Pub Date : 2021-12-20DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v10i2.33351
M. Maryudi, S. Salamah, A. Rahayu
The development of the textile industry has had a positive impact on economic growth in Indonesia. Batik is one of the products of the textile industry that is proliferating in Indonesia. Dyes are the main ingredients in the textile and batik industrial process. One of the dyes used is indigosol, and about 15% of the total dyes used will result in industrial liquid waste. The presence of these dyes can damage the water and soil ecosystems. Liquid sewage treatment is needed to minimize the amount of contamination against groundwater and surface water. A standard method used in the handling of liquid waste is by adsorption process with various adsorbents. Commonly used adsorbents are silica gel, activated alumina, zeolite, polymer, and activated carbon. Activated charcoal from mangroves becomes an alternative to natural adsorbents with a large surface area. The ability of activated charcoal as an adsorbent was the focus of this study, both by the activation process by Fe cations and the addition of hydrogen peroxide activators. Characterization using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer is performed to see changes in indigosol concentration during the adsorption process. Results have shown that charcoal with Fe and H2O2 give a better performance on adsorption of indigosol than pure charcoal. Removal of indigosol by charcoal + Fe and H2O2 can reach 51%.
{"title":"The Capability of Mangrove Charcoal in Adsorption Process of Indigosol Substance in Wastewater of Batik Industry","authors":"M. Maryudi, S. Salamah, A. Rahayu","doi":"10.15294/jbat.v10i2.33351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/jbat.v10i2.33351","url":null,"abstract":"The development of the textile industry has had a positive impact on economic growth in Indonesia. Batik is one of the products of the textile industry that is proliferating in Indonesia. Dyes are the main ingredients in the textile and batik industrial process. One of the dyes used is indigosol, and about 15% of the total dyes used will result in industrial liquid waste. The presence of these dyes can damage the water and soil ecosystems. Liquid sewage treatment is needed to minimize the amount of contamination against groundwater and surface water. A standard method used in the handling of liquid waste is by adsorption process with various adsorbents. Commonly used adsorbents are silica gel, activated alumina, zeolite, polymer, and activated carbon. Activated charcoal from mangroves becomes an alternative to natural adsorbents with a large surface area. The ability of activated charcoal as an adsorbent was the focus of this study, both by the activation process by Fe cations and the addition of hydrogen peroxide activators. Characterization using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer is performed to see changes in indigosol concentration during the adsorption process. Results have shown that charcoal with Fe and H2O2 give a better performance on adsorption of indigosol than pure charcoal. Removal of indigosol by charcoal + Fe and H2O2 can reach 51%.","PeriodicalId":17764,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43010370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-20DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v10i2.33488
Ria Yolanda Arundina, Indri Permana, Ester Rimma Suryani Togatorop, I. Ismadi, S. S. Kusumah, I. Budiman, Subyakto Subyakto, R. Marlina
Lignocellulosic biomass is a biological residue from the agricultural or forestry industry which is composed of polymeric cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and other extractive components. One of the products in the utilization of lignocellulosic biomass waste is activated carbon products. In this study, two types of lignocellulosic biomass waste were used, namely Empty Palm Oil Bunches (OPEFB) and Mahogany Sawdust (MS) to be converted into activated carbon using the hydrothermal-pyrolysis method. Potassium hydroxide (KOH) was used as an activating agent at high concentrations (50% w/w) to improve the adsorption mechanism in activated carbon material. Proximate analysis was carried out to obtain information related to yield, moisture content, and ash content. In addition, activated carbon samples were characterized using FTIR, XRD, and FESEM to observe the chemical bonds, structure, and morphology of activated carbon, respectively. The proximate analysis showed that the activated carbon sample had met the SNI 63-3730-1995 standard for technical activated carbon on the parameters of water content and ash content, while the FTIR spectrum showed the mechanism of biomass conversion from raw materials to activated carbon on a chemical bond approach. Furthermore, the XRD graph shows a reduction in the crystal size of the material from raw material to activated carbon material. Finally, the FESEM image shows a significant increase in the quality and quantity of pores on the carbon material before and after activation.