Arif Mammadov, Aqil Babayev, Nizami Ismayilov, Muxtar Huseynov, Faiq Guliyev
The article discusses the features of improving the technological processes of electric smelting, out-of-furnace processing, continuous casting and heat treatment of steel pipe blanks used for oil and gas production. To this end, ways to improve steel processing processes in electric furnaces and non-furnaces were shown, processes for the production of continuous casting pipes with special properties for oil and gas production were studied, the design of an alloying-refining lance (LRF) was developed, refining processes by blowing magnesium-based powders were studied, heat treatment modes for continuously cast billets during pressure treatment of pipe billets have been developed. The conducted research created the basis for the development of measures to organize the production of high-quality pipes for oil and gas production in the conditions of Baku Steel Company LLC. It has been established that blowing liquid steel with inert gases (for example, argon) in an intermediate furnace or treating it with a special composition of synthetic slag, the use of LRF in an electric furnace, the correct setting of the cooling system on a continuous casting machine (CCM), the use of a vacuum system on a continuous caster, the process of refining steel by blowing Powders based on magnesium oxide instead of lime are considered more effective means of improving the quality of steel. Based on the application of these measures, low-carbon low-alloy steel 13HFA was developed and seamless pipes with a ferrite-pearlite structure were obtained from it using continuous casting technology. The strength characteristics of this steel after casting and heat treatment fully comply with the requirements of the European standard. After heat treatment (hardening and high-temperature tempering), the surface of the pipes becomes harder (troostite + sorbitol), and the core has a soft, i.e., viscous (perlite + sorbitol) structure. This “layered” structure allows the pipes to operate successfully in difficult oil and gas production conditions.
{"title":"Improvement of Production Processes of Seamless Steel Pipes for Oil and Gas Production","authors":"Arif Mammadov, Aqil Babayev, Nizami Ismayilov, Muxtar Huseynov, Faiq Guliyev","doi":"10.4028/p-i7keoa","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-i7keoa","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the features of improving the technological processes of electric smelting, out-of-furnace processing, continuous casting and heat treatment of steel pipe blanks used for oil and gas production. To this end, ways to improve steel processing processes in electric furnaces and non-furnaces were shown, processes for the production of continuous casting pipes with special properties for oil and gas production were studied, the design of an alloying-refining lance (LRF) was developed, refining processes by blowing magnesium-based powders were studied, heat treatment modes for continuously cast billets during pressure treatment of pipe billets have been developed. The conducted research created the basis for the development of measures to organize the production of high-quality pipes for oil and gas production in the conditions of Baku Steel Company LLC. It has been established that blowing liquid steel with inert gases (for example, argon) in an intermediate furnace or treating it with a special composition of synthetic slag, the use of LRF in an electric furnace, the correct setting of the cooling system on a continuous casting machine (CCM), the use of a vacuum system on a continuous caster, the process of refining steel by blowing Powders based on magnesium oxide instead of lime are considered more effective means of improving the quality of steel. Based on the application of these measures, low-carbon low-alloy steel 13HFA was developed and seamless pipes with a ferrite-pearlite structure were obtained from it using continuous casting technology. The strength characteristics of this steel after casting and heat treatment fully comply with the requirements of the European standard. After heat treatment (hardening and high-temperature tempering), the surface of the pipes becomes harder (troostite + sorbitol), and the core has a soft, i.e., viscous (perlite + sorbitol) structure. This “layered” structure allows the pipes to operate successfully in difficult oil and gas production conditions.","PeriodicalId":17714,"journal":{"name":"Key Engineering Materials","volume":"54 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140739530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. M. Raj, N. M. Kumar, S. Nagaraja, S. Paulsingarayar
The connecting of contrasting metals, namely double stainless steel to steel made of carbon, has taken place. performed using a hybrid welding system. A TIG and MIG welding joining based hybrid joining method was designed. The microstructures of the dissimilar metal joints were studied and the grains are coarser as contrast to the use of a single the welding process process by itself. With the addition of TIG welding to the process of MIG welding, the water-holding capacity of the metal in molten state pool is significantly improved. The nominal corrosion behaviour of the weldments was found better than the single arc welding system alone. The passivation behaviour of the joints was in the similar line to that of double stainless steel base metal. The pitting resistance of the joints in 1 M NaCl solution was inferior to the base metals.
