Simon J. Brandl, Jérémy Carlot, Rick D. Stuart-Smith, Sally A. Keith, Nicholas A. J. Graham, Graham J. Edgar, Jérémy Wicquart, Shaun K. Wilson, Rucha Karkarey, Mary K. Donovan, Jesus E. Arias-Gonzalez, Rohan Arthur, Lionel Bigot, Dan A. Exton, Jordan Goetze, Andrew S. Hoey, Thomas Holmes, Jean-Philippe Maréchal, David Mouillot, Claire L. Ross, Julien Wickel, Mehdi Adjeroud, Valeriano Parravicini
Aim
Ecological state shifts that alter the structure and function of entire ecosystems are a concerning consequence of human impact. Yet, when, where and why discrete ecological states emerge remains difficult to predict and monitor, especially in high-diversity systems. We sought to quantify state shifts and their drivers through space and time in the most ecologically complex marine ecosystem: tropical coral reefs.
Location
Worldwide.
Time Period
1987–2019.
Major Taxa Studied
Coral reef communities.
Methods
Using a global dataset of 3375 coral reef surveys, along with 13 time series datasets ranging between 1987 and 2019, we applied a novel double-dichotomy approach to classify coral reefs into four simplified and discrete states based on the relative contributions of corals versus algae to benthic cover and small-bodied versus large-bodied fishes to fish standing stock. We then examined state shifts considering a range of spatial predictors and tested whether states have shifted directionally over time, and the nature of the most common transitions.
Results
We show that geographic, environmental and anthropogenic context fundamentally shapes coral reef states at the local scale, which explains disparities among case studies, and stakes out critical baseline expectations for regional management efforts. We also reveal clear multi-decadal state shifts on coral reefs: over time, systems dominated by reef-building corals and small-bodied, planktivorous fishes tend to have been replaced with reefs characterised by algae and larger-bodied fishes.
Main Conclusions
Our results suggest a previously unrecognised transition from systems that harness external subsidies through small-bodied consumers associated with structurally complex live corals, to herbivore-dominated systems with stronger bottom-up dynamics. Overall, the partitioning of complex reef ecosystems into a small suite of discrete ecological states suggests that spatial context-dependency, shifting baselines and changes in reef functioning are crucial considerations for coral reef management in the 21st century.
{"title":"Unifying Coral Reef States Through Space and Time Reveals a Changing Ecosystem","authors":"Simon J. Brandl, Jérémy Carlot, Rick D. Stuart-Smith, Sally A. Keith, Nicholas A. J. Graham, Graham J. Edgar, Jérémy Wicquart, Shaun K. Wilson, Rucha Karkarey, Mary K. Donovan, Jesus E. Arias-Gonzalez, Rohan Arthur, Lionel Bigot, Dan A. Exton, Jordan Goetze, Andrew S. Hoey, Thomas Holmes, Jean-Philippe Maréchal, David Mouillot, Claire L. Ross, Julien Wickel, Mehdi Adjeroud, Valeriano Parravicini","doi":"10.1111/geb.13926","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.13926","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ecological state shifts that alter the structure and function of entire ecosystems are a concerning consequence of human impact. Yet, when, where and why discrete ecological states emerge remains difficult to predict and monitor, especially in high-diversity systems. We sought to quantify state shifts and their drivers through space and time in the most ecologically complex marine ecosystem: tropical coral reefs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Worldwide.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>1987–2019.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Coral reef communities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using a global dataset of 3375 coral reef surveys, along with 13 time series datasets ranging between 1987 and 2019, we applied a novel double-dichotomy approach to classify coral reefs into four simplified and discrete states based on the relative contributions of corals versus algae to benthic cover and small-bodied versus large-bodied fishes to fish standing stock. We then examined state shifts considering a range of spatial predictors and tested whether states have shifted directionally over time, and the nature of the most common transitions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We show that geographic, environmental and anthropogenic context fundamentally shapes coral reef states at the local scale, which explains disparities among case studies, and stakes out critical baseline expectations for regional management efforts. We also reveal clear multi-decadal state shifts on coral reefs: over time, systems dominated by reef-building corals and small-bodied, planktivorous fishes tend to have been replaced with reefs characterised by algae and larger-bodied fishes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results suggest a previously unrecognised transition from systems that harness external subsidies through small-bodied consumers associated with structurally complex live corals, to herbivore-dominated systems with stronger bottom-up dynamics. Overall, the partitioning of complex reef ecosystems into a small suite of discrete ecological states suggests that spatial context-dependency, shifting baselines and changes in reef functioning are crucial considerations for coral reef management in the 21st century.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"33 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142449580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Miguel Ángel Rendón Espinosa, Marius Bottin, Adriana Sanchez, Carlos Vargas, Lauren Raz, Adriana Corrales
