Pub Date : 2022-07-12DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v11i1.35844
D. C. Hakika, S. Sarto, A. Mindaryani, M. Hidayat, Z. Mufrodi
Distillery wastewater from the bioethanol industry contains a high level of organic content which can be converted into biogas. However, the presence of toxic compounds in this wastewater could inhibit biogas production. Therefore, prior detoxification of distillery wastewater is required. Fenton, one of the Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) methods, was selected due to its high performance to degrade organic pollutants, short reaction time, and the process is simple and easy. Additionally, this method can also be used as a pretreatment for biogas production. This paper aims to study the improvement of biogas production from distillery wastewater by applying AOP Fenton as a pretreatment method. The experiment consists of two stages, the first was application of AOP Fenton to the distillery wastewater in order to determine its effect on the concentration of COD and some toxic compounds such as phenol and sulfate. The second stage was biogas production through anaerobic digestion process, which was carried out under two conditions of raw materials: (i) distillery wastewater without pretreatment of AOP Fenton as a control and (ii) distillery wastewater that has been treated with AOP Fenton as pretreatment. Results show a remarkable decrease in COD concentration by 45%, phenol (63%), and sulfate (18,6%) from distillery wastewater after applying AOP Fenton. It implies that the application of AOP Fenton significantly detoxified distillery wastewater. As a biogas pretreatment, this method also increased biogas production by 33% higher, from 2.399 mL (without pretreatment) to 3.191 mL (with pretreatment). It indicates that AOP Fenton increased the biodegradability of distillery wastewater. Thus, it was easier to be converted into biogas.
{"title":"Detoxification of Distillery Wastewater by AOP Fenton for the Enhancement of Biogas Production","authors":"D. C. Hakika, S. Sarto, A. Mindaryani, M. Hidayat, Z. Mufrodi","doi":"10.15294/jbat.v11i1.35844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/jbat.v11i1.35844","url":null,"abstract":"Distillery wastewater from the bioethanol industry contains a high level of organic content which can be converted into biogas. However, the presence of toxic compounds in this wastewater could inhibit biogas production. Therefore, prior detoxification of distillery wastewater is required. Fenton, one of the Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) methods, was selected due to its high performance to degrade organic pollutants, short reaction time, and the process is simple and easy. Additionally, this method can also be used as a pretreatment for biogas production. This paper aims to study the improvement of biogas production from distillery wastewater by applying AOP Fenton as a pretreatment method. The experiment consists of two stages, the first was application of AOP Fenton to the distillery wastewater in order to determine its effect on the concentration of COD and some toxic compounds such as phenol and sulfate. The second stage was biogas production through anaerobic digestion process, which was carried out under two conditions of raw materials: (i) distillery wastewater without pretreatment of AOP Fenton as a control and (ii) distillery wastewater that has been treated with AOP Fenton as pretreatment. Results show a remarkable decrease in COD concentration by 45%, phenol (63%), and sulfate (18,6%) from distillery wastewater after applying AOP Fenton. It implies that the application of AOP Fenton significantly detoxified distillery wastewater. As a biogas pretreatment, this method also increased biogas production by 33% higher, from 2.399 mL (without pretreatment) to 3.191 mL (with pretreatment). It indicates that AOP Fenton increased the biodegradability of distillery wastewater. Thus, it was easier to be converted into biogas.","PeriodicalId":17764,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46752740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-12DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v11i1.36124
P. A. Handayani, Idama Kusuma Dewi, Ady Prasetyo
