The reasons for the increased use of teams to solve various problems are varied. Competitive pressure and changing markets require a constant increase in the efficiency and adaptability of economic units. Greater business flexibility is needed to be able to respond more quickly and effectively to new challenges. The provision of material needs is no longer at the forefront; much more emphasis is placed on the content of the work and the satisfaction from it. The teams create the best opportunity to solve these reconstruction tasks. Fewer errors in production, fast modeling and implementation of new, complex, service-oriented processes are achieved only when employees do not act as ordered, but because they have their own attitude and can be implemented in new structures and processes. Teamwork skills are complex because they include communication skills, decision-making skills, ability to express opinions and defend a position, skills to plan and organize various activities, ability to comply with another's position, etc. Behind these skills are specific behaviors that can support successful teamwork. This work requires from all a different profile of competencies and behavior from that in hierarchical structures. In order for a person to deal with the already mentioned factors and to transpose the knowledge from the successful teamwork, it is necessary not only to know these factors, but also to be clear and apply them correctly in teamwork in the course of various situations and challenges. It is the changed requirements in the interpersonal behavior of managers and team members that must be taken seriously and the corresponding behaviors studied. Effective teamwork requires tact, understanding and respect not only from the leader but also from the team members. Common understanding is the formula for pleasant and fruitful work, helps to achieve much-needed peace of mind in the workplace and increases people's desire to work, stimulates innovation and innovation, and motivates progress. Managing a team is not easy even in the most favorable times. In order for the team to work towards a common goal and to succeed in difficult situations, the leader and all team members must adhere to mandatory rules to increase the effectiveness of the team.
{"title":"MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES TO INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY OF TEAM ACTIVITY","authors":"Daryan Boykov, Stefan Djordjevic","doi":"10.35120/kij4701059b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij4701059b","url":null,"abstract":"The reasons for the increased use of teams to solve various problems are varied. Competitive pressure and changing markets require a constant increase in the efficiency and adaptability of economic units. Greater business flexibility is needed to be able to respond more quickly and effectively to new challenges. The provision of material needs is no longer at the forefront; much more emphasis is placed on the content of the work and the satisfaction from it. The teams create the best opportunity to solve these reconstruction tasks. Fewer errors in production, fast modeling and implementation of new, complex, service-oriented processes are achieved only when employees do not act as ordered, but because they have their own attitude and can be implemented in new structures and processes. \u0000Teamwork skills are complex because they include communication skills, decision-making skills, ability to express opinions and defend a position, skills to plan and organize various activities, ability to comply with another's position, etc. Behind these skills are specific behaviors that can support successful teamwork. This work requires from all a different profile of competencies and behavior from that in hierarchical structures. In order for a person to deal with the already mentioned factors and to transpose the knowledge from the successful teamwork, it is necessary not only to know these factors, but also to be clear and apply them correctly in teamwork in the course of various situations and challenges. It is the changed requirements in the interpersonal behavior of managers and team members that must be taken seriously and the corresponding behaviors studied. \u0000Effective teamwork requires tact, understanding and respect not only from the leader but also from the team members. Common understanding is the formula for pleasant and fruitful work, helps to achieve much-needed peace of mind in the workplace and increases people's desire to work, stimulates innovation and innovation, and motivates progress. Managing a team is not easy even in the most favorable times. In order for the team to work towards a common goal and to succeed in difficult situations, the leader and all team members must adhere to mandatory rules to increase the effectiveness of the team.","PeriodicalId":17821,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79826935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In today's fierce competition and rapidly changing external environment, the organization must focus not only on its internal state, but also to develop an appropriate long-term strategy of behavior that will allow it to successfully adapt to changes in the environment and to fully realize its mission and goals. Working with change is not an exceptional cataclysm between longer periods of peace and quiet. This is the everyday reality. For change management, strategic planning promises to enable organizations to be more active in control, to achieve the change they want, according to a planned program, for a certain period of the future. Another approach that also serves us to work with change is strategic thinking. However, it is more focused on building a broad idea of organizational purpose and capacity in the organization to deal with the unpredictable at work. The management of organizations by its nature and purpose is a comprehensive theoretical and applied tools aimed at the overall effectiveness of the organization and the corresponding modifications of organizational behavior. Based on a set of methodologies, theories and research results, specific recommendations and actions are proposed to manage the necessary changes in its structures and approaches. These changes cover not only the processes of external adaptation related to the modern dimensions of globalization, the development of information technology, integrated quality management or diversification of the workforce, but also the processes of internal integration in the organization, which must meet the requirements of the external environment. . New ideas are emerging, for example - management of knowledge, features and trends of learning organizations, or forms of behavior that shift accents, but also completely change our familiar paradigms for organizational management, human resource management, career management and more. In this context, governance is described as a holistic approach to improving the processes of organizational renewal, training, organizational culture, functioning and decision-making mechanisms, internal organizational relations, conflict management and stress, breaking to varying degrees: changes related to achieving of continuous or gradual improvements and improvements; changes affecting the strategy of the organization, the development of new products, the introduction of new technologies, systems, processes and directions; changes with transformational and radical changes, affecting the fundamental character of the organization, the system of components, the common goal, mission, values and attitudes; changes related to the agents of change, its leading figures - experts, managers or groups that lead this process, take responsibility and leadership to change existing patterns of behavior or social systems. The dynamic complexity and turbulence in organizations - this is the generalized image of modern organizational life, which gradually displ
