Pub Date : 2018-12-16DOI: 10.15294/JBAT.V7I2.11891
S. Anis, Galuh Nur Budiandono, Danang Dwi Saputro, Z. Zainal
Biodiesel as a renewable alternative energy produced from vegetable and animal oils can be used as a fuel for diesel engines. However, biodiesel has a high viscosity that affects the performance of the pump, thereby reducing diesel engine performance. One of the ways to overcome this problem is by preheating the fuel. The purpose of this study is to investigate fuel spray pattern and pump performance including capacity, head, and efficiency at various biodiesel/diesel blends (B0-B30) and preheating temperatures of B30 (30°C-70°C) at constant injection pressure. The results showed that pump performance decreased with increasing percentage of biodiesel. The weakest pump performance occurred at B30. Fuel spray pattern did not change too much, except for B30 where the spray angle decreased significantly. Better results were obtained when biodiesel blend of B30 was heated. The highest pump capacity and efficiency occurred at 50°C, while the highest pump head was at 70°C. At 60°C and 70°C, pump experienced an excessive vibration. Fuel spray angle also increased as the preheating temperature rises. The widest spray angle occurred at fuel preheating temperature of 70°C.
{"title":"EFFECT OF BIODIESEL/DIESEL BLEND AND TEMPERATURE ON 1-CYLINDER DIESEL FUEL INJECTION PUMP PERFORMANCE AND SPRAY PATTERN","authors":"S. Anis, Galuh Nur Budiandono, Danang Dwi Saputro, Z. Zainal","doi":"10.15294/JBAT.V7I2.11891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/JBAT.V7I2.11891","url":null,"abstract":"Biodiesel as a renewable alternative energy produced from vegetable and animal oils can be used as a fuel for diesel engines. However, biodiesel has a high viscosity that affects the performance of the pump, thereby reducing diesel engine performance. One of the ways to overcome this problem is by preheating the fuel. The purpose of this study is to investigate fuel spray pattern and pump performance including capacity, head, and efficiency at various biodiesel/diesel blends (B0-B30) and preheating temperatures of B30 (30°C-70°C) at constant injection pressure. The results showed that pump performance decreased with increasing percentage of biodiesel. The weakest pump performance occurred at B30. Fuel spray pattern did not change too much, except for B30 where the spray angle decreased significantly. Better results were obtained when biodiesel blend of B30 was heated. The highest pump capacity and efficiency occurred at 50°C, while the highest pump head was at 70°C. At 60°C and 70°C, pump experienced an excessive vibration. Fuel spray angle also increased as the preheating temperature rises. The widest spray angle occurred at fuel preheating temperature of 70°C.","PeriodicalId":17764,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43391007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-16DOI: 10.15294/JBAT.V7I2.15019
M. Masturi, Suhardi Effendy, Afrianus Gelu, H. Hammam, Fianti Fianti
The growth of the manufacturing industry in Indonesia affects on the demand of automotive parts. This study aims see the mechanical properties of organic brake canvas made from durian fruit skin and teak leaves. Composite making was done by smoothing durian fruit and teak leaves to become powder. The resulting powder was filtered with mesh 60 so that the particle size is the same so as to facilitate mixing. After that, simple mixing with other ingredients such as magnesium oxide and polyester resin is carried out. The printing process was carried out with a hydraulic press with a load of 4 tons for 3 hours. The brake canvas produced were tested for hardness, wear resistance, and absorbency by varying the percentage composition of the powder of durian fruit fiber and teak leaves. There are five variations in the percentage of composite material composition tested. The results obtained the percentage of the most optimum composition that has a value of hardness, wear wear resistance, and absorption capacity close to the value of the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 09-0143).