{"title":"An Investigation about Microstructures, Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Behaviour of the TIG - MIG Hybrid Welded Dissimilar UNS 2205 and is 2062 Steels","authors":"N. M. Raj, N. M. Kumar, S. Nagaraja, S. Paulsingarayar","doi":"10.4028/p-e6ojga","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-e6ojga","url":null,"abstract":"The connecting of contrasting metals, namely double stainless steel to steel made of carbon, has taken place. performed using a hybrid welding system. A TIG and MIG welding joining based hybrid joining method was designed. The microstructures of the dissimilar metal joints were studied and the grains are coarser as contrast to the use of a single the welding process process by itself. With the addition of TIG welding to the process of MIG welding, the water-holding capacity of the metal in molten state pool is significantly improved. The nominal corrosion behaviour of the weldments was found better than the single arc welding system alone. The passivation behaviour of the joints was in the similar line to that of double stainless steel base metal. The pitting resistance of the joints in 1 M NaCl solution was inferior to the base metals.","PeriodicalId":17714,"journal":{"name":"Key Engineering Materials","volume":"155 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140740936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. H. Ram, R. R. Raj, D.S. Jenaris, P. Mohan, Manoj Abraham
Cutting down on energy usage while keeping the material removal rate (MRR) as high as possible is widely acknowledged to be one of the most important goals in the machining industry for a considerable amount of time. So that we can create a forecast model for side-milling machining that makes the most efficient use of the feasible amount of power, the response surface method was utilized. After that, this model was used to establish which parameters should be optimized for the machining process. The response surface approach was applied to investigate the effect that several distinct cutting elements, factors like radial slicing depth, feeding rate, and spindle rpm, all examples (RSM), had on the total power needed throughout the cutting process. The data indicate that the variable known as the feeding rate is the most important factor in the amount of energy consumed. Reduced power consumption is an unavoidable natural byproduct of accelerating cycle durations and increasing feed rates. A radial how deep the wound is in 0.3 millimetres, a feed rate of 6,000 millimetres per inch, and a spindle speed of 12,000 revolutions per minute can produce a minimum power usage of 82.38 kilowatts, as the optimization model indicates. Keywords: Material removal rate, Machining, Power consumption
{"title":"An Analysis of the Amount of Energy Used during the Milling of Aluminum 6061 with Higher Performance","authors":"K. H. Ram, R. R. Raj, D.S. Jenaris, P. Mohan, Manoj Abraham","doi":"10.4028/p-8qb0lf","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-8qb0lf","url":null,"abstract":"Cutting down on energy usage while keeping the material removal rate (MRR) as high as possible is widely acknowledged to be one of the most important goals in the machining industry for a considerable amount of time. So that we can create a forecast model for side-milling machining that makes the most efficient use of the feasible amount of power, the response surface method was utilized. After that, this model was used to establish which parameters should be optimized for the machining process. The response surface approach was applied to investigate the effect that several distinct cutting elements, factors like radial slicing depth, feeding rate, and spindle rpm, all examples (RSM), had on the total power needed throughout the cutting process. The data indicate that the variable known as the feeding rate is the most important factor in the amount of energy consumed. Reduced power consumption is an unavoidable natural byproduct of accelerating cycle durations and increasing feed rates. A radial how deep the wound is in 0.3 millimetres, a feed rate of 6,000 millimetres per inch, and a spindle speed of 12,000 revolutions per minute can produce a minimum power usage of 82.38 kilowatts, as the optimization model indicates.\u0000Keywords: Material removal rate, Machining, Power consumption","PeriodicalId":17714,"journal":{"name":"Key Engineering Materials","volume":"29 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140739148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research focused on evaluating geopolymer mixture made of ASTM class F fly ash (FFA), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), plastic fibers obtained from recycled waste pet bottles, and crushed waste glass bottle sand (WGS) from household waste. A total of 9 mixtures were designed: 3 mixtures with long fibers (5% of aggregate weight) and without WGS, 3 mixtures with shorter non-twisted fibers (2% of aggregate weight) and WGS, and 3 mixtures with shorter twisted fibers (2% of aggregate weight) and WGS. All geopolymer mixtures contained GGBFS, FFA, WGS, plastic fibers, and 10 M of alkali-activated solution. Mechanical properties of geopolymer mixtures were evaluated at 7, 14, and 28 days. Test results indicated that PET fiber-reinforced geopolymer mixtures have lower compressive strength than non-reinforced ones. The increased length of PET fiber and extended air-curing time also decrease compressive strength. Increasing WGS content generally tends to decrease the compressive strength, but 15% replacement shows improvement compared to the reference mixture. Adding PET fibers to the geopolymer mixtures significantly increases flexural strength due to better crack resistance and good strain-hardening effect. Non-twisted fibers concrete’s flexural strength was noticeably higher than that of twisted one, while the length of fibers did not have an impact. The introduction of fibers does not increase ultimate tensile strength. However, the strain coefficient was substantially increased. Non-twisted fibers geopolymer mixtures performed better than twisted ones in terms of tension resistance. The geopolymer mixture with 30% WGS showed the highest results.
