Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi play critical roles in ecosystem services and exhibit sensitivity to global change factors (GCFs). However, the interactive effects of multiple GCFs on AM fungal communities, and whether changes in AM fungal communities have a feedback effect on plant–mycorrhizal benefits under global change remain poorly understood.
Global.
1990–2022.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; arbuscular mycorrhizal plant hosts.
We synthesised 1646 observations of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities from field experiments to evaluate how manipulated GCFs affect their abundance and community structure and to determine the potential consequences for outcomes of plant–mycorrhizal fungal relationships.
The interactive effects among GCFs were mainly additive rather than synergistic or antagonistic. AM fungal diversity was not consistently sensitive to the individual effects of GCFs; however, a significant shift in community structure occurred under individual or concurrent GCFs. When multiple factors were imposed simultaneously, their negative effect on AM fungal colonisation was strengthened, while their effects on community structure were diminished. Moreover, plant performance was closely linked to changes in abundance and community structure of AM fungi under GCFs. Experimental duration and environmental variables emerged as the most important predictors of AM fungal responses to GCFs.
Reordering or replacement of AM fungal species has been identified as the key mechanism driving community responses to GCFs. Our study highlights the need to monitor AM fungal community structure and associated functional consequences for plant communities under ongoing global change.
Most seed plants are associated with one of four major types of mycorrhizal fungi: arbuscular (AM), ectomycorrhizal (ECM), ericoid (ERM) or orchid (ORM) fungi. These mycorrhizal types have evolved in close association with plant growth form (i.e., woody vs. herbaceous species). However, it remains unclear how the biogeography of mycorrhizal plants varies across different growth forms.
Global.
Current.
Seed plants.
By integrating newly compiled databases of species distributions, mycorrhizal types and growth forms for over 300,000 seed plant species, we demonstrated how the geographic patterns of mycorrhizal plant species and their drivers vary between woody and herbaceous species.
We found that the geographic patterns of mycorrhizal plants were more strongly associated with latitude and environmental variables when woody and herbaceous species were analysed separately, compared to when all species were analysed together. Specifically, in woody species, the proportion of AM species decreased towards high latitudes, while the proportion of ECM and ERM species increased. In herbaceous species, the proportion of AM species increased towards high latitudes, while the proportion of ORM species decreased. These geographic patterns of different mycorrhizal plants were primarily driven by temperature in woody species but by precipitation in herbaceous species. Interestingly, soil properties played significant roles in shaping the geographic patterns of mycorrhizal plants in both growth forms. These results suggest that mycorrhizal associations play different roles in mediating woody and herbaceous plant adaptation to environmental conditions.
Our study provides the global patterns in the proportions of different mycorrhizal types and demonstrates that the drivers underlying these patterns depend on plant growth forms. We suggest that mycorrhizal symbiosis related to plant growth forms may play an important role in shaping global plant diversity patterns.
Huo, X., B. Zhang, P. Ciais, et al. 2025. “Higher Sensitivity of Deep Soil Root Productivity to Precipitation Changes.” Global Ecology and Biogeography 34, no. 9: e70121. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70121.
In the original article, author Xinxing Huo's affiliation was incorrect. We have removed the incorrect affiliation from their name and have reordered the remaining affiliations correctly. The correct affiliations appear below and the online version of this article has been corrected.
We apologize for this error.
Xinxing Huo1,2; Bingwei Zhang3,4; Philippe Ciais5; Yiqi Luo6; Changhui Peng7; Yuhong Tian1,2; Xiuchen Wu1,2,8
1State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Disaster Risk Reduction, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
2Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
3Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
4Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coupled Human and Natural Systems in Land-Ocean Interaction Zone, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
5Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA/CNRS/UVSQ/Universit´e Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
6School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
7Department of Biological Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Quebec, Canada
8Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
Land-use change is a major threat to biodiversity, yet there remains considerable unexplained variation in how it affects different populations of the same species. Here, we examine how sensitivity to forest cover changes depending on proximity to different limits of a species' range. By comparing responses as species approach their coastal (‘hard’) and inland (‘soft’) range limits, we aim to provide insight into the relative influence of mass effects, as compared to abiotic and biotic environmental suitability in shaping population sensitivity.
Global.
1996–2019.
Birds.
We combined data from several large databases to obtain a dataset of 2543 bird species surveyed across 116 studies, spanning six continents. Using expert-verified range maps, we calculated the position of populations relative to their species' nearest inland (‘soft’) and coastal (‘hard’) range limits and categorised the inland limits as equatorward- or poleward- facing. We investigated how distance to range limits and forest cover, derived from a 30 m-resolution global dataset, affect the probability of species' incidence.
We found that bird populations are more sensitive to forest cover when located closer to their species' inland (‘soft’) range limits, whereas this was not the case at coastal (‘hard’) range limits. The heightened sensitivity to forest cover at soft range limits was similar regardless of whether the range limit faced equatorward or poleward.
These results highlight how populations close to the soft limits of their species' ranges are at higher risk of extirpation resulting from loss of forest cover. This suggests that environmental conditions (e.g., climate), which become more challenging away from the core of the species' range, drive variability in sensitivity to forest cover.
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