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Lignocellulosic Biomass: Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches and Mahogany Sawdust","authors":"Ria Yolanda Arundina, Indri Permana, Ester Rimma Suryani Togatorop, I. Ismadi, S. S. Kusumah, I. Budiman, Subyakto Subyakto, R. Marlina","doi":"10.15294/jbat.v10i2.33488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/jbat.v10i2.33488","url":null,"abstract":"Lignocellulosic biomass is a biological residue from the agricultural or forestry industry which is composed of polymeric cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and other extractive components. One of the products in the utilization of lignocellulosic biomass waste is activated carbon products. In this study, two types of lignocellulosic biomass waste were used, namely Empty Palm Oil Bunches (OPEFB) and Mahogany Sawdust (MS) to be converted into activated carbon using the hydrothermal-pyrolysis method. Potassium hydroxide (KOH) was used as an activating agent at high concentrations (50% w/w) to improve the adsorption mechanism in activated carbon material. Proximate analysis was carried out to obtain information related to yield, moisture content, and ash content. In addition, activated carbon samples were characterized using FTIR, XRD, and FESEM to observe the chemical bonds, structure, and morphology of activated carbon, respectively. The proximate analysis showed that the activated carbon sample had met the SNI 63-3730-1995 standard for technical activated carbon on the parameters of water content and ash content, while the FTIR spectrum showed the mechanism of biomass conversion from raw materials to activated carbon on a chemical bond approach. Furthermore, the XRD graph shows a reduction in the crystal size of the material from raw material to activated carbon material. Finally, the FESEM image shows a significant increase in the quality and quantity of pores on the carbon material before and after activation.","PeriodicalId":17764,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43945752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-20DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v10i2.34056
A. Azwar, Mukhlishien Mukhlishien, A. Muslim, Putri Hadissa, Utari Hadi Ningsih, M. F. Zanil, J. M. Ali
Through engineering the fermentation process, it is hoped that new data can be obtained that will explain the ability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to maximize the production of single-cell protein (SCP). SCP microorganisms have a high protein content, making them suitable for use as a human protein source as well as food additives in the cattle and fishing industries. The goal of this experiment is to see if the microbe Saccharomyces cerevisiae can generate SCP from banana peel waste. Some of the process variables used in this study include the variation in nutrition, fermentation time, and the effect of pH variations on SCP production. Where the variation in pH used is 3; 3.5; 4; 4.5; 5; and 5.5. As for the nutrients used, namely (NH4)2SO4 and KH2PO4 with a variety of nutrients, namely 0; 0.3; 0.6; 0.9; and 1.2 grams. Then the fermentation time was varied to 1,2,3,4 days. This study also analyzed the growth of microorganism cells using wet weight and dry weight with variations in pH and nutrition. The variation in nutrition is the same as the variation in the previous analysis of protein content, and the fermentation time is 1,2,3,4,5,6, and 7. In the analysis of protein content with Kjeldahl protein, the obtained optimal pH is 4.5 and the optimal protein content is 0.6 grams. As for the fermentation time, the optimal protein content is obtained on the 4th day. For the growth of microorganisms, the optimal pH is obtained at a pH value of 4.5 with optimal nutrition of 0.6 grams, and the optimal fermentation time is obtained on the 7th day.