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES BRAKE CANVAS WITH BASIC INGREDIENTS OF THE DURIAN FRUIT SKIN AND TEAK LEAVES","authors":"M. Masturi, Suhardi Effendy, Afrianus Gelu, H. Hammam, Fianti Fianti","doi":"10.15294/JBAT.V7I2.15019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/JBAT.V7I2.15019","url":null,"abstract":"The growth of the manufacturing industry in Indonesia affects on the demand of automotive parts. This study aims see the mechanical properties of organic brake canvas made from durian fruit skin and teak leaves. Composite making was done by smoothing durian fruit and teak leaves to become powder. The resulting powder was filtered with mesh 60 so that the particle size is the same so as to facilitate mixing. After that, simple mixing with other ingredients such as magnesium oxide and polyester resin is carried out. The printing process was carried out with a hydraulic press with a load of 4 tons for 3 hours. The brake canvas produced were tested for hardness, wear resistance, and absorbency by varying the percentage composition of the powder of durian fruit fiber and teak leaves. There are five variations in the percentage of composite material composition tested. The results obtained the percentage of the most optimum composition that has a value of hardness, wear wear resistance, and absorption capacity close to the value of the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 09-0143).","PeriodicalId":17764,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46922823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-25DOI: 10.15294/JBAT.V7I2.11398
M. Megawati, D. S. Fardhyanti, H. Prasetiawan, D. Hartanto, I. Khoiroh, Slamet Suwito, K. Kuntoro
Sawdust is one of the abundantly lignocellulosic materials in the world. Sawdust is considered promosing for ethanol production, because it contains mainly lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose. The drying process was applied to pretreat sawdust to make its degradation process easier. Biodegradation of sawdust was conducted by enzymatic hydrolysis using cellulase. The volume of cellulase in the hydrolysis substrate was varied from 5 to 9% v/v. The sugar concentration produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of sawdust every 1 h was recorded as well as its fractal kinetics analysis. Fermentation using yeast in 5 days was also performed to convert sugar hydrolysate to ethanol. Optimal sugar concentration in hydrolysate obtained was about 0.15 mol/L with cellulase volume of 9% v/v and its ethanol concentration was about 0.059% v/v. Fractal kinetics models by Kopelman and Valjamae which can quantitatively describe enzymatic hydrolysis of sawdust using cellulase were used. However, the result of this study indicated that, at high enzyme volume (9% v/v), Valjamae model was more suitable than Kopelman. The fractal exponent value (h) was about 0.667 and the rate constants (k) were about 0.44, 0.53, and 0.58 1/h at the enzyme volume of 5, 7, and 9% v/v. Thus, it can be concluded that enzyme volumes significantly effect rate constants.
{"title":"FRACTAL KINETICS ANALYSIS OF ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS OF SAWDUST USING CELLULASE IN ETHANOL PRODUCTION","authors":"M. Megawati, D. S. Fardhyanti, H. Prasetiawan, D. Hartanto, I. Khoiroh, Slamet Suwito, K. Kuntoro","doi":"10.15294/JBAT.V7I2.11398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/JBAT.V7I2.11398","url":null,"abstract":"Sawdust is one of the abundantly lignocellulosic materials in the world. Sawdust is considered promosing for ethanol production, because it contains mainly lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose. The drying process was applied to pretreat sawdust to make its degradation process easier. Biodegradation of sawdust was conducted by enzymatic hydrolysis using cellulase. The volume of cellulase in the hydrolysis substrate was varied from 5 to 9% v/v. The sugar concentration produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of sawdust every 1 h was recorded as well as its fractal kinetics analysis. Fermentation using yeast in 5 days was also performed to convert sugar hydrolysate to ethanol. Optimal sugar concentration in hydrolysate obtained was about 0.15 mol/L with cellulase volume of 9% v/v and its ethanol concentration was about 0.059% v/v. Fractal kinetics models by Kopelman and Valjamae which can quantitatively describe enzymatic hydrolysis of sawdust using cellulase were used. However, the result of this study indicated that, at high enzyme volume (9% v/v), Valjamae model was more suitable than Kopelman. The fractal exponent value (h) was about 0.667 and the rate constants (k) were about 0.44, 0.53, and 0.58 1/h at the enzyme volume of 5, 7, and 9% v/v. Thus, it can be concluded that enzyme volumes significantly effect rate constants.","PeriodicalId":17764,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45407125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-02DOI: 10.15294/JBAT.V7I2.11393
Khalimatus Sa’diyah, F. Rohman, W. Harsanti, I. Nugraha, Nur Ahmad Febrianto