<div> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>Mycorrhizal fungi play key roles in the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. The main types of mycorrhizal associations are arbuscular mycorrhizae, ectomycorrhizae, ericoid mycorrhizae and orchid mycorrhizae. Previous studies have shown that the abundance of plants with different types of mycorrhizal associations change gradually along latitudinal and altitudinal gradients driven by the effects of climate and soil nutrients. We aimed to understand how altitude and climatic and soil variables shape the distribution patterns of tropical plant mycorrhizal types and nitrogen-fixing plants along altitudinal gradients in the Andes.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>Colombian Andean mountain range.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Time Period</h3> <p>Present day.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3> <p>Plants (vascular and non-vascular).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>We used a herbarium plant records database and assigned mycorrhizal type to each plant species based on the available literature. Bioclimatic and soil variables were also compiled at a resolution of 10 km. We calculated the proportion of each mycorrhizal association type per grid cell and created a diversity index to explore their spatial distribution and association with abiotic factors based on LMs.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>The diversity of mycorrhizal associations increased with altitude and peaked around 3000 m, in an ecotone belt known as the subpáramo recognised by the high abundance of Ericaceae species. Soil carbon stock and soil total nitrogen were also positively correlated with the diversity of mycorrhizal types. Moreover, the abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal plants was highest at low elevations and increased with the proportion of nitrogen-fixing plants per cell.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Main Conclusions</h3> <p>Our results indicate that mycorrhizal associations gradually change along altitudinal gradients in the tropical Andes. Climatic factors and the interactions between climatic and edaphic factors have the greatest explanatory power to predict the distribution of types of mycorrhizal associations along the altitudinal gradient. Based on these results we expect that climate change could potentially alter the distribution of mycorrhizal types in tropical mountains with unknown consequences for ecosystem functions.</p
{"title":"Diversity of Mycorrhizal Types Along Altitudinal Gradients in the Tropical Andes","authors":"Miguel Ángel Rendón Espinosa, Marius Bottin, Adriana Sanchez, Carlos Vargas, Lauren Raz, Adriana Corrales","doi":"10.1111/geb.13923","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.13923","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mycorrhizal fungi play key roles in the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. The main types of mycorrhizal associations are arbuscular mycorrhizae, ectomycorrhizae, ericoid mycorrhizae and orchid mycorrhizae. Previous studies have shown that the abundance of plants with different types of mycorrhizal associations change gradually along latitudinal and altitudinal gradients driven by the effects of climate and soil nutrients. We aimed to understand how altitude and climatic and soil variables shape the distribution patterns of tropical plant mycorrhizal types and nitrogen-fixing plants along altitudinal gradients in the Andes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Colombian Andean mountain range.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Present day.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Plants (vascular and non-vascular).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used a herbarium plant records database and assigned mycorrhizal type to each plant species based on the available literature. Bioclimatic and soil variables were also compiled at a resolution of 10 km. We calculated the proportion of each mycorrhizal association type per grid cell and created a diversity index to explore their spatial distribution and association with abiotic factors based on LMs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The diversity of mycorrhizal associations increased with altitude and peaked around 3000 m, in an ecotone belt known as the subpáramo recognised by the high abundance of Ericaceae species. Soil carbon stock and soil total nitrogen were also positively correlated with the diversity of mycorrhizal types. Moreover, the abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal plants was highest at low elevations and increased with the proportion of nitrogen-fixing plants per cell.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results indicate that mycorrhizal associations gradually change along altitudinal gradients in the tropical Andes. Climatic factors and the interactions between climatic and edaphic factors have the greatest explanatory power to predict the distribution of types of mycorrhizal associations along the altitudinal gradient. Based on these results we expect that climate change could potentially alter the distribution of mycorrhizal types in tropical mountains with unknown consequences for ecosystem functions.</p","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"33 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142415809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biogeographers have believed for a long time that the geographical distributions of protists are only determined by environmental conditions, because dispersal is not limited. During the past two decades, the field has come a long way to show that historical and spatial factors also significantly contribute to shaping protist distributions, calling for a reappraisal of our understanding of protist biogeography.
Methods
We review the current state-of-the-art on the field of protist biogeography, highlighting several outstanding questions and opportunities. Our review brings together insights from different disciplines, ranging from morphology-based research to environmental, population and speciation genomics.
Results
Protist communities harbour cosmopolitan and geographically restricted species and are shaped by both local environmental conditions and historical processes, yet the relative contributions of these patterns and processes likely differs depending on the geographic scale, protist lineage and the habitat that is being investigated. The field is ready to move beyond the decades-long ubiquity versus (moderate) endemicity discourse and to instead ask why and where specific protist species and clades are more prone to widespread or restricted distributions. With the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, from whole-genome sequencing to environmental and ancient DNA surveys, it is now possible to integrate insights from multiple lines of evidence and investigate protist communities, species and populations at an unprecedented scale and detail.
Outlook
To further advance the field, the protist community needs to focus on understudied habitats and protist lineages, study the impact of protist traits on biogeographical patterns, perform targeted field and experimental work to disentangle the processes that underlie protist biogeographies and expand and develop databases with sequence, trait, distributional and phylogenetic information of protists. Given that a good understanding of species boundaries is central to unravelling protist biogeography, it remains crucial to invest in polyphasic taxonomic research.