Palm sugar is used as a natural sweetener that is added to food and beverages. The nutritional content in palm sugar can be enriched with the addition of antioxidants derived from red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum). The antioxidant activity of red ginger is 75.61% higher than that of emprit ginger and elephant ginger. The problem that arises during the production process of granulated palm sugar is the drying process that has not considered chemical characteristics, especially water content. The requirement for water content of palm sugar according to SNI 01-3743-1995 is a maximum of 3%. Moisture content is the main parameter that determines the quality of granulated palm sugar to long shelf life. Water content can affect other chemical characteristics such as sucrose, reducing sugar, ash content, calories, protein, fat, and carbohydrates. This optimization is using RSM (Response Surface Methodology) CCD model (Central Composite Design) on Software Statistica 10 with 20 treatments. The independent variables used were time (4-6 hours), material weight (100-300) grams, and material size (10-26 mesh). Data processing with Statistica 10 software resulted in the optimum water content condition of 2.9019%, with the drying process conditions covering 6.68 hours, material weight 368.18 grams, and material size 31.45 mesh. Validation was carried out to test the accuracy of the optimization results from Statistica 10 Software. The validation of the moisture content results obtained a value of 2.9016%, with an error percentage of 0.0003%. The chemical characteristic test was applied to the granulated palm sugar as a result of optimization so that the value of sucrose (96.5967%) was obtained, reducing sugar (6.0434%), ash content (1.8660%), calories (379.93%), protein (2,4268%), fat (0.3972%), and carbohydrates (91,5379%)
{"title":"Optimization of Drying Process for Production Red Ginger Granulated Palm Sugar Using Response Surface Methodology","authors":"P. A. Handayani, Idama Kusuma Dewi, Ady Prasetyo","doi":"10.15294/jbat.v11i1.36124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/jbat.v11i1.36124","url":null,"abstract":"Palm sugar is used as a natural sweetener that is added to food and beverages. The nutritional content in palm sugar can be enriched with the addition of antioxidants derived from red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum). The antioxidant activity of red ginger is 75.61% higher than that of emprit ginger and elephant ginger. The problem that arises during the production process of granulated palm sugar is the drying process that has not considered chemical characteristics, especially water content. The requirement for water content of palm sugar according to SNI 01-3743-1995 is a maximum of 3%. Moisture content is the main parameter that determines the quality of granulated palm sugar to long shelf life. Water content can affect other chemical characteristics such as sucrose, reducing sugar, ash content, calories, protein, fat, and carbohydrates. This optimization is using RSM (Response Surface Methodology) CCD model (Central Composite Design) on Software Statistica 10 with 20 treatments. The independent variables used were time (4-6 hours), material weight (100-300) grams, and material size (10-26 mesh). Data processing with Statistica 10 software resulted in the optimum water content condition of 2.9019%, with the drying process conditions covering 6.68 hours, material weight 368.18 grams, and material size 31.45 mesh. Validation was carried out to test the accuracy of the optimization results from Statistica 10 Software. The validation of the moisture content results obtained a value of 2.9016%, with an error percentage of 0.0003%. The chemical characteristic test was applied to the granulated palm sugar as a result of optimization so that the value of sucrose (96.5967%) was obtained, reducing sugar (6.0434%), ash content (1.8660%), calories (379.93%), protein (2,4268%), fat (0.3972%), and carbohydrates (91,5379%)","PeriodicalId":17764,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42722852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v11i1.37475
N. Hindryawati, G. P. Maniam, Irvan Resi Pratama, R. Gunawan, S. Koesnarpadi
Sonocatalysis was used to study phenol degradation using a ZnO/WO3 composite. The degradation was assisted by ultrasonic waves at 40 KHz and conducted using the sonocatalysis technique. The degradation percentage was calculated using data from the UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The composite characterization results showed that the samples containing WO3, ZnO and also contained a new structure ZnWO4. The morphological length and width of the composites were revealed by SEM examination. Furthermore, heterogeneous particle sizes were discovered. The surface area of composite was bigger than before combined. The optimum condition in degradation of phenol by ZnO-WO3 composite are 0,4 g of catalyst at 30 ppm of phenol, 7 min reaction time with the greatest phenol degradation at 92,5%. The catalyst can be reused 5 times to degrade phenol at 85%. The composite catalyst and assisted with ultrasonic as the sonocatalytic technique are one of the most environmentally and cost effective.
