Fatemeh Sadat Mirabootalebi, Mahla Hoseinpour Moghadam, M. Kazemi, Reza Shekarriz-Foumani, K. Najafizadeh, A. Hajifathali, R. Ghafouri, Ali Pirsalehi, R. Amin, S. Akhlaghi
Background: COVID-19 is associated with dangerous thromboembolic complications, such as stroke, heart attack, pulmonary embolism, and arterial and venous thromboembolism (VTE). Early diagnosis and even prediction of thromboembolic complications using biomarkers could facilitate the treatment and decrease the mortality rate. Objectives: This study evaluated and compared the clinical and laboratory findings of COVID-19 patients with thrombotic events with other COVID-19 patients. Methods: A total of 114 confirmed COVID-19 patients referred to Taleghani Hospital, Tehran, Iran, between February and September 2020 were included in this cross-sectional study. Those with a history of thromboembolic disease were excluded. The laboratory data, including the levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), D-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and counts of lymphocyte and neutrophil, along with clinical findings (such as oxygen saturation and lung involvement percentage), were retrospectively collected from the patients’ clinical files. The incidence of thrombotic events was evaluated in patients. Results: The prevalence of thrombosis in the right and left main pulmonary arteries, right and left sub-segmental pulmonary arteries, and right and left deep veins was 2.7%, 3.5%, 7%, 7.9%, 4.4%, and 1.8% of all patients, respectively. The results showed that thromboembolic complications were significantly associated with mortality (P < 0.001). Besides, it was found that LDH (P < 0.001) and neutrophil (P = 0.002) levels in thromboembolic COVID-19 patients were respectively higher and lower than those without thromboembolic manifestations. Conclusions: High LDH and neutropenia might serve as biomarkers for thromboembolism in COVID-19 patients.
{"title":"Association of Clinical and Laboratory Findings in COVID-19 Patients with Thromboembolic Complications","authors":"Fatemeh Sadat Mirabootalebi, Mahla Hoseinpour Moghadam, M. Kazemi, Reza Shekarriz-Foumani, K. Najafizadeh, A. Hajifathali, R. Ghafouri, Ali Pirsalehi, R. Amin, S. Akhlaghi","doi":"10.5812/jjm-130805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jjm-130805","url":null,"abstract":"Background: COVID-19 is associated with dangerous thromboembolic complications, such as stroke, heart attack, pulmonary embolism, and arterial and venous thromboembolism (VTE). Early diagnosis and even prediction of thromboembolic complications using biomarkers could facilitate the treatment and decrease the mortality rate. Objectives: This study evaluated and compared the clinical and laboratory findings of COVID-19 patients with thrombotic events with other COVID-19 patients. Methods: A total of 114 confirmed COVID-19 patients referred to Taleghani Hospital, Tehran, Iran, between February and September 2020 were included in this cross-sectional study. Those with a history of thromboembolic disease were excluded. The laboratory data, including the levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), D-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and counts of lymphocyte and neutrophil, along with clinical findings (such as oxygen saturation and lung involvement percentage), were retrospectively collected from the patients’ clinical files. The incidence of thrombotic events was evaluated in patients. Results: The prevalence of thrombosis in the right and left main pulmonary arteries, right and left sub-segmental pulmonary arteries, and right and left deep veins was 2.7%, 3.5%, 7%, 7.9%, 4.4%, and 1.8% of all patients, respectively. The results showed that thromboembolic complications were significantly associated with mortality (P < 0.001). Besides, it was found that LDH (P < 0.001) and neutrophil (P = 0.002) levels in thromboembolic COVID-19 patients were respectively higher and lower than those without thromboembolic manifestations. Conclusions: High LDH and neutropenia might serve as biomarkers for thromboembolism in COVID-19 patients.","PeriodicalId":17803,"journal":{"name":"Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43133093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nasrin Aliabadi, M. Jamalidoust, G. Pouladfar, M. Ziyaeyan
Background: Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) causes serious illness in humans, especially in newborns and immunocompromised hosts. Public health requires the development of new, less toxic anti-HSV-1 drugs. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the potential anti-herpesvirus activity of natural products in an extensive library of 133 compounds by examining viral titers and the number of viral plaques. Methods: (S)-10-hydroxycamptothecin (10-HCPT) as an inhibitor against viral DNA replication in the lowest concentration ranges from a set of natural products consisting of screening 133 compounds. Each step of the viral replication cycle of HSV-1 on A549 cells was evaluated with different assays, including adsorption, penetration, time-of-addition assay, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The respective antiviral effects on HSV-1AN95 infection were assessed in vitro. Results: 10-HCPT was found to be a potent inhibitor of HSV-1 infection in the lowest concentration range from screening of a natural product library. The results showed that 10-HCPT significantly affects HSV-1 viral plaque formation inhibition, with a half maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 0.07 μM. The time of addition assay suggested that 10-HCPT had a viral inhibitory effect when added 8 hours after infection. It was further confirmed by reducing the expression of late viral genes including glycoprotein (g) and viral protein (VP) (gB, gD, gH, VP1/2, and VP16) 4 hours after infection in the 10-HCPT treatment group compared to positive controls by quantitative real-time PCR. The Western blotting results are inconsistent with other reported results. It showed that 10-HCPT did not affect gD and ICP4 during HSV-1 infection, and 10-HCPT appeared to affect other genes in the immediate-early (IE) and late (L) steps. Conclusions: 10-HCPT demonstrated anti-HSV activity on HSV-1. Their dose-dependent antiviral activity showed that specific cellular components might mediate their function rather than cytotoxicity. This survey suggests a new outlook in exploring effective treatment options for HSV-1 infections.
