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Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium. 2000 Proceedings. International Symposium on Product Quality and Integrity (Cat. No.00CH37055)最新文献

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A Petri-net approach for early-stage system-level software reliability estimation 早期系统级软件可靠性评估的Petri-net方法
Meng-Lai Yin, C. L. Hyde, L. E. James
This paper addresses software reliability modeling issues at the early stage of a software development for large-scale software products. The hierarchical view of a software product provides the modeling framework at the system level. This paper shows how to take the hierarchical description and perform the system-level software reliability estimation using Petri net mechanisms. The Petri net modeling techniques are proposed for handling the dependency among software modules. Furthermore, this paper addresses issues of early-stage software reliability modeling when failure data is not available.
本文讨论了大型软件产品软件开发早期阶段的软件可靠性建模问题。软件产品的层次视图提供了系统级的建模框架。本文介绍了如何利用Petri网机制进行分层描述并进行系统级软件可靠性估计。提出了Petri网建模技术来处理软件模块间的依赖关系。此外,本文还解决了在无法获得故障数据时的早期软件可靠性建模问题。
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引用次数: 15
State analysis: an alternative approach to FMEA, FTA and Markov analysis 状态分析:FMEA、FTA和马尔可夫分析的替代方法
I. Ruiz, E. Paniagua, J. Alberto, J. Sanabria
State analysis is an alternative functional approach to any other failure analysis technique that tries to face with current product and process design requirements. While other methodologies discover failures without a complete system understanding, state analysis focuses on finding system level failure modes by means of building a full functional model. State analysis grades failure modes in a more representative way by means of applying a customer reaction model, of combining factors, of following fuzzy rules and of including uncertainties. In this way, you are able to focus on important issues and produce field failure rate estimates with these results. Applying state analysis, a total of 635 issues have been identified in 12 sessions, of 2 hours, with an average of 7 people per session. An FMEA of a function was done with different people involved in order to compare. The results were: double time investment, 8 people involved and no critical subsystem interaction issues detected. State analysis has been found an intuitive, comprehensive and easy tool to analyze product functions, failures and design weaknesses within the IPD (integrated product design) environment.
状态分析是其他失效分析技术的一种可选择的功能方法,它试图面对当前的产品和过程设计需求。其他方法发现故障时不需要完整的系统理解,而状态分析侧重于通过构建完整的功能模型来发现系统级故障模式。状态分析通过应用客户反应模型、组合因素、遵循模糊规则和包括不确定性,以更具代表性的方式对失效模式进行分级。通过这种方式,您可以将重点放在重要的问题上,并根据这些结果估算出现场故障率。运用状态分析,在12次2小时的会议中,平均每次会议7人,共确定了635个问题。一个功能的FMEA是在不同的人参与的情况下完成的,以便进行比较。结果是:双倍的时间投入,8个人参与,没有检测到关键的子系统交互问题。在IPD(集成产品设计)环境中,状态分析已经被发现是一种直观、全面和简单的工具,用于分析产品功能、故障和设计弱点。
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引用次数: 15
Improving performance of machinery and equipment 提高机器设备的性能
M. A. Morris
For many products, the application of reliability and maintainability (R&M) is mature. From communications to transportation, the people who work on improving the performance of products deserve much credit. Digital networks to improve communication clarity and performance, one hundred thousand miles between scheduled tune-ups, the list could go on and on. Unfortunately, the application of R&M in the world of machinery and equipment that produces these wonderful products is sometimes far from mature. The good news, there is still some low hanging fruit, some opportunities for real and significant improvement. The motivation for R&M is financial. The intent of R&M is to drive the cost of equipment performance to an economic minimum. To accomplish improved economic performance we must be concerned with the selection of appropriate figures of merit. There is a keen interest in studying and improving those things that are in the control space of the manufacturer of machinery or equipment. This may include the addition of blocking and starving events to current data collection strategies. To accomplish a real and significant reduction in the frequency of failure, we must also implement a system to support lessons learned. QS-9000 and the Tooling & Equipment Supplement provide a sensible structure for an effective R&M program.
