T. Zaharinie, Muhammad Amirul Ikmal, Ramizah Rozaimay, Tadashi Ariga
A porous nickel (Ni) was brazed to copper (Cu) and stainless steel 304 (SS304) using VZ2250 and MBF67 brazing filler metal with a composition of 77.4Cu-9.3Sn-7.0Ni-6.3P and 64.5Ni-25Cr-6P-1.5Si (Cu: Copper, Sn: Tin, Ni: Nickel, P: Phosphorus, Cr: Chromium, Si: Silicon), respectively for joint microstructure and mechanical properties analysis. Porous Ni with a pore density of 15 pores per inch (PPI) was sandwiched between Cu/VZ2250 and MBF67/SS304. A brazed joint of Cu/Porous Ni/SS304 with VZ2250 and MBF67 brazing filler metal was prepared in a high vacuum furnace at different brazing times of 5, 10, and 15 minutes for 1015 °C with a heating and cooling rate of 10 °C/min, respectively for comparison purpose. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the brazed joint were investigated to identify the joint ability after the brazing process. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) equipped with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the interfacial microstructure by the formation of the diffusion filler metal (dark grey colour) for the Cu/Porous Ni/SS304 with VZ2250 and MBF67 brazing filler metal. For shear strength tests, the value decreases with an increase in the brazing time. The shear strength tests for the brazed joint of Cu/Porous Ni/SS304 with VZ2250 and MBF67 brazing filler metal show the maximum shear strength test value can be achieved for the brazing time of 5 minutes. The decreasing shear strength value was observed with differences in structural data of porous Ni due to the softening after the brazing process. Keywords: Brazing, Microstructure, Porous Nickel, Shear Strength.
{"title":"Brazing of Porous Nickel to Copper and Stainless Steel: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties","authors":"T. Zaharinie, Muhammad Amirul Ikmal, Ramizah Rozaimay, Tadashi Ariga","doi":"10.4028/p-Zo5w4D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-Zo5w4D","url":null,"abstract":"A porous nickel (Ni) was brazed to copper (Cu) and stainless steel 304 (SS304) using VZ2250 and MBF67 brazing filler metal with a composition of 77.4Cu-9.3Sn-7.0Ni-6.3P and 64.5Ni-25Cr-6P-1.5Si (Cu: Copper, Sn: Tin, Ni: Nickel, P: Phosphorus, Cr: Chromium, Si: Silicon), respectively for joint microstructure and mechanical properties analysis. Porous Ni with a pore density of 15 pores per inch (PPI) was sandwiched between Cu/VZ2250 and MBF67/SS304. A brazed joint of Cu/Porous Ni/SS304 with VZ2250 and MBF67 brazing filler metal was prepared in a high vacuum furnace at different brazing times of 5, 10, and 15 minutes for 1015 °C with a heating and cooling rate of 10 °C/min, respectively for comparison purpose. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the brazed joint were investigated to identify the joint ability after the brazing process. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) equipped with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the interfacial microstructure by the formation of the diffusion filler metal (dark grey colour) for the Cu/Porous Ni/SS304 with VZ2250 and MBF67 brazing filler metal. For shear strength tests, the value decreases with an increase in the brazing time. The shear strength tests for the brazed joint of Cu/Porous Ni/SS304 with VZ2250 and MBF67 brazing filler metal show the maximum shear strength test value can be achieved for the brazing time of 5 minutes. The decreasing shear strength value was observed with differences in structural data of porous Ni due to the softening after the brazing process. Keywords: Brazing, Microstructure, Porous Nickel, Shear Strength.","PeriodicalId":17714,"journal":{"name":"Key Engineering Materials","volume":"98 7","pages":"77 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141683521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nawaf Muteb Alharbi, B. M. Alghamdi, Osama Mohammed Alali, Khalid Nabeel Alfaleh, Abdullah Almohammedalie, Majed Abdesamie, T. Baroud
This study investigates the impact of varied heat treatment parameters on the mechanical and metallurgical characteristics of 9254 steel. Different cylindrical specimens underwent controlled heat treatments targeting three different phases. The interplay of time and temperature was systematically explored to understand their influence on bending strength, bending deflection, hardness, and microstructural evolution. The results revealed that a partially tempered martensitic structure exhibiting an exceptional ultimate strength of 4308 MPa. Achieving this involved a heat treatment, starting at 900°C for 30 minutes, followed by rapid cooling in an oil bath, quenching at 165°C for 5 minutes, annealing at 180°C for 60 minutes, and gradual air-cooling. This treatment regimen produced a specimen with a desirable combination of mechanical properties, showcasing its potential significance in advanced engineering applications.