Biomass waste can be used as raw material for bio-oil manufacture. One of the biomass is coconut coir and shell waste, commonly used as a substitute for firewood and handicraft materials. Therefore it takes effort to use coconut coir and shell to increase its economic value. One of the waste processing efforts is through pyrolysis process. Pyrolysis is the heating process of a substance in the absence of oxygen and produces products of solids, liquids and gases. The product of pyrolysis liquid is called bio-oil which can be used as alternative energy source. In this study, coconut coir and shell was pyrolysed as bio-oil. It also studied pyrolysis operating temperature and the amount of yield of bio-oil produced. The pyrolysis process was carried out in a reactor with a pressure of 1 atm and a varying operating temperature of 150 °C, 200 °C and 250 °C for 60 minutes. The reactor was equipped with a condenser as a cooling column. The mass of raw materials used was 500 grams with a size of 0.63 mm. The results of the research show that the higher the temperature, the more volume of bio-oil produced. For coconut coir pyrolysis it was obtained the highest yield of 34.2%, with density of 1.001 g/ml and viscosity of 1.351 cSt. As for coconut shell pyrolysis it was obtained highest yield of 45,2% with density of 1,212 g/ml and viscosity of 1.457 cSt. From the result of analysis using FTIR, the functional group of bio-oil was the most compound of phenol and alkene.
{"title":"Pyrolysis of Coconut Coir and Shell as Alternative Energy Source","authors":"Khalimatus Sa’diyah, F. Rohman, W. Harsanti, I. Nugraha, Nur Ahmad Febrianto","doi":"10.15294/JBAT.V7I2.11393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/JBAT.V7I2.11393","url":null,"abstract":"Biomass waste can be used as raw material for bio-oil manufacture. One of the biomass is coconut coir and shell waste, commonly used as a substitute for firewood and handicraft materials. Therefore it takes effort to use coconut coir and shell to increase its economic value. One of the waste processing efforts is through pyrolysis process. Pyrolysis is the heating process of a substance in the absence of oxygen and produces products of solids, liquids and gases. The product of pyrolysis liquid is called bio-oil which can be used as alternative energy source. In this study, coconut coir and shell was pyrolysed as bio-oil. It also studied pyrolysis operating temperature and the amount of yield of bio-oil produced. The pyrolysis process was carried out in a reactor with a pressure of 1 atm and a varying operating temperature of 150 °C, 200 °C and 250 °C for 60 minutes. The reactor was equipped with a condenser as a cooling column. The mass of raw materials used was 500 grams with a size of 0.63 mm. The results of the research show that the higher the temperature, the more volume of bio-oil produced. For coconut coir pyrolysis it was obtained the highest yield of 34.2%, with density of 1.001 g/ml and viscosity of 1.351 cSt. As for coconut shell pyrolysis it was obtained highest yield of 45,2% with density of 1,212 g/ml and viscosity of 1.457 cSt. From the result of analysis using FTIR, the functional group of bio-oil was the most compound of phenol and alkene.","PeriodicalId":17764,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45456621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-26DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v7i1.11399
D. Moentamaria, A. Chumaidi, N. Hendrawati, Girlian Girlian, Meilita Againa Mustika
The enzymatic hydrolysis of palm oil can be conducted by using lipase produced from Mucor miehei to produce free fatty acid. This study aimed to compare the usage of lipase as free enzyme and as immobilized enzyme on zeolite matrix in the hydrolysis of palm oil as triglyceride producing free fatty acids which highly needed in various industrial sectors. Immobilization is an alternative hydrolysis reaction due to its usage on repetitive reaction, makes lipase reuseable, hence the whole process becomes efficient, and with moderate operational conditions. Solvent free reaction is applied, because the produced free fatty acids can be used directly in food, health, and natural flavorings industry. The palm oil used in the hydrolysis contains 0.815% initial free fatty acids as palmitate, in which water then added to it in weight ratio 1:3. Each effect of free lipase and immobilized lipase addition is 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, and time reaction is 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 minutes are used as index to determine the amount of free fatty acids produced. The results showed that Immobilized lipase has better ability than the free one in hydrolysis of triglyceride in palm oil producing free fatty acid with 8% lipase addition and time reaction of 120 minutes. Palm oil hydrolysis using free lipase produced the highest FFA of 1.9747% after the addition of 5% lipase concentrate, with time reaction of 60 minutes. Meanwhile, palm oil hydrolysis using immobilized lipase produced the highest FFA of 1.9747% after the addition of 8% lipase concentrate, with time reaction of 120 minutes.
