This research studied the properties of the green composite concrete for paving blocks comprised of the non-biodegradable wastes of PET bottle flake (15-35 wt%), metalized plastic film from food packaging (0-5 wt%), colored glass powder (5-15 wt%), and ground tire rubber (5-20 wt%) as low cost and ecofriendly reinforced materials. The various concentrations of those wastes in the concrete can be grouped into 14 compositions. The properties of the composite paving blocks were compared to those of standard concrete in terms of density moisture absorption, water absorption, and compressive strength. The results showed that the standard paving blocks had better properties than those of composite paving blocks. The combination of colored glass powder in the concrete can enhance all properties of the concrete block; moreover, the insertion of scrap tires can improve moisture absorption property. However, the addition of metalized plastic, and plastic bottle wastes induced the void inside the concrete decreasing the properties of the concrete.
本研究对铺路块用绿色复合混凝土的性能进行了研究，该混凝土由不可降解的废弃物 PET 瓶片（15-35 wt%）、食品包装金属化塑料薄膜（0-5 wt%）、彩色玻璃粉（5-15 wt%）和磨碎的轮胎橡胶（5-20 wt%）组成，是一种低成本且环保的增强材料。这些废弃物在混凝土中的不同浓度可分为 14 种成分。在密度吸湿性、吸水性和抗压强度方面，将复合铺路砖的性能与标准混凝土的性能进行了比较。结果表明，标准铺路砌块的性能优于复合铺路砌块。在混凝土中加入彩色玻璃粉可以提高混凝土砌块的各项性能；此外，加入废轮胎可以提高吸湿性能。然而，金属化塑料和塑料瓶废料的加入会导致混凝土内部空洞，从而降低混凝土的性能。
{"title":"Green Composite Concrete Incorporating with Non-Biodegradable Wastes","authors":"Laongdaw Techawinyutham, Phattaraporn Maksirikul, Paimuang Nannalin, Wiroj Techawinyutham","doi":"10.4028/p-l6mbsu","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-l6mbsu","url":null,"abstract":"This research studied the properties of the green composite concrete for paving blocks comprised of the non-biodegradable wastes of PET bottle flake (15-35 wt%), metalized plastic film from food packaging (0-5 wt%), colored glass powder (5-15 wt%), and ground tire rubber (5-20 wt%) as low cost and ecofriendly reinforced materials. The various concentrations of those wastes in the concrete can be grouped into 14 compositions. The properties of the composite paving blocks were compared to those of standard concrete in terms of density moisture absorption, water absorption, and compressive strength. The results showed that the standard paving blocks had better properties than those of composite paving blocks. The combination of colored glass powder in the concrete can enhance all properties of the concrete block; moreover, the insertion of scrap tires can improve moisture absorption property. However, the addition of metalized plastic, and plastic bottle wastes induced the void inside the concrete decreasing the properties of the concrete.","PeriodicalId":17714,"journal":{"name":"Key Engineering Materials","volume":"19 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141660923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polymeric materials were modified by nanoparticles on powder (NPP) facility in which metal nanoparticles (Cu, Cu/Zn alloy etc.) are formed on the surface of rotating carrier powder by using physical vapor deposition process untile the metal content reached 0.3wt.%. The polymer material with metal nanoparticles deposited on their surface through the NPP process was then added to the raw polymer material at a ratio of 1 to 9. The mixture of modified polymer powder and raw polymer powder were then processd into a film by conventional processes such as hot melting, extrusion, T-die, and antibacterial characteristics of the film were investigated. We ultimately manufactured antibacterial food package using the film and conducted preservation test for two weeks at room temperature. Since food package containing 0.03wt.% Cu nanoparticles showed over 99.9% bacteria reduction rate, it slowed down the progress of deterioration significantly compared to conventional packages. For safety evaluation, the amount of copper released out was analyzed and a cytotoxicity test was also conducted.