{"title":"A New Dawn for Protist Biogeography","authors":"Eveline Pinseel, Koen Sabbe, Elie Verleyen, Wim Vyverman","doi":"10.1111/geb.13925","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.13925","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Biogeographers have believed for a long time that the geographical distributions of protists are only determined by environmental conditions, because dispersal is not limited. During the past two decades, the field has come a long way to show that historical and spatial factors also significantly contribute to shaping protist distributions, calling for a reappraisal of our understanding of protist biogeography.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We review the current state-of-the-art on the field of protist biogeography, highlighting several outstanding questions and opportunities. Our review brings together insights from different disciplines, ranging from morphology-based research to environmental, population and speciation genomics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Protist communities harbour cosmopolitan and geographically restricted species and are shaped by both local environmental conditions and historical processes, yet the relative contributions of these patterns and processes likely differs depending on the geographic scale, protist lineage and the habitat that is being investigated. The field is ready to move beyond the decades-long ubiquity versus (moderate) endemicity discourse and to instead ask why and where specific protist species and clades are more prone to widespread or restricted distributions. With the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, from whole-genome sequencing to environmental and ancient DNA surveys, it is now possible to integrate insights from multiple lines of evidence and investigate protist communities, species and populations at an unprecedented scale and detail.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Outlook</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To further advance the field, the protist community needs to focus on understudied habitats and protist lineages, study the impact of protist traits on biogeographical patterns, perform targeted field and experimental work to disentangle the processes that underlie protist biogeographies and expand and develop databases with sequence, trait, distributional and phylogenetic information of protists. Given that a good understanding of species boundaries is central to unravelling protist biogeography, it remains crucial to invest in polyphasic taxonomic research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"33 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.13925","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142383978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Grace A. Cagle, Alicia McGrew, Benjamin Baiser, Sydne Record, Nicholas J. Gotelli, Dominique Gravel, Leonora S. Bittleston, Erica B. Young, Sarah M. Gray, Zachary B. Freedman
<div> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>Ecological theory suggests that dispersal limitation and selection by climatic factors influence bacterial community assembly at a continental scale, yet the conditions governing the relative importance of each process remains unclear. The carnivorous pitcher plant <i>Sarracenia purpurea</i> provides a model aquatic microecosystem to assess bacterial communities across the host plant's north–south range in North America. This study determined the relative influences of dispersal limitation and environmental selection on the assembly of bacterial communities inhabiting <i>S. purpurea</i> pitchers at the continental scale.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>Eastern United States and Canada.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Time Period</h3> <p>2016.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3> <p>Bacteria inhabiting <i>S. purpurea</i> pitchers.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>Pitcher morphology, fluid, inquilines and prey were measured, and pitcher fluid underwent DNA sequencing for bacterial community analysis. Null modelling of β-diversity provided estimates for the contributions of selection and dispersal limitation to community assembly, complemented by an examination of spatial clustering of individuals. Phylogenetic and ecological associations of co-occurrence network module bacteria was determined by assessing the phylogenetic diversity and habitat preferences of member taxa.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Dispersal limitation was evident from between-site variation and spatial aggregation of individual bacterial taxa in the <i>S. purpurea</i> pitcher system. Selection pressure was weak across the geographic range, yet network module analysis indicated environmental selection within subgroups. A group of aquatic bacteria held traits under selection in warmer, wetter climates, and midge abundance was associated with selection for traits held by a group of saprotrophs. Processes that increased pitcher fluid volume weakened selection in one module, possibly by supporting greater bacterial dispersal.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusion</h3> <p>Dispersal limitation governed bacterial community assembly in <i>S. purpurea</i> pitchers at a continental scale (74% of be
{"title":"Dispersal Limitation Governs Bacterial Community Assembly in the Northern Pitcher Plant (Sarracenia purpurea) at the Continental Scale","authors":"Grace A. Cagle, Alicia McGrew, Benjamin Baiser, Sydne Record, Nicholas J. Gotelli, Dominique Gravel, Leonora S. Bittleston, Erica B. Young, Sarah M. Gray, Zachary B. Freedman","doi":"10.1111/geb.13922","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.13922","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ecological theory suggests that dispersal limitation and selection by climatic factors influence bacterial community assembly at a continental scale, yet the conditions governing the relative importance of each process remains unclear. The carnivorous pitcher plant <i>Sarracenia purpurea</i> provides a model aquatic microecosystem to assess bacterial communities across the host plant's north–south range in North America. This study determined the relative influences of dispersal limitation and environmental selection on the assembly of bacterial communities inhabiting <i>S. purpurea</i> pitchers at the continental scale.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eastern United States and Canada.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>2016.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bacteria inhabiting <i>S. purpurea</i> pitchers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pitcher morphology, fluid, inquilines and prey were measured, and pitcher fluid underwent DNA sequencing for bacterial community analysis. Null modelling of β-diversity provided estimates for the contributions of selection and dispersal limitation to community assembly, complemented by an examination of spatial clustering of individuals. Phylogenetic and ecological associations of co-occurrence network module bacteria was determined by assessing the phylogenetic diversity and habitat preferences of member taxa.