Dario Massimino, Stephen R. Baillie, Dawn E. Balmer, Richard I. Bashford, Richard D. Gregory, Sarah J. Harris, James J. N. Heywood, Leah A. Kelly, David G. Noble, James W. Pearce-Higgins, Michael J. Raven, Kate Risely, Paul Woodcock, Simon R. Wotton, Simon Gillings
Motivation
Information on species' population trends is essential to assess species' conservation status, make informed environmental decisions and ultimately reduce biodiversity loss. Robust population trends require a long-term monitoring programme, often using citizen scientists, that ideally generates representative and unbiased data from the study area. Here we present the dataset of the Breeding Bird Survey, the main scheme for monitoring the population changes of common and widespread breeding birds in the United Kingdom, which achieves this through a randomised sampling scheme and defined field methodology. We also describe the modelling approach used to calculate the population trends, which are the main output of the survey.
Main Types of Variable Contained
The main published dataset contains 7,070,577 records detailing counts of 217 bird species in 7010 grid cells over 30 years. Data for 78 species that are currently regarded as too sensitive to be released at fine resolution are omitted. As an illustration of the main use of this dataset, we provide population change estimates for 119 bird species.
Spatial Location and Grain
Grid squares (1 × 1 km) are randomly selected using a stratified sampling scheme throughout the United Kingdom, Isle of Man and Channel Islands. Data in a grid square are collected along two 1-km-long transects which are subdivided into 200-m-long sections.
Time Period and Grain
Data have been collected every year since 1994, with two major disruptions in 2001 and 2020, when people's movements were nationally restricted. Grid squares are surveyed twice a year during the main breeding season (April to June). Here we present the data collected from 1994 to 2023.
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Xiaobin Hua, Christopher H. Lusk, Ian A. Dickie, Stephen Adu-Bredu, Kathryn J. Allen, Viviana Araus, Laurent Augusto, Pavel Barsukov, David Bauman, Félix Brédoire, David F. R. P. Burslem, James W. Dalling, Leen Depauw, Kyle G. Dexter, Thomas Drouet, John L. Godlee, Roberto Godoy, Rodrigo A. Gutiérrez, Jonathan Ilunga Muledi, Arnaud Jacobs, Robert Kooyman, Claudio Latorre, Jesús López Angulo, Sébastien Macé, Sybryn L. Maes, Francisco Maiato Pedro Gonçalves, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, Manuel Nicolas, Reuben Nilus, Michael O'Brien, Imma Oliveras Menor, Frida I. Piper, Jennifer Read, Glen Reynolds, Alfredo Saldaña, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Kris Verheyen, Mark Westoby, Benjamin Wigley, Ian J. Wright
Aim
Arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) and ectomycorrhizas (ECM) have different impacts on nutrient cycling, carbon storage, community dynamics and enhancement of photosynthesis by rising CO2. Recent global analyses have concluded that patterns of AM/ECM dominance in forests worldwide are shaped by climate, with soil nutrients contributing negligible additional explanatory power. However, their reliance on nutrient data from GIS surfaces masks important local influences of parent material, topography and soil age on soil nutrient status. We asked if use of site-specific nutrient data reveals a more important role for nutrients.
Time Period
Present day.
Location
Global dataset comprising 703 sites, encompassing forests, savanna/woodlands, shrublands and deserts on all continents except Antarctica.
Taxa Studied
Arborescent plants, including angiosperms, gymnosperms and tree ferns.
Methods
Generalised Additive Models for Location, Scale and Shape (GAMLSS) to determine the effects of climate variables, soil nitrogen and soil phosphorus on the proportional representation of ECM and of non-mycorrhizal species (NM) in woody vegetation.
Results
GAMLSS showed a strong negative relationship of ECM representation with mean annual temperature (MAT), and a strong negative relationship with soil total nitrogen. NM representation was highest on dry sites and phosphorus-poor sites. Reanalysis showed that GIS-derived soil nutrient data had less explanatory power than site-specific nutrient data, and resulted in poorer model fits.
Conclusions
Our results support the long-held belief that soil nutrients as well as climate influence the relative fitness of different mycorrhizal syndromes worldwide, and demonstrate the value of using site-specific nutrient data. Soil nutrients should be considered when predicting the impact of climate change on the mycorrhizal composition of vegetation and resulting shifts in ecosystem processes.