{"title":"Study of Sonocatalytic Activity ZnO-WO3 Composite on Degradation Phenol in Aqueous Solution","authors":"N. Hindryawati, G. P. Maniam, Irvan Resi Pratama, R. Gunawan, S. Koesnarpadi","doi":"10.15294/jbat.v11i1.37475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/jbat.v11i1.37475","url":null,"abstract":"Sonocatalysis was used to study phenol degradation using a ZnO/WO3 composite. The degradation was assisted by ultrasonic waves at 40 KHz and conducted using the sonocatalysis technique. The degradation percentage was calculated using data from the UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The composite characterization results showed that the samples containing WO3, ZnO and also contained a new structure ZnWO4. The morphological length and width of the composites were revealed by SEM examination. Furthermore, heterogeneous particle sizes were discovered. The surface area of composite was bigger than before combined. The optimum condition in degradation of phenol by ZnO-WO3 composite are 0,4 g of catalyst at 30 ppm of phenol, 7 min reaction time with the greatest phenol degradation at 92,5%. The catalyst can be reused 5 times to degrade phenol at 85%. The composite catalyst and assisted with ultrasonic as the sonocatalytic technique are one of the most environmentally and cost effective.","PeriodicalId":17764,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42899406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v11i1.36939
W. Astuti, Rayhan Mukti Ramadhan, Vista Ayudya Octaviany
Biogas has emerged as a promising alternative to gasoline due to the depletion of fossil energy and environmental concerns. An investigation was conducted to study the technical feasibility of an adsorbed natural gas (ANG) storage system using petung bamboo-activated carbons. The activated carbons were prepared by microwave-assisted pyrolysis (MAP) and a hybrid heating system for comparison. Microwave-assisted pyrolysis is a promising alternative technology for biochar production because it has several advantages over conventional pyrolysis such as uniform heating temperature, lower energy consumption, and uniform pore size. The characteristics of the obtained activated carbons were evaluated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that the higher power led to the shorter pyrolysis time. However, at a certain point, the higher power causes the biomass is not degraded completely. In this case, a microwave oven with 2 magnetrons produces a better heating temperature profile than the use of 1 magnetron. The character of activated carbon prepared using 70% power output (1120 W) is better than activated carbon prepared using 60% power output (960 W). In this condition, the pore size is more uniform and the number of functional groups is less. This implies that the petung bamboo activated carbon is the ideal candidate for ANG storage.
{"title":"Synthesis of Activated Carbon from Petung Bamboo Stems (Dendrocalamus Asper) Using Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis (MAP) Process for Biogas Storage","authors":"W. Astuti, Rayhan Mukti Ramadhan, Vista Ayudya Octaviany","doi":"10.15294/jbat.v11i1.36939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/jbat.v11i1.36939","url":null,"abstract":"Biogas has emerged as a promising alternative to gasoline due to the depletion of fossil energy and environmental concerns. An investigation was conducted to study the technical feasibility of an adsorbed natural gas (ANG) storage system using petung bamboo-activated carbons. The activated carbons were prepared by microwave-assisted pyrolysis (MAP) and a hybrid heating system for comparison. Microwave-assisted pyrolysis is a promising alternative technology for biochar production because it has several advantages over conventional pyrolysis such as uniform heating temperature, lower energy consumption, and uniform pore size. The characteristics of the obtained activated carbons were evaluated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that the higher power led to the shorter pyrolysis time. However, at a certain point, the higher power causes the biomass is not degraded completely. In this case, a microwave oven with 2 magnetrons produces a better heating temperature profile than the use of 1 magnetron. The character of activated carbon prepared using 70% power output (1120 W) is better than activated carbon prepared using 60% power output (960 W). In this condition, the pore size is more uniform and the number of functional groups is less. This implies that the petung bamboo activated carbon is the ideal candidate for ANG storage.","PeriodicalId":17764,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43249614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v11i1.35254
U. H. Hasyim, F. Sari, Ika Kurniaty, Annisya Ramadhani
