Pub Date : 2022-06-05DOI: 10.24017/science.2022.1.6
Sherko Karim Kader, Shava Shirwan Ibrahim Agha, Sham Mustafa Qadir, Banaz N. Muhealdeen
Landscape architecture focuses on studying and designing indoor and outdoor environments. It entails the elements of architecture, art, engineering, and other sociological factors. Accordingly, the landscape architects design the spaces buildings that give life to the structures. Landscape architecture is visible in parks, streets, shared paths, plazas. Shopping malls, apartment compounds, transport networks, and gardens are also examples of landscape architecture. Furthermore, the works of landscape architecture are also visible in museums, memorials, cemeteries, universities, and other schools. Modern architects have designed different permanent structures that will stand for a long period of time. Notwithstanding the preceding, the discourse on what qualifies as landscape architecture and what does not is yet to be settled. This discussion elucidates the process of research through design in landscape architecture, the literature regarding the field, and conducts a case study of specific landscape architecture to elicit applicability of the enumerated concepts. Moreover, the discourse also reveals the research method utilized in the case study and the results as well and discussion.
{"title":"Design through Landscape Architecture for residential common spaces in Japan","authors":"Sherko Karim Kader, Shava Shirwan Ibrahim Agha, Sham Mustafa Qadir, Banaz N. Muhealdeen","doi":"10.24017/science.2022.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2022.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Landscape architecture focuses on studying and designing indoor and outdoor environments. It entails the elements of architecture, art, engineering, and other sociological factors. Accordingly, the landscape architects design the spaces buildings that give life to the structures. Landscape architecture is visible in parks, streets, shared paths, plazas. Shopping malls, apartment compounds, transport networks, and gardens are also examples of landscape architecture. Furthermore, the works of landscape architecture are also visible in museums, memorials, cemeteries, universities, and other schools. Modern architects have designed different permanent structures that will stand for a long period of time. Notwithstanding the preceding, the discourse on what qualifies as landscape architecture and what does not is yet to be settled. This discussion elucidates the process of research through design in landscape architecture, the literature regarding the field, and conducts a case study of specific landscape architecture to elicit applicability of the enumerated concepts. Moreover, the discourse also reveals the research method utilized in the case study and the results as well and discussion.","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42658373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-05DOI: 10.24017/science.2022.1.5
Zahraa M. Klari, Dadvan Hakim Abdulrahman
One of the critical pillars that sustain human civilization is meeting the water demand for different purposes like storage, electricity, flood control and others. In other hand, the mismanagement of water resources and unplanned urbanization denoted as the most obstacles for developing the arid and semi-arid regions. For this, it is important to know the appropriate places to construct such important projects and to evaluate those places if those places are actually suitable for constructing dams or not. In this paper, a hybrid Geographic information system (ArcGIS) decision-making technology powered by fuzzy logic is developed to assess seven small dams' sites in the Zawita district. Some standard criteria were used for evaluation like: Rainfall, Geological formations, Types of soil, Slope, Surface hydrological properties, and drainage density. The result all dams within the Zawita district are located in areas with suitable geological formations. It turns out that there are three finished dams that were built in relatively suitable places, they are: Botiya, Bari bhar, and Bhiri. Finally, As for the unfinished dams, one dam is considered an Unsuitable location according to all the criteria used, which is the Talwa dam and one dam within a relatively suitable location, which is the Eminki dam, while the Bisre dam was one of the appropriate dams that has not been built yet.
