。最后，我们揭示了维度和分类单元对驱动因素的响应，强调了整合不同分类单元生物多样性的多个方面和维度的综合生物多样性框架的必要性，以更细致地了解生物多样性是如何构建和维持的。

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引用次数: 0

Human Impact on Microinvertebrate Diversity and Distributions: Questioning the Resilience of Tardigrades 人类对微型无脊椎动物多样性和分布的影响：对缓步动物恢复力的质疑

IF 6 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Global Ecology and Biogeography

Pub Date : 2025-12-14 DOI: 10.1111/geb.70167

Bartłomiej Surmacz, Krystian Budzik, Yelyzaveta Matsko, Daniel Stec

Aim

Tardigrades, commonly known as some of the toughest organisms on Earth, like many other microscopic invertebrates, are often overlooked in biodiversity monitoring. Our study aimed to elucidate the impact of environmental disturbance caused by anthropogenic activity on tardigrade diversity and distributions.

Location

Poland, global occurrence data.

Time Period

2023.

Major Taxa Studied

Tardigrada.

Methods

We conducted a high-throughput DNA metabarcoding survey of tardigrade communities in tree stands differing in the level of human impact. We investigated the patterns of alpha and beta diversity using spatially explicit models and generalised dissimilarity modelling. Finally, we collected the worldwide occurrence data of the taxa found in our experimental study to test the relationship between species range sizes and their affinity to anthropogenic habitats.

Results

We have found that altered habitats support lower alpha diversity of tardigrades compared to natural habitats. Human impact was also found to be a major factor shaping tardigrade beta diversity across the study area. The tardigrade communities within anthropogenic landscapes do not comprise a constant, homogeneous set of human-associated taxa. Instead, anthropogenic environments are more likely to support divergent communities, often including broadly distributed taxa, indicating a link between the taxa's range size and their affinity to anthropogenic habitats.

Main Conclusions

Anthropogenic land use changes the distribution patterns of microinvertebrates, highlighting their use in bioindication. In human-dominated landscapes, tardigrade alpha diversity is low, and these communities include large-ranged taxa, likely resulting from human-mediated dispersal. Our results explicitly demonstrate that presumably resilient microinvertebrates are affected by human activity, and open new questions about tardigrade ecology and evolution in a changing world.

缓步动物，通常被认为是地球上最顽强的生物，像许多其他微观无脊椎动物一样，在生物多样性监测中经常被忽视。本研究旨在阐明人为活动引起的环境干扰对缓步动物多样性和分布的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Global Patterns and Determinants of Multiple Facets of Freshwater Fishes Beta Diversity 淡水鱼类Beta多样性的全球格局和决定因素

IF 6 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Global Ecology and Biogeography

Pub Date : 2025-12-14 DOI: 10.1111/geb.70181

Ziqi Chen, CongJun Xu, Sébastien Brosse, Aurèle Toussaint, Jun Xu, Guohuan Su

Aim

Global patterns of freshwater fish species diversity and their natural and anthropogenic determinants are relatively well documented. Yet, determinants of fish dissimilarity (beta diversity) across river basins remain poorly understood. Here, we quantify taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic beta diversity of freshwater fish across global river basins and identify the key environmental and historical drivers shaping these patterns.

Location

Global.

Time Period

1960s–2000s.

Major Taxa Studied

Freshwater fish.

Methods

We used a global database of freshwater fishes, a trait database based on morphological descriptions and phylogenetic information calculated by phylogenetic distances. We assessed multiple facets of fish beta diversity and partitioned beta diversity into turnover and nestedness components to assess their contributions. Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to assess the relationships between them and their components. We then applied boosted regression trees (BRT) model to assess their relationships with key environmental, spatial and historical variables.

Results

We reported strong links between three facets of beta diversity, but species turnover contributed more strongly than nestedness to overall beta diversity, while functional and phylogenetic beta diversity exhibited contrasting patterns. We further found that geographic, climatic and historical factors all played significant roles in shaping beta diversity, with river basin area emerging as the most influential predictor.

Main Conclusions

Although the global patterns of the three facets of beta diversity are consistent, the contributions of turnover and nestedness are different. Our results suggest that distinguishing between turnover and nestedness dimensions of the taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic facets of biodiversity provides a comprehensive and insightful understanding of the mechanisms underlying global freshwater fish beta diversity.