{"title":"Antibacterial Food Packaging Containing Stably Dispersed Cu Nanoparticles Synthesized by Novel Physical Vapor Deposition Process","authors":"Sanghoon Lee, Ho Seok Lee, Seok Keun Koh","doi":"10.4028/p-y3thxa","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-y3thxa","url":null,"abstract":"Polymeric materials were modified by nanoparticles on powder (NPP) facility in which metal nanoparticles (Cu, Cu/Zn alloy etc.) are formed on the surface of rotating carrier powder by using physical vapor deposition process untile the metal content reached 0.3wt.%. The polymer material with metal nanoparticles deposited on their surface through the NPP process was then added to the raw polymer material at a ratio of 1 to 9. The mixture of modified polymer powder and raw polymer powder were then processd into a film by conventional processes such as hot melting, extrusion, T-die, and antibacterial characteristics of the film were investigated. We ultimately manufactured antibacterial food package using the film and conducted preservation test for two weeks at room temperature. Since food package containing 0.03wt.% Cu nanoparticles showed over 99.9% bacteria reduction rate, it slowed down the progress of deterioration significantly compared to conventional packages. For safety evaluation, the amount of copper released out was analyzed and a cytotoxicity test was also conducted.","PeriodicalId":17714,"journal":{"name":"Key Engineering Materials","volume":"4 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141662739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Computational methods become a necessity at places where the fields of testing as well as lab model testing poses problems or situations demanding large number of test results at low cost. The accuracy of the computational model can be adjusted by convergence study. The present study uses finite element method for finding static behaviour of sandwich plates having functionally graded core. Power law is employed for quantification of the material properties and zig-zag theory is utilized for the analysis. Hamilton’s theorem is exploited for deriving the equation which is resolved by FEM by taking nine-node C-0 iso-parametric FE having 11 DOF/node. Aspect ratio, power law coefficient and skewness of plate are used as variables to study the bending response of the plate. Present results are found to be consistent with the published ones and new results are also presented.
{"title":"Finite Element Analysis of Functionally Graded Sandwich Plates","authors":"Simmi Gupta, H. D. Chalak","doi":"10.4028/p-i4alau","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-i4alau","url":null,"abstract":"Computational methods become a necessity at places where the fields of testing as well as lab model testing poses problems or situations demanding large number of test results at low cost. The accuracy of the computational model can be adjusted by convergence study. The present study uses finite element method for finding static behaviour of sandwich plates having functionally graded core. Power law is employed for quantification of the material properties and zig-zag theory is utilized for the analysis. Hamilton’s theorem is exploited for deriving the equation which is resolved by FEM by taking nine-node C-0 iso-parametric FE having 11 DOF/node. Aspect ratio, power law coefficient and skewness of plate are used as variables to study the bending response of the plate. Present results are found to be consistent with the published ones and new results are also presented.","PeriodicalId":17714,"journal":{"name":"Key Engineering Materials","volume":"80 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141662962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel G.W. Rodrigues, C. M. Stolz, Bruno B.F. da Costa, Mayara Amario, A. N. Haddad
The determination of minimum performance criteria for residential buildings has encouraged the development of new technologies by companies linked to the construction industry. In this context, the acoustic performance of floor systems is of great importance. One of the solutions to improve the performance of these systems is the incorporation of lightweight aggregates to replace natural fine aggregates in the subfloor mortars, with the aim of attenuating the noise caused by impact, thus improving acoustic performance. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the properties of a subfloor mortar in a 1:4 ratio (cement:sand), with the incorporation of silicone mold residue, replacing natural fine aggregate, in proportions of 10%, 20%, and 30%. %, and a water/cement ratio (w/c) of 0.93. Tests were performed in the fresh and hardened state, such as incorporated air content, mass density, consistency index, flexural tensile strength, compressive strength, water absorption by capillarity, in addition to a specific test to determine the difference in sound pressure level between specimens. The results indicated that the mortar consistency was influenced by the incorporation of waste, increasing with its incorporation. The increase in consistency positively influenced the mechanical resistance of the mortars, which showed an increase with higher residue content, due to the reduction in the amount of voids. Consequently, densities also increased with high waste content. The acoustic test showed satisfactory results, with good attenuation of 10%, indicating an 8 dB improvement in the sound pressure level. The results presented show that the residue has great potential for acoustic attenuation.