{"title":"THE IMMOBILIZATION OF LIPASE FROM MUCOR MIEHEI ON ZEOLITE MATRIX IN HYDROLYSIS OF PALM OIL PRODUCING FREE FATTY ACIDS WITH SOLVENT FREE SYSTEM","authors":"D. Moentamaria, A. Chumaidi, N. Hendrawati, Girlian Girlian, Meilita Againa Mustika","doi":"10.15294/jbat.v7i1.11399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/jbat.v7i1.11399","url":null,"abstract":"The enzymatic hydrolysis of palm oil can be conducted by using lipase produced from Mucor miehei to produce free fatty acid. This study aimed to compare the usage of lipase as free enzyme and as immobilized enzyme on zeolite matrix in the hydrolysis of palm oil as triglyceride producing free fatty acids which highly needed in various industrial sectors. Immobilization is an alternative hydrolysis reaction due to its usage on repetitive reaction, makes lipase reuseable, hence the whole process becomes efficient, and with moderate operational conditions. Solvent free reaction is applied, because the produced free fatty acids can be used directly in food, health, and natural flavorings industry. The palm oil used in the hydrolysis contains 0.815% initial free fatty acids as palmitate, in which water then added to it in weight ratio 1:3. Each effect of free lipase and immobilized lipase addition is 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, and time reaction is 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 minutes are used as index to determine the amount of free fatty acids produced. The results showed that Immobilized lipase has better ability than the free one in hydrolysis of triglyceride in palm oil producing free fatty acid with 8% lipase addition and time reaction of 120 minutes. Palm oil hydrolysis using free lipase produced the highest FFA of 1.9747% after the addition of 5% lipase concentrate, with time reaction of 60 minutes. Meanwhile, palm oil hydrolysis using immobilized lipase produced the highest FFA of 1.9747% after the addition of 8% lipase concentrate, with time reaction of 120 minutes.","PeriodicalId":17764,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43944085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-23DOI: 10.15294/JBAT.V7I1.11417
W. Widayat, H. Striadi, S. Syaiful, A. Kurnia, Faradilla Driastuti
Red Ginger is a natural ingredient including to spice that contain starch 40-60 % weight. Application of red ginger usually it is taken its extract or to taste of traditional food. The purpose of this research is to know the influence of settling time, the red ginger and solvent ratio, and the temperature of the solvent in the production process of red ginger starch. We hope to get the best condition to get the highest starch yield. The process of making red ginger starch begins with peeled, then washed, shredded, filtered and precipitated. Starch ginger dried by the sun's heat. The best result was obtained at 1 hour sedimentation time with red ginger starch yield 13,3%, red ginger and water ratio 3: 5 (g / g) with yield of red ginger 15,69% and temperature of solvent at 25 ᵒC with yield of red ginger starch 11.17%.