{"title":"Evaluation of (S)-10-Hydroxycamptothecin Inhibitor of Herpes Simplex Type 1 Identified from Screening of a Library of Natural Products","authors":"Nasrin Aliabadi, M. Jamalidoust, G. Pouladfar, M. Ziyaeyan","doi":"10.5812/jjm-130237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jjm-130237","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) causes serious illness in humans, especially in newborns and immunocompromised hosts. Public health requires the development of new, less toxic anti-HSV-1 drugs. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the potential anti-herpesvirus activity of natural products in an extensive library of 133 compounds by examining viral titers and the number of viral plaques. Methods: (S)-10-hydroxycamptothecin (10-HCPT) as an inhibitor against viral DNA replication in the lowest concentration ranges from a set of natural products consisting of screening 133 compounds. Each step of the viral replication cycle of HSV-1 on A549 cells was evaluated with different assays, including adsorption, penetration, time-of-addition assay, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The respective antiviral effects on HSV-1AN95 infection were assessed in vitro. Results: 10-HCPT was found to be a potent inhibitor of HSV-1 infection in the lowest concentration range from screening of a natural product library. The results showed that 10-HCPT significantly affects HSV-1 viral plaque formation inhibition, with a half maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 0.07 μM. The time of addition assay suggested that 10-HCPT had a viral inhibitory effect when added 8 hours after infection. It was further confirmed by reducing the expression of late viral genes including glycoprotein (g) and viral protein (VP) (gB, gD, gH, VP1/2, and VP16) 4 hours after infection in the 10-HCPT treatment group compared to positive controls by quantitative real-time PCR. The Western blotting results are inconsistent with other reported results. It showed that 10-HCPT did not affect gD and ICP4 during HSV-1 infection, and 10-HCPT appeared to affect other genes in the immediate-early (IE) and late (L) steps. Conclusions: 10-HCPT demonstrated anti-HSV activity on HSV-1. Their dose-dependent antiviral activity showed that specific cellular components might mediate their function rather than cytotoxicity. This survey suggests a new outlook in exploring effective treatment options for HSV-1 infections.","PeriodicalId":17803,"journal":{"name":"Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43401725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mina Akbari Rad, L. Goshayeshi, AmirAli Moodi Ghalibaf, Hassan Mehrad Majd, Ghasem Soleimani, Rana Kolahi Ahari
Background: Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the most prevalent infections in many areas of the world, which is treated with different combinations of medications. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the response rate and outcomes of H. pylori-infected Iranian patients treated with triple therapy. Methods: The current study examined the records of patients with dyspepsia referred to Imam Reza hospital's gastroenterology clinic in Mashhad, Iran, diagnosed with H. pylori from 2017 to 2019. The patients received the triple therapy for H. pylori and were divided into responsive and non-responsive groups. Results: Out of the 750 patients, 477 were included in the study. The response rate to H. pylori standard triple therapy was 79% after 14 days of treatment. Patients aged 30 - 39 years had the highest rate of treatment response. There was no significant relationship between the response rate to treatment and smoking (P = 0.74), alcohol consumption (P = 0.91), opium addiction (P = 0.89), history of aspirin (P = 0.46) or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use (P = 0.66), diabetes (P = 0.18), renal failure (P = 0.054), and family history of GI malignancies (P = 0.51). Furthermore, patients with gastric ulcer (P = 0.43), duodenal ulcer (P = 0.66), and gastric precancerous lesions (P = 0.93) showed no significant difference in response to treatment. Conclusions: The H. pylori triple therapy regimen can be an effective medication strategy for H. pylori infection in the Iranian population.