{"title":"Incorporation of Silicone Mold Residues Influence on Acoustic Properties of Subfloor Mortars","authors":"Daniel G.W. Rodrigues, C. M. Stolz, Bruno B.F. da Costa, Mayara Amario, A. N. Haddad","doi":"10.4028/p-oskg8x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-oskg8x","url":null,"abstract":"The determination of minimum performance criteria for residential buildings has encouraged the development of new technologies by companies linked to the construction industry. In this context, the acoustic performance of floor systems is of great importance. One of the solutions to improve the performance of these systems is the incorporation of lightweight aggregates to replace natural fine aggregates in the subfloor mortars, with the aim of attenuating the noise caused by impact, thus improving acoustic performance. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the properties of a subfloor mortar in a 1:4 ratio (cement:sand), with the incorporation of silicone mold residue, replacing natural fine aggregate, in proportions of 10%, 20%, and 30%. %, and a water/cement ratio (w/c) of 0.93. Tests were performed in the fresh and hardened state, such as incorporated air content, mass density, consistency index, flexural tensile strength, compressive strength, water absorption by capillarity, in addition to a specific test to determine the difference in sound pressure level between specimens. The results indicated that the mortar consistency was influenced by the incorporation of waste, increasing with its incorporation. The increase in consistency positively influenced the mechanical resistance of the mortars, which showed an increase with higher residue content, due to the reduction in the amount of voids. Consequently, densities also increased with high waste content. The acoustic test showed satisfactory results, with good attenuation of 10%, indicating an 8 dB improvement in the sound pressure level. The results presented show that the residue has great potential for acoustic attenuation.","PeriodicalId":17714,"journal":{"name":"Key Engineering Materials","volume":"17 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141661097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Conventional wastewater treatment technologies have been extensively studied for degrading organic matter, suspended solids, nutrient removal, and lowering microbial loads. They produce acceptable-quality effluent, but researchers have reported several limitations. Recently, advanced wastewater treatment technologies have preceded as an alternative to the degradation of recalcitrant wastes such as persistent organic compounds (POPs), pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs), contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), and heavy metals (H.M). They can be physical, chemical, biological, or integration between one or more technologies. This is to meet the requirements for reuse for different purposes, minimize or prevent the negative impacts on the environment, and create new untraditional water resources to solve the water shortage problem. This article is a collected review of advanced wastewater treatment technologies. Also, the applications of these technologies with special concern for partially/hardly degradable pollutants from wastewater are indicated. They are eco-friendly, cost-effective, low-energy systems with a small footprint. Their selection depends on the characterization of wastewater, biodegradability, available footprint, quality of treated effluent required, cost, availability of funds, and personal skills.
{"title":"Advanced Treatment Technologies for Pollutants Removal in Wastewater","authors":"M. Fawzy, H. Ahmed, Hossam F. Nassar","doi":"10.4028/p-0bwb2m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-0bwb2m","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional wastewater treatment technologies have been extensively studied for degrading organic matter, suspended solids, nutrient removal, and lowering microbial loads. They produce acceptable-quality effluent, but researchers have reported several limitations. Recently, advanced wastewater treatment technologies have preceded as an alternative to the degradation of recalcitrant wastes such as persistent organic compounds (POPs), pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs), contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), and heavy metals (H.M). They can be physical, chemical, biological, or integration between one or more technologies. This is to meet the requirements for reuse for different purposes, minimize or prevent the negative impacts on the environment, and create new untraditional water resources to solve the water shortage problem. This article is a collected review of advanced wastewater treatment technologies. Also, the applications of these technologies with special concern for partially/hardly degradable pollutants from wastewater are indicated. They are eco-friendly, cost-effective, low-energy systems with a small footprint. Their selection depends on the characterization of wastewater, biodegradability, available footprint, quality of treated effluent required, cost, availability of funds, and personal skills.","PeriodicalId":17714,"journal":{"name":"Key Engineering Materials","volume":"13 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141661428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nur Amirah Mohd Zahri, Yukio Miyashita, Tadashi Ariga, A. S. Md. Abdul Haseeb, N. L. Sukiman
Copper (Cu) foam is a promising material that owns a high surface area that can be utilized in a thermal application. In this research, the brazing of Cu substrate to Cu foam in the sandwich configuration using Cu alloy filler foil was carried out. The foam at different pore per inch (PPI) of 15, 25 and 50 are brazed at different brazing temperatures. Mechanical and microstructure analysis were conducted to investigate a suitable brazing temperature and the best pore density of foam. The compressive strength of brazed 50 PPI foam has yielded the highest due to the highly dense interconnected branches. While the highest shear strength of brazed interface using 15 PPI foam has been recorded. The large branch size of 15 PPI foam has contributed to the sound joint between the brazed joint interface of Cu substrate and foam. Both mechanicals analysis above exhibits a highest strength at 660 °C as a brazing temperature The shear stress-strain curve of Cu substrate and foam brazed joint interface shows a brittle behaviour which accordance with the discoverable brittle phases of Cu3P and Ni3P using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) have presented the formation of Cu3P and Ni3P at the brazed joint interface of Cu substrate and foam.