本研究重点评估了由 ASTM F 级粉煤灰 (FFA)、磨碎的粒化高炉矿渣 (GGBFS)、从回收的废宠物瓶中获得的塑料纤维以及从生活垃圾中粉碎的废玻璃瓶砂 (WGS) 制成的土工聚合物混合物。共设计了 9 种混合物:其中 3 种混合物含有长纤维(占骨料重量的 5%)且不含 WGS;3 种混合物含有较短的非扭曲纤维(占骨料重量的 2%)且含有 WGS;3 种混合物含有较短的扭曲纤维(占骨料重量的 2%)且含有 WGS。所有土工聚合物混合物都含有 GGBFS、FFA、WGS、塑料纤维和 10 M 碱活性溶液。在 7、14 和 28 天时对土工聚合物混合物的机械性能进行了评估。测试结果表明,PET 纤维增强型土工聚合物混合物的抗压强度低于非增强型混合物。增加 PET 纤维的长度和延长空气固化时间也会降低抗压强度。增加 WGS 含量通常会降低抗压强度,但与参考混合物相比,15% 的替代率会提高抗压强度。在土工聚合物混合物中添加 PET 纤维可显著提高抗折强度,因为它具有更好的抗裂性和良好的应变硬化效果。无捻纤维混凝土的抗折强度明显高于有捻纤维混凝土,而纤维的长度没有影响。纤维的引入并没有提高极限抗拉强度。然而,应变系数却大幅提高。就抗拉强度而言,无捻纤维土工聚合物混合物的性能优于有捻纤维的混合物。含 30% WGS 的土工聚合物混合物的抗拉强度最高。
{"title":"Effect of Recycled Waste PET Bottle Fibers on Mechanical Properties of Geopolymer Mixtures Containing Crushed Waste Glass Sands","authors":"Dulat Ualiyev, Anel Galymzhankyzy, Islambek Manap, Zhaniya Omarova, Doszhan Temirbekov, Aizhan Tukaziban, Zhanbolat Artyk, Chang Seon Shon, D. Zhang","doi":"10.4028/p-7qdqwk","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-7qdqwk","url":null,"abstract":"This research focused on evaluating geopolymer mixture made of ASTM class F fly ash (FFA), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), plastic fibers obtained from recycled waste pet bottles, and crushed waste glass bottle sand (WGS) from household waste. A total of 9 mixtures were designed: 3 mixtures with long fibers (5% of aggregate weight) and without WGS, 3 mixtures with shorter non-twisted fibers (2% of aggregate weight) and WGS, and 3 mixtures with shorter twisted fibers (2% of aggregate weight) and WGS. All geopolymer mixtures contained GGBFS, FFA, WGS, plastic fibers, and 10 M of alkali-activated solution. Mechanical properties of geopolymer mixtures were evaluated at 7, 14, and 28 days. Test results indicated that PET fiber-reinforced geopolymer mixtures have lower compressive strength than non-reinforced ones. The increased length of PET fiber and extended air-curing time also decrease compressive strength. Increasing WGS content generally tends to decrease the compressive strength, but 15% replacement shows improvement compared to the reference mixture. Adding PET fibers to the geopolymer mixtures significantly increases flexural strength due to better crack resistance and good strain-hardening effect. Non-twisted fibers concrete’s flexural strength was noticeably higher than that of twisted one, while the length of fibers did not have an impact. The introduction of fibers does not increase ultimate tensile strength. However, the strain coefficient was substantially increased. Non-twisted fibers geopolymer mixtures performed better than twisted ones in terms of tension resistance. The geopolymer mixture with 30% WGS showed the highest results.","PeriodicalId":17714,"journal":{"name":"Key Engineering Materials","volume":"86 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140736091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alonso R Zúñiga-Suárez, Berenice C Zúñiga-Torres, Guido Giuliano Gualpa-Guzmán, F. Hernández-Olivares