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF CHANGES IN ORGANIZATIONS","authors":"Marieta Goceva, V. Bojkov","doi":"10.35120/kij4701051g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij4701051g","url":null,"abstract":"In today's fierce competition and rapidly changing external environment, the organization must focus not only on its internal state, but also to develop an appropriate long-term strategy of behavior that will allow it to successfully adapt to changes in the environment and to fully realize its mission and goals. Working with change is not an exceptional cataclysm between longer periods of peace and quiet. This is the everyday reality. For change management, strategic planning promises to enable organizations to be more active in control, to achieve the change they want, according to a planned program, for a certain period of the future. Another approach that also serves us to work with change is strategic thinking. However, it is more focused on building a broad idea of organizational purpose and capacity in the organization to deal with the unpredictable at work. \u0000The management of organizations by its nature and purpose is a comprehensive theoretical and applied tools aimed at the overall effectiveness of the organization and the corresponding modifications of organizational behavior. Based on a set of methodologies, theories and research results, specific recommendations and actions are proposed to manage the necessary changes in its structures and approaches. These changes cover not only the processes of external adaptation related to the modern dimensions of globalization, the development of information technology, integrated quality management or diversification of the workforce, but also the processes of internal integration in the organization, which must meet the requirements of the external environment. . New ideas are emerging, for example - management of knowledge, features and trends of learning organizations, or forms of behavior that shift accents, but also completely change our familiar paradigms for organizational management, human resource management, career management and more. In this context, governance is described as a holistic approach to improving the processes of organizational renewal, training, organizational culture, functioning and decision-making mechanisms, internal organizational relations, conflict management and stress, breaking to varying degrees: changes related to achieving of continuous or gradual improvements and improvements; changes affecting the strategy of the organization, the development of new products, the introduction of new technologies, systems, processes and directions; changes with transformational and radical changes, affecting the fundamental character of the organization, the system of components, the common goal, mission, values and attitudes; changes related to the agents of change, its leading figures - experts, managers or groups that lead this process, take responsibility and leadership to change existing patterns of behavior or social systems. \u0000The dynamic complexity and turbulence in organizations - this is the generalized image of modern organizational life, which gradually displ","PeriodicalId":17821,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84156512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Small manufacturing businesses as well as small businesses in the service sector have always been typical economic entities of market economies in every country of the world. They make a great contribution to job creation, especially through self-employment. So small business offers more employment opportunities than big business. This means that they significantly affect the reduction of the unemployment rate through the contribution to the overall development of the economy. So, small business is considered as the driving force of economic development, therefore any shock to the economy caused by various factors, directly affects the activity and activity of any small business. The global economy is continuing to suffer the consequences of the major shock caused by the coronavirus pandemic. The crisis caused by COVID-19 has affected many sectors, but from the data we have, in reality the most affected sectors are tourism and other related services, but also the manufacturing and export industries. This is caused as a result of numerous restrictions between different countries of the world. The impact on the economy has been serious enough due to restrictions on movement which have led to a reduction in demand but also supply as a result of limited labor supply and due to difficulties in securing raw materials. The largest percentage of firms in each country were forced to close their business activity, while the rest that continued to remain open have experienced significant declines. So, most businesses have suffered significant revenue losses due to the COVID-19 crisis. Various data and analyzes have shown that small business is more and more severely affected than large business. Total closure for a long period has resulted in a huge loss and fears that a second wave of closure could be fatal for small business. Larger layoffs are observed in small enterprises due to their inability to keep their employees in the workplace. In addition to this concern, the concern of the manufacturing sector is the loss of production capacity. Understanding the importance and value of small business in the economy as a whole, this research aims to gather evidence regarding the possible effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on business and its activity as well as to reveal the negative effects as a result of the shock caused by the recent global economic crisis. This study was undertaken to obtain a concise overview of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on small enterprises in several countries of the world used as valuable examples to clarify the negative impact on these businesses.