{"title":"Production of Single Cell Protein from Banana Peel Waste in Batch Fermentation Using Saccharomyces Cerevisiae","authors":"A. Azwar, Mukhlishien Mukhlishien, A. Muslim, Putri Hadissa, Utari Hadi Ningsih, M. F. Zanil, J. M. Ali","doi":"10.15294/jbat.v10i2.34056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/jbat.v10i2.34056","url":null,"abstract":"Through engineering the fermentation process, it is hoped that new data can be obtained that will explain the ability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to maximize the production of single-cell protein (SCP). SCP microorganisms have a high protein content, making them suitable for use as a human protein source as well as food additives in the cattle and fishing industries. The goal of this experiment is to see if the microbe Saccharomyces cerevisiae can generate SCP from banana peel waste. Some of the process variables used in this study include the variation in nutrition, fermentation time, and the effect of pH variations on SCP production. Where the variation in pH used is 3; 3.5; 4; 4.5; 5; and 5.5. As for the nutrients used, namely (NH4)2SO4 and KH2PO4 with a variety of nutrients, namely 0; 0.3; 0.6; 0.9; and 1.2 grams. Then the fermentation time was varied to 1,2,3,4 days. This study also analyzed the growth of microorganism cells using wet weight and dry weight with variations in pH and nutrition. The variation in nutrition is the same as the variation in the previous analysis of protein content, and the fermentation time is 1,2,3,4,5,6, and 7. In the analysis of protein content with Kjeldahl protein, the obtained optimal pH is 4.5 and the optimal protein content is 0.6 grams. As for the fermentation time, the optimal protein content is obtained on the 4th day. For the growth of microorganisms, the optimal pH is obtained at a pH value of 4.5 with optimal nutrition of 0.6 grams, and the optimal fermentation time is obtained on the 7th day.","PeriodicalId":17764,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45190514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-20DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v10i2.32196
H. Dewajani, A. Chumaidi, A. S. Suryandari, E. N. Dewi, M. Ahsan
Glycerol is a by-product of biodiesel production with the amount of 10% of the total biodiesel product. To increase the utility and economic value of glycerol, it can be processed into several derivative products. One of the glycerol derivative products is currently being developed through the acetylation process. Glycerol acetylation product has been investigated as a component that can be used to increase the octane number of commercial fuels, otherwise known as bio-additives or octane boosters. This study aims to convert glycerol from the by-product of biodiesel production through the acetylation process using a modified solid catalyst Ni/γ-Al2O3 in a fixed bed reactor. The focus of this research is to study the effect of reactant flow rate and the mole ratio of glycerol to acetic acid on glycerol conversion. The variations used were flow rates of feed from 40, 60, 80 and 100 ml/minute, and the mole ratio of glycerol to acetic acid was 1:3, 1:5, 1:7, and 1:9. The experiment was carried out in several stages, namely: preparation and modification of the catalyst, the acetylation process and product application into commercial fuels. The acetylation reaction took place at a temperature of 100 °C and the mass of the catalyst used was 5% of the mass of glycerol. The results showed that the highest conversion of 74.24% was achieved under operating conditions with a reactant flow rate of 40 ml/min and glycerol to acetic acid mole ratio of 1:9. The utilization of acetylation products as bio-additives is carried out by adding reaction products to Pertamax fuel. The highest increase in octane number of Pertamax fuel at the addition of 8% volume of acetylation product from the initial octane number of 93 increased to 102 (increased by 10%).
{"title":"Characterization and Preparation of Ni/γAl2O3 Catalyst for Acetylation of Glycerol in a Fixed Bed Reactor Applied as an Octane Booster for Commercial Fuels","authors":"H. Dewajani, A. Chumaidi, A. S. Suryandari, E. N. Dewi, M. Ahsan","doi":"10.15294/jbat.v10i2.32196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/jbat.v10i2.32196","url":null,"abstract":"Glycerol is a by-product of biodiesel production with the amount of 10% of the total biodiesel product. To increase the utility and economic value of glycerol, it can be processed into several derivative products. One of the glycerol derivative products is currently being developed through the acetylation process. Glycerol acetylation product has been investigated as a component that can be used to increase the octane number of commercial fuels, otherwise known as bio-additives or octane boosters. This study aims to convert glycerol from the by-product of biodiesel production through the acetylation process using a modified solid catalyst Ni/γ-Al2O3 in a fixed bed reactor. The focus of this research is to study the effect of reactant flow rate and the mole ratio of glycerol to acetic acid on glycerol conversion. The variations used were flow rates of feed from 40, 60, 80 and 100 ml/minute, and the mole ratio of glycerol to acetic acid was 1:3, 1:5, 1:7, and 1:9. The experiment was carried out in several stages, namely: preparation and modification of the catalyst, the acetylation process and product application into commercial fuels. The acetylation reaction took place at a temperature of 100 °C and the mass of the catalyst used was 5% of the mass of glycerol. The results showed that the highest conversion of 74.24% was achieved under operating conditions with a reactant flow rate of 40 ml/min and glycerol to acetic acid mole ratio of 1:9. The utilization of acetylation products as bio-additives is carried out by adding reaction products to Pertamax fuel. The highest increase in octane number of Pertamax fuel at the addition of 8% volume of acetylation product from the initial octane number of 93 increased to 102 (increased by 10%).","PeriodicalId":17764,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44603393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-20DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v10i2.34070
