In this article, an attempt will be made to outline the main risks in human resource management. For this purpose, an analysis is made and the possibilities for assessing the effectiveness of human resources management are considered. The presented information will be used to assess and measure the lost benefits and gaps in human resource management in different regions. A review of the contribution of human resources to the achievement of regional economic growth will be made, taking into account the problems of employment and unemployment in the regions of the country as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. By increasing the efficiency of human resources management, it will be possible to increase employment and reduce unemployment, as well as to achieve regional economic growth. A significant point in the study is placed on the development of smart cities and the increase of micro-links between the individual and the business entity on the labor market.
{"title":"RISKS TO HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT","authors":"Simeon Nikolov","doi":"10.35120/kij4701171n","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij4701171n","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, an attempt will be made to outline the main risks in human resource management. For this purpose, an analysis is made and the possibilities for assessing the effectiveness of human resources management are considered. The presented information will be used to assess and measure the lost benefits and gaps in human resource management in different regions. A review of the contribution of human resources to the achievement of regional economic growth will be made, taking into account the problems of employment and unemployment in the regions of the country as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. By increasing the efficiency of human resources management, it will be possible to increase employment and reduce unemployment, as well as to achieve regional economic growth. A significant point in the study is placed on the development of smart cities and the increase of micro-links between the individual and the business entity on the labor market.","PeriodicalId":17821,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83313112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A reflection process shall be launched to see if the NATO is ready to face the challenges of tomorrow. The main aim of this paper will be to outline what are the perspectives and challenges according to the Balkan countries and what is the role of NATO in the Eastern Flank. Collecting of views from the region will give some ideas and propositions how to make the Alliance stronger and more effective politically and militarily. The western Balkans is one of the longest lasting and largest investments that NATO has made throughout time. The Western Balkans is the most articulate because of the complexity of the region. As the WB is so articulate and complex and the relationships since the 1990s between NATO and the region of the WB have evolved. The three main pillars of the NATO strategic concept are deterrence and defence crisis management and cooperative security. Now we have two new NATO tools that are helping the region - capacity building to the civil military team (NATO advisory team which support the set up of security force in Kosovo) and enhanced interaction which is a basket of tailored activities (it is not a partnership because there are some of the Allies that do not the declaration of independence of Kosovo) that have been revised by the North Atlantic Council- building integrity and civil emergency planning. The common point between all the countries of the WB which have joined the partnership of peace is the contribution that they give to the security and stability of the region and to this idea of projecting stability. When NATO’s neighbours are stable the Alliance itself will be more stable. The open door policy a cornerstone of the Washington treaty– for many countries of the WB it is a cornerstone for becoming members and to assume the responsibilities and the obligations (and the willingness and ability to assume them) that come with this membership. Political dialogue and practical cooperation are crucial for the countries especially from the region of the Western Balkans to foster the regional understanding and to share common expertise. Speaking about the Geopolitics in the Balkans and in South Eastern Europe, my first point is about the current geopolitical dynamics. SE Europe and even The Balkans are not anymore in the centre of world politics in the role of the trouble maker in the region, like it was in the late 90s of the last and in the beginning of this century. But they continue to be a field for political manoeuvring of the geopolitical players dominated by the desire to confer spheres of interest and to mutually deter each other. We shall not forget that precisely democracy is the element that binds all members and the liberal economic principles are the cornerstone of this common identity. A more equitable burden sharing and ascending defense spending (2% or less currently) is an important benchmark for the future preparedness of the Alliance. The transatlantic relation was a point discussed largely in reflection