{"title":"Helicobacter pylori Standard Triple Therapy Outcomes in Iranian Population: A Retrospective Population-based Study in Mashhad, Northeast of Iran","authors":"Mina Akbari Rad, L. Goshayeshi, AmirAli Moodi Ghalibaf, Hassan Mehrad Majd, Ghasem Soleimani, Rana Kolahi Ahari","doi":"10.5812/jjm-127842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jjm-127842","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the most prevalent infections in many areas of the world, which is treated with different combinations of medications. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the response rate and outcomes of H. pylori-infected Iranian patients treated with triple therapy. Methods: The current study examined the records of patients with dyspepsia referred to Imam Reza hospital's gastroenterology clinic in Mashhad, Iran, diagnosed with H. pylori from 2017 to 2019. The patients received the triple therapy for H. pylori and were divided into responsive and non-responsive groups. Results: Out of the 750 patients, 477 were included in the study. The response rate to H. pylori standard triple therapy was 79% after 14 days of treatment. Patients aged 30 - 39 years had the highest rate of treatment response. There was no significant relationship between the response rate to treatment and smoking (P = 0.74), alcohol consumption (P = 0.91), opium addiction (P = 0.89), history of aspirin (P = 0.46) or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use (P = 0.66), diabetes (P = 0.18), renal failure (P = 0.054), and family history of GI malignancies (P = 0.51). Furthermore, patients with gastric ulcer (P = 0.43), duodenal ulcer (P = 0.66), and gastric precancerous lesions (P = 0.93) showed no significant difference in response to treatment. Conclusions: The H. pylori triple therapy regimen can be an effective medication strategy for H. pylori infection in the Iranian population.","PeriodicalId":17803,"journal":{"name":"Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45697801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sadir Zaman, Waheed Ullah Wazir, Muhammad Qasim, N. Akbar, Iqbal Muhammad, S. A. Paracha, Faheem Ullah, Yar Muhammad
Background: The genus Proteus is a Gram-negative bacterium with a unique characteristic of swarming. Mainly three species are involved in initiating urinary tract infections in the community and in immunocompromised patients, particularly in patients going through long-term catheterization. Due to their strong virulence factors like biofilm formations, protease, and hemolysin, they can lead to lengthening infections in affected individuals. Probiotics are live bacteria and yeasts that are beneficial to human health and can be used as an alternative for the control of nosocomial diseases. Lactobacilli are one of the common probiotics mostly found in yogurt and other fermented foods that have been used as a substitute for infection control. Objectives: The current study was designed to screen potential probiotic bacteria to encounter antibiotic-resistant and virulent Proteus species. Methods: In the current study, using probiotics, already known antibiotic-resistant isolates (n = 25) of Proteus were processed to characterize their virulence factors and their inhibition. Biofilm formation, protease, and hemolysin activities were studied using different phenotypic detection methods. Further, their virulence genes zapA, flg, hmpA, mrp, and rsbA were explored using their genomic DNA. These isolates were found resistant to different classes of antibiotics, and a strategy was designed to inhibit their growth by using probiotic bacteria isolated from the soil. Results: Virulence factors first, all isolates were subjected to biofilm detection, and they were 32% (n = 8) strong, 40% (n = 10) moderate, 16% (n = 4) weak, and 12% (n = 3) non-biofilm producers. All isolates were positive for swarming activity by showing a differentiated ring form of growth. Protease activity showed 56% (n = 14) isolates. Only 24% (n = 6) of isolates were positive for hemolysin. Virulence factors and molecular mechanisms were studied, and gene rsbA responsible for swarming was amplified in 17 (68%) Proteus isolates, and mrp responsible for fimbria was detected in 19 (76%) bacterial isolates. Further, these isolates were subjected to flagella, protease, and hemolysin, and it was revealed that flg 11 (44%), 13 (52%) protease coding zapA, and hmA gene coding hemolysin were amplified in 2 (8%) Proteus isolates. Probiotic bacteria isolated from soil samples were probed for antagonistic activity against Proteus species. The probiotic bacteria were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis, and B. licheniformis. Due to their strong growth inhibitory effects against Proteus, it is crucial to characterize further the metabolites that have shown suppressive results against Proteus. Conclusions: Findings from the current study will provide new avenues for drug development and also help clinicians manage resistant pathogens in healthcare settings. Probiotic applications for infection control can be useful in treating resistant pathogens. Further purification and characterizati