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dispersal limitation was evident from between-site variation and spatial aggregation of individual bacterial taxa in the <i>S. purpurea</i> pitcher system. Selection pressure was weak across the geographic range, yet network module analysis indicated environmental selection within subgroups. A group of aquatic bacteria held traits under selection in warmer, wetter climates, and midge abundance was associated with selection for traits held by a group of saprotrophs. Processes that increased pitcher fluid volume weakened selection in one module, possibly by supporting greater bacterial dispersal.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dispersal limitation governed bacterial community assembly in <i>S. purpurea</i> pitchers at a continental scale (74% of be","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"33 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.13922","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142377333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thom Worm, Ariel Saffer, Yu Takeuchi, Chelsey Walden-Schreiner, Chris Jones, Ross Meentemeyer
<div> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>The global, human-mediated dispersal of invasive insects is a major driver of ecosystem change, biodiversity loss, crop damage and other effects. Trade flows and invasive species propagule pressure are correlated, and their relationship is essential for predicting and managing future invasions. Invaders do not disperse exclusively from the species' native range. Instead, the bridgehead effect, where established, non-native populations act as secondary sources of propagule, is recognised as a major driver of global invasion. The resulting pattern of global spread arises from a mixture of global interactions between invasive species, their vectors and, their invaded ranges, which has yet to be fully characterised.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>Global.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Time Period</h3> <p>1997–2020.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3> <p>Insects.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>We analysed 319,283 border interception records of 514 insect species from a broad range of taxa from four national-level phytosanitary organisations. We classified interceptions as coming from species native range or from bridgehead countries and examined taxonomic autocorrelation of global movement patterns between species.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>While 65% of interceptions originated from bridgehead countries, highlighting the importance of the bridgehead effect across taxa, patterns among individual species were highly variable and taxonomically correlated. Forty per cent of species originated almost exclusively from their native range, 28% almost exclusively from their non-native range and 32% from a mix of source locations. These patterns of global dispersal were geographically widespread, temporally consistent, and taxonomically correlated.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusions</h3> <p>Dispersal exclusively from bridgeheads represents an unrecognised pattern of global insect movement; these patterns emphasise the importance of the bridgehead effect and suggest that bridgeheads provide unique local conditions that allow invaders to proliferate differently than in their native range. We connect these patterns of global dispersal to the conditions during
{"title":"Border Interceptions Reveal Variable Bridgehead Use in the Global Dispersal of Insects","authors":"Thom Worm, Ariel Saffer, Yu Takeuchi, Chelsey Walden-Schreiner, Chris Jones, Ross Meentemeyer","doi":"10.1111/geb.13924","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.13924","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The global, human-mediated dispersal of invasive insects is a major driver of ecosystem change, biodiversity loss, crop damage and other effects. Trade flows and invasive species propagule pressure are correlated, and their relationship is essential for predicting and managing future invasions. Invaders do not disperse exclusively from the species' native range. Instead, the bridgehead effect, where established, non-native populations act as secondary sources of propagule, is recognised as a major driver of global invasion. The resulting pattern of global spread arises from a mixture of global interactions between invasive species, their vectors and, their invaded ranges, which has yet to be fully characterised.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>1997–2020.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Insects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analysed 319,283 border interception records of 514 insect species from a broad range of taxa from four national-level phytosanitary organisations. We classified interceptions as coming from species native range or from bridgehead countries and examined taxonomic autocorrelation of global movement patterns between species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While 65% of interceptions originated from bridgehead countries, highlighting the importance of the bridgehead effect across taxa, patterns among individual species were highly variable and taxonomically correlated. Forty per cent of species originated almost exclusively from their native range, 28% almost exclusively from their non-native range and 32% from a mix of source locations. These patterns of global dispersal were geographically widespread, temporally consistent, and taxonomically correlated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dispersal exclusively from bridgeheads represents an unrecognised pattern of global insect movement; these patterns emphasise the importance of the bridgehead effect and suggest that bridgeheads provide unique local conditions that allow invaders to proliferate differently than in their native range. We connect these patterns of global dispersal to the conditions during ","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"33 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.13924","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142360590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicolas Delpierre, Suzon Garnier, Hugo Treuil-Dussouet, Koen Hufkens, Jianhong Lin, Colin Beier, Michael Bell, Daniel Berveiller, Matthias Cuntz, Giulio Curioni, Kyla Dahlin, Sander O. Denham, Ankur R. Desai, Jean-Christophe Domec, Kris M. Hart, Andreas Ibrom, Emilie Joetzjer, John King, Anne Klosterhalfen, Franziska Koebsch, Patrick McHale, Alexandre Morfin, J. William Munger, Asko Noormets, Kim Pilegaard, Felix Pohl, Corinna Rebmann, Andrew D. Richardson, David Rothstein, Mark D. Schwartz, Matthew Wilkinson, Kamel Soudani