Gita Novian Hermana, R. Kusnowo, Wiwik Purwadi, Yusuf Pradesar
The production of material with high precission and high complexity has been rapidly increasing in several industrial sector. The high accuracy is difficult to achieve during manufacturing due to vibration factors that influenced the final product of material. In this study the relationship between particle size and percentage of marble aggregate with epoxy resin on damping capacity was studied systematically. The Composite materials were fabricated by using conventional casting technique with 10, 25, and 50% volume fraction of resin and two marble aggregate groups with 0.5-0.7 mm and 1.4-2.0 mm in particle size. The casting process was using multilayer pouring technologies to prevent void formation. 10% epoxy resin-fine marble aggregate has very good vibration result with 0.003 mm in displacement, 0.23 mm/s in velocity, and 0.2 m/s2 in acceleration. The 10% epoxy resin-fine marble aggregate also has the best damping ratio among the composite due to the large specific area and porosity inside the marble material with value of 0.5%. The multilayer pour techniques for composite has been successfully adapted in this study to minimalize void/bubble formation inside and upperside of epoxy resin during the fabrication of composite. The secondary electron image of composite was observed that the marble aggregates and epoxy resin bonding are very good and no crack or void formation in the interface of the marble aggregate and epoxy resin.
{"title":"The Effect of Aggregate Size and Resin Fraction on The Damping Capacity of Epoxy-Marble Composite","authors":"Gita Novian Hermana, R. Kusnowo, Wiwik Purwadi, Yusuf Pradesar","doi":"10.15294/jbat.v10i2.34070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/jbat.v10i2.34070","url":null,"abstract":"The production of material with high precission and high complexity has been rapidly increasing in several industrial sector. The high accuracy is difficult to achieve during manufacturing due to vibration factors that influenced the final product of material. In this study the relationship between particle size and percentage of marble aggregate with epoxy resin on damping capacity was studied systematically. The Composite materials were fabricated by using conventional casting technique with 10, 25, and 50% volume fraction of resin and two marble aggregate groups with 0.5-0.7 mm and 1.4-2.0 mm in particle size. The casting process was using multilayer pouring technologies to prevent void formation. 10% epoxy resin-fine marble aggregate has very good vibration result with 0.003 mm in displacement, 0.23 mm/s in velocity, and 0.2 m/s2 in acceleration. The 10% epoxy resin-fine marble aggregate also has the best damping ratio among the composite due to the large specific area and porosity inside the marble material with value of 0.5%. The multilayer pour techniques for composite has been successfully adapted in this study to minimalize void/bubble formation inside and upperside of epoxy resin during the fabrication of composite. The secondary electron image of composite was observed that the marble aggregates and epoxy resin bonding are very good and no crack or void formation in the interface of the marble aggregate and epoxy resin.","PeriodicalId":17764,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45934326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-20DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v10i2.33679
Jurnal Bahan, Alam Terbarukan, M. Mutiara, . Sari1, Takanobu Inoue, R. K. Harryes, W. K. Suryawan, K. Yokota, S. Notodarmojo, I. B. Priyambada, I. Septiariva
Solid waste management on Nusa Penida Island is one of the problems in tourism in Bali Province. To deal with this issue, the government has implemented various policies, where the policy that becomes an essential issue is the processing of energy waste. To support this, it is necessary to study the potential of waste characteristics on the island of Nusa Penida. This study aims to analyse the characteristics of waste on the island of Nusa Penida as an energy source based on the generation and composition of waste. Solid waste generation and composition were measured based on land and marine debris data. The total waste generation on land and marine debris can reach 6364.4 kg/day and 762.8 kg/day, respectively. The waste composition materials consist of masks, plastics, metals, and biodegradable organics with a value of 4.12%, 32.77%, 19.54%, and 43.57%, respectively. Therefore, the potential use of organic biodegradable as solid fuel can reach 51,933.8 MJ/day or 14,426 kWh/day. However, in the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) test, the residue was 18.6%.