{"title":"Drug-Resistant Proteus Virulence Factors Characterization and Their Inhibition Using Probiotic Bacteria","authors":"Sadir Zaman, Waheed Ullah Wazir, Muhammad Qasim, N. Akbar, Iqbal Muhammad, S. A. Paracha, Faheem Ullah, Yar Muhammad","doi":"10.5812/jjm-124234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jjm-124234","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The genus Proteus is a Gram-negative bacterium with a unique characteristic of swarming. Mainly three species are involved in initiating urinary tract infections in the community and in immunocompromised patients, particularly in patients going through long-term catheterization. Due to their strong virulence factors like biofilm formations, protease, and hemolysin, they can lead to lengthening infections in affected individuals. Probiotics are live bacteria and yeasts that are beneficial to human health and can be used as an alternative for the control of nosocomial diseases. Lactobacilli are one of the common probiotics mostly found in yogurt and other fermented foods that have been used as a substitute for infection control. Objectives: The current study was designed to screen potential probiotic bacteria to encounter antibiotic-resistant and virulent Proteus species. Methods: In the current study, using probiotics, already known antibiotic-resistant isolates (n = 25) of Proteus were processed to characterize their virulence factors and their inhibition. Biofilm formation, protease, and hemolysin activities were studied using different phenotypic detection methods. Further, their virulence genes zapA, flg, hmpA, mrp, and rsbA were explored using their genomic DNA. These isolates were found resistant to different classes of antibiotics, and a strategy was designed to inhibit their growth by using probiotic bacteria isolated from the soil. Results: Virulence factors first, all isolates were subjected to biofilm detection, and they were 32% (n = 8) strong, 40% (n = 10) moderate, 16% (n = 4) weak, and 12% (n = 3) non-biofilm producers. All isolates were positive for swarming activity by showing a differentiated ring form of growth. Protease activity showed 56% (n = 14) isolates. Only 24% (n = 6) of isolates were positive for hemolysin. Virulence factors and molecular mechanisms were studied, and gene rsbA responsible for swarming was amplified in 17 (68%) Proteus isolates, and mrp responsible for fimbria was detected in 19 (76%) bacterial isolates. Further, these isolates were subjected to flagella, protease, and hemolysin, and it was revealed that flg 11 (44%), 13 (52%) protease coding zapA, and hmA gene coding hemolysin were amplified in 2 (8%) Proteus isolates. Probiotic bacteria isolated from soil samples were probed for antagonistic activity against Proteus species. The probiotic bacteria were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis, and B. licheniformis. Due to their strong growth inhibitory effects against Proteus, it is crucial to characterize further the metabolites that have shown suppressive results against Proteus. Conclusions: Findings from the current study will provide new avenues for drug development and also help clinicians manage resistant pathogens in healthcare settings. Probiotic applications for infection control can be useful in treating resistant pathogens. Further purification and characterizati","PeriodicalId":17803,"journal":{"name":"Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44007756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fan Su, Lei Cao, Xia Ren, Jian Hu, Ximei Wang, Yuhan Fu, Yumei Zhou, Huan Wu, Yufeng Wen, Mingfei Jiang, Grace Tavengana
Background: Rifampicin resistant tuberculosis is a serious problem faced by tuberculosis control in China, and rapid detection of rifampicin resistance is urgently needed. Objectives: This study aimed to describe the molecular characteristics and frequency of RNA polymerase β subunit (rpoB) gene mutations in rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) in the Anqing area. Methods: The rpoB gene fragment was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and all isolates were sequenced for mutations in the rpoB gene. The mutations were obtained by comparing the sequencing results with the MUBII database. In addition, logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between rpoB mutations and rifampicin (RIF) resistance. Results: There were 152 males and 42 females in this study, and the mean age was 56.60 ± 17.91 years. Mutations in the rpoB gene were a risk factor for rifampicin resistance (β = 5.271, P < 0.001 OR = 195.192). Among the 19 RR-TB strains, 16 (84.21%) had mutations in the ropB gene, and three (1.71%) of 175 rifampicin-sensitive strains were mutated. The mutation sites of five strains (31.58%) were at the codon 526 and five strains (31.58%) at the codon 531. However, there were two strains at the codon 513 and two strains at the codon 533 (15.79%), and two strains (10.53%) were double mutations. Conclusions: The mutation characteristics of the rpoB gene in the Anqing area are complex, and rpoB mutation detection can be used as an indicator to screen drug resistance of RIF.
背景:利福平耐药结核病是中国结核病控制面临的严重问题，迫切需要快速检测利福平耐药情况。目的:研究安庆地区利福平耐药结核病(RR-TB)中RNA聚合酶β亚基(rpoB)基因突变的分子特征和频率。方法:采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增rpoB基因片段，并对所有分离株进行rpoB基因突变测序。通过将测序结果与MUBII数据库进行比较，获得突变。此外，采用logistic回归分析rpoB突变与利福平(RIF)耐药的关系。结果:本组患者男性152例，女性42例，平均年龄56.60±17.91岁。rpoB基因突变是利福平耐药的危险因素(β = 5.271, P < 0.001 OR = 195.192)。19株RR-TB中，ropB基因突变16株(84.21%)，175株利福平敏感株中有3株(1.71%)发生突变。5株(31.58%)突变位点位于密码子526,5株(31.58%)突变位点位于密码子531。而密码子513和533处各有2株(15.79%)，双突变2株(10.53%)。结论:安庆地区rpoB基因突变特征复杂，rpoB突变检测可作为筛选RIF耐药的指标。
{"title":"RpoB Gene Mutation Characteristics of Rifampicin-resistant Tuberculosis in Anqing, China","authors":"Fan Su, Lei Cao, Xia Ren, Jian Hu, Ximei Wang, Yuhan Fu, Yumei Zhou, Huan Wu, Yufeng Wen, Mingfei Jiang, Grace Tavengana","doi":"10.5812/jjm-127306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jjm-127306","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Rifampicin resistant tuberculosis is a serious problem faced by tuberculosis control in China, and rapid detection of rifampicin resistance is urgently needed. Objectives: This study aimed to describe the molecular characteristics and frequency of RNA polymerase β subunit (rpoB) gene mutations in rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) in the Anqing area. Methods: The rpoB gene fragment was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and all isolates were sequenced for mutations in