{"title":"Site-Specific Nutrient Data Reveal the Importance of Soils in Driving the Mycorrhizal Make-Up of Woody Vegetation Worldwide","authors":"Xiaobin Hua, Christopher H. Lusk, Ian A. Dickie, Stephen Adu-Bredu, Kathryn J. Allen, Viviana Araus, Laurent Augusto, Pavel Barsukov, David Bauman, Félix Brédoire, David F. R. P. Burslem, James W. Dalling, Leen Depauw, Kyle G. Dexter, Thomas Drouet, John L. Godlee, Roberto Godoy, Rodrigo A. Gutiérrez, Jonathan Ilunga Muledi, Arnaud Jacobs, Robert Kooyman, Claudio Latorre, Jesús López Angulo, Sébastien Macé, Sybryn L. Maes, Francisco Maiato Pedro Gonçalves, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, Manuel Nicolas, Reuben Nilus, Michael O'Brien, Imma Oliveras Menor, Frida I. Piper, Jennifer Read, Glen Reynolds, Alfredo Saldaña, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Kris Verheyen, Mark Westoby, Benjamin Wigley, Ian J. Wright","doi":"10.1111/geb.13936","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.13936","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) and ectomycorrhizas (ECM) have different impacts on nutrient cycling, carbon storage, community dynamics and enhancement of photosynthesis by rising CO<sub>2</sub>. Recent global analyses have concluded that patterns of AM/ECM dominance in forests worldwide are shaped by climate, with soil nutrients contributing negligible additional explanatory power. However, their reliance on nutrient data from GIS surfaces masks important local influences of parent material, topography and soil age on soil nutrient status. We asked if use of site-specific nutrient data reveals a more important role for nutrients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Present day.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global dataset comprising 703 sites, encompassing forests, savanna/woodlands, shrublands and deserts on all continents except Antarctica.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Arborescent plants, including angiosperms, gymnosperms and tree ferns.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Generalised Additive Models for Location, Scale and Shape (GAMLSS) to determine the effects of climate variables, soil nitrogen and soil phosphorus on the proportional representation of ECM and of non-mycorrhizal species (NM) in woody vegetation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>GAMLSS showed a strong negative relationship of ECM representation with mean annual temperature (MAT), and a strong negative relationship with soil total nitrogen. NM representation was highest on dry sites and phosphorus-poor sites. Reanalysis showed that GIS-derived soil nutrient data had less explanatory power than site-specific nutrient data, and resulted in poorer model fits.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results support the long-held belief that soil nutrients as well as climate influence the relative fitness of different mycorrhizal syndromes worldwide, and demonstrate the value of using site-specific nutrient data. Soil nutrients should be considered when predicting the impact of climate change on the mycorrhizal composition of vegetation and resulting shifts in ecosystem processes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ella Z. Daly, Taylor M. Brock-Fisher, Carol M. Frost
<div> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>Understanding the organisation of the wide variety of ecological interactions is crucial to advancing our understanding and management of real ecosystems. We aimed to compile a ‘complete’ network of tetrapod trophic and non-trophic interactions for the entire North American boreal forest biome that could be analysed to gain insights into community organisation and function. In particular, we aimed to identify functionally important units (modules) and species within the boreal network, and to compare how these changed seasonally and with different types of ecological interactions.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>Boreal North America.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Time Period</h3> <p>1950–present.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3> <p>Tetrapods.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>We compiled published ecological interactions for boreal tetrapods into a food web (trophic interactions) and a network containing trophic and non-trophic interactions (‘inclusive network’). We partitioned interactions by season, creating four networks representing the two network types per season. We examined how the modular structure, composition of modules, assortativity of species' attributes within modules and importance of different species compared across these networks.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>We compiled a dataset of 5037 ecological interactions amongst 421 boreal tetrapod species. Most of these interactions (87%) occur in summer. The summer and winter boreal food webs and inclusive networks are modular (i.e., contain subsets of species interacting more with each other than with species outside of the subset). The winter networks have more modules than the summer networks. Several species attributes explain which species assort together into modules, including physical and behavioural traits, taxonomic class and trophic niche. Seven species were functionally important across at least two of three measures: module hubs, centrality or responsible for the greatest network changes, with other species being important within certain seasons or interaction contexts.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Main Conclusions</h3> <p>Potential conservation management units (modules) exis
{"title":"A Trophic and Non-Trophic Seasonal Interaction Network Reveals Potential Management Units and Functionally Important Species","authors":"Ella Z. Daly, Taylor M. Brock-Fisher, Carol M. Frost","doi":"10.1111/geb.13940","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.13940","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Understanding the organisation of the wide variety of ecological interactions is crucial to advancing our understanding and management of real ecosystems. We aimed to compile a ‘complete’ network of tetrapod trophic and non-trophic interactions for the entire North American boreal forest biome that could be analysed to gain insights into community organisation and function. In particular, we aimed to identify functionally important units (modules) and species within the boreal network, and to compare how these changed seasonally and with different types of ecological interactions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Boreal North America.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>1950–present.