{"title":"PERSPECTIVE FROM THE WESTERN BALKANS AND STRENGTHENING THE NATO’S EASTERN FLANK","authors":"T. Tsvetkov, Anna-Maria Nikolaeva Markova","doi":"10.35120/kij4701263t","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij4701263t","url":null,"abstract":"A reflection process shall be launched to see if the NATO is ready to face the challenges of tomorrow. The main aim of this paper will be to outline what are the perspectives and challenges according to the Balkan countries and what is the role of NATO in the Eastern Flank. Collecting of views from the region will give some ideas and propositions how to make the Alliance stronger and more effective politically and militarily. \u0000The western Balkans is one of the longest lasting and largest investments that NATO has made throughout time. The Western Balkans is the most articulate because of the complexity of the region. As the WB is so articulate and complex and the relationships since the 1990s between NATO and the region of the WB have evolved. The three main pillars of the NATO strategic concept are deterrence and defence crisis management and cooperative security. Now we have two new NATO tools that are helping the region - capacity building to the civil military team (NATO advisory team which support the set up of security force in Kosovo) and enhanced interaction which is a basket of tailored activities (it is not a partnership because there are some of the Allies that do not the declaration of independence of Kosovo) that have been revised by the North Atlantic Council- building integrity and civil emergency planning. The common point between all the countries of the WB which have joined the partnership of peace is the contribution that they give to the security and stability of the region and to this idea of projecting stability. When NATO’s neighbours are stable the Alliance itself will be more stable. The open door policy a cornerstone of the Washington treaty– for many countries of the WB it is a cornerstone for becoming members and to assume the responsibilities and the obligations (and the willingness and ability to assume them) that come with this membership. Political dialogue and practical cooperation are crucial for the countries especially from the region of the Western Balkans to foster the regional understanding and to share common expertise. Speaking about the Geopolitics in the Balkans and in South Eastern Europe, my first point is about the current geopolitical dynamics. SE Europe and even The Balkans are not anymore in the centre of world politics in the role of the trouble maker in the region, like it was in the late 90s of the last and in the beginning of this century. But they continue to be a field for political manoeuvring of the geopolitical players dominated by the desire to confer spheres of interest and to mutually deter each other. We shall not forget that precisely democracy is the element that binds all members and the liberal economic principles are the cornerstone of this common identity. A more equitable burden sharing and ascending defense spending (2% or less currently) is an important benchmark for the future preparedness of the Alliance. The transatlantic relation was a point discussed largely in reflection","PeriodicalId":17821,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74189252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inequality in capital, property and income is a major determinant of modern society. An enormous concentration of the capital is accomplished.The number of the rich, and extremely rich, is increasing. On the other hand are those who have less and the poor. There is also an increase in the number of global plutocrats. Growth dynamics is slowing down. The future is uncertain. The purpose of this paper is to see the growing social inequality as a problem nowadays. Historical, deductive-inductive, structural and comparative analysis are applied. The distribution of wealth is one of the most debated issues today. But do we know enough about its long-term development? Does the dynamics of accumulation of private capital inevitably lead to a strong concentration of wealth and power in the hands of a few? Do equalization of growth rate, competition and technical progress lead to less inequality and greater stabilization in the advanced stages of development? What do we know about income and wealth development and what lessons can we learn from it? The history of the distribution of wealth is always deeply political and cannot be reduced to pure economic mechanisms. The history of inequality depends on the way economic, social and political actors see what is unfair and what is not, as well as on their relative power and the resulting common choices: distribution is a common product of all actors. The dynamics of wealth distribution reveal powerful mechanisms that alternate between convergence and divergence, so there is no natural spontaneous process that would prevent destabilizing, non-egalitarian tendencies from permanently prevailing. We start with the mechanisms that move towards convergence, i.e. towards reducing inequality. The main force of convergence is the process of disseminating knowledge and investing in training and education. The law of supply and demand, as well as the mobility of capital and labor, which is a variant of that law, can be equally relied upon in that direction, but the impact of this law is less powerful than the spread of knowledge and skills and is often ambiguous and contradictory. The process of disseminating knowledge and skills is a key mechanism that simultaneously enables general productivity growth and reduction of inequality. From a strictly theoretical point of view, there are potentially other forces moving towards greater equality. Technological rationality should automatically lead to the victory of human capital over financial capital and real estate, capable managers over shareholders, skills over nepotism. Somehow it would automatically lead to democratic rationality. The issue of wealth distribution will always have a subjective and psychological dimension. The answers offered are always imperfect and unfinished. Changes are logically possible and to some extent real, but their impact is far smaller than we can imagine.