{"title":"Hydrological Information related Existed Dam Sites Assessment using ArcGIS in Zawita District","authors":"Zahraa M. Klari, Dadvan Hakim Abdulrahman","doi":"10.24017/science.2022.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2022.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"One of the critical pillars that sustain human civilization is meeting the water demand for different purposes like storage, electricity, flood control and others. In other hand, the mismanagement of water resources and unplanned urbanization denoted as the most obstacles for developing the arid and semi-arid regions. For this, it is important to know the appropriate places to construct such important projects and to evaluate those places if those places are actually suitable for constructing dams or not. In this paper, a hybrid Geographic information system (ArcGIS) decision-making technology powered by fuzzy logic is developed to assess seven small dams' sites in the Zawita district. Some standard criteria were used for evaluation like: Rainfall, Geological formations, Types of soil, Slope, Surface hydrological properties, and drainage density. The result all dams within the Zawita district are located in areas with suitable geological formations. It turns out that there are three finished dams that were built in relatively suitable places, they are: Botiya, Bari bhar, and Bhiri. Finally, As for the unfinished dams, one dam is considered an Unsuitable location according to all the criteria used, which is the Talwa dam and one dam within a relatively suitable location, which is the Eminki dam, while the Bisre dam was one of the appropriate dams that has not been built yet.","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46680264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-25DOI: 10.24017/science.2022.1.4
R. Haji, N. Ahmed, S. Ahmed
It is an observational cross-sectional study, the data collected by convenience sampling method from 33 patients in the Ranya General Hospital and private clinics for follow-up patient’s autoimmune diseases state in the Ranya city from the 10th November 2020 to the 20th May 2021 and the study included all the patients had autoimmune diseases that recovered from the COVID-19 disease. For the study materials, the data was collected by a questionnaire form that included demographic and autoimmune disease questions also questions about the patient’s intensity of their autoimmune disease’s signs and symptoms before and after they recovered from COVID-19. Determine patient’s autoimmune disease signs and symptoms intensity based on the prescribed drug for a treat the autoimmune diseases which are changed by special doctors. Furthermore, the data were analysed by SPSS software to produce descriptive statistic measures and to find the difference between dependent categorical variables Sign tests were used but the Chi-square test was used for the categorical independent variables with regarding 0.05 as a significant critical value. The result reveals that the range of their age started from 42 to 74 years old with mean±standard deviation (57.3 ± 8.06) and most of the cases 15(45.5%) were between (55-65) years old, followed by less than 55 years old 13(39.4%) and more than 65 years old age 5(3.8%) cases respectively. Rheumatoid arthritis was a major type 16 (48.5%) of the autoimmune disease compared to other types, Ankylosing Spondylitis 8(24.2%) cases, and Ulcerative Colitis 6(18.2%) cases respectively while Crohn's disease was the minimum 3(9.1%) cases and before the got COVID-19 most of the cases 25(75.8%) had moderate intensity signs and symptoms of their autoimmune diseases and 8(24.2%) cases had severe signs and symptoms but after they recovered from the COVID-19 disease the rate of their signs and symptoms changed to mild 19(57.6%) and moderate 14(42.4%) intensity while severe intensity signs and symptoms were zero with highly significant differences (P-value 0.0001). Despite the current study concluded autoimmune disease patients recovered from the COVID-19 their autoimmune diseases signs and symptoms intensity decreased significantly but still further studies are needed with a bigger sample size to determine and explain this association.