the rpoB gene. The mutations were obtained by comparing the sequencing results with the MUBII database. In addition, logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between rpoB mutations and rifampicin (RIF) resistance. Results: There were 152 males and 42 females in this study, and the mean age was 56.60 ± 17.91 years. Mutations in the rpoB gene were a risk factor for rifampicin resistance (β = 5.271, P < 0.001 OR = 195.192). Among the 19 RR-TB strains, 16 (84.21%) had mutations in the ropB gene, and three (1.71%) of 175 rifampicin-sensitive strains were mutated. The mutation sites of five strains (31.58%) were at the codon 526 and five strains (31.58%) at the codon 531. However, there were two strains at the codon 513 and two strains at the codon 533 (15.79%), and two strains (10.53%) were double mutations. Conclusions: The mutation characteristics of the rpoB gene in the Anqing area are complex, and rpoB mutation detection can be used as an indicator to screen drug resistance of RIF.","PeriodicalId":17803,"journal":{"name":"Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46215295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kobra Tarajian, H. Fazeli, P. Beshkar, Vajihe Karbasizade
Background: Bacterial biofilm is a major barrier to chronic wound healing. Therefore, the prevention of biofilm formation has an effective role in accelerating the healing of these wounds. Today, probiotics' anti-biofilm and antibacterial activity have been proven, and bacteriotherapy by probiotics is a new strategy for treating chronic ulcer infections. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the synergistic effects of Lactobacillus delbrueckii and L. lactis on biofilms of bacterial agents isolated from these ulcers in the human plasma biofilm model (hpBIOM). Methods: This study examined 82 specimens of chronic ulcer biofilms and identified bacterial isolates using phenotypic and molecular methods. After preparing the hpBIOM, 50 µL of each probiotic (109 CFU/mL) was added in two doses separately and simultaneously. After 24 hours, 1 mL of bromelain (0.1 g/mL) was added to the complex and incubated at 37°C for two hours. Then, the surviving bacterial cells were counted by serial dilutions. Results: Among 119 bacterial isolates, Staphylococcus aureus (19%), Escherichia coli (17.0%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14%) were the most common bacterial isolates. Lactobacillus delbrueckii showed anti-biofilm activity against multiple-drug resistance pathogens, Staphylococcus, P. aeruginosa, and K. pneumoniae. Although L. lactis had anti-biofilm activity against these three pathogens, its effect was less than that of L. delbrueckii. The two probiotics did not have any synergistic effect on the biofilms of the isolates. Conclusions: The results of the present study emphasized the potential of probiotics in destroying biofilms of isolates with multiple-drug resistance; however, their simultaneous use for this purpose requires further investigation.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Simultaneous Effects of Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Lactobacillus lactis on Biofilms of Isolates from Chronic Ulcer Infections with Multiple-drug Resistance","authors":"Kobra Tarajian, H. Fazeli, P. Beshkar, Vajihe Karbasizade","doi":"10.5812/jjm-127085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jjm-127085","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Bacterial biofilm is a major barrier to chronic wound healing. Therefore, the prevention of biofilm formation has an effective role in accelerating the healing of these wounds. Today, probiotics' anti-biofilm and antibacterial activity have been proven, and bacteriotherapy by probiotics is a new strategy for treating chronic ulcer infections. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the synergistic effects of Lactobacillus delbrueckii and L. lactis on biofilms of bacterial agents isolated from these ulcers in the human plasma biofilm model (hpBIOM). Methods: This study examined 82 specimens of chronic ulcer biofilms and identified bacterial isolates using phenotypic and molecular methods. After preparing the hpBIOM, 50 µL of each probiotic (109 CFU/mL) was added in two doses separately and simultaneously. After 24 hours, 1 mL of bromelain (0.1 g/mL) was added to the complex and incubated at 37°C for two hours. Then, the surviving bacterial cells were counted by serial dilutions. Results: Among 119 bacterial isolates, Staphylococcus aureus (19%), Escherichia coli (17.0%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14%) were the most common bacterial isolates. Lactobacillus delbrueckii showed anti-biofilm activity against multiple-drug resistance pathogens, Staphylococcus, P. aeruginosa, and K. pneumoniae. Although L. lactis had anti-biofilm activity against these three pathogens, its effect was less than that of L. delbrueckii. The two probiotics did not have any synergistic effect on the biofilms of the isolates. Conclusions: The results of the present study emphasized the potential of probiotics in destroying biofilms of isolates with multiple-drug resistance; however, their simultaneous use for this purpose requires further investigation.","PeriodicalId":17803,"journal":{"name":"Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43495985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Hristova, V. Nankov, I. Stoikov, I. Ivanov, Vessela Vaskova Ouzounova-Raykova, H. Hitkova