{"title":"INEQUALITY AND CONCETRAТION OF CAPITAL","authors":"Nikolce Runcev, Trajanka Makrevska","doi":"10.35120/kij4701187r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij4701187r","url":null,"abstract":"Inequality in capital, property and income is a major determinant of modern society. An enormous concentration of the capital is accomplished.The number of the rich, and extremely rich, is increasing. On the other hand are those who have less and the poor. There is also an increase in the number of global plutocrats. Growth dynamics is slowing down. The future is uncertain. The purpose of this paper is to see the growing social inequality as a problem nowadays. Historical, deductive-inductive, structural and comparative analysis are applied. The distribution of wealth is one of the most debated issues today. But do we know enough about its long-term development? Does the dynamics of accumulation of private capital inevitably lead to a strong concentration of wealth and power in the hands of a few? Do equalization of growth rate, competition and technical progress lead to less inequality and greater stabilization in the advanced stages of development? What do we know about income and wealth development and what lessons can we learn from it? \u0000The history of the distribution of wealth is always deeply political and cannot be reduced to pure economic mechanisms. The history of inequality depends on the way economic, social and political actors see what is unfair and what is not, as well as on their relative power and the resulting common choices: distribution is a common product of all actors. \u0000The dynamics of wealth distribution reveal powerful mechanisms that alternate between convergence and divergence, so there is no natural spontaneous process that would prevent destabilizing, non-egalitarian tendencies from permanently prevailing. \u0000We start with the mechanisms that move towards convergence, i.e. towards reducing inequality. The main force of convergence is the process of disseminating knowledge and investing in training and education. \u0000The law of supply and demand, as well as the mobility of capital and labor, which is a variant of that law, can be equally relied upon in that direction, but the impact of this law is less powerful than the spread of knowledge and skills and is often ambiguous and contradictory. The process of disseminating knowledge and skills is a key mechanism that simultaneously enables general productivity growth and reduction of inequality. \u0000From a strictly theoretical point of view, there are potentially other forces moving towards greater equality. Technological rationality should automatically lead to the victory of human capital over financial capital and real estate, capable managers over shareholders, skills over nepotism. Somehow it would automatically lead to democratic rationality. \u0000The issue of wealth distribution will always have a subjective and psychological dimension. The answers offered are always imperfect and unfinished. \u0000Changes are logically possible and to some extent real, but their impact is far smaller than we can imagine.","PeriodicalId":17821,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77428635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current and periodic information created in the accounting allows to apply different types of analyzes, including economic and financial accounting. The management of a company in the non-financial sector should strive to develop its activities by increasing the financial results and attractiveness of its customers, following modern trends, including in their dynamic manifestation. Thus, accounting as a separate system in the enterprise is associated with the system of its management, which is in line with the application of the principles of a systematic approach. The main management function of the management team is to analyze the information from transactions and events that are reflected in the financial statements. To be able to make full use of the available information, it is necessary to select, group and compare it with the specific information contained in the current and periodic reporting. Thus, measures can be proposed to optimize the financial condition of the enterprise, including usage of specific accounting solutions, examined through the tools of financial and accounting analysis. The aim of this report is to explore opportunities for practical application of specific accounting decisions when compiling financial statements of non-financial sector and to analyze their impact on the financial result of the establishment of selected financial accounting measures, in compliance with the national legislation and international accounting standards.
{"title":"THE ANALYSIS OF THE FINANCIAL RESULT - TOOL FOR EVALUATION OF THE APPLICATION OF SPECIFIC ACCOUNTING DECISIONS IN THE NON-FINANCIAL SECTOR ENTERPRISE","authors":"Valentina Staneva","doi":"10.35120/kij4701085s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij4701085s","url":null,"abstract":"The current and periodic information created in the accounting allows to apply different types of analyzes, including economic and financial accounting. The management of a company in the non-financial sector should strive to develop its activities by increasing the financial results and attractiveness of its customers, following modern trends, including in their dynamic manifestation. Thus, accounting as a separate system in the enterprise is associated with the system of its management, which is in line with the application of the principles of a systematic approach. The main management function of the management team is to analyze the information from transactions and events that are reflected in the financial statements. To be able to make full use of the available information, it is necessary to select, group and compare it with the specific information contained in the current and periodic reporting. Thus, measures can be proposed to optimize the financial condition of the enterprise, including usage of specific accounting solutions, examined through the tools of financial and accounting analysis. \u0000The aim of this report is to explore opportunities for practical application of