泡沫铜（Cu）是一种很有前途的材料，它具有很高的表面积，可用于热应用领域。在这项研究中，使用铜合金填充箔对夹层结构中的铜基板和铜泡沫进行了钎焊。在不同的钎焊温度下，对每英寸孔隙数（PPI）为 15、25 和 50 的泡沫进行了钎焊。为研究合适的钎焊温度和泡沫的最佳孔隙密度，进行了机械和微观结构分析。钎焊 50 PPI 泡沫的抗压强度最高，这是因为其相互连接的分支高度致密。而 15 PPI 泡沫钎焊界面的剪切强度最高。15 PPI 泡沫的大分支尺寸有助于铜基材和泡沫的钎焊界面之间的良好连接。铜基板和泡沫钎焊接合界面的剪切应力-应变曲线显示出脆性行为，这与使用 X 射线衍射 (XRD) 发现的 Cu3P 和 Ni3P 脆性相相符。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和能量色散 X 射线光谱（EDX）显示，在铜基板和泡沫的钎焊接合界面上形成了 Cu3P 和 Ni3P。
{"title":"Brazing of Copper Foam Using Cu-4.0Sn-9.9Ni-7.8P Filler Foil: Effect of Brazing Temperature and Copper Foam Pore Density","authors":"Nur Amirah Mohd Zahri, Yukio Miyashita, Tadashi Ariga, A. S. Md. Abdul Haseeb, N. L. Sukiman","doi":"10.4028/p-tB1ZF5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-tB1ZF5","url":null,"abstract":"Copper (Cu) foam is a promising material that owns a high surface area that can be utilized in a thermal application. In this research, the brazing of Cu substrate to Cu foam in the sandwich configuration using Cu alloy filler foil was carried out. The foam at different pore per inch (PPI) of 15, 25 and 50 are brazed at different brazing temperatures. Mechanical and microstructure analysis were conducted to investigate a suitable brazing temperature and the best pore density of foam. The compressive strength of brazed 50 PPI foam has yielded the highest due to the highly dense interconnected branches. While the highest shear strength of brazed interface using 15 PPI foam has been recorded. The large branch size of 15 PPI foam has contributed to the sound joint between the brazed joint interface of Cu substrate and foam. Both mechanicals analysis above exhibits a highest strength at 660 °C as a brazing temperature The shear stress-strain curve of Cu substrate and foam brazed joint interface shows a brittle behaviour which accordance with the discoverable brittle phases of Cu3P and Ni3P using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) have presented the formation of Cu3P and Ni3P at the brazed joint interface of Cu substrate and foam.","PeriodicalId":17714,"journal":{"name":"Key Engineering Materials","volume":"50 s176","pages":"67 - 76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141682260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A modification cutting tool is a type of cutting tool that can be altered or adjusted to change its cutting properties. This can include changing the angle or shape of the cutting edge, adjusting the depth of cut, or modifying the material or coating used on the tool. These modifications allow for greater precision and efficiency in cutting operations, particularly in industries for manufacturing and construction different products. Ceramic materials can be used in coatings to provide a variety of benefits, such as corrosion, wear resistance , and thermal insulation. They also offer high hardness, low friction, and chemical stability. Ceramic coatings can be applied to various substrates including metals and ceramic. Modification of cutting tools using nanomaterial deposition is a promising approach to enhance their performance and durability. The process involves depositing one or more layer of nanosized particles onto the surface of the cutting tool, which can improve its mechanical, thermal, and tribological properties. Keywords: Ceramic materials ; coating ;cutting tools; coating process.