{"title":"Investigating Different Heat Treatment Methods to Enhance the Mechanical Properties of 9254 Steel","authors":"Nawaf Muteb Alharbi, B. M. Alghamdi, Osama Mohammed Alali, Khalid Nabeel Alfaleh, Abdullah Almohammedalie, Majed Abdesamie, T. Baroud","doi":"10.4028/p-jEt7wn","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-jEt7wn","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the impact of varied heat treatment parameters on the mechanical and metallurgical characteristics of 9254 steel. Different cylindrical specimens underwent controlled heat treatments targeting three different phases. The interplay of time and temperature was systematically explored to understand their influence on bending strength, bending deflection, hardness, and microstructural evolution. The results revealed that a partially tempered martensitic structure exhibiting an exceptional ultimate strength of 4308 MPa. Achieving this involved a heat treatment, starting at 900°C for 30 minutes, followed by rapid cooling in an oil bath, quenching at 165°C for 5 minutes, annealing at 180°C for 60 minutes, and gradual air-cooling. This treatment regimen produced a specimen with a desirable combination of mechanical properties, showcasing its potential significance in advanced engineering applications.","PeriodicalId":17714,"journal":{"name":"Key Engineering Materials","volume":"98 4","pages":"33 - 39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141681859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Hietala, T. Rautio, M. Keskitalo, M. Jaskari, A. Järvenpää
The study investigates the impact of severe shot peening on the fatigue strength of wire arc additively manufactured carbon steel. Initial characterization revealed a material with prominent equiaxed grains and large grain sizes. However, the application of SSP induced a considerable reduction in grain size, particularly on the surface, consequently enhancing the surface's strength and hardness, yet leading to an inhomogeneous structure within the WAAM CS SSP part. Hardness measurements demonstrated a substantial impact on surface hardness, reaching a depth of approximately 0.4 mm, with a 64% increase observed due to SSP, elevating it from an average of 165 HV to a maximum of 270 HV near the surface. Tensile tests on WAAM CS and WAAM CS SSP displayed notable improvements in mechanical properties following SSP treatment. Yield strength increased by approximately 5%, and ultimate tensile strength rose by 2.5%, resulting in a peak tensile strength of 513 MPa. However, this enhancement was accompanied by reduced ductility, evidenced by decreased elongation from 44% in WAAM CS to 35% in WAAM CS SSP. Bending fatigue tests highlighted a significant enhancement in fatigue resistance due to SSP treatment. The fatigue limit increased by 21% from 190 MPa for WAAM CS to 230 MPa for WAAM CS SSP, indicating improved resistance in both low-cycle and high-cycle fatigue regimes. This enhancement in fatigue resistance is attributed to the heightened mechanical strength post-SSP treatment, suggesting a trade-off between increased strength and reduced ductility. The results demonstrate that SSP significantly enhances surface attributes, strength, and fatigue resistance of WAAM CS. This advancement bears implications for engineering applications where enhanced mechanical properties and fatigue resistance are vital, despite the induced trade-offs in material characteristics.