specific accounting decisions when compiling financial statements of non-financial sector and to analyze their impact on the financial result of the establishment of selected financial accounting measures, in compliance with the national legislation and international accounting standards.","PeriodicalId":17821,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80577371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Quality management in business logistics is a contemporary approach to the operation of logistics companies, ie all service, trade and manufacturing business entities. Especially now, when the transformation processes of the companies in the market are open, in a time of global changes and transformation of the existing business models, there is more talk about quality management in business logistics, especially about strategic quality management in business logistics that refers to achievement to all strategic and sustainable standards. The business aspects of logistics have contributed to the development of a contemporary scientific discipline, ie business logistics and supply chain management. Thus, business logistics as a contemporary scientific discipline is experiencing its peak right now. Namely, new concepts for management are being developed, ie trends in business logistics and supply chains are being designed and implemented, the logistics activity is increasingly supported by related technologies, etc. These innovations in science have led to a whole new framework of science and practice in this field, ie a new approach, which is to deliver pure value. This is not a simple goal at all and that is why business logistics as an interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary contemporary scientific discipline relies on related sciences, ie economic, organizational, and even technological sciences. Thus, quality management in business logistics requires perfect knowledge of the field of quality management, ie logistics and quality management as a related area are integrated and create quality management in business logistics. The aim of this paper is to systematize the modern theoretical knowledge in order to create a sufficiently stable methodological framework that will be appropriate for dealing with modern problems of logistics companies. This goal inspires the author to apply an appropriate scientific research methodology characteristic of the social sciences. The subject of this paper is the applicable methods, techniques and tools for strategic quality management in business logistics. Namely, the paper consists of introductory notes where the author introduces the reader to the issue, while the content of the paper consists of two main theses. The first thesis refers to the conceptual definition of quality in business logistics and tactics for introducing quality in three areas of quality related to business logistics: marketing, functional and social area. The second thesis refers to building an appropriate methodological framework for strategic quality management in business logistics. In the final part of this paper, the author gives the general conclusion and presents the objective recommendations produced by this paper. In this paper, relevant and contemporary domestic and foreign literature is applied, which is necessary to provide scientific support to the topicality of the issue.
{"title":"METHODS AND TECHNIQUES FOR STRATEGIC QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN BUSINESS LOGISTICS","authors":"Mario Chobanov","doi":"10.35120/kij4701137c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij4701137c","url":null,"abstract":"Quality management in business logistics is a contemporary approach to the operation of logistics companies, ie all service, trade and manufacturing business entities. Especially now, when the transformation processes of the companies in the market are open, in a time of global changes and transformation of the existing business models, there is more talk about quality management in business logistics, especially about strategic quality management in business logistics that refers to achievement to all strategic and sustainable standards. \u0000The business aspects of logistics have contributed to the development of a contemporary scientific discipline, ie business logistics and supply chain management. Thus, business logistics as a contemporary scientific discipline is experiencing its peak right now. Namely, new concepts for management are being developed, ie trends in business logistics and supply chains are being designed and implemented, the logistics activity is increasingly supported by related technologies, etc. These innovations in science have led to a whole new framework of science and practice in this field, ie a new approach, which is to deliver pure value. This is not a simple goal at all and that is why business logistics as an interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary contemporary scientific discipline relies on related sciences, ie economic, organizational, and even technological sciences. Thus, quality management in business logistics requires perfect knowledge of the field of quality management, ie logistics and quality management as a related area are integrated and create quality management in business logistics. \u0000The aim of this paper is to systematize the modern theoretical knowledge in order to create a sufficiently stable methodological framework that will be appropriate for dealing with modern problems of logistics companies. This goal inspires the author to apply an appropriate scientific research methodology characteristic of the social sciences. The subject of this paper is the applicable methods, techniques and tools for strategic quality management in business logistics. Namely, the paper consists of introductory notes where the author introduces the reader to the issue, while the content of the paper consists of two main theses. The first thesis refers to the conceptual definition of quality in business logistics and tactics for introducing quality in three areas of quality related to business logistics: marketing, functional and social area. The second thesis refers to building an appropriate methodological framework for strategic quality