{"title":"The Effect of COVID-19 on Intensity of Signs and Symptoms of Autoimmune Diseases","authors":"R. Haji, N. Ahmed, S. Ahmed","doi":"10.24017/science.2022.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2022.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"It is an observational cross-sectional study, the data collected by convenience sampling method from 33 patients in the Ranya General Hospital and private clinics for follow-up patient’s autoimmune diseases state in the Ranya city from the 10th November 2020 to the 20th May 2021 and the study included all the patients had autoimmune diseases that recovered from the COVID-19 disease. For the study materials, the data was collected by a questionnaire form that included demographic and autoimmune disease questions also questions about the patient’s intensity of their autoimmune disease’s signs and symptoms before and after they recovered from COVID-19. Determine patient’s autoimmune disease signs and symptoms intensity based on the prescribed drug for a treat the autoimmune diseases which are changed by special doctors. Furthermore, the data were analysed by SPSS software to produce descriptive statistic measures and to find the difference between dependent categorical variables Sign tests were used but the Chi-square test was used for the categorical independent variables with regarding 0.05 as a significant critical value. The result reveals that the range of their age started from 42 to 74 years old with mean±standard deviation (57.3 ± 8.06) and most of the cases 15(45.5%) were between (55-65) years old, followed by less than 55 years old 13(39.4%) and more than 65 years old age 5(3.8%) cases respectively. Rheumatoid arthritis was a major type 16 (48.5%) of the autoimmune disease compared to other types, Ankylosing Spondylitis 8(24.2%) cases, and Ulcerative Colitis 6(18.2%) cases respectively while Crohn's disease was the minimum 3(9.1%) cases and before the got COVID-19 most of the cases 25(75.8%) had moderate intensity signs and symptoms of their autoimmune diseases and 8(24.2%) cases had severe signs and symptoms but after they recovered from the COVID-19 disease the rate of their signs and symptoms changed to mild 19(57.6%) and moderate 14(42.4%) intensity while severe intensity signs and symptoms were zero with highly significant differences (P-value 0.0001). Despite the current study concluded autoimmune disease patients recovered from the COVID-19 their autoimmune diseases signs and symptoms intensity decreased significantly but still further studies are needed with a bigger sample size to determine and explain this association.","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45692752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-23DOI: 10.24017/science.2022.1.3
Shava Shirwan Ibrahim Agha, Sherko Karim Kader Maruf
Within the field of traffic street design, the shared space approach points to create streets from simple traffic frameworks to public spaces, compelling higher interaction between street clients. In this paper we create the essentials for a micro-simulation tool based on the Social force model, to illustrates the movement of street clients in such formats. Working with the observed behavior of clients in a pedestrian-friendly crossing point within the city of Sulaimani a multi-layer organized models is created, in which each layer is assigned to handle different circumstances, from free-flow developments to client intuitive in crowded circumstances. Visibility pie charts and figures estimations are used for planning directions of street clients for the free flow movement
{"title":"The Improving shared space to reduce traffic risk: Analytical Study of Mawlawi Street in Sulaimani, Iraq","authors":"Shava Shirwan Ibrahim Agha, Sherko Karim Kader Maruf","doi":"10.24017/science.2022.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2022.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Within the field of traffic street design, the shared space approach points to create streets from simple traffic frameworks to public spaces, compelling higher interaction between street clients. In this paper we create the essentials for a micro-simulation tool based on the Social force model, to illustrates the movement of street clients in such formats. Working with the observed behavior of clients in a pedestrian-friendly crossing point within the city of Sulaimani a multi-layer organized models is created, in which each layer is assigned to handle different circumstances, from free-flow developments to client intuitive in crowded circumstances. Visibility pie charts and figures estimations are used for planning directions of street clients for the free flow movement","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47329396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-13DOI: 10.24017/science.2022.1.2
S. Q. Mohammed
In recent years, dramatic changed has been made in communication sector. Due to enormous development in communication devices, globally internet-connected network largely used in all human activities. The security of information has been becoming a major concern for all users and clients, whom depend on network system. The cryptography has played significant role to combat these challenges and improve confidentiality, integrity, and authentication of data communication in the network. The Data Encryption Standard (DES) is one of most familiar type of cryptography and widely used in the modern network system, which has been adopted in encryption and decryption a digital information for several decades. The DES is replaced by a number of new cryptographical methods, which based on DES, like AES and 3DES. In the same time some hardware tools have gained a lot of attention and become interested for researchers and academics to design and implement their model proposals with these hardware-based tools. Therefore, this paper, shows the design of a Simplified Data Encryption Standard (S-DES) by using VHDL language. The design is synthesized, compiled and implemented on the FPGA Altera board, which, consists Quartus II software environment, and Altera Cyclone IV 4CX150FPGA device. The S-DES has been successfully implemented with few numbers of logic elements.