{"title":"STARCH PRODUCTION FROM RED GINGER (Zinggiber officinale Rosc.)","authors":"W. Widayat, H. Striadi, S. Syaiful, A. Kurnia, Faradilla Driastuti","doi":"10.15294/JBAT.V7I1.11417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/JBAT.V7I1.11417","url":null,"abstract":"Red Ginger is a natural ingredient including to spice that contain starch 40-60 % weight. Application of red ginger usually it is taken its extract or to taste of traditional food. The purpose of this research is to know the influence of settling time, the red ginger and solvent ratio, and the temperature of the solvent in the production process of red ginger starch. We hope to get the best condition to get the highest starch yield. The process of making red ginger starch begins with peeled, then washed, shredded, filtered and precipitated. Starch ginger dried by the sun's heat. The best result was obtained at 1 hour sedimentation time with red ginger starch yield 13,3%, red ginger and water ratio 3: 5 (g / g) with yield of red ginger 15,69% and temperature of solvent at 25 ᵒC with yield of red ginger starch 11.17%.","PeriodicalId":17764,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48091227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-22DOI: 10.15294/JBAT.V7I1.13614
D. Darmadi, M. Irfan, M Iqhramullah, M. Marlina, M. R. Lubis
Mercury from the traditional gold mining activities in Aceh Jaya Regency causes water source and thus residents are exposed to mercury metals. In organic and inorganic conditions, mercury is toxic to the human body, causes damage to the nerve system, kidney failure, heart failure, blood pressure disorders, and damage to the immune system. The problem of mercury contamination can be chemically solved in various ways. This research uses polyurethane foam to adsorb mercury from water. The adsorption and selectivity of polyurethane foam adsorption can be improved through modification with Chitosan. In this research, preheating temperature, glycerol and toluene di-isocyanate (TDI) compositions greatly affect the physical form of foam. The condition under which optimal glycerol composition used for synthesizing the polyurethane foams is 20% (w/w of mixture A). This glycerol composition results in polyurethane foams with an optimum ratio of the mixture A/TDI/distilled water of 2 : 1 : 1. The best adsorption is obtained with polyurethane foam added by 2.5% Chitosan. The optimum mercury adsorption 25% is resulted from the operating time of 60 minutes with adsorption capacity of 0.313 mg/g. For Chitosan modified polyurethane foam, research points out that the reaction is the second order reaction. The result concluded that the polymer has semi crystalline crystallization and melting temperatures.
{"title":"SYHNTHESIS OF CHITOSAN MODIFIED POLYURETHANE FOAM FOR ADSOPRTION OF MERCURY (II) IONS","authors":"D. Darmadi, M. Irfan, M Iqhramullah, M. Marlina, M. R. Lubis","doi":"10.15294/JBAT.V7I1.13614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/JBAT.V7I1.13614","url":null,"abstract":"Mercury from the traditional gold mining activities in Aceh Jaya Regency causes water source and thus residents are exposed to mercury metals. In organic and inorganic conditions, mercury is toxic to the human body, causes damage to the nerve system, kidney failure, heart failure, blood pressure disorders, and damage to the immune system. The problem of mercury contamination can be chemically solved in various ways. This research uses polyurethane foam to adsorb mercury from water. The adsorption and selectivity of polyurethane foam adsorption can be improved through modification with Chitosan. In this research, preheating temperature, glycerol and toluene di-isocyanate (TDI) compositions greatly affect the physical form of foam. The condition under which optimal glycerol composition used for synthesizing the polyurethane foams is 20% (w/w of mixture A). This glycerol composition results in polyurethane foams with an optimum ratio of the mixture A/TDI/distilled water of 2 : 1 : 1. The best adsorption is obtained with polyurethane foam added by 2.5% Chitosan. The optimum mercury adsorption 25% is resulted from the operating time of 60 minutes with adsorption capacity of 0.313 mg/g. For Chitosan modified polyurethane foam, research points out that the reaction is the second order reaction. The result concluded that the polymer has semi crystalline crystallization and melting temperatures.","PeriodicalId":17764,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45208221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-22DOI: 10.15294/JBAT.V7I1.12410