The mechanical behavior of brick elements depends on the properties of its components. The same ones that can be obtained through experimental tests or with numerical methods, both methodologies provide excellent results. Consequently, the aims of this work to analyze the behavior of bricks by applying the finite element method. For this, a methodology based on the physical, mechanical, chemical properties of fired bricks and ecological was established, with which the mechanical behavior of different geometric sections of the bricks was calibrated and analyzed. As results, the numerical model was calibrated, obtaining maximum stresses and deformations at simple compression of 6.91 MPa, in the G5 form, defined by the Ecuadorian standard INEN 293 as solid brick in a mixture of soil-cement with gypsum; and the maximum flexural resistance is obtained at 1.65 MPa, in the same geometric section in the mix of Catamayo fired brick; concluding that exists a reliability in the results of the computational simulation analysis applied to different mixtures and geometries whose correlation is 0.99.
{"title":"Analysis of the Behavior of Bricks Using Finite Elements","authors":"Alonso R Zúñiga-Suárez, Berenice C Zúñiga-Torres, Guido Giuliano Gualpa-Guzmán, F. Hernández-Olivares","doi":"10.4028/p-geti4b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-geti4b","url":null,"abstract":"The mechanical behavior of brick elements depends on the properties of its components. The same ones that can be obtained through experimental tests or with numerical methods, both methodologies provide excellent results. Consequently, the aims of this work to analyze the behavior of bricks by applying the finite element method. For this, a methodology based on the physical, mechanical, chemical properties of fired bricks and ecological was established, with which the mechanical behavior of different geometric sections of the bricks was calibrated and analyzed. As results, the numerical model was calibrated, obtaining maximum stresses and deformations at simple compression of 6.91 MPa, in the G5 form, defined by the Ecuadorian standard INEN 293 as solid brick in a mixture of soil-cement with gypsum; and the maximum flexural resistance is obtained at 1.65 MPa, in the same geometric section in the mix of Catamayo fired brick; concluding that exists a reliability in the results of the computational simulation analysis applied to different mixtures and geometries whose correlation is 0.99.","PeriodicalId":17714,"journal":{"name":"Key Engineering Materials","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140739789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xue Hu, Chen Zhang, Bin Wang, Jin Bo Liu, Jie Cheng, Gu Tian Zhao, Zhong Hua Ni, Jue Kuan Yang
Stent implantation is the mainstream treatment for high-incidence vascular diseases. The stent is implanted into the blocked vessel with minimal trauma to restore blood flow. Polymer braided stents with superior biocompatibility and flexibility have broad application prospects in stent implantation. An ideal polymer stent should have suitable radial supporting capacity to withstand the cyclic radial load from vessels. Especially in the case of accelerated vasoconstriction caused by emotional excitement, drinking or fever, etc. However, there are currently limited studies on the mechanical properties of stent at rapid radial loading. In this work, the radial supporting capacity and fatigue properties of polymer stent at rapid loading rate were investigated by experiment and simulation. With the increase of radial loading rate, the stent has different deformation tendency and fatigue resistance. This study is helpful to study the structural changes of the polymer braided stent at different loading rates, and provide ideas for the evaluation and the optimization of the polymer braided stent.