Ciplukan contains bioactive substances in the form of flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, polyphenols, vitamin C, stearic acid, palmitic acid. Bioactive substances from natural ingredients are known to function as immunomodulators that can increase the body's immune system, activate the body's natural defenses and restore immune system imbalances. Immunomodulators are important in studies related to the issue of the coronavirus disease 19 (Covid-19) pandemic. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the extraction time on the ultrasonic method on the flavonoid yield of ciplukan plants using methanol as a solvent. The method used is ultrasonication extraction with a variable extraction time. The analysis was carried out by qualitative analysis using a solution of qursetin to determine the concentration of flavonoids. The results of the study obtained the optimum flavonoid concentration at the extraction time of 15 minutes
{"title":"Effect of Ultrasonication Extraction Time on Determination of Flavonoid Levels in Ciplukan Plants","authors":"U. H. Hasyim, F. Sari, Ika Kurniaty, Annisya Ramadhani","doi":"10.15294/jbat.v11i1.35254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/jbat.v11i1.35254","url":null,"abstract":"Ciplukan contains bioactive substances in the form of flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, polyphenols, vitamin C, stearic acid, palmitic acid. Bioactive substances from natural ingredients are known to function as immunomodulators that can increase the body's immune system, activate the body's natural defenses and restore immune system imbalances. Immunomodulators are important in studies related to the issue of the coronavirus disease 19 (Covid-19) pandemic. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the extraction time on the ultrasonic method on the flavonoid yield of ciplukan plants using methanol as a solvent. The method used is ultrasonication extraction with a variable extraction time. The analysis was carried out by qualitative analysis using a solution of qursetin to determine the concentration of flavonoids. The results of the study obtained the optimum flavonoid concentration at the extraction time of 15 minutes","PeriodicalId":17764,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46983330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v11i1.33426
Ferika Indrasari, Buanasari Buanasari
Kedawung (Parkia biglobosa) contains various ingredients such as alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, and terpenoids. The flavonoid content in Kedawung is thought to have an antioxidant effect. Antioxidants are able to counteract free radicals that enter the body by donating electrons and binding them. Currently, the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method is widely used because the solute mass transfer from the sample matrix into the solvent is higher than the Soxhlet method. The following study aimed to know the effect of solvent ratio and extraction time on the extraction yield, flavonoid concentration, and antioxidant activity of kedawung leaf through microwave-assisted extraction. In this method, we used 40% ethanol to make the varied solute: solvent ratio such as 1:20, 1:30, 1:40, and 1:50. The extraction time used in this method was 4-7 minutes respectively. Microwave-assisted extraction has good performance to extract the active substance in Kedawung leaves. The highest yield 16.36%, total flavonoid content (57.32±2,2 mg QE/g extract), and DPPH scavenging activity (88.87±1.062%) was obtained in the extraction with a solids-solvent ratio of 1:40 g/mL, at an extraction time of 6 minutes. This method promises to take the active substance in a short time.
{"title":"The Effect of Solvent Ratio and Extraction Time on Antioxidant Activity and Flavonoid Concentration of Kedawung Leaf (Parkia Biglobosa) Through Microwave-Assisted Extraction","authors":"Ferika Indrasari, Buanasari Buanasari","doi":"10.15294/jbat.v11i1.33426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/jbat.v11i1.33426","url":null,"abstract":"Kedawung (Parkia biglobosa) contains various ingredients such as alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, and terpenoids. The flavonoid content in Kedawung is thought to have an antioxidant effect. Antioxidants are able to counteract free radicals that enter the body by donating electrons and binding them. Currently, the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method is widely used because the solute mass transfer from the sample matrix into the solvent is higher than the Soxhlet method. The following study aimed to know the effect of solvent ratio and extraction time on the extraction yield, flavonoid concentration, and antioxidant activity of kedawung leaf through microwave-assisted extraction. In this method, we used 40% ethanol to make the varied solute: solvent ratio such as 1:20, 1:30, 1:40, and 1:50. The extraction time used in this method was 4-7 minutes respectively. Microwave-assisted extraction has good performance to extract the active substance in Kedawung leaves. The highest yield 16.36%, total flavonoid content (57.32±2,2 mg QE/g extract), and DPPH scavenging activity (88.87±1.062%) was obtained in the extraction with a solids-solvent ratio of 1:40 g/mL, at an extraction time of 6 minutes. This method promises to take the active substance in a short time.","PeriodicalId":17764,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49514083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v11i1.35527