{"title":"Potential of Waste to Energy Processing for Sustainable Tourism in Nusa Penida Island, Bali","authors":"Jurnal Bahan, Alam Terbarukan, M. Mutiara, . Sari1, Takanobu Inoue, R. K. Harryes, W. K. Suryawan, K. Yokota, S. Notodarmojo, I. B. Priyambada, I. Septiariva","doi":"10.15294/jbat.v10i2.33679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/jbat.v10i2.33679","url":null,"abstract":"Solid waste management on Nusa Penida Island is one of the problems in tourism in Bali Province. To deal with this issue, the government has implemented various policies, where the policy that becomes an essential issue is the processing of energy waste. To support this, it is necessary to study the potential of waste characteristics on the island of Nusa Penida. This study aims to analyse the characteristics of waste on the island of Nusa Penida as an energy source based on the generation and composition of waste. Solid waste generation and composition were measured based on land and marine debris data. The total waste generation on land and marine debris can reach 6364.4 kg/day and 762.8 kg/day, respectively. The waste composition materials consist of masks, plastics, metals, and biodegradable organics with a value of 4.12%, 32.77%, 19.54%, and 43.57%, respectively. Therefore, the potential use of organic biodegradable as solid fuel can reach 51,933.8 MJ/day or 14,426 kWh/day. However, in the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) test, the residue was 18.6%.","PeriodicalId":17764,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46588792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-14DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v10i1.30486
Margono Margono, P. Paryanto, Vina Hanifa, Candra Abimanyu
Consumer recognition of the adverse effects of synthetic colorant has increased awareness in utilizing natural colorants as an alternative. One of them is a microbial colorant and it is already studied for its safety and functional properties in the human body, i.e. hypercholesterolemia, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer. The functional properties of microbial colorant have driven many kinds of research about natural colorant produced by the microorganism. Monascus pigment is one of the popular red pigment synthesized by mold Monascus purpureus. This research was conducted to investigate the effects of particle size and incubation temperature on color value and water solubility of the natural colorant produced by M. purpureus FNCC 6008 using rice and cassava as carbon substrates. Every experiment was conducted in an erlenmeyer flask filled by 15 g of substrates, sterilized and incubated in an incubator chamber. Three particle sizes of 8, 10, and 16 mesh were employed on the incubation temperatures of 30, 32, and 34 oC for 14 days. Two parameters were measured from the sample to evaluate the results of the fermentation process, i.e. color intensity and water solubility of product. The highest color intensity of 59.6 CVU/gds was obtained from the rice substrate at the particle size of 10 mesh and incubation temperature of 32 oC. That particular fermentation condition resulted in a product with 71.4% product solubility.