{"title":"Mechanical Behavior of Polymer Braided Stent at Rapid Radial Loading","authors":"Xue Hu, Chen Zhang, Bin Wang, Jin Bo Liu, Jie Cheng, Gu Tian Zhao, Zhong Hua Ni, Jue Kuan Yang","doi":"10.4028/p-0xc6xg","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-0xc6xg","url":null,"abstract":"Stent implantation is the mainstream treatment for high-incidence vascular diseases. The stent is implanted into the blocked vessel with minimal trauma to restore blood flow. Polymer braided stents with superior biocompatibility and flexibility have broad application prospects in stent implantation. An ideal polymer stent should have suitable radial supporting capacity to withstand the cyclic radial load from vessels. Especially in the case of accelerated vasoconstriction caused by emotional excitement, drinking or fever, etc. However, there are currently limited studies on the mechanical properties of stent at rapid radial loading. In this work, the radial supporting capacity and fatigue properties of polymer stent at rapid loading rate were investigated by experiment and simulation. With the increase of radial loading rate, the stent has different deformation tendency and fatigue resistance. This study is helpful to study the structural changes of the polymer braided stent at different loading rates, and provide ideas for the evaluation and the optimization of the polymer braided stent.","PeriodicalId":17714,"journal":{"name":"Key Engineering Materials","volume":" 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140213694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qamir Ullah, N. Kizilbash, J. Ambreen, Abdul Haleem, Mohamed Soliman, Mashael Alhumaidi Alotaibi, Muhammad Siddiq
Silver and palladium nanoparticles were prepared by in situ chemical reduction using Sodium Borohydride as a reducing agent at 18°C. The synthesis of pure and hybrid cryogels and the incorporation of silver and palladium nanoparticles inside the cryogel network, was confirmed by x-ray diffraction analysis and energy dispersive x-ray respectively. The antibacterial activities were checked by using the hybrid cryogels against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC: 2593) and Escherichia coli (ATCC: 25922) bacteria. After taking into account the facile synthetic process and the adsorption performance, these cryogels can serve as good candidates for antibacterial purposes.
以硼氢化钠为还原剂,在 18°C 温度下通过原位化学还原法制备了银和钯纳米粒子。X 射线衍射分析和能量色散 X 射线分别证实了纯冷凝胶和混合冷凝胶的合成以及银和钯纳米粒子在冷凝胶网络中的结合。使用混合冷凝凝胶检测了其对金黄色葡萄球菌(ATCC:2593)和大肠杆菌(ATCC:25922)的抗菌活性。考虑到其简便的合成工艺和吸附性能,这些低温凝胶可作为抗菌剂的理想候选材料。
{"title":"Silver and Palladium-Embedded Acrylamide-Based Hybrid Cryogels as Antimicrobial Agents","authors":"Qamir Ullah, N. Kizilbash, J. Ambreen, Abdul Haleem, Mohamed Soliman, Mashael Alhumaidi Alotaibi, Muhammad Siddiq","doi":"10.4028/p-vn7gub","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-vn7gub","url":null,"abstract":"Silver and palladium nanoparticles were prepared by in situ chemical reduction using Sodium Borohydride as a reducing agent at 18°C. The synthesis of pure and hybrid cryogels and the incorporation of silver and palladium nanoparticles inside the cryogel network, was confirmed by x-ray diffraction analysis and energy dispersive x-ray respectively. The antibacterial activities were checked by using the hybrid cryogels against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC: 2593) and Escherichia coli (ATCC: 25922) bacteria. After taking into account the facile synthetic process and the adsorption performance, these cryogels can serve as good candidates for antibacterial purposes.","PeriodicalId":17714,"journal":{"name":"Key Engineering Materials","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140214312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rohit C. Tilwani, Kirsten Noelle Anastasia K. Calimon, P. A. D. De Yro
Cellulose nanosphere (CNS) was isolated from corn husk by delignification, bleaching, acid hydrolysis, dialysis, and sonication. Successful isolation of CNS was confirmed by FTIR Analysis. The isolated CNS was found to have an average diameter of 18 nm and crystallinity index of 70% using TEM and XRD Analysis, respectively. A decrease in onset degradation temperature (Tonset) and an increase in residual mass were also observed in the TG analysis of cellulose fiber and CNS. Nanocomposite hydrogels using poly (ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) as matrix and CNS as nanofiller was prepared by UV-curing. FTIR Analysis revealed similar transmittance patterns among all the treatments. Thermal characterization showed that the addition of CNS lowers the Tonset and Tmax while increasing the temperature required for the total degradation of the UV-cured nanocomposite hydrogels.