{"title":"THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON SMALL BUSINESS - THE CASE OF SMALL ENTERPRISES IN SOME COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD","authors":"Merita Bakiji","doi":"10.35120/kij4701177b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij4701177b","url":null,"abstract":"Small manufacturing businesses as well as small businesses in the service sector have always been typical economic entities of market economies in every country of the world. They make a great contribution to job creation, especially through self-employment. So small business offers more employment opportunities than big business. This means that they significantly affect the reduction of the unemployment rate through the contribution to the overall development of the economy. So, small business is considered as the driving force of economic development, therefore any shock to the economy caused by various factors, directly affects the activity and activity of any small business. \u0000The global economy is continuing to suffer the consequences of the major shock caused by the coronavirus pandemic. The crisis caused by COVID-19 has affected many sectors, but from the data we have, in reality the most affected sectors are tourism and other related services, but also the manufacturing and export industries. This is caused as a result of numerous restrictions between different countries of the world. The impact on the economy has been serious enough due to restrictions on movement which have led to a reduction in demand but also supply as a result of limited labor supply and due to difficulties in securing raw materials. The largest percentage of firms in each country were forced to close their business activity, while the rest that continued to remain open have experienced significant declines. So, most businesses have suffered significant revenue losses due to the COVID-19 crisis. Various data and analyzes have shown that small business is more and more severely affected than large business. Total closure for a long period has resulted in a huge loss and fears that a second wave of closure could be fatal for small business. Larger layoffs are observed in small enterprises due to their inability to keep their employees in the workplace. In addition to this concern, the concern of the manufacturing sector is the loss of production capacity. \u0000Understanding the importance and value of small business in the economy as a whole, this research aims to gather evidence regarding the possible effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on business and its activity as well as to reveal the negative effects as a result of the shock caused by the recent global economic crisis. This study was undertaken to obtain a concise overview of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on small enterprises in several countries of the world used as valuable examples to clarify the negative impact on these businesses.","PeriodicalId":17821,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84734641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper investigates the role of business consulting in the creation and transfer of business knowledge to human resources in companies. Consulting interventions are focused on the effective management of the client's knowledge organization. The goal of launching a knowledge management initiative is to improve the performance of the organization and individuals through the identification, adoption, evaluation and transfer of knowledge. The model of creative management is based on the philosophical assumption that the real world, which surrounds modern organizations, is dynamic, turbulent and changeable and that, as such, it requires organizations and their management to perform complex activities. These activities require Serbian managers not only to solve problems caused by uncertainty, but also to recognize and take advantage of new business opportunities. During business consulting projects, employees can be engaged in a number of learning activities, but it is crucial to transfer new business knowledge to real business activities. In the realization of the research task, desk research of data that is predominantly related to: business consulting, human resources management, measuring changes in skills and knowledge during consulting interventions, creative management, etc. was used. When analyzing this area, it is necessary to focus on motivating employees to generate their knowledge. Namely, employees must be acquainted with certain standards, technical conditions and production norms, etc. It is necessary to create the atmosphere of a learning company, ie. form trained and creative people from employees. It is wrong to view employees only as executors of work orders. An instructive example is Japanese companies, which are characterized by above-average productivity, where the so-called bottom-up initiative in collecting ideas and decision-making, which in further work leads to high motivation of workers. The introduction of changes requires employees in the organization to acquire new knowledge, gather more information, cope with new tasks, improve their skills, and often change their work habits, values and attitudes. This includes changes in people: in management and employees, their abilities, motivation, behavior and efficiency at work. It also includes changes in organizational culture: changes in values, established customs, information relations, influence, management style. The results of the research show that the team work of managers, consultants and employees contributes to the constitution of knowledge-based management, ready for the challenges of modern business. Experience in team work is important for holders of creative management, since it is based on the formation of top management teams. To help with human resources, managers, relying on behavioral science, can use a number of methods that facilitate development and change in individuals, groups, or businesses to manage toward a goal.