淡水鱼物种多样性的全球格局及其自然和人为因素的决定因素有较好的文献记载。然而，跨流域鱼类差异的决定因素（beta多样性）仍然知之甚少。在这里，我们量化了全球河流流域淡水鱼的分类、功能和系统发育多样性，并确定了形成这些模式的关键环境和历史驱动因素。

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引用次数: 0

Increased Holocene Diversity in Europe Linked to Human-Associated Vegetation Change 欧洲全新世多样性的增加与人类相关的植被变化有关

IF 6 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Global Ecology and Biogeography

Pub Date : 2025-12-14 DOI: 10.1111/geb.70166

Jonathan D. Gordon, Brennen Fagan, Esther Githumbi, Nicky Milner, Chris D. Thomas

<div> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>It is widely reported that aspects of present-day global biodiversity are declining, with humans largely to blame. However—perhaps paradoxically—in Europe, floristic diversity and human populations have grown in tandem for millennia. Disturbance intensity and habitat heterogeneity potentially explain this phenomenon, though we lack understanding of how human land use intensity affected biodiversity at numerous spatial scales over the Holocene. Here, we examine the relationships between anthropogenic vegetation change and floristic diversity over the last 12 millennia in Europe, at multiple spatial scales.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>Europe.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Time Period</h3> <p>The Holocene (11,700–100 cal yr BP).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3> <p>Plants.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>We examined the spatio-temporal dynamics of, and relationships between, floristic richness, evenness and compositional turnover with an index of anthropogenic vegetation change since 11,700 cal yr. BP, analysing 7853 pollen samples from 213 records (sites). We evaluated how changes to the proportional site occupancies of human-associated and other taxa related to diversity patterns.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>(1) Floristic richness, evenness, and compositional turnover increased from 9000 years ago to 1850 CE. (2) Temporal increases in richness and evenness were positively associated with the anthropogenic vegetation index in the majority of vegetation zones and sites, whereas compositional turnover was only associated with the anthropogenic index at the site level. (3) Holocene site occupancies of all human-associated taxa were positively associated with biodiversity gains, whereas the results for other taxa (that were not associated with people) were mixed.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Main Conclusions</h3> <p>Following the onset of warmer Holocene conditions, floristic diversity initially declined, while subsequent increases were positively associated with human impacts over the vast majority of Europe. From the mid-Holocene onwards, farming populations increasingly disturbed European landscapes—perhaps replicating the now-lost megafaunal disturbance regimes—to produce patchy and increasingly diverse vegetative communities, the legacies of which are still present today.</p> </

据广泛报道，当今全球生物多样性的各个方面正在下降，这在很大程度上要归咎于人类。然而，或许有些矛盾的是，在欧洲，几千年来植物多样性和人口数量一直在同步增长。干扰强度和栖息地异质性可能解释了这一现象，尽管我们缺乏对全新世人类土地利用强度如何在多个空间尺度上影响生物多样性的理解。在这里，我们在多个空间尺度上研究了过去12000年来欧洲人为植被变化与植物区系多样性之间的关系。欧洲的位置。全新世（11700 - 100 calyr BP）。研究植物的主要分类群。方法以11,700 cal . yr. BP以来的人为植被变化为指标，分析了该地区植物区系丰富度、均匀度和成分更替的时空动态及其相互关系。我们评估了与多样性模式相关的人类相关类群和其他类群的比例占有变化。结果(1)从9000年前到1850年，植物区系丰富度、均匀度和成分周转均有所增加。(2)在大多数植被带和立地，丰富度和均匀度随时间的增加与人为植被指数呈显著正相关，而群落更替仅与立地水平的人为指数呈显著正相关。(3)所有与人类相关的分类群的全新世遗址占用率与生物多样性增益呈正相关，而与人类无关的其他分类群的遗址占用率则喜忧参半。全新世气候变暖后，植物区系多样性开始下降，而随后的增加与欧洲绝大多数地区的人类影响呈正相关。从全新世中期开始，农业人口越来越多地干扰了欧洲的景观——也许是复制了现在已经消失的巨型动物干扰机制——从而产生了斑块状的、越来越多样化的植物群落，其遗产至今仍然存在。

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引用次数: 0