management in business logistics. In the final part of this paper, the author gives the general conclusion and presents the objective recommendations produced by this paper. In this paper, relevant and contemporary domestic and foreign literature is applied, which is necessary to provide scientific support to the topicality of the issue.","PeriodicalId":17821,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80232586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Controlling the spread of COVID-19, in a complicating epidemic situation in towns and villages, proved to be a serious challenge for local governments as well. Taking into account the lack of established practice and anticipatory theory in pandemic situations, the present study substantiates the adequacy of measures taken and activities against the spread of COVID-19 in the municipality of Svishtov. With the help of theoretical and empirical research methods, good practices of local self-government are analyzed (through observation and monitoring) and synthesized, with limited resources (including financial, human, technological, information), for all citizens to create adequate living conditions during a pandemic. Among the key priorities are: healthcare, social activities, education, economy, safe environment, public order and security, fight against misinformation, institutional partnerships, donation initiative, communication and media policy, local restrictive measures. The paper presents systematic actions and initiatives on the territory of Svishtov municipality, in accordance with the stated national priorities, the Decision of the National Assembly of the Republic of Bulgaria to declare a "state of emergency", the Law on Measures and Actions during the state of emergency, the Decision of the Council of Ministers on declaring an “emergency epidemic situation”, the recommendations of the National Operational Headquarters for combating the coronavirus in Bulgaria, the orders of the Minister of Health, the instructions and prescriptions of specialized competent bodies and institutions. In view of the above and the introduced anti-epidemic measures, the consequences for the local economy are also analyzed. The insurmountable event of extraordinary nature caused a negative effect on individuals and legal entities located in the municipality of Svishtov. The actions taken by the Municipality of Svishtov in connection with the prepared package of economic measures to support local businesses and citizens of the Municipality of Svishtov and to reduce the negative consequences of the pandemic were assessed. The results of the study show that the broad areas of competence and involvement of the Municipal crisis management structure, municipal administration and specialized competent authorities are a prerequisite for adequate implementation of measures under these key priorities and the lack of serious complications in the epidemic situation in the municipality Svishtov. The implemented activities against the spread of COVID-19 on the territory of Svishtov municipality are in accordance with the applicable national and regional policy. The package of economic measures is an adequate tool to support local businesses and citizens of Svishtov municipality, and to reduce the negative consequences of the pandemic.
{"title":"CHALLENGES FOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT DURING A PANDEMIC (FOLLOWING THE EXAMPLE OF SVISHTOV MUNICIPALITY, REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA)","authors":"T. Dimitrova","doi":"10.35120/kij4701131d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij4701131d","url":null,"abstract":"Controlling the spread of COVID-19, in a complicating epidemic situation in towns and villages, proved to be a serious challenge for local governments as well. Taking into account the lack of established practice and anticipatory theory in pandemic situations, the present study substantiates the adequacy of measures taken and activities against the spread of COVID-19 in the municipality of Svishtov. With the help of theoretical and empirical research methods, good practices of local self-government are analyzed (through observation and monitoring) and synthesized, with limited resources (including financial, human, technological, information), for all citizens to create adequate living conditions during a pandemic. Among the key priorities are: healthcare, social activities, education, economy, safe environment, public order and security, fight against misinformation, institutional partnerships, donation initiative, communication and media policy, local restrictive measures. The paper presents systematic actions and initiatives on the territory of Svishtov municipality, in accordance with the stated national priorities, the Decision of the National Assembly of the Republic of Bulgaria to declare a \"state of emergency\", the Law on Measures and Actions during the state of emergency, the Decision of the Council of Ministers on declaring an “emergency epidemic situation”, the recommendations of the National Operational Headquarters for combating the coronavirus in Bulgaria, the orders of the Minister of Health, the instructions and prescriptions of specialized competent bodies and institutions. In view of the above and the introduced anti-epidemic measures, the consequences for the local economy are also analyzed. The insurmountable event of extraordinary nature caused a negative effect on individuals and legal entities located in the municipality of Svishtov. The actions taken by the Municipality of Svishtov in connection with the prepared package of economic measures to support local businesses and citizens of the Municipality of Svishtov and to reduce the negative consequences of the pandemic were assessed. The results of the study show that the broad areas of competence and involvement of the Municipal crisis management structure, municipal administration and specialized competent authorities are a prerequisite for adequate implementation of measures under these key priorities and the lack of serious complications in the epidemic situation in the municipality Svishtov. The implemented activities against the spread of COVID-19 on the territory of Svishtov municipality are in accordance