Mulhidin Mulhidin, A. T. Yuliansyah, A. Prasetya
Hydrothermal treatment is one of the thermochemical methods to convert complex organic compounds, such as organic waste and biomass, into upgraded solid, bio-oil, and other dissolved chemicals by utilizing the properties of water at near critical condition. Such method is very potential since the process is environmentally friendly and the products have more added values. In this research, conversion of mahogany sawdust (Swietenia macrophylla) using hydrothermal treatment method was studied. The experiments were conducted in a batch autoclave with temperature range of 200-300oC and initial pressure of 1 MPa. At targeted temperature, the process was hold for 30 minutes. In addition, biomass-water ratio (B/W ratio) for experiments was varied at 1:20, 2:20 and 3:20. The liquid products, which were characterized by Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC/MS) instrument, showed the presence of furfural and several organic acids, but no flavonoid compounds. Thus, coloring potential test of hydrothermal liquid was unsuccessful; there were not any color attached on the cloth specimen. On the other hand, proximate and ultimate test results indicated that solid products had high heating value (HHV) of 4625.34-4876.25 cal/g which were comparable to that of sub-bituminous coal.
{"title":"HYDROTHERMAL LIQUEFACTION OF MAHOGANY (Swietenia macrophylla) SAWDUST","authors":"Mulhidin Mulhidin, A. T. Yuliansyah, A. Prasetya","doi":"10.15294/JBAT.V7I1.12410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/JBAT.V7I1.12410","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrothermal treatment is one of the thermochemical methods to convert complex organic compounds, such as organic waste and biomass, into upgraded solid, bio-oil, and other dissolved chemicals by utilizing the properties of water at near critical condition. Such method is very potential since the process is environmentally friendly and the products have more added values. In this research, conversion of mahogany sawdust (Swietenia macrophylla) using hydrothermal treatment method was studied. The experiments were conducted in a batch autoclave with temperature range of 200-300oC and initial pressure of 1 MPa. At targeted temperature, the process was hold for 30 minutes. In addition, biomass-water ratio (B/W ratio) for experiments was varied at 1:20, 2:20 and 3:20. The liquid products, which were characterized by Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC/MS) instrument, showed the presence of furfural and several organic acids, but no flavonoid compounds. Thus, coloring potential test of hydrothermal liquid was unsuccessful; there were not any color attached on the cloth specimen. On the other hand, proximate and ultimate test results indicated that solid products had high heating value (HHV) of 4625.34-4876.25 cal/g which were comparable to that of sub-bituminous coal.","PeriodicalId":17764,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41584582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-26DOI: 10.15294/JBAT.V7I1.11621
M. Maryudi, A. Aktawan, S. Salamah
National energy demand has been fulfilled by non-renewable energy sources, such as natural gas, petroleum, coal and so on. However, non-renewable energy reserves deplete increasingly which can cause an energy crisis. Conversion of biomass into energy becomes one of the solutions to overcome it. Indonesia has an enormous biomass potential especially from sugarcane plantation. Sugarcane plantations produce waste of bagasse abundantly. Commonly bagasse is utilized as energy source by conventional combustion. This research studies the utilization of bagasse as energy source by gasification technology to produce gas fuel. The gasification model used in this research is downdraft gasifier equipped with cyclone to separate gas with solid or liquid gasification products. The result has shown that gasification of bagasse has produced flammable syngas. The increase of bagasse weight increases the amount of syngas of gasification process. Carbon monoxide is the greatest content of syngas, while a few amount of H2, CH4 are also detected. Bagasse through gasification process is very potential source of alternative energy, since it is derived from waste and a cheap material.