<div> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>To quantify the intra-community variability of leaf-out (ICVLo) among dominant trees in temperate deciduous forests, assess its links with specific and phylogenetic diversity, identify its environmental drivers and deduce its ecological consequences with regard to radiation received and exposure to late frost.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>Eastern North America (ENA) and Europe (EUR).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Time Period</h3> <p>2009–2022.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3> <p>Temperate deciduous forest trees.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>We developed an approach to quantify ICVLo through the analysis of RGB images taken from phenological cameras. We related ICVLo to species richness, phylogenetic diversity and environmental conditions. We quantified the intra-community variability of the amount of radiation received and of exposure to late frost.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Leaf-out occurred over a longer time interval in ENA than in EUR. The sensitivity of leaf-out to temperature was identical in both regions (−3.4 days per °C). The distributions of ICVLo were similar in EUR and ENA forests, despite the latter being more species-rich and phylogenetically diverse. In both regions, cooler conditions and an earlier occurrence of leaf-out resulted in higher ICVLo. ICVLo resulted in ca. 8% difference of radiation received from leaf-out to September among individual trees. Forest communities in ENA had shorter safety margins as regards the exposure to late frosts, and were actually more frequently exposed to late frosts.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Main Conclusions</h3> <p>We conducted the first intercontinental analysis of the variability of leaf-out at the scale of tree communities. North American and European forests showed similar ICVLo, in spite of their differences in terms of species richness and phylogenetic diversity, highlighting the relevance of environmental controls on ICVLo. We quantified two ecological implications of ICVLo (difference in terms of radiation received and exposure to late frost), which should be explored in the context of ongoing climate change, which affects trees differently according to their phenological niche
{"title":"Phenology Across Scales: An Intercontinental Analysis of Leaf-Out Dates in Temperate Deciduous Tree Communities","authors":"Nicolas Delpierre, Suzon Garnier, Hugo Treuil-Dussouet, Koen Hufkens, Jianhong Lin, Colin Beier, Michael Bell, Daniel Berveiller, Matthias Cuntz, Giulio Curioni, Kyla Dahlin, Sander O. Denham, Ankur R. Desai, Jean-Christophe Domec, Kris M. Hart, Andreas Ibrom, Emilie Joetzjer, John King, Anne Klosterhalfen, Franziska Koebsch, Patrick McHale, Alexandre Morfin, J. William Munger, Asko Noormets, Kim Pilegaard, Felix Pohl, Corinna Rebmann, Andrew D. Richardson, David Rothstein, Mark D. Schwartz, Matthew Wilkinson, Kamel Soudani","doi":"10.1111/geb.13910","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.13910","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To quantify the intra-community variability of leaf-out (ICVLo) among dominant trees in temperate deciduous forests, assess its links with specific and phylogenetic diversity, identify its environmental drivers and deduce its ecological consequences with regard to radiation received and exposure to late frost.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eastern North America (ENA) and Europe (EUR).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>2009–2022.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Temperate deciduous forest trees.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We developed an approach to quantify ICVLo through the analysis of RGB images taken from phenological cameras. We related ICVLo to species richness, phylogenetic diversity and environmental conditions. We quantified the intra-community variability of the amount of radiation received and of exposure to late frost.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Leaf-out occurred over a longer time interval in ENA than in EUR. The sensitivity of leaf-out to temperature was identical in both regions (−3.4 days per °C). The distributions of ICVLo were similar in EUR and ENA forests, despite the latter being more species-rich and phylogenetically diverse. In both regions, cooler conditions and an earlier occurrence of leaf-out resulted in higher ICVLo. ICVLo resulted in ca. 8% difference of radiation received from leaf-out to September among individual trees. Forest communities in ENA had shorter safety margins as regards the exposure to late frosts, and were actually more frequently exposed to late frosts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted the first intercontinental analysis of the variability of leaf-out at the scale of tree communities. North American and European forests showed similar ICVLo, in spite of their differences in terms of species richness and phylogenetic diversity, highlighting the relevance of environmental controls on ICVLo. We quantified two ecological implications of ICVLo (difference in terms of radiation received and exposure to late frost), which should be explored in the context of ongoing climate change, which affects trees differently according to their phenological niche","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"33 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.13910","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142360591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shannon R. Curley, José R. Ramírez-Garofalo, Marlen Acosta Alamo, Lisa L. Manne, Julie L. Lockwood, Richard R. Veit
Aim
Seasonality governs species composition at a given place and time. However, the effects of climate and land-use change can vary by season, altering species composition. These changes can lead to a loss of distinct seasonal community composition, representing a novel form of biotic homogenisation. We ask if breeding and winter bird communities are becoming more similar over time. If so, is homogenisation occurring more rapidly in winter than in the breeding season, and has the presence of individual species changed between seasons?
Location
Northeastern United States.
Time Period
1989–2019.
Major Taxa Studied
Two hundred thirty-eight bird species.
Methods
We use data from The National Audubon Society's Christmas Bird Count and the North American Breeding Bird Survey to test if winter and breeding bird communities have become more similar (homogenised). We evaluate this change using the Sørensen dissimilarity index, and its components of turnover (species replacement) and nestedness (a subset of a more species rich community) and describe the mechanism in which the seasonal winter and breeding bird communities are changing.