with the applicable national and regional policy. The package of economic measures is an adequate tool to support local businesses and citizens of Svishtov municipality, and to reduce the negative consequences of the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":17821,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88860002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The pursuit of the activity of health insurers under the conditions of global economic and health crisis due to the announced COVID-19 pandemic, of severe competition, of globalization and continuous commitment to achieve high yields from the administration of the funds of health insurers, creates conditions and prerequisites to develop new health insurances. As a result of the announced COVID-19 pandemic, health insurers are facing a serious hazard related to the liabilities they have undertaken under the health insurances. There is a large-scale occurrence of the risk assumed by health insurers in the situation of a global health crisis due to the announced COVID-19 pandemic. Generation of new ideas and views with regard to the profile of the new health insurance product; its development; the establishment of strategy for the product’s market development; the marketing tests of the product; the quality and the market potential of the product are among the main aspects for analysis of health insurer’s competitive power upon launching new health insurances products. The aim is to mitigate the large-scale occurrence rate of the health insurance risk in order to enable health insurers to flawlessly fulfil their obligations to the health-insured persons. Insurers that demonstrate financial stability, solvency and good financial performance will have better chance to succeed and survive under the new conditions of a global health and financial crisis.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF THE POSSIBILITIES FOR HEALTH INSURERS TO DEVELOP NEW HEALTH INSURANCES IN CONDITIONS OF A COVID-19 PANDEMIC","authors":"Maia Iankova Natchkova","doi":"10.35120/kij4701117i","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij4701117i","url":null,"abstract":"The pursuit of the activity of health insurers under the conditions of global economic and health crisis due to the announced COVID-19 pandemic, of severe competition, of globalization and continuous commitment to achieve high yields from the administration of the funds of health insurers, creates conditions and prerequisites to develop new health insurances. As a result of the announced COVID-19 pandemic, health insurers are facing a serious hazard related to the liabilities they have undertaken under the health insurances. There is a large-scale occurrence of the risk assumed by health insurers in the situation of a global health crisis due to the announced COVID-19 pandemic. Generation of new ideas and views with regard to the profile of the new health insurance product; its development; the establishment of strategy for the product’s market development; the marketing tests of the product; the quality and the market potential of the product are among the main aspects for analysis of health insurer’s competitive power upon launching new health insurances products. The aim is to mitigate the large-scale occurrence rate of the health insurance risk in order to enable health insurers to flawlessly fulfil their obligations to the health-insured persons. Insurers that demonstrate financial stability, solvency and good financial performance will have better chance to succeed and survive under the new conditions of a global health and financial crisis.","PeriodicalId":17821,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76959134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The economic development of countries and regional economic integrations in this century is accompanied by increasing openness and growing production and trade competitiveness of national economies in the world market. In short, the level of national competitiveness determines the ability of its institutions to shape the conditions conducive to business promotion, on the one hand, and the potential of domestic firms to take advantage of such conditions and place products on the world market, on the other. Dynamic economic growth means that companies and countries are increasingly promoting the improvement of trade competitiveness on the world market on the commercial valorization of existing and new knowledge into innovations. Strengthening innovation capacity helps countries accelerate the process of structural change and thus create conditions for dynamic economic growth, which is in the function of improving national competitiveness in the increasingly complex and demanding conditions of global business and competition. The fact is, however, that satisfactory economic development, which is based on the growth of competitiveness, fails to be achieved by all countries. Viewed in that light, the fourth industrial revolution as a phenomenon that dominates modern economic events in the world, opened new possibilities, but at the same time led to the strengthening of many imbalances, one of the expressive forms of which is the growing development gap between individual national economies. After forty years of experience in monitoring and comparing the factors of long-term competitiveness of countries, in 2018, the World Economic Forum promoted the Global Competitiveness Index 4.0. The index provides a detailed overview of the key drivers of economic growth and human development indicators in the era of the fourth industrial revolution. As an indicator of national competitiveness, the index is adjusted to the description of real events in business and the overall life of people that are shaped by the phenomenon of the fourth industrial revolution. The concept is based on the observation of the increase of real national production enabled by the growth of consumption of factors of production and total factor productivity as a measure of efficiency in the use of factors based on the commercialization of new knowledge and skills in innovation. Thus conceived, the Global Competitiveness Index 4.0. is a kind of indicator of the factors that determine economic growth and social development in the era of the fourth industrial revolution. It is an annual indicator that enables economic policy makers to assess their progress in a number of areas that determine national competitiveness in today's economic conditions. All indicators that make up the Global Competitiveness Index 4.0 are organized into 12 pillars: Institutions; Infrastructure; Application of ICT; Macroeconomic stability; Health; Skills; Product market; Job market; Financial system; Market size;