Sutikno Madnasri1974, M. Zakaria, S. Edi, P. Marwoto
The eco-friendly brake composite has been still an interesting issue in the development of brake friction materials. Wastes of S. Macrophylla (mahogany) fruit skin and coal fly ash are available as organic ingredients of bio-composite brakes. In this research, we investigated the effects of both ingredients on the brake composite properties which were fabricated using hot isostatic pressing at temperature 200 °C and pressure 5 kN for 3 h. The specimens were prepared in some volume fractions of carbon (2 vol% - 12 vol%). As a result, several tested specimens containing mahogany fruit skin carbon revealed maximum Rockwell hardness 69 HRB, wear 2.49x10-4mm2/kg, and water absorption 2.72 %, while specimens containing coal fly ash showed 78 HRB, 1.1x10-3mm2/kg, and 3.5 %, respectively. The brake composites containing coal fly ash performed better than ones containing mahogany fruit skin carbon. The hardness and wear of these two types of brake composite friction materials meet the minimum criteria required by SAE, JA661, and are close to the quality of the brake pads of two commercial brake composite materials. Water absorption in the brake lining specimens with mahogany leather carbon showed that the addition of the volume fraction caused an increase in water absorption, while the specimen containing coal fly ash showed that the increase in the carbon volume fraction caused a decrease in water absorption.
{"title":"The Carbon of Swietenia Machrophylla Fruit Peel and Coal Fly Ash as Bio-Composite Brake Ingredients","authors":"Sutikno Madnasri1974, M. Zakaria, S. Edi, P. Marwoto","doi":"10.15294/jbat.v11i1.35527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/jbat.v11i1.35527","url":null,"abstract":"The eco-friendly brake composite has been still an interesting issue in the development of brake friction materials. Wastes of S. Macrophylla (mahogany) fruit skin and coal fly ash are available as organic ingredients of bio-composite brakes. In this research, we investigated the effects of both ingredients on the brake composite properties which were fabricated using hot isostatic pressing at temperature 200 °C and pressure 5 kN for 3 h. The specimens were prepared in some volume fractions of carbon (2 vol% - 12 vol%). As a result, several tested specimens containing mahogany fruit skin carbon revealed maximum Rockwell hardness 69 HRB, wear 2.49x10-4mm2/kg, and water absorption 2.72 %, while specimens containing coal fly ash showed 78 HRB, 1.1x10-3mm2/kg, and 3.5 %, respectively. The brake composites containing coal fly ash performed better than ones containing mahogany fruit skin carbon. The hardness and wear of these two types of brake composite friction materials meet the minimum criteria required by SAE, JA661, and are close to the quality of the brake pads of two commercial brake composite materials. Water absorption in the brake lining specimens with mahogany leather carbon showed that the addition of the volume fraction caused an increase in water absorption, while the specimen containing coal fly ash showed that the increase in the carbon volume fraction caused a decrease in water absorption.","PeriodicalId":17764,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42679829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v11i1.37171
N. Nuraini, N. Osman, Erna Astuti
Pyrolysis process using abundantly available biomass waste fabric is a promising, renewable, and sustainable energy supply for bio-oil production. In this study, the pyrolysis of waste biomass determines the highest yield of diverse parameters of material type, temperature, reactor, method, and analysis used. From the differences in the parameters stated above, there is an opportunity to select the proper parameters to get the desired nice and quantity of bio-oil and the very best bio-oil yield. The maximum yield of each bio-oil product for pyrolysis primarily based on the above parameters was 68.9%; 56.9%; 44.4%; 44.16%; 41.05%; 39.99%. The bio-oil made out of pyrolysis was changed into analyzed using GC-MS, ft-IR, NMR, TGA, SEM, Thermogravimetric analysis, HHV, FESEM evaluation methods and the substances used had been plastic, seaweeds, oat straw, rice straw , water hyacinth, timber sawdust, sawdust, microalgae.