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tetrapods.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We compiled published ecological interactions for boreal tetrapods into a food web (trophic interactions) and a network containing trophic and non-trophic interactions (‘inclusive network’). We partitioned interactions by season, creating four networks representing the two network types per season. We examined how the modular structure, composition of modules, assortativity of species' attributes within modules and importance of different species compared across these networks.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We compiled a dataset of 5037 ecological interactions amongst 421 boreal tetrapod species. Most of these interactions (87%) occur in summer. The summer and winter boreal food webs and inclusive networks are modular (i.e., contain subsets of species interacting more with each other than with species outside of the subset). The winter networks have more modules than the summer networks. Several species attributes explain which species assort together into modules, including physical and behavioural traits, taxonomic class and trophic niche. Seven species were functionally important across at least two of three measures: module hubs, centrality or responsible for the greatest network changes, with other species being important within certain seasons or interaction contexts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Potential conservation management units (modules) exis","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.13940","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Léna de Framond, Clinton D. Francis, Mihai Valcu, Henrik Brumm
Aim
The goal of this work was to investigate whether the community of avian nest predators shifts from nocturnal to diurnal with changes in latitude. This hypothesis was formulated 70 years ago, under the rationale that longer day length during the bird breeding season at high latitudes increases opportunities for visual predators. Based on other studies investigating the identity of nest predators, we also considered variation in the habitat and nest height.
Location
Global.
Time Period
1994–2020.
Major Taxa Studied
Birds and their nest predators.
Methods
We reviewed studies that report the results of nest monitoring by video or photograph camera and collected data on the identity of nest predators. We then used the activity pattern of the predator species as a proxy to estimate whether predation events were nocturnal or diurnal. We used multivariate logistic and ordinal regressions to investigate whether the probability that nest predators are nocturnal changes with latitude and habitat.
Results
We found that both habitat and latitude explain variation in the circadian type of nest predators. In open habitats, nest predation was more often due to diurnal predators at high latitudes and nocturnal predators near the equator. In forests, on the other hand, nocturnal predator activity patterns were more common closer to the poles.
Main Conclusions
Using meta-analytical methods, we show that predator activity varies across habitats and latitude leading to markedly different consequences of predation for prey. These findings suggest that small-scale environmental factors such as habitat type can strongly affect and even neutralise larger-scale, ecological patterns. We speculate that day length might act along with other biotic and abiotic factors to shape the timing of nest predation in birds.
{"title":"Latitudinal Variation in the Timing of Nest Predator Activity Is Habitat Specific","authors":"Léna de Framond, Clinton D. Francis, Mihai Valcu, Henrik Brumm","doi":"10.1111/geb.13945","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.13945","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The goal of this work was to investigate whether the community of avian nest predators shifts from nocturnal to diurnal with changes in latitude. This hypothesis was formulated 70 years ago, under the rationale that longer day length during the bird breeding season at high latitudes increases opportunities for visual predators. Based on other studies investigating the identity of nest predators, we also considered variation in the habitat and nest height.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>1994–2020.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Birds and their nest predators.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We reviewed studies that report the results of nest monitoring by video or photograph camera and collected data on the identity of nest predators. We then used the activity pattern of the predator species as a proxy to estimate whether predation events were nocturnal or diurnal. We used multivariate logistic and ordinal regressions to investigate whether the probability that nest predators are nocturnal changes with latitude and habitat.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found that both habitat and latitude explain variation in the circadian type of nest predators. In open habitats, nest predation was more often due to diurnal predators at high latitudes and nocturnal predators near the equator. In forests, on the other hand, nocturnal predator activity patterns were more common closer to the poles.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using meta-analytical methods, we show that predator activity varies across habitats and latitude leading to markedly different consequences of predation for prey. These findings suggest that small-scale environmental factors such as habitat type can strongly affect and even neutralise larger-scale, ecological patterns. We speculate that day length might act along with other biotic and abiotic factors to shape the timing of nest predation in birds.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.13945","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vasco V. Branco, César Capinha, Jorge Rocha, Luís Correia, Pedro Cardoso
Motivation
SPECTRE is an open-source database containing standardised spatial data on global environmental and anthropogenic variables that are potential threats to terrestrial species and ecosystems. Its goal is to allow users to swiftly access spatial data on multiple threats at a resolution of 30-arc seconds for all terrestrial areas. Following the standard set by Worldclim, these data allow full comparability and ease of use under common statistical frameworks for global change studies, species distribution modelling, threat assessments, quantification of ecosystem services and disturbance, among multiple other uses. A web user interface, a persistent online repository and an accompanying R package with functions for downloading and manipulating data are provided.