{"title":"Conversion of Biomass of Bagasse to Syngas Through Downdraft Gasification","authors":"M. Maryudi, A. Aktawan, S. Salamah","doi":"10.15294/JBAT.V7I1.11621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/JBAT.V7I1.11621","url":null,"abstract":"National energy demand has been fulfilled by non-renewable energy sources, such as natural gas, petroleum, coal and so on. However, non-renewable energy reserves deplete increasingly which can cause an energy crisis. Conversion of biomass into energy becomes one of the solutions to overcome it. Indonesia has an enormous biomass potential especially from sugarcane plantation. Sugarcane plantations produce waste of bagasse abundantly. Commonly bagasse is utilized as energy source by conventional combustion. This research studies the utilization of bagasse as energy source by gasification technology to produce gas fuel. The gasification model used in this research is downdraft gasifier equipped with cyclone to separate gas with solid or liquid gasification products. The result has shown that gasification of bagasse has produced flammable syngas. The increase of bagasse weight increases the amount of syngas of gasification process. Carbon monoxide is the greatest content of syngas, while a few amount of H2, CH4 are also detected. Bagasse through gasification process is very potential source of alternative energy, since it is derived from waste and a cheap material.","PeriodicalId":17764,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46541248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Article Info Abstract Article history: Accepted November 2016 Approved April 2017 Published June 2017 The increasing use of biodiesel as renewable fuels leads to the increasing of glycerol amount as a byproduct of biodiesel production. One of the glycerol derivative products that is environmentally friendly and renewable is glycerol carbonate. Glycerol carbonate is commonly used as a raw material for polymers, surfactants, emulsifiers, lubricants, paints, also used in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, the research was carried out by using a batch reactor with a three-neck flask equipped with reverse cooling, thermometers, mercury stirrer, and heating mantle with the conditions of the reaction temperature around 373 – 413 K, mole ratio of reactants of urea: glycerol were 1:0,5, 1:1, 1:1,5, 1:2 and 1:4 and the concentration of catalyst were 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% respectively. Reaction was done for four hours. The results showed that the formation of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and urea using a catalyst Amberlyst 36 is affected by the catalyst concentration, reaction temperature and the ratio of reactants used. The highest glycerol conversion was obtained at 55.07% at a temperature of 393 K with mole ratio of urea and glycerol 1:0,5 and the percentage of catalyst 3% of the amount of glycerol.
{"title":"The Synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate From Biodiesel Byproduct Glycerol and Urea Over Amberlyst 36","authors":"A. Prasetya, A. Senania, H. Sulistyo","doi":"10.15294/jbat.v6i1.7691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/jbat.v6i1.7691","url":null,"abstract":"Article Info Abstract Article history: Accepted November 2016 Approved April 2017 Published June 2017 The increasing use of biodiesel as renewable fuels leads to the increasing of glycerol amount as a byproduct of biodiesel production. One of the glycerol derivative products that is environmentally friendly and renewable is glycerol carbonate. Glycerol carbonate is commonly used as a raw material for polymers, surfactants, emulsifiers, lubricants, paints, also used in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, the research was carried out by using a batch reactor with a three-neck flask equipped with reverse cooling, thermometers, mercury stirrer, and heating mantle with the conditions of the reaction temperature around 373 – 413 K, mole ratio of reactants of urea: glycerol were 1:0,5, 1:1, 1:1,5, 1:2 and 1:4 and the concentration of catalyst were 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% respectively. Reaction was done for four hours. The results showed that the formation of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and urea using a catalyst Amberlyst 36 is affected by the catalyst concentration, reaction temperature and the ratio of reactants used. The highest glycerol conversion was obtained at 55.07% at a temperature of 393 K with mole ratio of urea and glycerol 1:0,5 and the percentage of catalyst 3% of the amount of glycerol.","PeriodicalId":17764,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42194890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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