Background: Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are recognized as nosocomial pathogens with increased importance in recent years. These bacteria are frequently isolated from patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). Enterococcal pathogenicity is enhanced by different antibiotic resistance and virulence determinants. Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of genes encoding resistance to antibiotics and virulence factors in intestinal VRE isolates from ICU patients. Methods: In this study, 23 VREs were investigated. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to nine antimicrobial agents were examined using E-test. Genes encoding vancomycin resistance (vanABCDMN), aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (aac(6')-Ie-aph(2")-Ia, aph(2")-Ib, aph(2")-Ic, aph(2")-Id, aph(3')-IIIa, ant(3')-Ia, ant(4')-Ia, ant(6')-Ia), together with genes for various virulence factor (ace/acm, asa1, cylA, efaA, esp, gelE and hyl), were detected using multiplex PCR. Results: The species distribution of the tested VRE was as follows: Nine Enterococcus casseliflavus, seven E. gallinarum, and seven E. faecium. The vanA gene was found in all E. faecium, in six of which the classical VanA phenotype was observed. The vancomycin (vanC) phenotype was associated with the presence of vanC1 gene in E. gallinarum and the vanC2 gene in E. casseliflavus isolates. The aac(6')-Ie-aph(2")-Ia gene was encoding high-level gentamicin resistance (HLGR) in the studied VRE. All E. faecium were positive for acm and esp, while acm in combination with esp or hyl was detected in 2 vanC enterococci. Conclusions: According to the findings, there was a correlation between the phenotype and the genotype of glycopeptide resistance in the tested VRE. HLGR was more prevalent in E. faecium because of the presence of aac(6')-Ie-aph(2")-Ia. The higher prevalence of virulence determinants was confirmed in vanA isolates compared to the studied vanC-carrying enterococci.
{"title":"Prevalence of Genes Encoding Resistance to Aminoglycosides and Virulence Factors Among Intestinal Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci","authors":"P. Hristova, V. Nankov, I. Stoikov, I. Ivanov, Vessela Vaskova Ouzounova-Raykova, H. Hitkova","doi":"10.5812/jjm-128003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jjm-128003","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are recognized as nosocomial pathogens with increased importance in recent years. These bacteria are frequently isolated from patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). Enterococcal pathogenicity is enhanced by different antibiotic resistance and virulence determinants. Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of genes encoding resistance to antibiotics and virulence factors in intestinal VRE isolates from ICU patients. Methods: In this study, 23 VREs were investigated. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to nine antimicrobial agents were examined using E-test. Genes encoding vancomycin resistance (vanABCDMN), aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (aac(6')-Ie-aph(2\")-Ia, aph(2\")-Ib, aph(2\")-Ic, aph(2\")-Id, aph(3')-IIIa, ant(3')-Ia, ant(4')-Ia, ant(6')-Ia), together with genes for various virulence factor (ace/acm, asa1, cylA, efaA, esp, gelE and hyl), were detected using multiplex PCR. Results: The species distribution of the tested VRE was as follows: Nine Enterococcus casseliflavus, seven E. gallinarum, and seven E. faecium. The vanA gene was found in all E. faecium, in six of which the classical VanA phenotype was observed. The vancomycin (vanC) phenotype was associated with the presence of vanC1 gene in E. gallinarum and the vanC2 gene in E. casseliflavus isolates. The aac(6')-Ie-aph(2\")-Ia gene was encoding high-level gentamicin resistance (HLGR) in the studied VRE. All E. faecium were positive for acm and esp, while acm in combination with esp or hyl was detected in 2 vanC enterococci. Conclusions: According to the findings, there was a correlation between the phenotype and the genotype of glycopeptide resistance in the tested VRE. HLGR was more prevalent in E. faecium because of the presence of aac(6')-Ie-aph(2\")-Ia. The higher prevalence of virulence determinants was confirmed in vanA isolates compared to the studied vanC-carrying enterococci.","PeriodicalId":17803,"journal":{"name":"Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46746754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ge Huang, Yi-zheng Zhou, Tao Lv, Lisi Zheng, Yue Pei, Yunbo Chen, Chengbin Li
Background: Accurate diagnosis is essential for optimal prevention and treatment of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), and various diagnostic methods must be evaluated. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate and compare the performance of VIDAS C. difficile, C. DIFF QUIK CHEK COMPLETE (QCC), and toxigenic culture (TC) tests for diagnosing CDI and further determine the relationships between clinical factors and the toxin status of patients. Methods: Stool samples were randomly selected for VIDAS or QCC testing according to the manufacturer’s instructions between May 2017 and May 2021, and their performance was compared with that of TC. Clinical information was obtained from the hospital’s electronic medical records. Results: Among 10,897 samples tested, 6,435 and 4,462 samples were assigned for VIDAS and QCC tests, respectively. A total of 9.1% (996/10,897) of the samples were positive for TC. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 36.6%, 98.6%, 72.1%, and 87.6% for VIDAS toxins A and B testing and 31.6%, 98.2%, 64.0%, and 87.8% for QCC toxin testing, respectively. Our results showed that the clinical data of the patients with positive and detectable toxins were not significantly different. Conclusions: The VIDAS and QCC tests provide rapid screening assays for the laboratory diagnosis of CDI. However, a more specific test to detect free toxins is required to confirm the diagnosis for glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH)-positive and toxin-negative samples. The clinical characteristics and outcomes of this cohort were similar, regardless of the results of toxins A and B testing.