Main Types of Variable Contained
SPECTRE is a GIS product, currently with 21 geoTiff raster layers with an approximate 1 × 1 km resolution.
Spatial Location and Grain
Global (longitude −180–180, latitude −60–90) terrestrial database with a resolution of 30-arc seconds (approximately 1 × 1 km at the equator), converted from global sources of different original spatial grain, from 0.03 × 0.03to 10 × 10 km.
Time Period and Grain
The known time period for all sources present in SPECTRE varies from 1976 to 2020 (all but three after 1990), with a minimum temporal grain of 1 year.
{"title":"SPECTRE: Standardised Global Spatial Data on Terrestrial SPecies and ECosystems ThREats","authors":"Vasco V. Branco, César Capinha, Jorge Rocha, Luís Correia, Pedro Cardoso","doi":"10.1111/geb.13949","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.13949","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Motivation</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>SPECTRE is an open-source database containing standardised spatial data on global environmental and anthropogenic variables that are potential threats to terrestrial species and ecosystems. Its goal is to allow users to swiftly access spatial data on multiple threats at a resolution of 30-arc seconds for all terrestrial areas. Following the standard set by Worldclim, these data allow full comparability and ease of use under common statistical frameworks for global change studies, species distribution modelling, threat assessments, quantification of ecosystem services and disturbance, among multiple other uses. A web user interface, a persistent online repository and an accompanying R package with functions for downloading and manipulating data are provided.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Types of Variable Contained</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>SPECTRE is a GIS product, currently with 21 geoTiff raster layers with an approximate 1 × 1 km resolution.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Spatial Location and Grain</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global (longitude −180–180, latitude −60–90) terrestrial database with a resolution of 30-arc seconds (approximately 1 × 1 km at the equator), converted from global sources of different original spatial grain, from 0.03 × 0.03to 10 × 10 km.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period and Grain</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The known time period for all sources present in SPECTRE varies from 1976 to 2020 (all but three after 1990), with a minimum temporal grain of 1 year.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa and Level of Measurement</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Non-taxa-specific.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Software Format</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>geoTiff and R.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.13949","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francesca Rosa, Peter M. van Bodegom, Stefanie Hellweg, Stephan Pfister, Idoia Biurrun, Steffen Boch, Milan Chytrý, Renata Ćušterevska, Michele Dalle Fratte, Gabriella Damasceno, Emmanuel Garbolino, Jonathan Lenoir, Wim A. Ozinga, Josep Penuelas, Francesco Maria Sabatini, Franziska Schrodt, Domas Uogintas, Chaeho Byun, Jiri Dolezal, Tetiana Dziuba, Bruno Hérault, Irene Martín-Forés, Ülo Niinemets, Gwendolyn Peyre, Laura Scherer
<div> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>Global biodiversity loss resulting from anthropogenic land-use activities is a pressing concern, requiring precise assessments of impacts at large spatial extents. Existing models mainly focus on species richness and abundance, lacking insights into ecological mechanisms and species' roles in ecosystem functioning. To bridge this gap, we conducted an extensive analysis of the impact of human land use on vascular plant functional diversity across diverse land-use classes and bioregions in Europe, comparing it to traditional metrics.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>Europe.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Time Period</h3> <p>1992–2019.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3> <p>Vascular plants.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>Integrating extensive databases of vegetation plots with spatial data on land use and land cover, we paired plots from areas actively used and modified by humans with plots from natural habitats under similar environmental conditions. Using species occurrences and traits, in each plot we computed three complementary functional diversity metrics (functional richness, evenness and divergence), species richness and abundance. We assessed the impact of land use by comparing the metrics in the paired plots.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Our findings revealed that, compared to natural habitats, anthropogenic land use exhibits lower functional richness and divergence but higher functional evenness across most land-use classes and bioregions. The response of functional richness was more marked than the other two metrics and especially pronounced in croplands and urban areas and in northern bioregions. Functional richness exhibited a pattern that did not fully overlap with the trend in species richness, providing useful complementary information.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Main Conclusions</h3> <p>We provide a large-scale precise assessment of anthropogenic land-use impacts on functional diversity across Europe. Our findings indicate that: (i) human disturbance significantly alters plant functional diversity compared to natural habitats; (ii) this alteration goes in the direction of functional homogenisation within sites; (iii) functional diversit