{"title":"KNOWLEDGE IN THE CONCEPT OF NATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS IN THE ERA OF THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION","authors":"V. Stojanović","doi":"10.35120/kij4701045s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij4701045s","url":null,"abstract":"The economic development of countries and regional economic integrations in this century is accompanied by increasing openness and growing production and trade competitiveness of national economies in the world market. In short, the level of national competitiveness determines the ability of its institutions to shape the conditions conducive to business promotion, on the one hand, and the potential of domestic firms to take advantage of such conditions and place products on the world market, on the other. Dynamic economic growth means that companies and countries are increasingly promoting the improvement of trade competitiveness on the world market on the commercial valorization of existing and new knowledge into innovations. Strengthening innovation capacity helps countries accelerate the process of structural change and thus create conditions for dynamic economic growth, which is in the function of improving national competitiveness in the increasingly complex and demanding conditions of global business and competition. The fact is, however, that satisfactory economic development, which is based on the growth of competitiveness, fails to be achieved by all countries. Viewed in that light, the fourth industrial revolution as a phenomenon that dominates modern economic events in the world, opened new possibilities, but at the same time led to the strengthening of many imbalances, one of the expressive forms of which is the growing development gap between individual national economies. \u0000After forty years of experience in monitoring and comparing the factors of long-term competitiveness of countries, in 2018, the World Economic Forum promoted the Global Competitiveness Index 4.0. The index provides a detailed overview of the key drivers of economic growth and human development indicators in the era of the fourth industrial revolution. As an indicator of national competitiveness, the index is adjusted to the description of real events in business and the overall life of people that are shaped by the phenomenon of the fourth industrial revolution. The concept is based on the observation of the increase of real national production enabled by the growth of consumption of factors of production and total factor productivity as a measure of efficiency in the use of factors based on the commercialization of new knowledge and skills in innovation. Thus conceived, the Global Competitiveness Index 4.0. is a kind of indicator of the factors that determine economic growth and social development in the era of the fourth industrial revolution. It is an annual indicator that enables economic policy makers to assess their progress in a number of areas that determine national competitiveness in today's economic conditions. All indicators that make up the Global Competitiveness Index 4.0 are organized into 12 pillars: Institutions; Infrastructure; Application of ICT; Macroeconomic stability; Health; Skills; Product market; Job market; Financial system; Market size; ","PeriodicalId":17821,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75702137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The process of committing time, resources and money in order to produce useful things in the future is, from an economic point of view a defining part of what business, governments and individuals do. Over the last few decades, the nature of investment has been changing to large extent. The type of investment that has risen dramatically is intangible: investment in ideas, in knowledge, in aesthetic content, in software, in brands, in networks and relationship. The paper describes this change and why has happened. Any investments, tangible or intangible, is a step into the unknown. No businesses know for sure what the return will be. First of all, owing to its invisibility, intangible investments tend to be worth less if they fail. It’s harder to recover their value by simply selling them. The upside of an intangible investment is potentially much higher, since it is more likely to benefit from scale (so a modest investment can reap a big return) or synergies (increasing its value directly). So when things go wrong, intangibles tend to be worth less, and when they go well, they tend to be worth much more. The tendency of intangible investments to generate spillovers makes radically harder to estimate the future returns to the company. And the absence of markets for many intangibles (which contributes to their sunkenness) makes it harder to form a realistic estimate of their value. Intangibles also tend to be contested. People and businesses will often vie to see who control them, own them, or benefit from them. This is partly a function of spillovers. Intangibles have four unusual economic properties. These properties can exist with tangible investments, but on the whole intangible assets exhibit them to a greater degree. The numerous reasons for the growth of intangible investment, including the changing balance of services and manufacturing in the economy, globalization, the increased liberalization of markets, development in IT and management technologies, and the changing input costs of services(which play a greater role in intangible investment). This paper looks at the role of intangibles in secular stagnation, the puzzling fall in investment and productivity growth seen in major economy in recent years. We argue the increasing importance of intangible investment may have an important role to play in this troubling phenomenon.