{"title":"Isolation of Cellulose Nanosphere from Corn Husk as a Filler for UV-Cured PEGDMA Nanocomposite Hydrogels","authors":"Rohit C. Tilwani, Kirsten Noelle Anastasia K. Calimon, P. A. D. De Yro","doi":"10.4028/p-a2llpb","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-a2llpb","url":null,"abstract":"Cellulose nanosphere (CNS) was isolated from corn husk by delignification, bleaching, acid hydrolysis, dialysis, and sonication. Successful isolation of CNS was confirmed by FTIR Analysis. The isolated CNS was found to have an average diameter of 18 nm and crystallinity index of 70% using TEM and XRD Analysis, respectively. A decrease in onset degradation temperature (Tonset) and an increase in residual mass were also observed in the TG analysis of cellulose fiber and CNS. Nanocomposite hydrogels using poly (ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) as matrix and CNS as nanofiller was prepared by UV-curing. FTIR Analysis revealed similar transmittance patterns among all the treatments. Thermal characterization showed that the addition of CNS lowers the Tonset and Tmax while increasing the temperature required for the total degradation of the UV-cured nanocomposite hydrogels.","PeriodicalId":17714,"journal":{"name":"Key Engineering Materials","volume":" 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140218724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Thaweboon, Takashi Saito, Sirilak Mateekusontan, B. Thaweboon
Dental caries, or tooth decay, is one of the most widespread chronic and multifactorial diseases affecting people worldwide. It is described as the localized destruction of tooth structure by acids produced from bacteria fermentation of edible carbohydrates. The disease process begins within the bacterial biofilm on the surfaces of the teeth. Streptococcus sanguinis, Sreptococcusgordonii, and Streptococcus mutans are the main organisms in the biofilm associated with health or disease conditions in the oral cavity. Streptococcus mutans is believed to be the primary cause of enamel demineralization and the development of dental caries. S. gordonii and S. sanguinis belong to a group of streptococci considered health-related commensal oral bacteria, crucial for forming a biofilm on oral hard tissues. Several types of materials with multipurpose characteristics have been incorporated into dental adhesives. Recently, the calcium salt of an acidic monomer (calcium salt of 4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitic acid, or CMET) has been included in dental adhesive and demonstrated to suppress cariogenic biofilm formation of S. mutans. However, using a single-species model may not mimic the intricate antagonistic and synergistic relations that occur in oral biofilms. Therefore, the effect on cariogenic multi-species biofilm was assessed in this study. Dental adhesive consisting of CMET and 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen calcium phosphate (MDCP) (Bio-Coat CA) was spread over the flat-bottom surface of the 96-well plate and LED light-cured. Then it was coated with sterile saliva at 37 °C for 45 min to form an acquired pellicle for microbial attachment. The multi-species bacterial suspension containing Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25715, Streptococcus sanguinis ATCC 10556, and Streptococcus gordonii ATCC 10558 was prepared and added to the saliva-coated well. Then, the plate was incubated at 37°C in a 5% CO2 atmosphere for 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h to support the biofilm formation. The number of vital bacteria in the biofilm was determined with the WST-8 Microbial Cell Counting Kit (Dojindo Molecular Technologies, USA). All tests were done in triplicate and repeated three times. For statistical analysis, Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s tests were employed. The results showed that at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h, dental adhesive with CMET could inhibit the biofilm formation of multi-species bacteria significantly compared with controls. The percentages of biofilm inhibition were 29.1%, 34.7%, and 33.2% at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h, respectively. Dental adhesive containing CMET displayed favorable multi-species biofilm-inhibiting effects up to 72 h of biofilm growth. It is a promising adhesive for use to prevent secondary caries at the sites of restorations.