{"title":"Land-Use Impacts on Plant Functional Diversity Throughout Europe","authors":"Francesca Rosa, Peter M. van Bodegom, Stefanie Hellweg, Stephan Pfister, Idoia Biurrun, Steffen Boch, Milan Chytrý, Renata Ćušterevska, Michele Dalle Fratte, Gabriella Damasceno, Emmanuel Garbolino, Jonathan Lenoir, Wim A. Ozinga, Josep Penuelas, Francesco Maria Sabatini, Franziska Schrodt, Domas Uogintas, Chaeho Byun, Jiri Dolezal, Tetiana Dziuba, Bruno Hérault, Irene Martín-Forés, Ülo Niinemets, Gwendolyn Peyre, Laura Scherer","doi":"10.1111/geb.13947","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.13947","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global biodiversity loss resulting from anthropogenic land-use activities is a pressing concern, requiring precise assessments of impacts at large spatial extents. Existing models mainly focus on species richness and abundance, lacking insights into ecological mechanisms and species' roles in ecosystem functioning. To bridge this gap, we conducted an extensive analysis of the impact of human land use on vascular plant functional diversity across diverse land-use classes and bioregions in Europe, comparing it to traditional metrics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Europe.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>1992–2019.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Vascular plants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Integrating extensive databases of vegetation plots with spatial data on land use and land cover, we paired plots from areas actively used and modified by humans with plots from natural habitats under similar environmental conditions. Using species occurrences and traits, in each plot we computed three complementary functional diversity metrics (functional richness, evenness and divergence), species richness and abundance. We assessed the impact of land use by comparing the metrics in the paired plots.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings revealed that, compared to natural habitats, anthropogenic land use exhibits lower functional richness and divergence but higher functional evenness across most land-use classes and bioregions. The response of functional richness was more marked than the other two metrics and especially pronounced in croplands and urban areas and in northern bioregions. Functional richness exhibited a pattern that did not fully overlap with the trend in species richness, providing useful complementary information.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We provide a large-scale precise assessment of anthropogenic land-use impacts on functional diversity across Europe. Our findings indicate that: (i) human disturbance significantly alters plant functional diversity compared to natural habitats; (ii) this alteration goes in the direction of functional homogenisation within sites; (iii) functional diversit","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.13947","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joseph L. Mruzek, William R. Budnick, Chad A. Larson, Sophia I. Passy
Aim
The influences of environmental and spatial processes on species composition have been at the center of metacommunity ecology. Conversely, the relative importance of these processes for species co-occurrences and taxonomic similarity has remained poorly understood. We hypothesised that at a subcontinental scale, shared environmental preference would be the major driver of co-occurrences across species groups. In contrast, co-occurrences due to shared dispersal history were more likely in dispersal-limited taxa. Finally, we tested whether taxa co-occurring due to similar responses to environmental and spatial processes were more taxonomically similar than expected by chance.
Location
The conterminous United States.
Time Period
1993–2019.
Major Taxa Studied
Stream diatoms, insects and fish.
Methods
We generated co-occurrence networks and developed methodology to determine the proportions of nodes and edges explained by pure environment alone (after accounting for space), pure space alone (after accounting for the environment), pure environment and pure space together, and spatially structured environment. Taxonomic similarity of taxa co-occurring because of environmental and/or spatial controls or because of unmeasured processes was compared to that of a null model.