近年来，通信行业发生了巨大的变化。由于通信设备的巨大发展，全球互联网连接网络广泛用于人类的所有活动。信息安全已成为所有依赖网络系统的用户和客户所关心的主要问题。密码学在应对这些挑战和提高网络中数据通信的保密性、完整性和身份验证方面发挥了重要作用。数据加密标准DES (Data Encryption Standard, DES)是现代网络系统中应用最为广泛的一种加密技术，几十年来一直被用于数字信息的加解密。DES被许多新的基于DES的加密方法所取代，如AES和3DES。与此同时，一些硬件工具也引起了研究人员和学者的广泛关注，他们对使用这些基于硬件的工具来设计和实现他们的模型建议很感兴趣。因此，本文采用VHDL语言设计了一个简化数据加密标准(S-DES)。本设计是在FPGA Altera板上进行综合、编译和实现的，该板由Quartus II软件环境和Altera Cyclone IV 4CX150FPGA器件组成。S-DES已成功地实现了少量的逻辑元件。
{"title":"A FPGA Implementation of Simplified Data Encryption Standard Using VHDL","authors":"S. Q. Mohammed","doi":"10.24017/science.2022.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2022.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, dramatic changed has been made in communication sector. Due to enormous development in communication devices, globally internet-connected network largely used in all human activities. The security of information has been becoming a major concern for all users and clients, whom depend on network system. The cryptography has played significant role to combat these challenges and improve confidentiality, integrity, and authentication of data communication in the network. The Data Encryption Standard (DES) is one of most familiar type of cryptography and widely used in the modern network system, which has been adopted in encryption and decryption a digital information for several decades. The DES is replaced by a number of new cryptographical methods, which based on DES, like AES and 3DES. In the same time some hardware tools have gained a lot of attention and become interested for researchers and academics to design and implement their model proposals with these hardware-based tools. Therefore, this paper, shows the design of a Simplified Data Encryption Standard (S-DES) by using VHDL language. The design is synthesized, compiled and implemented on the FPGA Altera board, which, consists Quartus II software environment, and Altera Cyclone IV 4CX150FPGA device. The S-DES has been successfully implemented with few numbers of logic elements.","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45977013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-18DOI: 10.24017/science.2022.1.1
Shaxawan Azeez Maulood, M. Mina, S. Ali
The study aims to provide the epidemiological characteristics of the COVID-19 patients who admitted to Shahid Dr Hemin Teaching Hospital in Sulaimani city, Iraq. It is a cross-sectional study, the data were collected by a convenience sampling method in the hospital, which started from 2nd October to 31th of December 2020. The current study included all the patients who admitted to the hospital, which involved 371 patients. The data were collected from patient’s medical record and a direct interview method was used for filling in the questionnaire form. The collected data were analysed by the SPSS program to produce descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation while Chi-square test used to find out the association between variables with considering a p-value ≤ 0.05 as a significant interpretation. The results show that the age of hospitalized COVID-19 patients ranges from 19-95 years old with mean of (63.69±12.73). The age of majority of patients 159 (42.9%) was between 65-79 years old followed by 50-64 years old 124 (33.4%). Male to female ratio was 2:1. Most of the patients were retired 119 (32.1%) in comparison to other occupations and illiterate patients 151(40.7%) were dominance over other patient’s education levels. In addition, majority of patients had hypertension 278(74.9%), diabetes 132 (35.6%) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) 130 (35.0%) and 230 (62.0%) and 141(38.0%) of them were in severe and moderate stage of disease respectively. Also, there was a significant association between the patient’s age group and patients’ outcome while for gender, occupation, and education level, stage of the disease, there were non-significant. The presence of CVD, hypertension and diabetes increase the mortality rate among the patients. In conclusion, age of COVID-19 patient has a great impact on increasing mortality rate and the presence of comorbidities among the patients significantly raise the mortality rate of COVID-19.