Results
We found that winter and breeding bird communities are homogenising, driven by significant decrease in turnover and a marginal decrease nestedness. When viewing breeding and wintering communities separately, we observe different trends. Breeding communities are becoming more unique with decreasing turnover and nestedness. Winter communities are becoming more similar to each other, with decreasing turnover and nestedness. More breeding species are declining and species that are typically found in the winter and year-round residents are the main contributors to the homogenisation between seasons.
Main Conclusions
We show for the first time homogenisation between winter and breeding bird communities over time across the northeastern United States. This insight into how individual species are faring between seasons, and how they impact community structure, can be used when implementing conservation measures for maintaining ecological functioning and integrity.
{"title":"The Erosion of Seasonality in Avian Communities","authors":"Shannon R. Curley, José R. Ramírez-Garofalo, Marlen Acosta Alamo, Lisa L. Manne, Julie L. Lockwood, Richard R. Veit","doi":"10.1111/geb.13919","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.13919","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seasonality governs species composition at a given place and time. However, the effects of climate and land-use change can vary by season, altering species composition. These changes can lead to a loss of distinct seasonal community composition, representing a novel form of biotic homogenisation. We ask if breeding and winter bird communities are becoming more similar over time. If so, is homogenisation occurring more rapidly in winter than in the breeding season, and has the presence of individual species changed between seasons?</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Northeastern United States.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>1989–2019.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two hundred thirty-eight bird species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We use data from The National Audubon Society's Christmas Bird Count and the North American Breeding Bird Survey to test if winter and breeding bird communities have become more similar (homogenised). We evaluate this change using the Sørensen dissimilarity index, and its components of turnover (species replacement) and nestedness (a subset of a more species rich community) and describe the mechanism in which the seasonal winter and breeding bird communities are changing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found that winter and breeding bird communities are homogenising, driven by significant decrease in turnover and a marginal decrease nestedness. When viewing breeding and wintering communities separately, we observe different trends. Breeding communities are becoming more unique with decreasing turnover and nestedness. Winter communities are becoming more similar to each other, with decreasing turnover and nestedness. More breeding species are declining and species that are typically found in the winter and year-round residents are the main contributors to the homogenisation between seasons.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We show for the first time homogenisation between winter and breeding bird communities over time across the northeastern United States. This insight into how individual species are faring between seasons, and how they impact community structure, can be used when implementing conservation measures for maintaining ecological functioning and integrity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"33 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142360592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Collin P. Gross, J. Emmett Duffy, Kevin A. Hovel, Pamela L. Reynolds, Christoffer Boström, Katharyn E. Boyer, Mathieu Cusson, Johan Eklöf, Aschwin H. Engelen, Britas Klemens Eriksson, F. Joel Fodrie, John N. Griffin, Clara M. Hereu, Masakazu Hori, A. Randall Hughes, Mikhail V. Ivanov, Pablo Jorgensen, Melissa R. Kardish, Claudia Kruschel, Kun-Seop Lee, Jonathan Lefcheck, Karen McGlathery, Per-Olav Moksnes, Masahiro Nakaoka, Mary I. O'Connor, Nessa E. O'Connor, Jeanine L. Olsen, Robert J. Orth, Bradley J. Peterson, Henning Reiss, Francesca Rossi, Jennifer Ruesink, Erik E. Sotka, Jonas Thormar, Fiona Tomas, Richard Unsworth, Erin P. Voigt, Matthew A. Whalen, Shelby L. Ziegler, John J. Stachowicz
Aim
Biogenic structural complexity increases mobile animal richness and abundance at local, regional and global scales, yet animal taxa vary in their response to complexity. When these taxa also vary functionally, habitat structures favouring certain taxa may have consequences for ecosystem function. We characterised global patterns of epifaunal invertebrates in eelgrass (Zostera marina) beds that varied in structural and genetic composition.
Location
North America, Europe and Asia.
Time Period
2014.
Major Taxa Studied
Peracarid crustaceans and gastropod molluscs.
Methods
We sampled epifaunal invertebrate communities in 49 eelgrass beds across 37° latitude in two ocean basins concurrently with measurements of eelgrass genetic diversity, structural complexity and other abiotic and biotic environmental variables. We examined how species richness, abundance and community composition varied with latitude and environmental predictors using a random forest approach. We also examined how functional trait composition varied along with community structure.
Results
Total species richness decreased with latitude, but this was accompanied by a taxonomic shift in dominance from peracarid crustaceans to gastropods, which exhibited different sets of functional traits. Greater eelgrass genetic diversity was strongly correlated with both richness and abundance of peracarids, but less so for gastropods.
Main Conclusions
Our results add to a growing body of literature that suggests genetic variation in plant traits influences their associated faunal assemblages via habitat structure. Because peracarids and gastropods exhibited distinct functional traits, our results suggest a tentative indirect link between broad-scale variation in plant genetic diversity and ecosystem function.