{"title":"BUSINESS CONSULTING AS A FACTOR OF KNOWLEDGE IMPROVEMENT IN HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT","authors":"B. Mihailović, Katica Radosavljević, V. Popovic","doi":"10.35120/kij4701031m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij4701031m","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the role of business consulting in the creation and transfer of business knowledge to human resources in companies. Consulting interventions are focused on the effective management of the client's knowledge organization. The goal of launching a knowledge management initiative is to improve the performance of the organization and individuals through the identification, adoption, evaluation and transfer of knowledge. The model of creative management is based on the philosophical assumption that the real world, which surrounds modern organizations, is dynamic, turbulent and changeable and that, as such, it requires organizations and their management to perform complex activities. These activities require Serbian managers not only to solve problems caused by uncertainty, but also to recognize and take advantage of new business opportunities. During business consulting projects, employees can be engaged in a number of learning activities, but it is crucial to transfer new business knowledge to real business activities. In the realization of the research task, desk research of data that is predominantly related to: business consulting, human resources management, measuring changes in skills and knowledge during consulting interventions, creative management, etc. was used. When analyzing this area, it is necessary to focus on motivating employees to generate their knowledge. Namely, employees must be acquainted with certain standards, technical conditions and production norms, etc. It is necessary to create the atmosphere of a learning company, ie. form trained and creative people from employees. It is wrong to view employees only as executors of work orders. An instructive example is Japanese companies, which are characterized by above-average productivity, where the so-called bottom-up initiative in collecting ideas and decision-making, which in further work leads to high motivation of workers. The introduction of changes requires employees in the organization to acquire new knowledge, gather more information, cope with new tasks, improve their skills, and often change their work habits, values and attitudes. This includes changes in people: in management and employees, their abilities, motivation, behavior and efficiency at work. It also includes changes in organizational culture: changes in values, established customs, information relations, influence, management style. The results of the research show that the team work of managers, consultants and employees contributes to the constitution of knowledge-based management, ready for the challenges of modern business. Experience in team work is important for holders of creative management, since it is based on the formation of top management teams. To help with human resources, managers, relying on behavioral science, can use a number of methods that facilitate development and change in individuals, groups, or businesses to manage toward a goal.","PeriodicalId":17821,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88696800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In a global economy, the economic opportunities and economic success of a country or region are linked to the mobility of people and goods, with the intensive use of information and communication technology. The connection between the quantity and quality of transport infrastructure and the level of economic development is obvious. The transport sector plays an important role in today’s economy and society and has a major impact on the economy of a country or region. An efficient transport sector is a critical component of economic development. Certainly, the development of the country's transport sector is an indicator of its economic prosperity and success. Developed transport infrastructure and connected transport networks are positively correlated with a high level of economic development. When transport systems are efficient, they provide economic and social opportunities and benefits that result in positive effects such as better access to markets, employment and additional investment. When transport systems are underdeveloped and unreliable, they can cause economic costs such as reduced or missed market opportunities and lower quality of life. Assessment of the socio-economic efficiency of transport projects should be mandatory when making a decision regarding their implementation. Transport is the basis of trade infrastructure, it has a significant impact on the competitiveness of certain industries in countries and regions. Imperfections in the transport system negatively affect the efficiency of the economy as a whole. Conversely, the accelerated development of transport infrastructure and the improvement of transport and logistics systems can have a significant impact on economic growth and ultimately on the population well-being. The quality of transport services has a great impact on the quality of people lives. On average, 13.2% of the budget of each household is spent on transportation of goods and services. The transport sector significantly contributes to the economy of a country by providing jobs for a large number of people involved in vehicle production, traffic safety control, vehicle management, which enables safe and efficient movement of people and goods. In short, transport networks are the heart of the supply chain and the foundation of every country's economy. The transport sector also facilitates international trade. In the conditions of globalization, where no country can fully function in isolation from other countries, the transport sector is crucial for the development of trade. Without adequate transport infrastructure, national and international trade would be almost impossible, and developing countries would find it significantly more difficult to integrate into the global economy. The aim of this paper is to point out the importance of the development of transport and transport systems for the economy at the national and global level.