该研究旨在提供入住伊拉克苏莱曼尼市Shahid Dr Hemin教学医院的新冠肺炎患者的流行病学特征。这是一项横断面研究，数据是从2020年10月2日至12月31日在医院通过方便抽样方法收集的。目前的研究包括了所有入院的患者，共涉及371名患者。数据收集自患者病历，采用直接访谈法填写调查表。收集的数据通过SPSS程序进行分析，产生频率、百分比、，平均值和标准差，而卡方检验用于找出变量之间的关联，并将p值≤0.05视为一种显著的解释。结果显示，新冠肺炎住院患者的年龄在19-95岁之间，平均为（63.69±12.73）。大多数患者159（42.9%）的年龄在65-79岁之间，其次是50-64岁的124（33.4%）。男女比例为2:1。与其他职业相比，大多数患者为退休患者119人（32.1%），文盲患者151人（40.7%）的受教育程度高于其他患者。此外，大多数患者患有高血压278例（74.9%）、糖尿病132例（35.6%）和心血管疾病130例（35.0%），其中230例（62.0%）和141例（38.0%）分别处于严重和中度疾病阶段。此外，患者的年龄组与患者的预后之间存在显著关联，而对于性别、职业、教育水平、疾病阶段，则没有显著关联。心血管疾病、高血压和糖尿病的存在增加了患者的死亡率。总之，新冠肺炎患者的年龄对死亡率的增加有很大影响，患者中合并症的存在显著提高了新冠肺炎的死亡率。
{"title":"Epidemiological Study of Pandemic COVID-19 and Its Association with Some Chronic Disease in Sulaimani City, Kurdistan Region of Iraq","authors":"Shaxawan Azeez Maulood, M. Mina, S. Ali","doi":"10.24017/science.2022.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2022.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims to provide the epidemiological characteristics of the COVID-19 patients who admitted to Shahid Dr Hemin Teaching Hospital in Sulaimani city, Iraq. It is a cross-sectional study, the data were collected by a convenience sampling method in the hospital, which started from 2nd October to 31th of December 2020. The current study included all the patients who admitted to the hospital, which involved 371 patients. The data were collected from patient’s medical record and a direct interview method was used for filling in the questionnaire form. The collected data were analysed by the SPSS program to produce descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation while Chi-square test used to find out the association between variables with considering a p-value ≤ 0.05 as a significant interpretation. The results show that the age of hospitalized COVID-19 patients ranges from 19-95 years old with mean of (63.69±12.73). The age of majority of patients 159 (42.9%) was between 65-79 years old followed by 50-64 years old 124 (33.4%). Male to female ratio was 2:1. Most of the patients were retired 119 (32.1%) in comparison to other occupations and illiterate patients 151(40.7%) were dominance over other patient’s education levels. In addition, majority of patients had hypertension 278(74.9%), diabetes 132 (35.6%) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) 130 (35.0%) and 230 (62.0%) and 141(38.0%) of them were in severe and moderate stage of disease respectively. Also, there was a significant association between the patient’s age group and patients’ outcome while for gender, occupation, and education level, stage of the disease, there were non-significant. The presence of CVD, hypertension and diabetes increase the mortality rate among the patients. In conclusion, age of COVID-19 patient has a great impact on increasing mortality rate and the presence of comorbidities among the patients significantly raise the mortality rate of COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42995875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-02DOI: 10.24017/science.2021.2.18
Z. H. Ibrahim
ABSTRACT The Aim: To investigate and distinguish the anti-obesity activities of Arum maculatum, Nasturtium officinale plant extracts and exercise against high-fat diet induced obesity at rat model. Methods: Thirty healthy male albino rats were randomly separated into 5 groups (n=6): Normal control (NC), high-fat diet control (HFD-C), Arum maculatum extract (AME), Nasturtium officinale extract (NOE) and exercise. The NC group fed with normal diet (ND) and all other groups a high fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity and hyperlipidemia for 8 weeks. Corresponding treatments were established to the respective groups during study period. Rat body weights (BW) and food intake were obtained weekly. Glucose, Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low, very low and high-density lipoprotein cholesterols (LDL-C, VLDL-C and HDL-C), malondialdehyde (MDA) with aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were estimated in serum at the end of the study. Results: The HFD-C rats were associated with a significant increase (P<0.05) in BW gain with the elevations in serum glucose, lipid profiles (TC, TG, LDL-C &VLDL-C), liver function tests (AST & ALT) and MDA in comparison with NC rats whereas the level of serum HDL-C decreased. Furthermore, treatments of AME, NOE and exercise along with HFD significantly (P<0.05) reduced HFD-induced changes in BW gain and the levels of serum biochemical parameters as compared to rats fed HFD. The most significant effect on reducing weight gain at model rats were recorded by NOE treatment, while the attenuated effects AME on BW gain and AST, exercise on BW gain, TG, VLDL, MDA and AST were not significant (P>0.05). Conclusions: Consumption of HFD for 8 weeks caused HFD-C rats obese, hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic with hepatic cellular injury when compared to the NC rats. AME, NOE and exercise treatments were suppressed the development of obesity as well as attenuated HFD induced changes in serum biochemical parameters of the respective groups when compared to the HFD-C group.