{"title":"Bio-Oil Production Using Waste Biomass via Pyrolysis Process: Mini Review","authors":"N. Nuraini, N. Osman, Erna Astuti","doi":"10.15294/jbat.v11i1.37171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/jbat.v11i1.37171","url":null,"abstract":"Pyrolysis process using abundantly available biomass waste fabric is a promising, renewable, and sustainable energy supply for bio-oil production. In this study, the pyrolysis of waste biomass determines the highest yield of diverse parameters of material type, temperature, reactor, method, and analysis used. From the differences in the parameters stated above, there is an opportunity to select the proper parameters to get the desired nice and quantity of bio-oil and the very best bio-oil yield. The maximum yield of each bio-oil product for pyrolysis primarily based on the above parameters was 68.9%; 56.9%; 44.4%; 44.16%; 41.05%; 39.99%. The bio-oil made out of pyrolysis was changed into analyzed using GC-MS, ft-IR, NMR, TGA, SEM, Thermogravimetric analysis, HHV, FESEM evaluation methods and the substances used had been plastic, seaweeds, oat straw, rice straw , water hyacinth, timber sawdust, sawdust, microalgae.","PeriodicalId":17764,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45277934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v10i2.31600
K. W. Prasetiyo, D. Hermawan, Y. Hadi, Subyakto Subyakto, M. Firdaus, F. A. Syamani, L. Astari
Particleboard is a panel product made of wood particles or other lignocellulosic materials added with adhesive then pressed. The development of particleboard manufactured using non wood biomass has become important due to the decreased of wood as main raw material for the particleboard industry. Corn husk (Zea mays L.) and Sembilang bamboo (Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro) are lignocellulosic biomass that has potential as renewable materials for hybrid particleboard. The purposes of this study were to determine the suitability, the effect of adhesive type, and particle composition on physical and mechanical properties of hybrid particleboard made of corn husk and Sembilang bamboo particles. The adhesive types used were urea formaldehyde (UF) and phenol formaldehyde (PF) with 10 wt% adhesive content and the composition of corn husk : Sembilang bamboo was set at 100 : 0, 75 : 25, 50 : 50, 25 : 75, 0 : 100 (% w/w). The target density of hybrid particleboard was set at 0.80 g/cm3. The boards were manufactured at 130 °C for UF and 150 °C for PF press temperature, 10 minutes and 2.5 MPa for the pressure of the hot press. The results showed that hybrid particleboard properties improved with increasing the amount of Sembilang bamboo particles in the board. Hybrid particleboard properties affected in ascending order were modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), internal bond (IB) and screw holding power (SHP). Generally, hybrid particleboard bonded PF adhesive has better properties than bonded UF adhesive. Results indicated that the addition of Sembilang bamboo particles in the mixture resulted in better properties of hybrid particleboard.