{"title":"ТHE ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORTATION SECTOR","authors":"M. Stanković","doi":"10.35120/kij4701143s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij4701143s","url":null,"abstract":"In a global economy, the economic opportunities and economic success of a country or region are linked to the mobility of people and goods, with the intensive use of information and communication technology. The connection between the quantity and quality of transport infrastructure and the level of economic development is obvious. The transport sector plays an important role in today’s economy and society and has a major impact on the economy of a country or region. An efficient transport sector is a critical component of economic development. Certainly, the development of the country's transport sector is an indicator of its economic prosperity and success. Developed transport infrastructure and connected transport networks are positively correlated with a high level of economic development. When transport systems are efficient, they provide economic and social opportunities and benefits that result in positive effects such as better access to markets, employment and additional investment. When transport systems are underdeveloped and unreliable, they can cause economic costs such as reduced or missed market opportunities and lower quality of life. Assessment of the socio-economic efficiency of transport projects should be mandatory when making a decision regarding their implementation. Transport is the basis of trade infrastructure, it has a significant impact on the competitiveness of certain industries in countries and regions. Imperfections in the transport system negatively affect the efficiency of the economy as a whole. Conversely, the accelerated development of transport infrastructure and the improvement of transport and logistics systems can have a significant impact on economic growth and ultimately on the population well-being. The quality of transport services has a great impact on the quality of people lives. On average, 13.2% of the budget of each household is spent on transportation of goods and services. The transport sector significantly contributes to the economy of a country by providing jobs for a large number of people involved in vehicle production, traffic safety control, vehicle management, which enables safe and efficient movement of people and goods. In short, transport networks are the heart of the supply chain and the foundation of every country's economy. The transport sector also facilitates international trade. In the conditions of globalization, where no country can fully function in isolation from other countries, the transport sector is crucial for the development of trade. Without adequate transport infrastructure, national and international trade would be almost impossible, and developing countries would find it significantly more difficult to integrate into the global economy. The aim of this paper is to point out the importance of the development of transport and transport systems for the economy at the national and global level.","PeriodicalId":17821,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83577562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The complex set of historical and political processes between the countries of the Western Balkans, as well as the absence of the EU from the region, complicates the process of building democratic and political capacities in these countries. The United States has a complex political approach to the Western Balkans, without having an exclusive ally in this part of the region. Although the region does not seem to be at the top of US policy priorities at the moment, the Western Balkans play an important role in its interests, especially when it comes to security issues, which have always been a top priority for the US administration. The public in the Republic of North Macedonia is still emotional about the process of changing the constitutional name, and the Prespa Agreement, although a closed topic for the US administration, at least judging by the last move of President Biden, is still not fully accepted, not only by the population, but also among some experts. Some critics comment on the distrust of the process "vis a vis" the constant blockades of the pre-accession negotiations with the EU, despite the name change, which by the way according to the amendments to the Constitution should be implemented in practice in parallel with the opening of EU negotiation chapters. This begs the questions: What is the US position on North Macedonia's strategic interests? Does and in what way does the United States influence North Macedonia through NATO? What are the benefits and prospects for North Macedonia from NATO membership? The purpose of this paper is to explain the US attitude towards North Macedonia from a geostrategic point of view by applying descriptive analysis. In 2008, after the Greek veto on Macedonia's membership in NATO, a Declaration on Strategic Partnership and Cooperation was signed between the United States and Macedonia, with which the United States guarantees the security of Macedonia, but without meaning a replacement for NATO membership. The Declaration is one of the most important agreements for North Macedonia, which emphasizes, among other things, the strategic commitment of both sides to Macedonia's integration into NATO and the EU, making the United States the only strategic partner and supporter (of the great powers) of Macedonia in its EU and NATO aspirations.Finally, in 2020, through the North Macedonian Embassy in Washington, the instrument for joining the North Atlantic Treaty was deposited, with which North Macedonia officially became a member of NATO.