Results
Pure environment alone, spatially structured environment, and pure environment and pure space together explained the greatest proportion of nodes and edges in the co-occurrence networks of diatom species and genera, and insect genera. Conversely, pure environment and pure space together best explained the nodes and edges in the co-occurrence network of fish species and genera. Co-occurring taxa were more closely related than the random expectation in all comparisons.
Main Conclusions
The environment controlled co-occurrences in all groups, while the influence of space was the strongest in fish, the most dispersal-limited group in our study. All co-occurring taxa were more taxonomically related than expected by chance due to environmental or spatial overlap or unaccounted factors.
{"title":"Environmental and Spatial Effects on Co-Occurrence Network Size and Taxonomic Similarity in Stream Diatoms, Insects and Fish","authors":"Joseph L. Mruzek, William R. Budnick, Chad A. Larson, Sophia I. Passy","doi":"10.1111/geb.13935","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.13935","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The influences of environmental and spatial processes on species composition have been at the center of metacommunity ecology. Conversely, the relative importance of these processes for species co-occurrences and taxonomic similarity has remained poorly understood. We hypothesised that at a subcontinental scale, shared environmental preference would be the major driver of co-occurrences across species groups. In contrast, co-occurrences due to shared dispersal history were more likely in dispersal-limited taxa. Finally, we tested whether taxa co-occurring due to similar responses to environmental and spatial processes were more taxonomically similar than expected by chance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The conterminous United States.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>1993–2019.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Stream diatoms, insects and fish.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We generated co-occurrence networks and developed methodology to determine the proportions of nodes and edges explained by pure environment alone (after accounting for space), pure space alone (after accounting for the environment), pure environment and pure space together, and spatially structured environment. Taxonomic similarity of taxa co-occurring because of environmental and/or spatial controls or because of unmeasured processes was compared to that of a null model.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pure environment alone, spatially structured environment, and pure environment and pure space together explained the greatest proportion of nodes and edges in the co-occurrence networks of diatom species and genera, and insect genera. Conversely, pure environment and pure space together best explained the nodes and edges in the co-occurrence network of fish species and genera. Co-occurring taxa were more closely related than the random expectation in all comparisons.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The environment controlled co-occurrences in all groups, while the influence of space was the strongest in fish, the most dispersal-limited group in our study. All co-occurring taxa were more taxonomically related than expected by chance due to environmental or spatial overlap or unaccounted factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Àlex Giménez-Romero, Manuel A. Matías, Carlos M. Duarte
<div> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>To characterise the size and geometry of coral reefs on a global scale.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>Global.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Time Period</h3> <p>Present.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3> <p>Coral reefs.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>We process the Allen Coral Atlas database of shallow-water tropical reefs to obtain a comprehensive and unprecedented inventory of coral reefs worldwide. We analyse different macroecological and morphological patterns, including size distribution, the area-perimeter relationship, inter-reef distance distribution, and the fractal dimension of individual reefs and coral provinces.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>We identified a total of 1,579,772 individual reefs worldwide (> 1000 m<sup>2</sup>), extending over a total of 52,423 km<sup>2</sup> of ocean area with mean and median sizes of 3.32 and 0.3 ha, respectively. We unravelled three universal laws that are common to all coral reef provinces: the size-frequency distribution and the inter-reef distance distribution follow power laws with an exponent of 1.8 and 2.33, respectively. At the same time, the area-perimeter relationship conforms to a power-law with an exponent of 1.26. Furthermore, we demonstrate that coral reefs develop fractal patterns characterised by a perimeter fractal dimension of <span></span><math> <semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mi>P</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1.3</mn> </mrow> <annotation>$$ {D}_P=1.3 $$</annotation> </semantics></math> and a surface fractal dimension of <span></span><math> <semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mi>A</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1.6</mn> </mrow> <annotation>$$ {D}_A=1.6 $$</annotation> </semantics></math>. Our analysis suggests that coral reefs