{"title":"Production of Natural Colorant by Monascus Purpureus FNCC 6008 using Rice and Cassava as Carbon Substrates","authors":"Margono Margono, P. Paryanto, Vina Hanifa, Candra Abimanyu","doi":"10.15294/jbat.v10i1.30486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/jbat.v10i1.30486","url":null,"abstract":"Consumer recognition of the adverse effects of synthetic colorant has increased awareness in utilizing natural colorants as an alternative. One of them is a microbial colorant and it is already studied for its safety and functional properties in the human body, i.e. hypercholesterolemia, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer. The functional properties of microbial colorant have driven many kinds of research about natural colorant produced by the microorganism. Monascus pigment is one of the popular red pigment synthesized by mold Monascus purpureus. This research was conducted to investigate the effects of particle size and incubation temperature on color value and water solubility of the natural colorant produced by M. purpureus FNCC 6008 using rice and cassava as carbon substrates. Every experiment was conducted in an erlenmeyer flask filled by 15 g of substrates, sterilized and incubated in an incubator chamber. Three particle sizes of 8, 10, and 16 mesh were employed on the incubation temperatures of 30, 32, and 34 oC for 14 days. Two parameters were measured from the sample to evaluate the results of the fermentation process, i.e. color intensity and water solubility of product. The highest color intensity of 59.6 CVU/gds was obtained from the rice substrate at the particle size of 10 mesh and incubation temperature of 32 oC. That particular fermentation condition resulted in a product with 71.4% product solubility.","PeriodicalId":17764,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48039115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-14DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v10i1.29804
I. W. Suryawan, I. Wijaya, N. Sari, I. Septiariva, N. Zahra
The generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) in Bali has various environmental impacts. One of the updates on sustainable waste processing is the RDF treatment plant processing. Before carrying out the processing, MSW characterization is needed because each region has a diverse composition. The processing of MSW into RDF provides benefits for achieving MSW reduction targets, renewable energy use, and the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. For this reason, this study was conducted to determine the potential of MSW in Bali as an alternative to renewable fuel and its potential to reduce GHG. MSW's potential calorific value as a raw material for RDF in Bali can reach 9.58 - 17.71 MJ/kg. The implementation of processing waste into RDF in pellets has shown a calorific value of ± 3904 - 4945 kkcal/kg. Implementing MSW processing into RDF in Bali can reduce GHG by 178 - 330 times compared to open dumping.
{"title":"Potential of Energy Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) to Become Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) in Bali Province, Indonesia","authors":"I. W. Suryawan, I. Wijaya, N. Sari, I. Septiariva, N. Zahra","doi":"10.15294/jbat.v10i1.29804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/jbat.v10i1.29804","url":null,"abstract":"The generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) in Bali has various environmental impacts. One of the updates on sustainable waste processing is the RDF treatment plant processing. Before carrying out the processing, MSW characterization is needed because each region has a diverse composition. The processing of MSW into RDF provides benefits for achieving MSW reduction targets, renewable energy use, and the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. For this reason, this study was conducted to determine the potential of MSW in Bali as an alternative to renewable fuel and its potential to reduce GHG. MSW's potential calorific value as a raw material for RDF in Bali can reach 9.58 - 17.71 MJ/kg. The implementation of processing waste into RDF in pellets has shown a calorific value of ± 3904 - 4945 kkcal/kg. Implementing MSW processing into RDF in Bali can reduce GHG by 178 - 330 times compared to open dumping.","PeriodicalId":17764,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42916550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v10i1.27648
Buanasari Buanasari, Warlan Sugiyo, Heri Rustaman
The technology for extracting chitin from shell and other materials needs to be continuously improved, including its conversion to chitosan. Chitosan is a biocompatible polymer, biodegradable, non-toxic, water-soluble at pH below 6.5, and it has protonated amino groups. The benefits of chitosan in industry, food and medicine make it necessary to fully study an efficient chitosan synthesis method and the results can be applied on an industrial scale. This study examined the effect of ultrasonic-assisted in increasing the degree of deacetylation of chitosan produced from Portunus pelagicus shell waste. The production process of chitosan goes through the stages of deproteination, demineralization and deacetylation. All these steps are ultrasound assisted processes with a frequency of 40 kHz through a digital ultrasonic cleaner. Ultrasonic-assisted chitin and chitosan were examined using FTIR spectrometry. The results showed that the ultrasonic method was able to increase the deacetylation degree of chitin with a value of 68.45±0.11% compared to 62.52±0.08% without ultrasonic. Application of ultrasonic assisted deacetylation gave a deacetylation degree of 85.35 ± 0.20%, higher than without ultrasonic 80.24 ± 0.19%. Physically, ultrasonic-assisted chitosan is smoother and brighter in color. The ultrasonic-assisted chitosan manufacturing method could increase the deacetylation degree and produce high grade chitosan.