{"title":"Antimicrobial Effect of Dental Adhesive on Cariogenic Multi-Species Biofilm","authors":"S. Thaweboon, Takashi Saito, Sirilak Mateekusontan, B. Thaweboon","doi":"10.4028/p-eimzh9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-eimzh9","url":null,"abstract":"Dental caries, or tooth decay, is one of the most widespread chronic and multifactorial diseases affecting people worldwide. It is described as the localized destruction of tooth structure by acids produced from bacteria fermentation of edible carbohydrates. The disease process begins within the bacterial biofilm on the surfaces of the teeth. Streptococcus sanguinis, Sreptococcusgordonii, and Streptococcus mutans are the main organisms in the biofilm associated with health or disease conditions in the oral cavity. Streptococcus mutans is believed to be the primary cause of enamel demineralization and the development of dental caries. S. gordonii and S. sanguinis belong to a group of streptococci considered health-related commensal oral bacteria, crucial for forming a biofilm on oral hard tissues. Several types of materials with multipurpose characteristics have been incorporated into dental adhesives. Recently, the calcium salt of an acidic monomer (calcium salt of 4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitic acid, or CMET) has been included in dental adhesive and demonstrated to suppress cariogenic biofilm formation of S. mutans. However, using a single-species model may not mimic the intricate antagonistic and synergistic relations that occur in oral biofilms. Therefore, the effect on cariogenic multi-species biofilm was assessed in this study. Dental adhesive consisting of CMET and 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen calcium phosphate (MDCP) (Bio-Coat CA) was spread over the flat-bottom surface of the 96-well plate and LED light-cured. Then it was coated with sterile saliva at 37 °C for 45 min to form an acquired pellicle for microbial attachment. The multi-species bacterial suspension containing Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25715, Streptococcus sanguinis ATCC 10556, and Streptococcus gordonii ATCC 10558 was prepared and added to the saliva-coated well. Then, the plate was incubated at 37°C in a 5% CO2 atmosphere for 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h to support the biofilm formation. The number of vital bacteria in the biofilm was determined with the WST-8 Microbial Cell Counting Kit (Dojindo Molecular Technologies, USA). All tests were done in triplicate and repeated three times. For statistical analysis, Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s tests were employed. The results showed that at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h, dental adhesive with CMET could inhibit the biofilm formation of multi-species bacteria significantly compared with controls. The percentages of biofilm inhibition were 29.1%, 34.7%, and 33.2% at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h, respectively. Dental adhesive containing CMET displayed favorable multi-species biofilm-inhibiting effects up to 72 h of biofilm growth. It is a promising adhesive for use to prevent secondary caries at the sites of restorations.","PeriodicalId":17714,"journal":{"name":"Key Engineering Materials","volume":" 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140217891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sirada Leelapong, Sirilak Mateekusontan, Supissara Makkrajang, Pornkiat Churnjittapirom, S. Thaweboon
Irreversible hydrocolloid impression material is extensively used in dentistry to record and duplicate the details of tooth structure, surrounding tissue, and other intraoral structures. The materials allow dentists to work more easily and perform better diagnosis and treatment planning. When used, the material is exposed to oral microorganisms, some are pathogens, from the patient’s teeth, mucosa, blood, and saliva. These pathogens can be absorbed into the material and transmitted to dentists and other dental workers. Hydrocolloid impression material incorporated with vanillin has been shown to exhibit antimicrobial potential, however, its physical properties have not been performed. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the physical properties of a vanillin-incorporated irreversible hydrocolloid impression material on four different physical properties: working time, setting time, elastic recovery, and strain-in compression. The impression powder was mixed with varying concentrations of vanillin (0.1%, 0.5%, and 1.0% w/w) using the electric vacuum mixer. The impression material without vanillin was used as a control. All the tests were done following the ISO specification 21563: 2021 for dental materials with 15 specimens for each test. The result showed that at concentrations of 0%, 0.1%, and 0.5% w/w vanillin, no significant change in the four physical properties has been observed. However, the working time and setting time values of impression material with 1% vanillin were reduced significantly and did not meet the ISO standard. In conclusion, the incorporation of 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1% w/w vanillin into irreversible hydrocolloid impression material showed a significant reduction in setting time and working time. However, when considering the ISO standard specifications, the 0.1% and 0.5% w/w vanillin-added materials can still be used due to their acceptable values of all physical properties (setting time, working time, elastic recovery, and strain-in compression). These impression materials will be valuable for use in clinical settings to reduce the disinfection procedure and the risk of cross-contamination.