{"title":"Analysing the Impact of Severe Shot Peening on the Fatigue Strength of Wire Arc Additively Manufactured Carbon Steel","authors":"M. Hietala, T. Rautio, M. Keskitalo, M. Jaskari, A. Järvenpää","doi":"10.4028/p-6wFg7e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-6wFg7e","url":null,"abstract":"The study investigates the impact of severe shot peening on the fatigue strength of wire arc additively manufactured carbon steel. Initial characterization revealed a material with prominent equiaxed grains and large grain sizes. However, the application of SSP induced a considerable reduction in grain size, particularly on the surface, consequently enhancing the surface's strength and hardness, yet leading to an inhomogeneous structure within the WAAM CS SSP part. Hardness measurements demonstrated a substantial impact on surface hardness, reaching a depth of approximately 0.4 mm, with a 64% increase observed due to SSP, elevating it from an average of 165 HV to a maximum of 270 HV near the surface. Tensile tests on WAAM CS and WAAM CS SSP displayed notable improvements in mechanical properties following SSP treatment. Yield strength increased by approximately 5%, and ultimate tensile strength rose by 2.5%, resulting in a peak tensile strength of 513 MPa. However, this enhancement was accompanied by reduced ductility, evidenced by decreased elongation from 44% in WAAM CS to 35% in WAAM CS SSP. Bending fatigue tests highlighted a significant enhancement in fatigue resistance due to SSP treatment. The fatigue limit increased by 21% from 190 MPa for WAAM CS to 230 MPa for WAAM CS SSP, indicating improved resistance in both low-cycle and high-cycle fatigue regimes. This enhancement in fatigue resistance is attributed to the heightened mechanical strength post-SSP treatment, suggesting a trade-off between increased strength and reduced ductility. The results demonstrate that SSP significantly enhances surface attributes, strength, and fatigue resistance of WAAM CS. This advancement bears implications for engineering applications where enhanced mechanical properties and fatigue resistance are vital, despite the induced trade-offs in material characteristics.","PeriodicalId":17714,"journal":{"name":"Key Engineering Materials","volume":"28 s81","pages":"15 - 20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141683218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Rautio, Eloïse Roux, M. Jaskari, Aappo Mustakangas, M. Keskitalo, M. Hietala, A. Järvenpää
Additive manufacturing, specifically Laser Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB), has gained prominence for its capability to produce complex near-net-shaped components. While PBF-LB offers advantages such as lightweight construction and cost-effectiveness, post-processing remains crucial to meet specific design requirements. This study investigates the post-processing technique of severe shot peening (SSP) on PBF-LB-manufactured 316L stainless steel, a material widely used for its favorable mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. The research focuses on the enhancement of bending fatigue properties through SSP treatment, examining the influence of material thickness on fatigue behavior. Comparative analysis reveals the effectiveness of SSP in significantly improving fatigue strength irrespective of variations in material thickness. Mechanical properties are explored for different thicknesses subjected to SSP treatment. Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) is employed to scrutinize the surface properties of the samples, providing knowledge on the microstructural changes induced by SSP. The study contributes to the understanding of the role of material thickness in the context of SSP treatment, offering a comprehensive exploration of the mechanical and fatigue characteristics of PBF-LB-manufactured 316L stainless steel.
{"title":"The Influence of Sample Thickness on the Bending Fatigue Performance of PBF-Lb 316L Material","authors":"T. Rautio, Eloïse Roux, M. Jaskari, Aappo Mustakangas, M. Keskitalo, M. Hietala, A. Järvenpää","doi":"10.4028/p-336eCO","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-336eCO","url":null,"abstract":"Additive manufacturing, specifically Laser Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB), has gained prominence for its capability to produce complex near-net-shaped components. While PBF-LB offers advantages such as lightweight construction and cost-effectiveness, post-processing remains crucial to meet specific design requirements. This study investigates the post-processing technique of severe shot peening (SSP) on PBF-LB-manufactured 316L stainless steel, a material widely used for its favorable mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. The research focuses on the enhancement of bending fatigue properties through SSP treatment, examining the influence of material thickness on fatigue behavior. Comparative analysis reveals the effectiveness of SSP in significantly improving fatigue strength irrespective of variations in material thickness. Mechanical properties are explored for different thicknesses subjected to SSP treatment. Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) is employed to scrutinize the surface properties of the samples, providing knowledge on the microstructural changes induced by SSP. The study contributes to the understanding of the role of material thickness in the context of SSP treatment, offering a comprehensive exploration of the mechanical and fatigue characteristics of PBF-LB-manufactured 316L stainless steel.","PeriodicalId":17714,"journal":{"name":"Key Engineering Materials","volume":"143 1","pages":"41 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141681699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stainless steel SS304 is extensively used in dental applications for its high strength, hardness, and corrosion resistance. However, Conventional dental joining techniques such as soldering and fusion welding, reliant on elevated temperatures and toxic fluxes, present substantial oral health risks, leading to potential health deterioration due to toxic emissions. The study proposes the utilization of a microwave hybrid heating process (MHH) for joining stainless steel SS304 (15mm × 7.9mm × 0.2mm) and pure zinc metal powder (44 µm, 99% purity), citing its enhanced efficiency, speed, precision, and diminished environmental footprint as key characteristics without fume. It explores heat processing between 30°C to 60°C and cold temperature processing from 0°C to 10°C to analyze alterations in hardness properties and microstructures. The study identified a direct correlation between temperature and microhardness, observing an increase in microhardness with rising temperatures. Optimal microhardness of 208.6 HV was achieved at 60°C during a 3 min heat treatment. Cold temperatures induced slight deformation and grain transformation, while heat treatment enhanced grain density and hardness, particularly in the strongly bonded boundary layer, with experimental and predicted values using Fuzzy logic showing promising outcomes and errors below 10%. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that achieving a specific hardness value in stainless steel joints is highly desirable for dental applications, alongside the observation of favorable microstructures. These findings underscore the potential of MHH to propel dental technology forward and promote sustainable practices while addressing environmental concerns.