{"title":"Anti-obesity effects of Arum maculatum, Nasturtium officinale plant extracts and exercise in high fat diet-induced obese rats","authors":"Z. H. Ibrahim","doi":"10.24017/science.2021.2.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2021.2.18","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000ABSTRACT \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000The Aim: To investigate and distinguish the anti-obesity activities of Arum maculatum, Nasturtium officinale plant extracts and exercise against high-fat diet induced obesity at rat model. \u0000Methods: Thirty healthy male albino rats were randomly separated into 5 groups (n=6): Normal control (NC), high-fat diet control (HFD-C), Arum maculatum extract (AME), Nasturtium officinale extract (NOE) and exercise. The NC group fed with normal diet (ND) and all other groups a high fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity and hyperlipidemia for 8 weeks. Corresponding treatments were established to the respective groups during study period. Rat body weights (BW) and food intake were obtained weekly. Glucose, Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low, very low and high-density lipoprotein cholesterols (LDL-C, VLDL-C and HDL-C), malondialdehyde (MDA) with aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were estimated in serum at the end of the study. \u0000Results: The HFD-C rats were associated with a significant increase (P<0.05) in BW gain with the elevations in serum glucose, lipid profiles (TC, TG, LDL-C &VLDL-C), liver function tests (AST & ALT) and MDA in comparison with NC rats whereas the level of serum HDL-C decreased. Furthermore, treatments of AME, NOE and exercise along with HFD significantly (P<0.05) reduced HFD-induced changes in BW gain and the levels of serum biochemical parameters as compared to rats fed HFD. The most significant effect on reducing weight gain at model rats were recorded by NOE treatment, while the attenuated effects AME on BW gain and AST, exercise on BW gain, TG, VLDL, MDA and AST were not significant (P>0.05). \u0000Conclusions: Consumption of HFD for 8 weeks caused HFD-C rats obese, hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic with hepatic cellular injury when compared to the NC rats. AME, NOE and exercise treatments were suppressed the development of obesity as well as attenuated HFD induced changes in serum biochemical parameters of the respective groups when compared to the HFD-C group. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43594165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-26DOI: 10.24017/science.2021.2.15
S. Abdullah, T. M. M. Salih, Abdullah A. Hama, S. Ali, H. Hamaamin
Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most challenges that face the world today, and it is heading toward the post-antibiotic era. Traditionally, herbal extracts, medicinal plant oil extracts, and probiotics have been used as an alternative to antibiotics due to bacterial resistance and drug side effects. This work is carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of Nigella sativa oil extracts against common resistant bacteria, including Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The black seed was purchased from the traditional herbal medicine market, Hot extraction of the oil was performed. The bacteria were obtained from a microbiology company and from clinical samples at the Shar hospital in Sulaimani Provence. The bacteria were gram-negative (Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and gram-positive (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus cereus). The agar diffusion well technique and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were used. The black seed oil components were analyzed by the Gas Chromatograph mass spectrum. The results revealed that the oil of Nigella sativa shows a significant effect on Gram-positive bacteria, including MRSA, which is known as a multidrug resistance bacterium. Bacillus subtilis was more sensitive than other strains, and the significant antibacterial effect of the extracted was observed against Escherichia coil, while it has no significant effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enterica. Determination of Nigella sativa oil minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for Gram-positive bacteria is 100 ml for Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, and the MIC was 200 ml and 400 ml for Bacillus cereus and MRSA respectively. This study concludes that oil extract of Nigella sativa is a good natural antimicrobial, it can be used against MRSA and other Gram-positive bacteria.