背景:准确的诊断对艰难梭菌感染(CDI)的最佳预防和治疗至关重要，各种诊断方法必须进行评估。目的:评价和比较VIDAS艰难梭菌(C. difficile)、C. DIFF QUIK CHEK COMPLETE (QCC)和产毒培养(TC)检测诊断CDI的性能，进一步确定临床因素与患者毒素状态的关系。方法:在2017年5月至2021年5月期间，根据生产厂家的说明书，随机抽取粪便样本进行VIDAS或QCC检测，并与TC进行性能比较。临床资料是从医院的电子病历中获得的。结果:在10,897个检测样本中，分别有6,435个和4,462个样本被分配进行VIDAS和QCC检测。9.1%(996/ 10897)的样本呈TC阳性。VIDAS毒素A、B检测的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为36.6%、98.6%、72.1%和87.6%，QCC毒素检测的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为31.6%、98.2%、64.0%和87.8%。结果显示，毒素阳性和可检出患者的临床资料无显著差异。结论:VIDAS和QCC试验为CDI的实验室诊断提供了快速筛选方法。然而，对于谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)阳性和毒素阴性的样本，需要更具体的检测游离毒素的检测来确诊。无论毒素A和B检测结果如何，该队列的临床特征和结果都是相似的。
{"title":"Evaluation of Two Rapid Diagnostic Clostridioides difficile Infection Tests in a Chinese Hospital: A Real-world Analysis","authors":"Ge Huang, Yi-zheng Zhou, Tao Lv, Lisi Zheng, Yue Pei, Yunbo Chen, Chengbin Li","doi":"10.5812/jjm-129130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jjm-129130","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Accurate diagnosis is essential for optimal prevention and treatment of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), and various diagnostic methods must be evaluated. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate and compare the performance of VIDAS C. difficile, C. DIFF QUIK CHEK COMPLETE (QCC), and toxigenic culture (TC) tests for diagnosing CDI and further determine the relationships between clinical factors and the toxin status of patients. Methods: Stool samples were randomly selected for VIDAS or QCC testing according to the manufacturer’s instructions between May 2017 and May 2021, and their performance was compared with that of TC. Clinical information was obtained from the hospital’s electronic medical records. Results: Among 10,897 samples tested, 6,435 and 4,462 samples were assigned for VIDAS and QCC tests, respectively. A total of 9.1% (996/10,897) of the samples were positive for TC. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 36.6%, 98.6%, 72.1%, and 87.6% for VIDAS toxins A and B testing and 31.6%, 98.2%, 64.0%, and 87.8% for QCC toxin testing, respectively. Our results showed that the clinical data of the patients with positive and detectable toxins were not significantly different. Conclusions: The VIDAS and QCC tests provide rapid screening assays for the laboratory diagnosis of CDI. However, a more specific test to detect free toxins is required to confirm the diagnosis for glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH)-positive and toxin-negative samples. The clinical characteristics and outcomes of this cohort were similar, regardless of the results of toxins A and B testing.","PeriodicalId":17803,"journal":{"name":"Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43597037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Jahanshiri, S. Manifar, F. Arastehnazar, Farahnaz Hatami, E. Lotfali
Background: Azole resistance rates are rising in Candida species. Fluconazole is one of the most important antifungal drugs used in candidiasis treatment. Objectives: We identified the molecular mechanisms of fluconazole resistance of Candida albicans oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) isolates obtained from head and neck cancer patients, a study carried out between 2018 and 2020. Methods: One hundred and twenty-five Candida albicans clinical isolates were collected. Antifungal susceptibilities were determined by the CLSI- M27-A3 method. The ERG11 gene was amplified and sequenced to discover SNP mutation. Moreover, real-time PCR was carried out to measure the mRNA levels of ERG11, CDR1, CDR2, and MDR1. Results: Resistance to fluconazole was found in 15 C. albicans isolates. Amino acid substitutions E266D and D116E were observed in resistant, sensitive dose-dependent (SDD), and susceptible C. albicans isolates. K128T, G465S, A114S, Y257H and V488I were in relation to fluconazole resistance. D504A, P375A, W520C, G59S, and V51L were novel substitutions detected in the isolates; except for D504A, other mutations were observed only in resistance isolates. The expression levels of CDR2, CDR1, MDR1, and ERG11 were increased compared to susceptible isolates, respectively. Conclusions: ERG11 mutation was the principal mechanism for fluconazole resistance in C. albicans isolated from oropharyngeal candidiasis patients, and caspofungin can be used as the effective antifungal substance in fluconazole resistance situation for C. albicans infection.