对于许多产品来说,可靠性和可维护性(R&M)的应用已经成熟。从通信到运输,致力于提高产品性能的人们值得称赞。数字网络可以提高通信清晰度和性能,定期调整之间的距离可以达到10万英里,这样的例子不胜枚举。不幸的是,在生产这些美妙产品的机器和设备领域,R&M的应用有时还远远不够成熟。好消息是,仍然有一些唾手可得的成果,一些真正显著改善的机会。R&M的动机是经济上的。R&M的目的是将设备性能的成本降至最低经济效益。为了提高经济绩效,我们必须注意选择适当的绩效指标。人们对研究和改进那些在机械或设备制造商控制范围内的东西有着浓厚的兴趣。这可能包括在当前数据收集策略中添加阻塞和饥饿事件。为了真正显著地减少失败的频率,我们还必须实施一个系统来支持吸取的经验教训。QS-9000和工装设备附录为有效的R&M计划提供了一个合理的结构。
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引用次数: 0
System reliability prediction prioritization strategy 系统可靠性预测优先级策略
D. Coit
A procedure is presented to prioritize system reliability prediction activities once a preliminary reliability prediction has been determined. Time and budgetary constraints impose limitations on the extent of analyses and testing needed to determine component reliability estimates. Therefore, it becomes necessary to allocate limited resources in accordance with their system-level impact. The variance of the system reliability estimate is decomposed so that the effect of individual components within the system can be compared and ranked. The reliability prediction prioritization index (RPPI) is defined to allow a comparison of components and to provide a relative ranking of components that can be used to separate the components into two priority groups. The separation is based on whether a decrease of the component reliability estimate variance meaningfully decreases the system reliability estimate variance. The procedure is demonstrated on an automatic train control example.
在初步可靠性预测确定后,提出了一种对系统可靠性预测活动进行优先排序的方法。时间和预算约束限制了确定组件可靠性评估所需的分析和测试的范围。因此,有必要根据系统级的影响来分配有限的资源。对系统可靠性估计的方差进行分解,以便对系统内各个部件的影响进行比较和排序。定义了可靠性预测优先级指数(RPPI),以便对组件进行比较,并提供组件的相对排序,该排序可用于将组件划分为两个优先级组。分离是基于组件可靠性估计方差的减小是否有意义地减小系统可靠性估计方差。最后以列车自动控制为例进行了验证。
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引用次数: 16
NASA new approach for evaluating risk reduction due to Space Shuttle upgrades NASA评估航天飞机升级风险降低的新方法
F. Safie, R.L. Belyeu
As part of NASA's intensive effort to incorporate quantitative risk assessment (QRA) tools in the Agency's decision-making process concerning Space Shuttle risk, NASA has developed a powerful risk assessment tool called the quantitative risk assessment system (QRAS). The QRAS is a tool designed to estimate Space Shuttle risk and evaluate Space Shuttle upgrades. This paper presents an overview of the QRAS with focus on its application for evaluating the risk reduction due to proposed Space Shuttle upgrades. The application includes a case study from the Space Shuttle main engine (SSME). The QRAS overview section of the paper includes the QRAS development process, the technical approach to model development, the QRA quantification methods and techniques, and observations concerning the complex modeling involved in QRAS. The application section of the paper describes a practical case study using QRAS models for evaluating critical Space Shuttle Program upgrades, specifically a proposed SSME nozzle upgrade. This paper presents the method for evaluating the proposed upgrade by comparing the current nozzle (old design with well-established probabilistic models) to the channel wall nozzle (new design at the preliminary design level).
作为NASA在航天飞机风险决策过程中整合定量风险评估(QRA)工具的密集努力的一部分,NASA开发了一种强大的风险评估工具,称为定量风险评估系统(QRAS)。QRAS是一个用来评估航天飞机风险和评估航天飞机升级的工具。本文介绍了QRAS的概况,重点介绍了其在评估航天飞机升级所带来的风险降低方面的应用。该应用程序包括一个航天飞机主发动机(SSME)的案例研究。本文的QRAS概述部分包括QRAS开发过程,模型开发的技术方法,QRA量化方法和技术,以及对QRAS中涉及的复杂建模的观察。论文的应用部分描述了一个实际的案例研究,使用QRAS模型来评估关键的航天飞机计划升级,特别是提议的SSME喷嘴升级。本文提出了通过比较当前喷嘴(具有完善概率模型的旧设计)和通道壁喷嘴(初步设计阶段的新设计)来评估建议升级的方法。
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引用次数: 6
期刊
Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium. 2000 Proceedings. International Symposium on Product Quality and Integrity (Cat. No.00CH37055)
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