{"title":"The Role of Ceramic Materials in Surface Modification of Cutting Tools - A Review Paper","authors":"W. Asaad, Shaima’a J. Kareem, H. Al-Ethari","doi":"10.4028/p-V9hXic","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-V9hXic","url":null,"abstract":"A modification cutting tool is a type of cutting tool that can be altered or adjusted to change its cutting properties. This can include changing the angle or shape of the cutting edge, adjusting the depth of cut, or modifying the material or coating used on the tool. These modifications allow for greater precision and efficiency in cutting operations, particularly in industries for manufacturing and construction different products. Ceramic materials can be used in coatings to provide a variety of benefits, such as corrosion, wear resistance , and thermal insulation. They also offer high hardness, low friction, and chemical stability. Ceramic coatings can be applied to various substrates including metals and ceramic. Modification of cutting tools using nanomaterial deposition is a promising approach to enhance their performance and durability. The process involves depositing one or more layer of nanosized particles onto the surface of the cutting tool, which can improve its mechanical, thermal, and tribological properties. Keywords: Ceramic materials ; coating ;cutting tools; coating process.","PeriodicalId":17714,"journal":{"name":"Key Engineering Materials","volume":"165 1","pages":"131 - 146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141681673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Surface and sub-surface related degradation of steels can be minimized using suitable surface coatings. High entropy alloys (HEA) are prominent and emerging materials among many coating materials. The current study investigates the effect of heat treatment of HEA coating on mechanical, metallurgical, and corrosion properties. The HEA coatings on SS304 steel were deposited using a High-Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF) thermal spray process. The developed coatings were furnace heat treated at 700 °C, 900 °C, and 1100 °C, respectively, and their performance was benchmarked with the as-sprayed coatings. The metallurgical, mechanical, and microstructural analyses were performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Nanoindentation, Scratch test, and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) techniques. The corrosion response of the as sprayed and heat-treated coatings were recorded using a Potentiostat. The results indicated that as-sprayed coatings consisted of a single-phase BCC solid solution; however, the single-phase changed to a dual dual-phase system after heat treatment (BCC+FCC). The 900 °C heat-treated HEA coating exhibited superior mechanical and corrosion properties. But those characteristics started diminishing when the heat treatment temperature exceeded 900 °C. The introduction of the new FCC phase softened the coating, thereby leading to the evolution of microcracks in the coating. These micro-cracks acted as channels for electrolyte diffusion and further corroded the coatings. The current study surmised that HVOF-sprayed HEA coating should not be heat treated at above 900 °C.