{"title":"A Latitudinal Cline in the Taxonomic Structure of Eelgrass Epifaunal Communities is Associated With Plant Genetic Diversity","authors":"Collin P. Gross, J. Emmett Duffy, Kevin A. Hovel, Pamela L. Reynolds, Christoffer Boström, Katharyn E. Boyer, Mathieu Cusson, Johan Eklöf, Aschwin H. Engelen, Britas Klemens Eriksson, F. Joel Fodrie, John N. Griffin, Clara M. Hereu, Masakazu Hori, A. Randall Hughes, Mikhail V. Ivanov, Pablo Jorgensen, Melissa R. Kardish, Claudia Kruschel, Kun-Seop Lee, Jonathan Lefcheck, Karen McGlathery, Per-Olav Moksnes, Masahiro Nakaoka, Mary I. O'Connor, Nessa E. O'Connor, Jeanine L. Olsen, Robert J. Orth, Bradley J. Peterson, Henning Reiss, Francesca Rossi, Jennifer Ruesink, Erik E. Sotka, Jonas Thormar, Fiona Tomas, Richard Unsworth, Erin P. Voigt, Matthew A. Whalen, Shelby L. Ziegler, John J. Stachowicz","doi":"10.1111/geb.13918","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.13918","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Biogenic structural complexity increases mobile animal richness and abundance at local, regional and global scales, yet animal taxa vary in their response to complexity. When these taxa also vary functionally, habitat structures favouring certain taxa may have consequences for ecosystem function. We characterised global patterns of epifaunal invertebrates in eelgrass (<i>Zostera marina</i>) beds that varied in structural and genetic composition.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>North America, Europe and Asia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>2014.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Peracarid crustaceans and gastropod molluscs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We sampled epifaunal invertebrate communities in 49 eelgrass beds across 37° latitude in two ocean basins concurrently with measurements of eelgrass genetic diversity, structural complexity and other abiotic and biotic environmental variables. We examined how species richness, abundance and community composition varied with latitude and environmental predictors using a random forest approach. We also examined how functional trait composition varied along with community structure.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Total species richness decreased with latitude, but this was accompanied by a taxonomic shift in dominance from peracarid crustaceans to gastropods, which exhibited different sets of functional traits. Greater eelgrass genetic diversity was strongly correlated with both richness and abundance of peracarids, but less so for gastropods.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results add to a growing body of literature that suggests genetic variation in plant traits influences their associated faunal assemblages via habitat structure. Because peracarids and gastropods exhibited distinct functional traits, our results suggest a tentative indirect link between broad-scale variation in plant genetic diversity and ecosystem function.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"33 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.13918","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142360593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<div> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>Climate change is altering forest communities at an unprecedented pace. Current knowledge on trees' responses to climate shifts is based mostly on adults. Yet, germination traits and intraspecific variation can notably modulate species niches. This paper provides a quantitative review about warming effects on tree species' germination, the role of population effects and its implications under future climate.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>Global; covering boreal, temperate, Mediterranean and tropical–subtropical biomes.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Time Period</h3> <p>1996–2024.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3> <p>Tree species.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>We reviewed 50 papers addressing 63 species and 250 populations. Then, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess warming effects on germination percentage and time, and how germination is modulated by climate at seed origin. We further evaluated populations' adaptation to local temperature on 27 species. Finally, we estimated population-based germination niches in eight of these species under current climate conditions and a 2080 climate scenario (SSP5-8.5).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Warming induced more consistent shifts in germination time than in percentage across biomes, hastening germination. Temperature at seed origin shaped responses to warming in boreal and temperate species. In Mediterranean and tropical–subtropical species, different responses were associated with variation in precipitation-related variables. Local adaptation was more frequent in species from the tropics, while adaptation lags towards warmer-than-today conditions observed in the other biomes. Simulation of germination niches yielded slight although extensive germination reductions in tropical–subtropical species under future climate, whereas the temperate and boreal ones showed overall increases.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Main Conclusions</h3> <p>Population-level adjustments are key moderators of germination percentage and phenology response to warming. Their roles vary depending on the prevailing climate in each biome. Temperature at seed origin is an important factor modulating temperate and boreal species' res
{"title":"Tree Germination Sensitivity to Increasing Temperatures: A Global Meta-Analysis Across Biomes, Species and Populations","authors":"Eduardo Vicente, Marta Benito Garzón","doi":"10.1111/geb.13921","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.13921","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Climate change is altering forest communities at an unprecedented pace. Current knowledge on trees' responses to climate shifts is based mostly on adults. Yet, germination traits and intraspecific variation can notably modulate species niches. This paper provides a quantitative review about warming effects on tree species' germination, the role of population effects and its implications under future climate.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global; covering boreal, temperate, Mediterranean and tropical–subtropical biomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>1996–2024.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tree species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We reviewed 50 papers addressing 63 species and 250 populations. Then, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess warming effects on germination percentage and time, and how germination is modulated by climate at seed origin. We further evaluated populations' adaptation to local temperature on 27 species. Finally, we estimated population-based germination niches in eight of these species under current climate conditions and a 2080 climate scenario (SSP5-8.5).