{"title":"The Antibacterial Property of Nigella sativa (Black seed) Oil Against Gram-positive and Gram-negative Bacteria","authors":"S. Abdullah, T. M. M. Salih, Abdullah A. Hama, S. Ali, H. Hamaamin","doi":"10.24017/science.2021.2.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2021.2.15","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most challenges that face the world today, and it is heading toward the post-antibiotic era. Traditionally, herbal extracts, medicinal plant oil extracts, and probiotics have been used as an alternative to antibiotics due to bacterial resistance and drug side effects. This work is carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of Nigella sativa oil extracts against common resistant bacteria, including Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The black seed was purchased from the traditional herbal medicine market, Hot extraction of the oil was performed. The bacteria were obtained from a microbiology company and from clinical samples at the Shar hospital in Sulaimani Provence. The bacteria were gram-negative (Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and gram-positive (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus cereus). The agar diffusion well technique and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were used. The black seed oil components were analyzed by the Gas Chromatograph mass spectrum. The results revealed that the oil of Nigella sativa shows a significant effect on Gram-positive bacteria, including MRSA, which is known as a multidrug resistance bacterium. Bacillus subtilis was more sensitive than other strains, and the significant antibacterial effect of the extracted was observed against Escherichia coil, while it has no significant effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enterica. Determination of Nigella sativa oil minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for Gram-positive bacteria is 100 ml for Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, and the MIC was 200 ml and 400 ml for Bacillus cereus and MRSA respectively. This study concludes that oil extract of Nigella sativa is a good natural antimicrobial, it can be used against MRSA and other Gram-positive bacteria.","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48896729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-26DOI: 10.24017/science.2021.2.16
Sarkawt Rostam Hassan
High-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes are recently used in the water distribution network in Kurdistan to replace the old pipes. In this investigation, two types of HDPE pipes (namely A and B) available in the local market have been studied and their properties were compared. Mechanical properties through tensile tests have been investigated and valuable data were collected that could provide a guideline reference for the designers and end-users utilizing these pipes for water supply networks. Furthermore, the HDPE samples were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results showed that the ultimate tensile strength recorded for pipe B was greater than pipe A by 8%. Besides, both the elongation at break and strain at break for pipe A was outperformed by almost 6%. On the other hand, the tests showed that the transition from elasticity behavior to ductility behavior for pipe B occurs earlier in comparison to pipe A. It was noted from the gathered information that the two tested pipes were within the standards with variations in their characteristics.
{"title":"Investigation of the Properties of High-Density Polyethylene Pipes used in Kurdistan for Piping System of Potable Water","authors":"Sarkawt Rostam Hassan","doi":"10.24017/science.2021.2.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2021.2.16","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000High-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes are recently used in the water distribution network in Kurdistan to replace the old pipes. In this investigation, two types of HDPE pipes (namely A and B) available in the local market have been studied and their properties were compared. Mechanical properties through tensile tests have been investigated and valuable data were collected that could provide a guideline reference for the designers and end-users utilizing these pipes for water supply networks. Furthermore, the HDPE samples were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results showed that the ultimate tensile strength recorded for pipe B was greater than pipe A by 8%. Besides, both the elongation at break and strain at break for pipe A was outperformed by almost 6%. On the other hand, the tests showed that the transition from elasticity behavior to ductility behavior for pipe B occurs earlier in comparison to pipe A. It was noted from the gathered information that the two tested pipes were within the standards with variations in their characteristics. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42841590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-26DOI: 10.24017/science.2021.2.17