{"title":"INTANGIBLE ECONOMY","authors":"Nikolce Runcev, Trajanka Makrevska","doi":"10.35120/kij4701197r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij4701197r","url":null,"abstract":"The process of committing time, resources and money in order to produce useful things in the future is, from an economic point of view a defining part of what business, governments and individuals do. Over the last few decades, the nature of investment has been changing to large extent. \u0000The type of investment that has risen dramatically is intangible: investment in ideas, in knowledge, in aesthetic content, in software, in brands, in networks and relationship. \u0000The paper describes this change and why has happened. \u0000Any investments, tangible or intangible, is a step into the unknown. No businesses know for sure what the return will be. First of all, owing to its invisibility, intangible investments tend to be worth less if they fail. It’s harder to recover their value by simply selling them. \u0000The upside of an intangible investment is potentially much higher, since it is more likely to benefit from scale (so a modest investment can reap a big return) or synergies (increasing its value directly). So when things go wrong, intangibles tend to be worth less, and when they go well, they tend to be worth much more. \u0000The tendency of intangible investments to generate spillovers makes radically harder to estimate the future returns to the company. And the absence of markets for many intangibles (which contributes to their sunkenness) makes it harder to form a realistic estimate of their value. \u0000Intangibles also tend to be contested. People and businesses will often vie to see who control them, own them, or benefit from them. This is partly a function of spillovers. \u0000Intangibles have four unusual economic properties. These properties can exist with tangible investments, but on the whole intangible assets exhibit them to a greater degree. \u0000The numerous reasons for the growth of intangible investment, including the changing balance of services and manufacturing in the economy, globalization, the increased liberalization of markets, development in IT and management technologies, and the changing input costs of services(which play a greater role in intangible investment). \u0000This paper looks at the role of intangibles in secular stagnation, the puzzling fall in investment and productivity growth seen in major economy in recent years. We argue the increasing importance of intangible investment may have an important role to play in this troubling phenomenon. ","PeriodicalId":17821,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89195944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main purpose of this paper is to identify the impact of training and development on service sector. In the methodology of this paper we used the quantitative and qualitative method conducted with respondents in travel agencies. The questionnaire was structured with types of training and training needs for service sector employees, the research refers the level of trainings that are conducted in the travel agencies. Introduction of the information technology and different application programmes has increased the need of trainings of travel agency workers. The simple random technique is used to collect data from targeted travel agencies. The T test and correlation matrix is used to see the impact of training to employee’s performance. As a strategic activity, the training is related to the mission of the travel agency and its long-term objectives and is a major contributor to the development of skilled, flexible and dedicated employees while providing training in combination with other human resource management functions. In businesses that are in service sector that have experience in their field professional consultants - people who have the necessary skills and knowledge to implement the training, are responsible for staff training. However, in terms of transferring practical knowledge, managers are much more efficient. Their practical experience and skills, knowledge of their company, network of business contacts, and personal knowledge of the human resources of their organization make them qualified than the professional trainers, responsible for human resources.Training can be developed on the job and of the job depending on the organisation needs and employees skills, while communication skills are usually needed in travel agencies this is one together with use of software packages are the most important trainings that were identified in our research.
{"title":"IMPACT OF HUMAN RESOURCES TRAININGS AND KNOWLEDGE SHARING IN TRAVEL AGENCIES","authors":"Theranda Beqiri, Fjolla Trakaniqi","doi":"10.35120/kij4701165b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij4701165b","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of this paper is to identify the impact of training and development on service sector. In the methodology of this paper we used the quantitative and qualitative method conducted with respondents in travel agencies. The questionnaire was structured with types of training and training needs for service sector employees, the research refers the level of trainings that are conducted in the travel agencies. Introduction of the information technology and different application programmes has increased the need of trainings of travel agency workers. The simple random technique is used to collect data from targeted travel agencies. The T test and correlation matrix is used to see the impact of training to employee’s performance. As a strategic activity, the training is related to the mission of the travel agency and its long-term objectives and is a major contributor to the development of skilled, flexible and dedicated employees while providing training in combination with other human resource management functions. In businesses that are in service sector that have experience in their field professional consultants - people who have the necessary skills and knowledge to implement the training, are responsible for staff training. However, in terms of transferring practical knowledge, managers are much more efficient. Their practical experience and skills, knowledge of their company, network of business contacts, and personal knowledge of the human resources of their organization make them qualified than the professional trainers, responsible for human resources.Training can be developed on the job and of the job depending on the organisation needs and employees skills, while communication skills are usually needed in travel agencies this is one together with use of software packages are the most important trainings that were identified in our research.","PeriodicalId":17821,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89545085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：