在全球范围内描述珊瑚礁的大小和几何形状。
{"title":"Unravelling the Universal Spatial Properties of Coral Reefs","authors":"Àlex Giménez-Romero, Manuel A. Matías, Carlos M. Duarte","doi":"10.1111/geb.13939","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.13939","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To characterise the size and geometry of coral reefs on a global scale.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Present.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Coral reefs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We process the Allen Coral Atlas database of shallow-water tropical reefs to obtain a comprehensive and unprecedented inventory of coral reefs worldwide. We analyse different macroecological and morphological patterns, including size distribution, the area-perimeter relationship, inter-reef distance distribution, and the fractal dimension of individual reefs and coral provinces.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We identified a total of 1,579,772 individual reefs worldwide (> 1000 m<sup>2</sup>), extending over a total of 52,423 km<sup>2</sup> of ocean area with mean and median sizes of 3.32 and 0.3 ha, respectively. We unravelled three universal laws that are common to all coral reef provinces: the size-frequency distribution and the inter-reef distance distribution follow power laws with an exponent of 1.8 and 2.33, respectively. At the same time, the area-perimeter relationship conforms to a power-law with an exponent of 1.26. Furthermore, we demonstrate that coral reefs develop fractal patterns characterised by a perimeter fractal dimension of <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>D</mi>\u0000 <mi>P</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <mo>=</mo>\u0000 <mn>1.3</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ {D}_P=1.3 $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> and a surface fractal dimension of <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>D</mi>\u0000 <mi>A</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <mo>=</mo>\u0000 <mn>1.6</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ {D}_A=1.6 $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>. Our analysis suggests that coral reefs","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.13939","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142760400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pablo Yair Huais, Luis Osorio-Olvera, Javier Maximiliano Cordier, Ana N. Tomba, Jorge Soberón, Rafael Loyola, Javier Nori
Aim
We aimed to delimit hotspots for terrestrial threatened vertebrate species (HTV) through novel macroecological and statistical approaches.
Location
Global.
Time Period
Present day (1979–2024).
Major Taxa Studied
Terrestrial threatened vertebrate species (n = 7188).
Methods
In comparison with previous delimitations of hotspots, we: (i) considered richness and degree of endemism together through a robust statistical framework; (ii) focused on a priority set of species extremely important in terms of conservation, based on IUCN threat status; and (iii) used a fine spatial scale which allowed us to define key sub-areas within classic hotspots. We also assessed the degree of protection and human impact within the proposed HTV.
Results
We propose 20 global hotspots for threatened terrestrial vertebrates. In comparison with classic hotspots, proposed HTV have a significantly more limited distribution, covering ~27% of classic hotspots' area. In addition, a large proportion of HTV (~27%) does not match with classic hotspots. The overlap between HTV and protected areas (PAs) is low (< 11%), and extremely low when only strict protected areas are considered (< 1.5%). Also, a great degree of HTV exhibits high to extreme levels of human modification. On average, the velocity of climate change within HTV has been low, but attention must be given to notable areas presenting medium to high velocities. Interestingly, the geographical locations of highly endemic and rich areas considerably varied across individual vertebrate taxa. Yet, a high proportion of these priority areas for individual taxa are covered by the proposed HTV (74%–89%).
Main Conclusions
Our findings present key areas of the world for threatened terrestrial vertebrate species, many of these at high risk due to an interplay among low levels of protection, extreme levels of human modification and climate change. The proposed HTV are highly relevant in terms of decision-making, serving as a guide for allocating the limited conservation resources.