{"title":"US INFLUENCE IN THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA AFTER THE PERIOD OF RENAMING","authors":"Ilche Dimovski","doi":"10.35120/kij4701249d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij4701249d","url":null,"abstract":"The complex set of historical and political processes between the countries of the Western Balkans, as well as the absence of the EU from the region, complicates the process of building democratic and political capacities in these countries. The United States has a complex political approach to the Western Balkans, without having an exclusive ally in this part of the region. Although the region does not seem to be at the top of US policy priorities at the moment, the Western Balkans play an important role in its interests, especially when it comes to security issues, which have always been a top priority for the US administration. The public in the Republic of North Macedonia is still emotional about the process of changing the constitutional name, and the Prespa Agreement, although a closed topic for the US administration, at least judging by the last move of President Biden, is still not fully accepted, not only by the population, but also among some experts. Some critics comment on the distrust of the process \"vis a vis\" the constant blockades of the pre-accession negotiations with the EU, despite the name change, which by the way according to the amendments to the Constitution should be implemented in practice in parallel with the opening of EU negotiation chapters. This begs the questions: What is the US position on North Macedonia's strategic interests? Does and in what way does the United States influence North Macedonia through NATO? What are the benefits and prospects for North Macedonia from NATO membership? The purpose of this paper is to explain the US attitude towards North Macedonia from a geostrategic point of view by applying descriptive analysis. In 2008, after the Greek veto on Macedonia's membership in NATO, a Declaration on Strategic Partnership and Cooperation was signed between the United States and Macedonia, with which the United States guarantees the security of Macedonia, but without meaning a replacement for NATO membership. The Declaration is one of the most important agreements for North Macedonia, which emphasizes, among other things, the strategic commitment of both sides to Macedonia's integration into NATO and the EU, making the United States the only strategic partner and supporter (of the great powers) of Macedonia in its EU and NATO aspirations.Finally, in 2020, through the North Macedonian Embassy in Washington, the instrument for joining the North Atlantic Treaty was deposited, with which North Macedonia officially became a member of NATO.","PeriodicalId":17821,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88716324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We live in a consumer society where consumer behaviour is affected by different stimulants. Some of them have positive or negative influences on buying decisions. But It is very important to take into consideration all of them. When buyers are concerned about their needs, they are trying different ways to satisfy them. The internet revolution has dramatically changed all living rules, especially habits, preferences, and shopping behaviours. Social networks have become a new hybrid component of integrated marketing communications. They enable companies to establish strong and long-term relationships with consumers. They have the power through the information they offer to influence consumers to inform each other and convey experiences about certain products, brands, services or problems they have encountered. Social media influence is obvious. In the last years, the number of social networks has increased. The fact that all social networks are specific is fascinating. At the same time, all of them have different influences. Internet users have the opportunity to choose one or more and use it according to their needs. The experts say that 2020 was an extraordinary year due to a COVID 19 pandemic. The pandemic brought destructive economic and social disruption, psychological, social and professional changes, physical and mental health problems, job loss, fear and stress. All restrictions that were made have a positive impact on social media which allow them to connect with people, distract them from problems, enable them to have fun, allowed to connect with relatives etc. At the same time, the platform has played a vital role in the dissemination of information about crisis. Actually, social media have been a valuable source of all types of information. All changes that have been made also affect consumer decisions. They have changed old habits of shopping in all areas. According to many statistical sources, online shopping increased significantly. The whole way that people work, learn, communicate, travel, shop and consume have changed. The aim of this paper is to explore the impact of social media on consumer behaviour, more specifically, the influence on the preference of specific e-shopping during the COVID 19 pandemic. The first part of the research will be addressed of the general changes in consumer behaviour affected by COVID 19, but the second part will be addressed of the changes in online shopping as a result of social media impact. The aim of this research is to discover all changes of shopping habits affected by the COVID 19 pandemic.
{"title":"THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON ONLINE SHOPPING DURING COVID 19 PANDEMIC","authors":"Maja Kuzmanovska, Dijana Ivanovska Przo","doi":"10.35120/kij4701147k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij4701147k","url":null,"abstract":"We live in a consumer society where consumer behaviour is affected by different stimulants. Some of them have positive or negative influences on buying decisions. But It is very important to take into consideration all of them. When buyers are concerned about their needs, they are trying different ways to satisfy them. \u0000The internet revolution has dramatically changed all living rules, especially habits, preferences, and shopping behaviours. Social networks have become a new hybrid component of integrated marketing communications. They enable companies to establish strong and long-term relationships with consumers. They have the power through the information they offer to influence consumers to inform each other and convey experiences about certain products, brands, services or problems they have encountered. \u0000Social media influence is obvious. In the last years, the number of social networks has increased. The fact that all social networks are specific is fascinating. At