{"title":"Microstructural Analysis and Microhardness Evaluation of Stainless Steel SS304 Joints Utilizing Microwave Hybrid Heating (MHH) and Cold/Heat Processing: A Fuzzy Logic Approach","authors":"W. Tayier, S. Janasekaran, N. Jamadon","doi":"10.4028/p-2Ue7mc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-2Ue7mc","url":null,"abstract":"Stainless steel SS304 is extensively used in dental applications for its high strength, hardness, and corrosion resistance. However, Conventional dental joining techniques such as soldering and fusion welding, reliant on elevated temperatures and toxic fluxes, present substantial oral health risks, leading to potential health deterioration due to toxic emissions. The study proposes the utilization of a microwave hybrid heating process (MHH) for joining stainless steel SS304 (15mm × 7.9mm × 0.2mm) and pure zinc metal powder (44 µm, 99% purity), citing its enhanced efficiency, speed, precision, and diminished environmental footprint as key characteristics without fume. It explores heat processing between 30°C to 60°C and cold temperature processing from 0°C to 10°C to analyze alterations in hardness properties and microstructures. The study identified a direct correlation between temperature and microhardness, observing an increase in microhardness with rising temperatures. Optimal microhardness of 208.6 HV was achieved at 60°C during a 3 min heat treatment. Cold temperatures induced slight deformation and grain transformation, while heat treatment enhanced grain density and hardness, particularly in the strongly bonded boundary layer, with experimental and predicted values using Fuzzy logic showing promising outcomes and errors below 10%. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that achieving a specific hardness value in stainless steel joints is highly desirable for dental applications, alongside the observation of favorable microstructures. These findings underscore the potential of MHH to propel dental technology forward and promote sustainable practices while addressing environmental concerns.","PeriodicalId":17714,"journal":{"name":"Key Engineering Materials","volume":"107 1","pages":"51 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141683471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wisam Imad Imad Adnan, Mohammed Ali Nasser, Haidar Akram Hussein
This study analyse the effects of different wire drawing experimental tests on the die and product properties. Drawing load, temperature, and wear rate are main die factors, that concerned with the interaction effects of drawing speed variation, wire angle alignment and lubrication. For the product, two factors; tensile strength and hardness are taken. A copper wire is drawing from (4.3 mm) into (3.5 mm) diameter with an area reduction of 1.65, 34% ratio.Six dies were employed in various alignments at three different angles (0°, 1°, and 2°), each has two different drawing speeds of (20 mm/min and 40 mm/min). Results show, the highest drawing load and temperature values in die no.5. The effect of using grease on the die wear rate found that the die wear decreases compared to without. But, when using mixed gradients under the same working conditions, the wear rate changed into coating layer on the die surface. The interaction effect of wire alignment on the product strength showing very small when dealing with low or higher speed, but elongation and ductility are significantly reduced with increasing the angle. The wire produced from die no.1, gives the highest micro hardness.