不可逆水胶体印模材料广泛应用于牙科,用于记录和复制牙齿结构、周围组织和其他口腔内结构的细节。这种材料能让牙医更轻松地工作,更好地进行诊断和治疗规划。使用时,材料会接触到患者牙齿、粘膜、血液和唾液中的口腔微生物,其中有些是病原体。这些病原体会被材料吸收,并传染给牙医和其他牙科工作者。含有香兰素的水胶体印模材料已被证明具有抗菌潜力,但其物理性质尚未进行研究。因此,本研究旨在研究掺入香兰素的不可逆水胶体印模材料的四种不同物理性质:工作时间、凝固时间、弹性恢复和应变压缩。使用电动真空混合器将印模粉末与不同浓度的香兰素(0.1%、0.5% 和 1.0% w/w)混合。不含香兰素的印模材料作为对照。所有测试均按照 ISO 21563:2021 牙科材料规范进行,每次测试使用 15 个试样。结果表明,当香兰素的浓度为 0%、0.1% 和 0.5%(重量百分比)时,四种物理性质均无明显变化。不过,香兰素含量为 1%的印模材料的工作时间和凝固时间值明显缩短,不符合 ISO 标准。总之,在不可逆水胶体印模材料中添加 0.1%、0.5% 和 1%(重量百分比)的香兰素会显著缩短凝固时间和工作时间。不过,考虑到 ISO 标准的规格,添加了 0.1% 和 0.5% w/w 香草素的材料仍然可以使用,因为它们的所有物理性能(凝固时间、工作时间、弹性恢复和压缩应变)都达到了可接受的值。这些印模材料可用于临床,以减少消毒程序和交叉感染的风险。
{"title":"The Physical Properties of Vanillin-Incorporated Irreversible Hydrocolloid Impression Material","authors":"Sirada Leelapong, Sirilak Mateekusontan, Supissara Makkrajang, Pornkiat Churnjittapirom, S. Thaweboon","doi":"10.4028/p-awafw7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-awafw7","url":null,"abstract":"Irreversible hydrocolloid impression material is extensively used in dentistry to record and duplicate the details of tooth structure, surrounding tissue, and other intraoral structures. The materials allow dentists to work more easily and perform better diagnosis and treatment planning. When used, the material is exposed to oral microorganisms, some are pathogens, from the patient’s teeth, mucosa, blood, and saliva. These pathogens can be absorbed into the material and transmitted to dentists and other dental workers. Hydrocolloid impression material incorporated with vanillin has been shown to exhibit antimicrobial potential, however, its physical properties have not been performed. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the physical properties of a vanillin-incorporated irreversible hydrocolloid impression material on four different physical properties: working time, setting time, elastic recovery, and strain-in compression. The impression powder was mixed with varying concentrations of vanillin (0.1%, 0.5%, and 1.0% w/w) using the electric vacuum mixer. The impression material without vanillin was used as a control. All the tests were done following the ISO specification 21563: 2021 for dental materials with 15 specimens for each test. The result showed that at concentrations of 0%, 0.1%, and 0.5% w/w vanillin, no significant change in the four physical properties has been observed. However, the working time and setting time values of impression material with 1% vanillin were reduced significantly and did not meet the ISO standard. In conclusion, the incorporation of 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1% w/w vanillin into irreversible hydrocolloid impression material showed a significant reduction in setting time and working time. However, when considering the ISO standard specifications, the 0.1% and 0.5% w/w vanillin-added materials can still be used due to their acceptable values of all physical properties (setting time, working time, elastic recovery, and strain-in compression). These impression materials will be valuable for use in clinical settings to reduce the disinfection procedure and the risk of cross-contamination.","PeriodicalId":17714,"journal":{"name":"Key Engineering Materials","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140212075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}