{"title":"Effect of Ultrasonic Assisted on The Degree of Deacetylation of Chitosan Extracted from Portunus Pelagicus","authors":"Buanasari Buanasari, Warlan Sugiyo, Heri Rustaman","doi":"10.15294/jbat.v10i1.27648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/jbat.v10i1.27648","url":null,"abstract":"The technology for extracting chitin from shell and other materials needs to be continuously improved, including its conversion to chitosan. Chitosan is a biocompatible polymer, biodegradable, non-toxic, water-soluble at pH below 6.5, and it has protonated amino groups. The benefits of chitosan in industry, food and medicine make it necessary to fully study an efficient chitosan synthesis method and the results can be applied on an industrial scale. This study examined the effect of ultrasonic-assisted in increasing the degree of deacetylation of chitosan produced from Portunus pelagicus shell waste. The production process of chitosan goes through the stages of deproteination, demineralization and deacetylation. All these steps are ultrasound assisted processes with a frequency of 40 kHz through a digital ultrasonic cleaner. Ultrasonic-assisted chitin and chitosan were examined using FTIR spectrometry. The results showed that the ultrasonic method was able to increase the deacetylation degree of chitin with a value of 68.45±0.11% compared to 62.52±0.08% without ultrasonic. Application of ultrasonic assisted deacetylation gave a deacetylation degree of 85.35 ± 0.20%, higher than without ultrasonic 80.24 ± 0.19%. Physically, ultrasonic-assisted chitosan is smoother and brighter in color. The ultrasonic-assisted chitosan manufacturing method could increase the deacetylation degree and produce high grade chitosan.","PeriodicalId":17764,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66989454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v10i1.32378
N. Hindryawati, I. A. Hiyahara, H. Saputra, M. S. Arief, G. P. Maniam
A dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a low-cost solar cell with attractive features. DSCC contains of photoelectrode, dye, electrolyte, and counter electrode with photoelectrochemical system. The aim of this research is to determine the percent efficiency produced by DSSC from the Mahkota Dewa extract. This was carried out in various stages, namely sample preparation and extraction, DSSC assembly, TiO2 characterization using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and testing its current and voltage. The results showed that the maximum wavelength of the Mahkota Dewa extract dye test using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer was 554 nm with an absorbance of 0.163, which was believed to be the wavelength of flavonoid and anthocyanin compounds. Based on the characterization results, surface morphology was spherical and agglomerated. However, after being soaked in the dye, the surface morphology of the TiO2 layer did not appear spherical on the surface that was expected to have been covered by the dye. The measurement using sunlight sources showed that the maximum current and voltage of DSSC with a concentration of 30% w/v was 21.8x10-4A and 58.86 V with an efficiency of 22.43x10-3 %. In addition, there was a 0.482% decrease in DSSC efficiency based on the storage time which lasted for a period of 6 days.
{"title":"Preparation of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) Using TiO2 and Mahkota Dewa Fruit (Phaleria Macrocarpa (Scheff) Boerl.) Extract","authors":"N. Hindryawati, I. A. Hiyahara, H. Saputra, M. S. Arief, G. P. Maniam","doi":"10.15294/jbat.v10i1.32378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/jbat.v10i1.32378","url":null,"abstract":"A dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a low-cost solar cell with attractive features. DSCC contains of photoelectrode, dye, electrolyte, and counter electrode with photoelectrochemical system. The aim of this research is to determine the percent efficiency produced by DSSC from the Mahkota Dewa extract. This was carried out in various stages, namely sample preparation and extraction, DSSC assembly, TiO2 characterization using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and testing its current and voltage. The results showed that the maximum wavelength of the Mahkota Dewa extract dye test using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer was 554 nm with an absorbance of 0.163, which was believed to be the wavelength of flavonoid and anthocyanin compounds. Based on the characterization results, surface morphology was spherical and agglomerated. However, after being soaked in the dye, the surface morphology of the TiO2 layer did not appear spherical on the surface that was expected to have been covered by the dye. The measurement using sunlight sources showed that the maximum current and voltage of DSSC with a concentration of 30% w/v was 21.8x10-4A and 58.86 V with an efficiency of 22.43x10-3 %. In addition, there was a 0.482% decrease in DSSC efficiency based on the storage time which lasted for a period of 6 days.","PeriodicalId":17764,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66989636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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