{"title":"Azole Resistance in Candida albicans Isolates from Oropharyngeal Candidiasis is Associated with ERG11 Mutation and Efflux Overexpression","authors":"Z. Jahanshiri, S. Manifar, F. Arastehnazar, Farahnaz Hatami, E. Lotfali","doi":"10.5812/jjm-131046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jjm-131046","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Azole resistance rates are rising in Candida species. Fluconazole is one of the most important antifungal drugs used in candidiasis treatment. Objectives: We identified the molecular mechanisms of fluconazole resistance of Candida albicans oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) isolates obtained from head and neck cancer patients, a study carried out between 2018 and 2020. Methods: One hundred and twenty-five Candida albicans clinical isolates were collected. Antifungal susceptibilities were determined by the CLSI- M27-A3 method. The ERG11 gene was amplified and sequenced to discover SNP mutation. Moreover, real-time PCR was carried out to measure the mRNA levels of ERG11, CDR1, CDR2, and MDR1. Results: Resistance to fluconazole was found in 15 C. albicans isolates. Amino acid substitutions E266D and D116E were observed in resistant, sensitive dose-dependent (SDD), and susceptible C. albicans isolates. K128T, G465S, A114S, Y257H and V488I were in relation to fluconazole resistance. D504A, P375A, W520C, G59S, and V51L were novel substitutions detected in the isolates; except for D504A, other mutations were observed only in resistance isolates. The expression levels of CDR2, CDR1, MDR1, and ERG11 were increased compared to susceptible isolates, respectively. Conclusions: ERG11 mutation was the principal mechanism for fluconazole resistance in C. albicans isolated from oropharyngeal candidiasis patients, and caspofungin can be used as the effective antifungal substance in fluconazole resistance situation for C. albicans infection.","PeriodicalId":17803,"journal":{"name":"Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44567645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Imtiazul Islam, Hoonhee Seo, Sukyung Kim, Youngkyoung Lee, V. Sadu, Kee-In Lee, Ho-Yeon Song
Background: The rise of antibiotic-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains has accelerated the hunt for novel drugs for tuberculosis (TB). Objectives: This study identified a novel compound with strong anti-TB efficacy against several resistant M. tuberculosis strains from a chemical library of naphthoquinone derivatives. Methods: The identified chemical was designated as MDN-6 (methyl-1,4-bis(2-(diethylamino)ethoxy)-2-naphthoate). Results: It significantly inhibited all the tested Mycobacterium strains, including 24 clinically isolated resistant strains. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of MDN-6 were between 0.02 and 25 g/mL. It also had partially synergistic activity against extensively drug-resistant M. tuberculosis when coupled with rifampicin and streptomycin. Additionally, MDN-6 demonstrated a superior post-antibiotic effect over isoniazid and exhibited comparable inhibitory efficacy against Mycobacterium marinum and Mycobacterium kansasii. Besides the antimicrobial effect, MDN-6 had a 50% lethal dosage (LD50) of 279.1 mg/kg in female BALB/c mice. Conclusions: MDN-6 is a promising anti-TB therapeutic candidate against drug-resistant M. tuberculosis. However, further investigation is necessary to elucidate the action mechanism and assess the drug’s in vivo therapeutic potential.
{"title":"MDN-6, a Possible Therapeutic Candidate for Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis","authors":"Imtiazul Islam, Hoonhee Seo, Sukyung Kim, Youngkyoung Lee, V. Sadu, Kee-In Lee, Ho-Yeon Song","doi":"10.5812/jjm-129482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jjm-129482","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The rise of antibiotic-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains has accelerated the hunt for novel drugs for tuberculosis (TB). Objectives: This study identified a novel compound with strong anti-TB efficacy against several resistant M. tuberculosis strains from a chemical library of naphthoquinone derivatives. Methods: The identified chemical was designated as MDN-6 (methyl-1,4-bis(2-(diethylamino)ethoxy)-2-naphthoate). Results: It significantly inhibited all the tested Mycobacterium strains, including 24 clinically isolated resistant strains. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of MDN-6 were between 0.02 and 25 g/mL. It also had partially synergistic activity against extensively drug-resistant M. tuberculosis when coupled with rifampicin and streptomycin. Additionally, MDN-6 demonstrated a superior post-antibiotic effect over isoniazid and exhibited comparable inhibitory efficacy against Mycobacterium marinum and Mycobacterium kansasii. Besides the antimicrobial effect, MDN-6 had a 50% lethal dosage (LD50) of 279.1 mg/kg in female BALB/c mice. Conclusions: MDN-6 is a promising anti-TB therapeutic candidate against drug-resistant M. tuberculosis. However, further investigation is necessary to elucidate the action mechanism and assess the drug’s in vivo therapeutic potential.","PeriodicalId":17803,"journal":{"name":"Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43262397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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