我们旨在通过新的宏观生态学和统计学方法来划定陆地濒危脊椎动物物种（HTV）的热点。
{"title":"Rethinking Global Hotspots for Threatened Terrestrial Vertebrates","authors":"Pablo Yair Huais, Luis Osorio-Olvera, Javier Maximiliano Cordier, Ana N. Tomba, Jorge Soberón, Rafael Loyola, Javier Nori","doi":"10.1111/geb.13942","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.13942","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We aimed to delimit hotspots for terrestrial threatened vertebrate species (HTV) through novel macroecological and statistical approaches.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Present day (1979–2024).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Terrestrial threatened vertebrate species (<i>n</i> = 7188).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In comparison with previous delimitations of hotspots, we: (i) considered richness and degree of endemism together through a robust statistical framework; (ii) focused on a priority set of species extremely important in terms of conservation, based on IUCN threat status; and (iii) used a fine spatial scale which allowed us to define key sub-areas within classic hotspots. We also assessed the degree of protection and human impact within the proposed HTV.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We propose 20 global hotspots for threatened terrestrial vertebrates. In comparison with classic hotspots, proposed HTV have a significantly more limited distribution, covering ~27% of classic hotspots' area. In addition, a large proportion of HTV (~27%) does not match with classic hotspots. The overlap between HTV and protected areas (PAs) is low (< 11%), and extremely low when only strict protected areas are considered (< 1.5%). Also, a great degree of HTV exhibits high to extreme levels of human modification. On average, the velocity of climate change within HTV has been low, but attention must be given to notable areas presenting medium to high velocities. Interestingly, the geographical locations of highly endemic and rich areas considerably varied across individual vertebrate taxa. Yet, a high proportion of these priority areas for individual taxa are covered by the proposed HTV (74%–89%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings present key areas of the world for threatened terrestrial vertebrate species, many of these at high risk due to an interplay among low levels of protection, extreme levels of human modification and climate change. The proposed HTV are highly relevant in terms of decision-making, serving as a guide for allocating the limited conservation resources.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142742803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<div> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>As global change accelerates, accurate predictions of species distributions and biodiversity patterns are critical to limit biodiversity loss. Numerous studies have found that coarse-grain species distribution models (SDMs) perform poorly relative to fine-grain models because they mismatch environmental information with observations. However, it remains unclear how grain-size biases vary in intensity across space and time, possibly generating inaccurate predictions for specific regions, seasons or species. For example, coarse-grain biases may intensify in patchy, discontinuous landscapes. Such biases may accumulate to produce highly misleading estimates of continental and seasonal biodiversity patterns.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>United States and Canada.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Time Period</h3> <p>2004–2021.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3> <p>Birds (Aves).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>We fit presence-absence SDMs characterising the summer and winter distributions of 572 bird species native to the US and Canada across five spatial grains from 1 to 50 km, using observations from the eBird citizen science initiative. We combined these predictions to generate seasonal biodiversity estimates across the US and Canada, which we validated using observations from 322 independent sites.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>We find that in both seasons, 1 km models more accurately predicted species presence, absence and richness at local sites. Coarse-grain models (even at 3 km) consistently under-predicted range area, potentially missing important habitat. This bias intensified during summer (83%–86% of species) when many birds have smaller ‘operational scales’ via localised home ranges while breeding. Biases were greatest in desert regions with patchier habitat and for range-restricted and habitat-specialist species. Predictions based on coarse-grain models overpredicted avian diversity in the west and underpredicted it in the great plains, prairie pothole region and boreal zones.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Main Conclusions</h3> <p>We demonstrate that coarse-grain models can bias seasonal and continental estimates of biodiversity patterns across space and time and that grain-related biases intensify during summer and in patchier landscapes, especially for range-restricted and habitat speciali
{"title":"Fine-Grain Predictions Are Key to Accurately Represent Continental-Scale Biodiversity Patterns","authors":"Jeremy M. Cohen, Walter Jetz","doi":"10.1111/geb.13934","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.13934","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As global change accelerates, accurate predictions of species distributions and biodiversity patterns are critical to limit biodiversity loss. Numerous studies have found that coarse-grain species distribution models (SDMs) perform poorly relative to fine-grain models because they mismatch environmental information with observations. However, it remains unclear how grain-size biases vary in intensity across space and time, possibly generating inaccurate predictions for specific regions, seasons or species. For example, coarse-grain biases may intensify in patchy, discontinuous landscapes. Such biases may accumulate to produce highly misleading estimates of continental and seasonal biodiversity patterns.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>United States and Canada.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>2004–2021.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Birds (Aves).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We fit presence-absence SDMs characterising the summer and winter distributions of 572 bird species native to the US and Canada across five spatial grains from 1 to 50 km, using observations from the eBird citizen science initiative. We combined these predictions to generate seasonal biodiversity estimates across the US and Canada, which we validated using observations from 322 independent sites.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We find that in both seasons, 1 km models more accurately predicted species presence, absence and richness at local sites. Coarse-grain models (even at 3 km) consistently under-predicted range area, potentially missing important habitat. This bias intensified during summer (83%–86% of species) when many birds have smaller ‘operational scales’ via localised home ranges while breeding. Biases were greatest in desert regions with patchier habitat and for range-restricted and habitat-specialist species. Predictions based on coarse-grain models overpredicted avian diversity in the west and underpredicted it in the great plains, prairie pothole region and boreal zones.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We demonstrate that coarse-grain models can bias seasonal and continental estimates of biodiversity patterns across space and time and that grain-related biases intensify during summer and in patchier landscapes, especially for range-restricted and habitat speciali","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142684751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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