{"title":"A Practical Analysis of Wire Drawing Operation Effects on the Die and Product Behaviors","authors":"Wisam Imad Imad Adnan, Mohammed Ali Nasser, Haidar Akram Hussein","doi":"10.4028/p-wdNcv4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-wdNcv4","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyse the effects of different wire drawing experimental tests on the die and product properties. Drawing load, temperature, and wear rate are main die factors, that concerned with the interaction effects of drawing speed variation, wire angle alignment and lubrication. For the product, two factors; tensile strength and hardness are taken. A copper wire is drawing from (4.3 mm) into (3.5 mm) diameter with an area reduction of 1.65, 34% ratio.Six dies were employed in various alignments at three different angles (0°, 1°, and 2°), each has two different drawing speeds of (20 mm/min and 40 mm/min). Results show, the highest drawing load and temperature values in die no.5. The effect of using grease on the die wear rate found that the die wear decreases compared to without. But, when using mixed gradients under the same working conditions, the wear rate changed into coating layer on the die surface. The interaction effect of wire alignment on the product strength showing very small when dealing with low or higher speed, but elongation and ductility are significantly reduced with increasing the angle. The wire produced from die no.1, gives the highest micro hardness.","PeriodicalId":17714,"journal":{"name":"Key Engineering Materials","volume":"90 s384","pages":"117 - 130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141682631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nithia Kumar, Muhammad Safwan Mohd Mansor, Irfan Anjum Badruddin, Mohamed Hussein, S. Kamangar
This research is a finite element simulation on resistance spot welding (RSW) process between dissimilar sheet metals consist of Titanium alloy, Ti-6Al-4V and Austenitic Stainless Steel (ASS) 316L. The problem statement was inability to visualize the stress concentration profile over weld nugget joint when Titanium alloy and steel welded with variable electrode geometry of circle, triangle, square and hexagon. To determine the best geometry for best weld with lowest maximum stress concentration. The methodology of simulation was tensile-shear test using SOLIDWORKS software. The tensile-stress load of 664.09 N was applied across all 4 different weld geometries. The result for the lowest magnitude of maximum stress 180.6 MPa was on circle weld geometry. Triangle geometry registered highest stress concentration of 219.6 MPa. This proves that most common weld geometry used in industry was circle. Even for dissimilar material joint the result supports that circle weld geometry as the best geometry. Keywords: Resistance spot welding (RSW), stress concentration, weld nugget, weld geometry.
{"title":"Stress Concentration Modelling on Resistance Spot Welding Lap Joint of Steel ASS316L and Titanium Ti-6Al-4V with Variable Weld Geometries","authors":"Nithia Kumar, Muhammad Safwan Mohd Mansor, Irfan Anjum Badruddin, Mohamed Hussein, S. Kamangar","doi":"10.4028/p-uSG7cu","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-uSG7cu","url":null,"abstract":"This research is a finite element simulation on resistance spot welding (RSW) process between dissimilar sheet metals consist of Titanium alloy, Ti-6Al-4V and Austenitic Stainless Steel (ASS) 316L. The problem statement was inability to visualize the stress concentration profile over weld nugget joint when Titanium alloy and steel welded with variable electrode geometry of circle, triangle, square and hexagon. To determine the best geometry for best weld with lowest maximum stress concentration. The methodology of simulation was tensile-shear test using SOLIDWORKS software. The tensile-stress load of 664.09 N was applied across all 4 different weld geometries. The result for the lowest magnitude of maximum stress 180.6 MPa was on circle weld geometry. Triangle geometry registered highest stress concentration of 219.6 MPa. This proves that most common weld geometry used in industry was circle. Even for dissimilar material joint the result supports that circle weld geometry as the best geometry. Keywords: Resistance spot welding (RSW), stress concentration, weld nugget, weld geometry.","PeriodicalId":17714,"journal":{"name":"Key Engineering Materials","volume":"67 S305","pages":"87 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141683305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Noor Elyna Ezette Anuar, Amares Singh, Michelle Leong Mei Kit, Hui Leng Choo, Rajkumar Durairaj, S. Janasekaran
The current study proposes to investigate the thermal, wettability and mechanical properties of a low temperature SnBi solder. The main aim is to investigate the performance of the SnBi solder alloy with different Bi composition. The study also establishes the relationship between melting temperature, spreading area and tensile stress of the SnBi with different Bi composition at different low reflow temperatures. The thermal and wettability tests are conducted experimentally, while the mechanical test will be analysed via finite element analyses (FEA). The single shear lap test method was adopted for the simulation. The thermal properties of the SnBi solder are investigated using the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The reflow temperature selected ranges from 160 °C to 220 °C to accommodate the purpose of low temperature soldering. Wetting test results showed that spreading area of Sn48Bi solder alloy increased to 28.1 and 42.88 at 180 °C and 210 °C respectively. The increase in the Bi composition reduced the tensile strength regardless of the increase of the reflow temperature. The preliminary results commend the characteristics of the SnBi solder as a possible alternative to the Pb solder.