使用合适的表面涂层可以最大限度地减少钢材的表面和次表面降解。在众多涂层材料中，高熵合金（HEA）是一种突出的新兴材料。本研究调查了 HEA 涂层热处理对机械、冶金和腐蚀特性的影响。SS304 钢上的 HEA 涂层采用高速氧燃料（HVOF）热喷涂工艺沉积。开发出的涂层分别在 700 ℃、900 ℃ 和 1100 ℃ 下进行了熔炉热处理，并将其性能与原喷涂涂层进行了对比。使用 X 射线衍射 (XRD)、纳米压痕、划痕测试和场发射扫描电子显微镜 (FESEM) 技术进行了冶金、机械和微观结构分析。使用恒电位仪记录了喷涂和热处理涂层的腐蚀反应。结果表明，喷涂后的涂层由单相 BCC 固溶体组成；但在热处理后，单相变成了双双相体系（BCC+FCC）。经过 900 °C 热处理的 HEA 涂层具有优异的机械性能和腐蚀性能。但当热处理温度超过 900 ℃ 时，这些特性开始减弱。新的 FCC 相的引入软化了涂层，从而导致涂层中出现微裂纹。这些微裂缝成为电解质扩散的通道，并进一步腐蚀涂层。本次研究推测，HVOF 喷射的 HEA 涂层不应在 900 °C 以上的温度下进行热处理。
{"title":"Effect of Heat Treatment on Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Response of HVOF Sprayed High Entropy Alloy Coatings","authors":"N. Abhijith, Deepak Kumar, Karun Rawat","doi":"10.4028/p-UVGG3f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-UVGG3f","url":null,"abstract":"Surface and sub-surface related degradation of steels can be minimized using suitable surface coatings. High entropy alloys (HEA) are prominent and emerging materials among many coating materials. The current study investigates the effect of heat treatment of HEA coating on mechanical, metallurgical, and corrosion properties. The HEA coatings on SS304 steel were deposited using a High-Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF) thermal spray process. The developed coatings were furnace heat treated at 700 °C, 900 °C, and 1100 °C, respectively, and their performance was benchmarked with the as-sprayed coatings. The metallurgical, mechanical, and microstructural analyses were performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Nanoindentation, Scratch test, and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) techniques. The corrosion response of the as sprayed and heat-treated coatings were recorded using a Potentiostat. The results indicated that as-sprayed coatings consisted of a single-phase BCC solid solution; however, the single-phase changed to a dual dual-phase system after heat treatment (BCC+FCC). The 900 °C heat-treated HEA coating exhibited superior mechanical and corrosion properties. But those characteristics started diminishing when the heat treatment temperature exceeded 900 °C. The introduction of the new FCC phase softened the coating, thereby leading to the evolution of microcracks in the coating. These micro-cracks acted as channels for electrolyte diffusion and further corroded the coatings. The current study surmised that HVOF-sprayed HEA coating should not be heat treated at above 900 °C.","PeriodicalId":17714,"journal":{"name":"Key Engineering Materials","volume":"54 2","pages":"3 - 8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141682320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present study, the production of aluminum foam was carried out using the powder metallurgy technique, specifically employing the sintering – dissolution process (SDP). The SDP method, which constitutes a sequential series of four well-defined steps, was employed to achieve the desired foam structure and properties. These steps involved carefully controlling the parameters and conditions throughout the process to ensure successful foam formation. Aluminum powder with a particle size of (1.99 μm) as a raw material was mixed with NaCl with a particle size between (150-425μm) used as a space holder at different ratio (25, 35, 45and 55 wt. %.). Obtained Al-foam with 45% NaCl demonstrated the most optimal structure. Some additives (Mg) added to the powder mixture, it was found that the mechanical and the tribological properties of the produced foam were improved. The introduction of metal’s micro-particles led to a notable enhancement in both compressive stress and micro-hardness, the compressive stress increased substantially from 15.2 MPa to 56.5 MPa for the foam containing 45% NaCl and 45% NaCl + Add., respectively. While the micro-hardness exhibited a noteworthy increase from 51.5 HV to 62.1 HV. Results also showed important reduction in the wear rate from (0.00000155 g/cm) to (0.00000079 g/cm) for the Al-samples of (45% NaCl) and (45% NaCl+ Additive) respectively, the lowest value recorded for the coefficient of friction was (0.15) for (Al-Foam with 45% NaCl + Additive) compare to (0.19) and (0.21) for (Al-foam with 45% NaCl) and (pure Al) respectively at 10 N applied load and 800 rpm.