O. Shareef, Othman A. Mohammed, Dashty Aziz Ghafor, A. Ali, H. R. Baqi, Ali A. Ali, A. Faraj, Syamand A. Qadir, Ali Muhi Aldeen Omar Aljabary
The new highly transmitted pathogenic viral infection started from Wuhan, China at the end of 2019. The World Health Organization publicized that it is phylogenetically belonging to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), introduced as COVID-19 pandemic disease, and spread around the world. The first confirmed case in Kurdistan region was on 1st of March, 2020. While the first COVID-19 case in Halabja province/Kurdistan region was recorded on 27th of March, 2020. This study was designed, when the Wafa Hospital constructed in Halabja/Kurdistan region for infected patients. The data were collected from 14th April to the end of December, 2020 and included name and age of the infected persons. Samples were obtained nasopharyngeal using a sterilized swab following WHO guidelines and then the real time PCR (RT-PCR) machine was used for analysis. This study was particularly representing the impact of COVID-19 on suspected person. It was focused on the susceptibility of suspected cases in Halabja province, according to ages and sexes. During the study, 5183 cases were tested, 2796 (54%) cases were confirmed as positive result and 2387 (46%) cases were negative, including all ages, males and females. Confirmed male cases among 3116 cases were 1646 (60.1%), and 1150 (39.9%) positive cases recorded among 2067 female tests. In addition, the ages of the tested cases were divided into 10 sub-groups (0-9) years old to (90-99) years old, subsequently. The result of this study for both sexes, revealed that, the most confirmed cases among (30-39) years group and (40-49) years group were (1521) and (1223) confirmed positive cases. The lowest cases were among over 80 years old and below 9 years old (10, 3) confirmed cases. Besides, the confirmed cases for other age groups for both sexes were (50-59) years old was 397, (60-69) years old was 205, (70-79) was 77. Finally, the data showed that, the common confirmed cases were among groups 20-59 years old and the rare cases were under 9 and over 80 years.
{"title":"The epidemiological characteristics coronavirus disease (covid-19) in Halabja province/Kurdistan -Iraq","authors":"O. Shareef, Othman A. Mohammed, Dashty Aziz Ghafor, A. Ali, H. R. Baqi, Ali A. Ali, A. Faraj, Syamand A. Qadir, Ali Muhi Aldeen Omar Aljabary","doi":"10.24017/science.2021.2.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2021.2.17","url":null,"abstract":"The new highly transmitted pathogenic viral infection started from Wuhan, China at the end of 2019. The World Health Organization publicized that it is phylogenetically belonging to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), introduced as COVID-19 pandemic disease, and spread around the world. The first confirmed case in Kurdistan region was on 1st of March, 2020. While the first COVID-19 case in Halabja province/Kurdistan region was recorded on 27th of March, 2020. This study was designed, when the Wafa Hospital constructed in Halabja/Kurdistan region for infected patients. The data were collected from 14th April to the end of December, 2020 and included name and age of the infected persons. Samples were obtained nasopharyngeal using a sterilized swab following WHO guidelines and then the real time PCR (RT-PCR) machine was used for analysis. This study was particularly representing the impact of COVID-19 on suspected person. It was focused on the susceptibility of suspected cases in Halabja province, according to ages and sexes. During the study, 5183 cases were tested, 2796 (54%) cases were confirmed as positive result and 2387 (46%) cases were negative, including all ages, males and females. Confirmed male cases among 3116 cases were 1646 (60.1%), and 1150 (39.9%) positive cases recorded among 2067 female tests. In addition, the ages of the tested cases were divided into 10 sub-groups (0-9) years old to (90-99) years old, subsequently. The result of this study for both sexes, revealed that, the most confirmed cases among (30-39) years group and (40-49) years group were (1521) and (1223) confirmed positive cases. The lowest cases were among over 80 years old and below 9 years old (10, 3) confirmed cases. Besides, the confirmed cases for other age groups for both sexes were (50-59) years old was 397, (60-69) years old was 205, (70-79) was 77. Finally, the data showed that, the common confirmed cases were among groups 20-59 years old and the rare cases were under 9 and over 80 years.","PeriodicalId":17866,"journal":{"name":"Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42962307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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