目前的研究提议调查低温锡铋焊料的热性能、润湿性能和机械性能。主要目的是研究不同 Bi 成分的锡铋焊料合金的性能。研究还确定了在不同的低回流温度下，不同铋成分的铋硒焊料的熔化温度、铺展面积和拉伸应力之间的关系。热测试和润湿性测试通过实验进行，而机械测试将通过有限元分析（FEA）进行分析。模拟采用了单剪切搭接试验方法。使用差示扫描量热仪（DSC）研究了铋锡焊料的热性能。为满足低温焊接的目的，选择的回流焊温度范围为 160 °C 至 220 °C。润湿测试结果表明，在 180 ℃ 和 210 ℃ 时，Sn48Bi 焊料合金的铺展面积分别增加到 28.1 和 42.88。无论回流焊温度如何升高，铋成分的增加都会降低拉伸强度。初步结果表明，锡铋焊料具有可替代铅焊料的特性。
{"title":"Investigation on the Thermal and Wettability Properties Aided with Mechanical Test Simulation of Tin (Sn) - Bismuth (Bi) Solder Alloy at Low Reflow Temperatures","authors":"Noor Elyna Ezette Anuar, Amares Singh, Michelle Leong Mei Kit, Hui Leng Choo, Rajkumar Durairaj, S. Janasekaran","doi":"10.4028/p-aVXW5D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-aVXW5D","url":null,"abstract":"The current study proposes to investigate the thermal, wettability and mechanical properties of a low temperature SnBi solder. The main aim is to investigate the performance of the SnBi solder alloy with different Bi composition. The study also establishes the relationship between melting temperature, spreading area and tensile stress of the SnBi with different Bi composition at different low reflow temperatures. The thermal and wettability tests are conducted experimentally, while the mechanical test will be analysed via finite element analyses (FEA). The single shear lap test method was adopted for the simulation. The thermal properties of the SnBi solder are investigated using the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The reflow temperature selected ranges from 160 °C to 220 °C to accommodate the purpose of low temperature soldering. Wetting test results showed that spreading area of Sn48Bi solder alloy increased to 28.1 and 42.88 at 180 °C and 210 °C respectively. The increase in the Bi composition reduced the tensile strength regardless of the increase of the reflow temperature. The preliminary results commend the characteristics of the SnBi solder as a possible alternative to the Pb solder.","PeriodicalId":17714,"journal":{"name":"Key Engineering Materials","volume":"16 4","pages":"99 - 114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141682442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this work is to evaluate the characteristics of continuous precipitates (CP) developed within the grain and grain boundary precipitates through statistical analysis of the number density and size (i.e., length and width) at varying aging conditions of AZ80 Mg alloy. Scanning electron microscopy illustrates the characteristics and features of precipitates, distinctively. The results reveal an increment of number density, whereas the reduction in the size of precipitates with decrease in the aging temperature for the varying aging times. The variation in hardness values at different aging conditions has been ascribed to this.
{"title":"Influence of Aging Condition on the Characteristics of Continuous Precipitates of AZ80 Magnesium Alloy","authors":"A. Zindal, Jayant Jain","doi":"10.4028/p-Fp7ign","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-Fp7ign","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work is to evaluate the characteristics of continuous precipitates (CP) developed within the grain and grain boundary precipitates through statistical analysis of the number density and size (i.e., length and width) at varying aging conditions of AZ80 Mg alloy. Scanning electron microscopy illustrates the characteristics and features of precipitates, distinctively. The results reveal an increment of number density, whereas the reduction in the size of precipitates with decrease in the aging temperature for the varying aging times. The variation in hardness values at different aging conditions has been ascribed to this.","PeriodicalId":17714,"journal":{"name":"Key Engineering Materials","volume":"55 2","pages":"21 - 26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141683380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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