{"title":"Hybrid Particleboard Made of Corn Husk (Zea Mays L.) and Sembilang Bamboo (Dendrocalamus Giganteus Munro): Effect of Adhesive Type and Particle Composition","authors":"K. W. Prasetiyo, D. Hermawan, Y. Hadi, Subyakto Subyakto, M. Firdaus, F. A. Syamani, L. Astari","doi":"10.15294/jbat.v10i2.31600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/jbat.v10i2.31600","url":null,"abstract":"Particleboard is a panel product made of wood particles or other lignocellulosic materials added with adhesive then pressed. The development of particleboard manufactured using non wood biomass has become important due to the decreased of wood as main raw material for the particleboard industry. Corn husk (Zea mays L.) and Sembilang bamboo (Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro) are lignocellulosic biomass that has potential as renewable materials for hybrid particleboard. The purposes of this study were to determine the suitability, the effect of adhesive type, and particle composition on physical and mechanical properties of hybrid particleboard made of corn husk and Sembilang bamboo particles. The adhesive types used were urea formaldehyde (UF) and phenol formaldehyde (PF) with 10 wt% adhesive content and the composition of corn husk : Sembilang bamboo was set at 100 : 0, 75 : 25, 50 : 50, 25 : 75, 0 : 100 (% w/w). The target density of hybrid particleboard was set at 0.80 g/cm3. The boards were manufactured at 130 °C for UF and 150 °C for PF press temperature, 10 minutes and 2.5 MPa for the pressure of the hot press. The results showed that hybrid particleboard properties improved with increasing the amount of Sembilang bamboo particles in the board. Hybrid particleboard properties affected in ascending order were modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), internal bond (IB) and screw holding power (SHP). Generally, hybrid particleboard bonded PF adhesive has better properties than bonded UF adhesive. Results indicated that the addition of Sembilang bamboo particles in the mixture resulted in better properties of hybrid particleboard.","PeriodicalId":17764,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46483333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-20DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v10i2.33471
A. A. Asfar, A. T. Asfar
One of the local honey of South Sulawesi is Trigona honey which comes from Trigona spp. There are three types of trigona bees in South Sulawesi with each colony consisting of 300-80,000 individuals. Trigona bees are found nesting in hollow places such as logs, tree holes, and cracks in the walls of houses. The nest entrance is made of plant resin mixed with soil and mud, with different shapes and colors depending on the species. This type of bee produces a lot of propolis compared to honey and the price of honey produced is much higher because it has a chemical content (health benefits) that is much better than ordinary honey from the Apis mellifera group. This study was designed by extracting in ethanolic process at a concentration of 70%. The choice of concentration was based on previous research with an extraction temperature of 60 °C. The treatment of this research is to vary the time, namely 10 minutes, 20 minutes, and 30 minutes as a setting for the extraction time. Each treatment will be carried out in duplicate. This shows that in the honeycomb waste Trigona spp. contains terpenoids which are classified as antioxidants. Therefore, beehive waste Trigona spp. potential to be used as a source of antioxidants. In addition, several compounds are also relatively large antibacterial and anti-microbial compounds contained in the waste of Trigona spp beehives. The optimum solvent used by comparing the percentage of abundance (abundance/relative) through the percentage of the area and molecular stability after fragmentation is through the ethanolic process using ethanol solvent with percent abundance at 218 m/z and 189 m/z with the largest compound contained is Methyl Commate A and Alpha-Amyrin
{"title":"Analysis of Molecular Stability on Waste Extracts of Trigona spp. Bees Haves. Ethanolically","authors":"A. A. Asfar, A. T. Asfar","doi":"10.15294/jbat.v10i2.33471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/jbat.v10i2.33471","url":null,"abstract":"One of the local honey of South Sulawesi is Trigona honey which comes from Trigona spp. There are three types of trigona bees in South Sulawesi with each colony consisting of 300-80,000 individuals. Trigona bees are found nesting in hollow places such as logs, tree holes, and cracks in the walls of houses. The nest entrance is made of plant resin mixed with soil and mud, with different shapes and colors depending on the species. This type of bee produces a lot of propolis compared to honey and the price of honey produced is much higher because it has a chemical content (health benefits) that is much better than ordinary honey from the Apis mellifera group. This study was designed by extracting in ethanolic process at a concentration of 70%. The choice of concentration was based on previous research with an extraction temperature of 60 °C. The treatment of this research is to vary the time, namely 10 minutes, 20 minutes, and 30 minutes as a setting for the extraction time. Each treatment will be carried out in duplicate. This shows that in the honeycomb waste Trigona spp. contains terpenoids which are classified as antioxidants. Therefore, beehive waste Trigona spp. potential to be used as a source of antioxidants. In addition, several compounds are also relatively large antibacterial and anti-microbial compounds contained in the waste of Trigona spp beehives. The optimum solvent used by comparing the percentage of abundance (abundance/relative) through the percentage of the area and molecular stability after fragmentation is through the ethanolic process using ethanol solvent with percent abundance at 218 m/z and 189 m/z with the largest compound contained is Methyl Commate A and Alpha-Amyrin","PeriodicalId":17764,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45689671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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