the same time, all of them have different influences. Internet users have the opportunity to choose one or more and use it according to their needs. \u0000The experts say that 2020 was an extraordinary year due to a COVID 19 pandemic. The pandemic brought destructive economic and social disruption, psychological, social and professional changes, physical and mental health problems, job loss, fear and stress. All restrictions that were made have a positive impact on social media which allow them to connect with people, distract them from problems, enable them to have fun, allowed to connect with relatives etc. At the same time, the platform has played a vital role in the dissemination of information about crisis. Actually, social media have been a valuable source of all types of information. All changes that have been made also affect consumer decisions. They have changed old habits of shopping in all areas. According to many statistical sources, online shopping increased significantly. The whole way that people work, learn, communicate, travel, shop and consume have changed. \u0000The aim of this paper is to explore the impact of social media on consumer behaviour, more specifically, the influence on the preference of specific e-shopping during the COVID 19 pandemic. The first part of the research will be addressed of the general changes in consumer behaviour affected by COVID 19, but the second part will be addressed of the changes in online shopping as a result of social media impact. The aim of this research is to discover all changes of shopping habits affected by the COVID 19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":17821,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84425682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Projects are targeted initiatives limited in time and resources. From an organizational point of view,effective projects are often those that offer measures and potential solutions to the problems the organization hasfaced. They can provide the organization with tools to create new products or services, or find ways to improvecurrent practice in the context of a particular framework and the specific resources available.The projects that an organization develops should be closely linked to its strategic planning. The more a projectfocuses on research in a specific area or on finding answers to specific questions arising from strategic analysis, themore valuable it will be. Thus, although at the functional level it may seem outside the typical structure of theorganization, the project can directly contribute to its further development.Effective project management can benefit an organization by helping to increase its prosperity. When companies cananticipate problems, adjust tasks, and improve internal communication, the entire organization can benefit. There areother additional benefits of project management - reduced costs and greater efficiency; predictable project results;reduced response time to the problem; improved communication with customers and stakeholders; improved productquality; greater control of budgets and finances; improving decision-making; greater morale and focus on teammembers.Project management can deliver benefits to organizations of all sizes, allowing teams to increase the quality ofresults in a way that is sensitive to costs and organizational deadlines. Recent economic developments have led morecompanies to pursue project management as a way to reduce costs and increase both profit and project quality
{"title":"THE PROJECT AS AN ORGANIZATIONAL TOOL","authors":"S. Djordjevic, Milica Milenkovic","doi":"10.35120/kij4701201d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij4701201d","url":null,"abstract":"Projects are targeted initiatives limited in time and resources. From an organizational point of view,effective projects are often those that offer measures and potential solutions to the problems the organization hasfaced. They can provide the organization with tools to create new products or services, or find ways to improvecurrent practice in the context of a particular framework and the specific resources available.The projects that an organization develops should be closely linked to its strategic planning. The more a projectfocuses on research in a specific area or on finding answers to specific questions arising from strategic analysis, themore valuable it will be. Thus, although at the functional level it may seem outside the typical structure of theorganization, the project can directly contribute to its further development.Effective project management can benefit an organization by helping to increase its prosperity. When companies cananticipate problems, adjust tasks, and improve internal communication, the entire organization can benefit. There areother additional benefits of project management - reduced costs and greater efficiency; predictable project results;reduced response time to the problem; improved communication with customers and stakeholders; improved productquality; greater control of budgets and finances; improving decision-making; greater morale and focus on teammembers.Project management can deliver benefits to organizations of all sizes, allowing teams to increase the quality ofresults in a way that is sensitive to costs and organizational deadlines. Recent economic developments have led morecompanies to pursue project management as a way to reduce costs and increase both profit and project quality","PeriodicalId":17821,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79705689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Business education empowers students to find quick solutions in the modern global and complex world when continuous changes are occurring. Future business leaders need to possess skills to identify solutions for ethical dilemmas they can face in the workplace. Business graduates need to understand the role of business in society and wider responsibilities towards all stakeholders. Business programs have to reflect the tendency to the increasing demand of professionals educated in corporate social responsibility (CSR), sustainability, and business ethics. As sustainability issues are at the center of attention around the globe, higher education institutions need to adapt their programs accordingly, and hence, offer business ethics and CSR courses. Since stakeholders’ requirements and preferences must be considered, universities are improving their programs constantly. Therefore, studies should be conducted to determine new approaches for effective teaching. The presented article overviews business education peculiarities, and discusses the importance of and approaches to teaching business ethics and CSR at business schools.