{"title":"Fabrication and Evaluation of Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Al-Foam Produced by Powder Metallurgy Route","authors":"Amir Ali Mohammed, Haidar Akram Hussein","doi":"10.4028/p-bH7i4s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-bH7i4s","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, the production of aluminum foam was carried out using the powder metallurgy technique, specifically employing the sintering – dissolution process (SDP). The SDP method, which constitutes a sequential series of four well-defined steps, was employed to achieve the desired foam structure and properties. These steps involved carefully controlling the parameters and conditions throughout the process to ensure successful foam formation. Aluminum powder with a particle size of (1.99 μm) as a raw material was mixed with NaCl with a particle size between (150-425μm) used as a space holder at different ratio (25, 35, 45and 55 wt. %.). Obtained Al-foam with 45% NaCl demonstrated the most optimal structure. Some additives (Mg) added to the powder mixture, it was found that the mechanical and the tribological properties of the produced foam were improved. The introduction of metal’s micro-particles led to a notable enhancement in both compressive stress and micro-hardness, the compressive stress increased substantially from 15.2 MPa to 56.5 MPa for the foam containing 45% NaCl and 45% NaCl + Add., respectively. While the micro-hardness exhibited a noteworthy increase from 51.5 HV to 62.1 HV. Results also showed important reduction in the wear rate from (0.00000155 g/cm) to (0.00000079 g/cm) for the Al-samples of (45% NaCl) and (45% NaCl+ Additive) respectively, the lowest value recorded for the coefficient of friction was (0.15) for (Al-Foam with 45% NaCl + Additive) compare to (0.19) and (0.21) for (Al-foam with 45% NaCl) and (pure Al) respectively at 10 N applied load and 800 rpm.","PeriodicalId":17714,"journal":{"name":"Key Engineering Materials","volume":"80 1","pages":"147 - 164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141683893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Rautio, M. Jaskari, M. Hietala, Aappo Mustakangas, M. Keskitalo, A. Järvenpää
Titanium alloys are highly valued in various industries due to their exceptional qualities. This study examines how the build orientation affects the mechanical and fatigue properties of Laser Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB) produced Ti6Al4V, without heat treatment. The research shows mechanical properties vary based on build orientation with vertically oriented specimens exhibiting the highest yield and tensile strengths, while vertical orientation excels in ductility, measured through elongation at break. Impact toughness sees variations with horizontal orientation performing the best. However, build orientation has minimal influence on flexural bending fatigue performance. Both diagonal and vertical orientations show similar fatigue limits at around 40 MPa. Dry electropolishing proves to be an effective technique, significantly enhancing fatigue performance with limits stabilizing at about 150 MPa. This study underscores the importance of considering build orientation in PBF-LB manufacturing for specific mechanical and impact properties and the potential of dry electropolishing in improving the fatigue performance of Ti6Al4V components. These findings offer valuable insights for the additive manufacturing industry, aiding in the optimization of Ti6Al4V component production.
{"title":"Build Orientation Effect on Bending Fatigue Performance and Impact Toughness of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Manufactured Ti6Al4V Without Heat Treatment","authors":"T. Rautio, M. Jaskari, M. Hietala, Aappo Mustakangas, M. Keskitalo, A. Järvenpää","doi":"10.4028/p-9D9PGl","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-9D9PGl","url":null,"abstract":"Titanium alloys are highly valued in various industries due to their exceptional qualities. This study examines how the build orientation affects the mechanical and fatigue properties of Laser Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB) produced Ti6Al4V, without heat treatment. The research shows mechanical properties vary based on build orientation with vertically oriented specimens exhibiting the highest yield and tensile strengths, while vertical orientation excels in ductility, measured through elongation at break. Impact toughness sees variations with horizontal orientation performing the best. However, build orientation has minimal influence on flexural bending fatigue performance. Both diagonal and vertical orientations show similar fatigue limits at around 40 MPa. Dry electropolishing proves to be an effective technique, significantly enhancing fatigue performance with limits stabilizing at about 150 MPa. This study underscores the importance of considering build orientation in PBF-LB manufacturing for specific mechanical and impact properties and the potential of dry electropolishing in improving the fatigue performance of Ti6Al4V components. These findings offer valuable insights for the additive manufacturing industry, aiding in the optimization of Ti6Al4V component production.","PeriodicalId":17714,"journal":{"name":"Key Engineering Materials","volume":"122 6","pages":"9 - 14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141682696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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