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Warming induced more consistent shifts in germination time than in percentage across biomes, hastening germination. Temperature at seed origin shaped responses to warming in boreal and temperate species. In Mediterranean and tropical–subtropical species, different responses were associated with variation in precipitation-related variables. Local adaptation was more frequent in species from the tropics, while adaptation lags towards warmer-than-today conditions observed in the other biomes. Simulation of germination niches yielded slight although extensive germination reductions in tropical–subtropical species under future climate, whereas the temperate and boreal ones showed overall increases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Population-level adjustments are key moderators of germination percentage and phenology response to warming. Their roles vary depending on the prevailing climate in each biome. Temperature at seed origin is an important factor modulating temperate and boreal species' res","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"33 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.13921","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142360594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ramiro Martín-Devasa, Aurélien Jamoneau, Sophia I. Passy, Juliette Tison-Rosebery, Saúl Blanco, Alex Borrini, Sébastien Boutry, William R. Budnick, Marco Cantonati, Adelaide Clode Valente, Cristina Delgado, Gerald Dörflinger, Vítor Gonçalves, Jenny Jyrkänkallio-Mikkola, Bryan Kennedy, Julien Marquié, Helena Marques, Athina Papatheodoulou, Virpi Pajunen, Javier Pérez-Burillo, Pedro Miguel Raposeiro, Catarina Ritter, António Serafim, Anette Teittinen, Bart Van de Vijver, Jianjun Wang, Janne Soininen
<div> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>To evaluate the patterns of stream diatom beta diversity in islands versus continents across scales, to relate community similarities with spatial and environmental distances and to investigate the role of island characteristics in shaping insular diatom beta diversity.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>Africa, America, Europe and the Pacific.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Time Period</h3> <p>Present.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3> <p>Stream diatoms.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>We compared diatom beta diversity between islands and continents at large scales (within biogeographic regions) in two study regions (America and Europe) and at small scales (within islands/equivalent areas in continents) in three regions (Africa, America and Europe) partitioning beta diversity into turnover and nestedness components. We used a partial Mantel test and distance–decay curves to assess how diatom beta diversity on islands and continents is affected by spatial and environmental distances. Finally, using island data from all four regions, we evaluated the relationship between island beta diversity and island latitude, area, age and isolation using linear models.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>At large scales, mean dissimilarities were higher on islands than in continents in Europe but lower in America. At smaller scales, the differences varied mostly depending on island isolation. Beta diversity was mainly caused by species turnover. Partial Mantel test and distance–decay curves revealed that spatial and environmental distances shaped diatom beta diversity at large, but not at small scales. Moreover, diatom beta diversity on islands was affected by island latitude, age and isolation, but not by island area.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Main Conclusions</h3> <p>Diatom beta diversity on islands versus continents and its responses to spatial and environmental factors are scale and region dependent. Incomplete colonisation, evolutionary processes and environmental filtering likely contribute to insular beta diversity, which further varies with island latitude, age and isolation. This study sheds new light on beta diversity of microorganisms on islands and suggests t
{"title":"A Global Comparison of Stream Diatom Beta Diversity on Islands Versus Continents Across Scales","authors":"Ramiro Martín-Devasa, Aurélien Jamoneau, Sophia I. Passy, Juliette Tison-Rosebery, Saúl Blanco, Alex Borrini, Sébastien Boutry, William R. Budnick, Marco Cantonati, Adelaide Clode Valente, Cristina Delgado, Gerald Dörflinger, Vítor Gonçalves, Jenny Jyrkänkallio-Mikkola, Bryan Kennedy, Julien Marquié, Helena Marques, Athina Papatheodoulou, Virpi Pajunen, Javier Pérez-Burillo, Pedro Miguel Raposeiro, Catarina Ritter, António Serafim, Anette Teittinen, Bart Van de Vijver, Jianjun Wang, Janne Soininen","doi":"10.1111/geb.13916","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.13916","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate the patterns of stream diatom beta diversity in islands versus continents across scales, to relate community similarities with spatial and environmental distances and to investigate the role of island characteristics in shaping insular diatom beta diversity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Africa, America, Europe and the Pacific.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Present.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Stream diatoms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We compared diatom beta diversity between islands and continents at large scales (within biogeographic regions) in two study regions (America and Europe) and at small scales (within islands/equivalent areas in continents) in three regions (Africa, America and Europe) partitioning beta diversity into turnover and nestedness components. We used a partial Mantel test and distance–decay curves to assess how diatom beta diversity on islands and continents is affected by spatial and environmental distances. Finally, using island data from all four regions, we evaluated the relationship between island beta diversity and island latitude, area, age and isolation using linear models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>At large scales, mean dissimilarities were higher on islands than in continents in Europe but lower in America. At smaller scales, the differences varied mostly depending on island isolation. Beta diversity was mainly caused by species turnover. Partial Mantel test and distance–decay curves revealed that spatial and environmental distances shaped diatom beta diversity at large, but not at small scales. Moreover, diatom beta diversity on islands was affected by island latitude, age and isolation, but not by island area.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Diatom beta diversity on islands versus continents and its responses to spatial and environmental factors are scale and region dependent. Incomplete colonisation, evolutionary processes and environmental filtering likely contribute to insular beta diversity, which further varies with island latitude, age and isolation. This study sheds new light on beta diversity of microorganisms on islands and suggests t","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"33 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.13916","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142317495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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