{"title":"FOSTERING RESPONSIBLE MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL ETHICS THROUGH BUSINESS EDUCATION","authors":"Iza Gigauri","doi":"10.35120/kij4701065g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij4701065g","url":null,"abstract":"Business education empowers students to find quick solutions in the modern global and complex world when continuous changes are occurring. Future business leaders need to possess skills to identify solutions for ethical dilemmas they can face in the workplace. Business graduates need to understand the role of business in society and wider responsibilities towards all stakeholders. Business programs have to reflect the tendency to the increasing demand of professionals educated in corporate social responsibility (CSR), sustainability, and business ethics. As sustainability issues are at the center of attention around the globe, higher education institutions need to adapt their programs accordingly, and hence, offer business ethics and CSR courses. Since stakeholders’ requirements and preferences must be considered, universities are improving their programs constantly. Therefore, studies should be conducted to determine new approaches for effective teaching. The presented article overviews business education peculiarities, and discusses the importance of and approaches to teaching business ethics and CSR at business schools.","PeriodicalId":17821,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81750022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The modern marketing concept uses all the existing and finds new potentials in order for companies to communicate as successfully as possible and respond to market demands. At the end of the 20th century, humanity's concern for the preservation of the environment influenced the growing demand for environmentally friendly products and services. With the emergence of a new market segment, environmentally conscious consumers, there was a need to develop ecological marketing. The commitment of a company for ecological business involves the adoption of a new concept of ecological development of effective and efficient marketing mix in order to address local, regional and global environmental issues. Therefore, ecological marketing must incorporate environmental care into its study in a standard marketing mix of variable sizes. Through classical instruments of marketing mix i.e., product, price, distribution and promotion of ecological marketing aims to identify, anticipate, meet the needs of consumers and society in a profitable and sustainable manner. Sustainable development is a process allowing development to take place without degrading or depleting the resources on which it is based. This is, in general, possible either by managing resources in such a way that they can self-renew to the extent that they are used, or by greater representation and use of resources where the regeneration period is short. With such an approach, resources can serve future, to the same extent, as present generations. The demand for organic products has influenced the development of organic production, because in addition to the economic and ethical dimension, it also contains an ecological dimension. Marketing of organic products means placing on the market of certified organic food products, in order to meet the needs of consumers, make a profit and preserve the environment. The model of marketing organic products has theoretical and practical significance from the aspect of strict control and certification from production and procurement of inputs, organic production, purchase and sale, processing, commercialization of products and distribution channels to consumers or customers. The paper starts with the assumption that the ecological marketing is in the function of sustainable development. Each ecological product occupies a special position, i.e., a place in the minds of consumers in relation to competitors, which is the result of their ranking based on attributes or dimensions important to consumers. The methods used in this paper are based on secondary or existing sources of information (books, monographs, research projects and studies, articles, papers, web information and other available bibliographic sources). The aim of the research is to see what ecological marketing is, and then what combination of marketing instruments is necessary in the function of sustainable development. The subject of research is ecological marketing in the function of sustainable
{"title":"ECOLOGICAL MARKETING IN THE FUNCTION OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT","authors":"I. Lazović","doi":"10.35120/kij4701153l","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij4701153l","url":null,"abstract":"The modern marketing concept uses all the existing and finds new potentials in order for companies to communicate as successfully as possible and respond to market demands. At the end of the 20th century, humanity's concern for the preservation of the environment influenced the growing demand for environmentally friendly products and services. With the emergence of a new market segment, environmentally conscious consumers, there was a need to develop ecological marketing. \u0000The commitment of a company for ecological business involves the adoption of a new concept of ecological development of effective and efficient marketing mix in order to address local, regional and global environmental issues. Therefore, ecological marketing must incorporate environmental care into its study in a standard marketing mix of variable sizes. Through classical instruments of marketing mix i.e., product, price, distribution and promotion of ecological marketing aims to identify, anticipate, meet the needs of consumers and society in a profitable and sustainable manner. \u0000Sustainable development is a process allowing development to take place without degrading or depleting the resources on which it is based. This is, in general, possible either by managing resources in such a way that they can self-renew to the extent that they are used, or by greater representation and use of resources where the regeneration period is short. With such an approach, resources can serve future, to the same extent, as present generations. \u0000The demand for organic products has influenced the development of organic production, because in addition to the economic and ethical dimension, it also contains an ecological dimension. Marketing of organic products means placing on the market of certified organic food products, in order to meet the needs of consumers, make a profit and preserve the environment. The model of marketing organic products has theoretical and practical significance from the aspect of strict control and certification from production and procurement of inputs, organic production, purchase and sale, processing, commercialization of products and distribution channels to consumers or customers. \u0000The paper starts with the assumption that the ecological marketing is in the function of sustainable development. Each ecological product occupies a special position, i.e., a place in the minds of consumers in relation to competitors, which is the result of their ranking based on attributes or dimensions important to consumers. The methods used in this paper are based on secondary or existing sources of information (books, monographs, research projects and studies, articles, papers, web information and other available bibliographic sources). The aim of the research is to see what ecological marketing is, and then what combination of marketing instruments is necessary in the function of sustainable development. The subject of research is ecological marketing in the function of sustainable","PeriodicalId":17821,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81837901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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