Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.5338/kjea.2022.41.2.15
Yeongyeong Kang, Denver I. Walitang, S. Seshadri, Wansik Shin, T. Sa
BACKGROUND: Methane is a major greenhouse gas at-tributed to global warming partly contributed by agricultural activities from ruminant fermentation and rice paddy fields. Methanotrophs are microorganisms that utilize methane. Their unique metabolic lifestyle is enabled by enzymes known as methane monooxygenases (MMOs) catalyzing the oxidation of methane to methanol. Rice ab-sorbs, transports, and releases methane directly from soil water to its stems and the micropores and stomata of the plant epidermis. Methylobacterium species associated with rice are dependent on their host for metabolic substrates including methane. METHODS AND RESULTS: Methylobacterium spp. isolated from rice were evaluated for methane oxidation activities and screened for the presence of sMMO mmoC genes. Qualitatively, the soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO) activities of the selected strains of Methylobacterium spp. were confirmed by the naphthalene oxidation assay. Quantitatively, the sMMO activity ranged from 41.3 to 159.4 nmol min - -1 mg of protein -1 . PCR-based amplification and sequencing confirmed the presence and identity of 314 bp size fragment of the mmoC gene showing over 97% similarity to the CBMB27 mmoC gene indicating that Methylobacterium strains belong to a similar group. CONCLUSION(S): Selected Methylobacterium spp. contained the sMMO mmoC gene and possessed methane oxidation activity. As the putative methane oxidizing strains were isolated from rice and have PGP properties, they could be used to simultaneously reduce paddy field methane emission and promote rice growth.
{"title":"Methane Oxidation Potentials of Rice-associated Plant Growth Promoting Methylobacterium Species","authors":"Yeongyeong Kang, Denver I. Walitang, S. Seshadri, Wansik Shin, T. Sa","doi":"10.5338/kjea.2022.41.2.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5338/kjea.2022.41.2.15","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Methane is a major greenhouse gas at-tributed to global warming partly contributed by agricultural activities from ruminant fermentation and rice paddy fields. Methanotrophs are microorganisms that utilize methane. Their unique metabolic lifestyle is enabled by enzymes known as methane monooxygenases (MMOs) catalyzing the oxidation of methane to methanol. Rice ab-sorbs, transports, and releases methane directly from soil water to its stems and the micropores and stomata of the plant epidermis. Methylobacterium species associated with rice are dependent on their host for metabolic substrates including methane. METHODS AND RESULTS: Methylobacterium spp. isolated from rice were evaluated for methane oxidation activities and screened for the presence of sMMO mmoC genes. Qualitatively, the soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO) activities of the selected strains of Methylobacterium spp. were confirmed by the naphthalene oxidation assay. Quantitatively, the sMMO activity ranged from 41.3 to 159.4 nmol min - -1 mg of protein -1 . PCR-based amplification and sequencing confirmed the presence and identity of 314 bp size fragment of the mmoC gene showing over 97% similarity to the CBMB27 mmoC gene indicating that Methylobacterium strains belong to a similar group. CONCLUSION(S): Selected Methylobacterium spp. contained the sMMO mmoC gene and possessed methane oxidation activity. As the putative methane oxidizing strains were isolated from rice and have PGP properties, they could be used to simultaneously reduce paddy field methane emission and promote rice growth.","PeriodicalId":17872,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91165080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.5338/kjea.2022.41.2.11
S. Gu, Su Jung Lee, Hyesoo Shin, Sung Eun Kang, Y. Chung, Jung Mi Lee, Yong-hyun Jung, Guiim Moon
BACKGROUND: Spiropidion and its metabolite are tetramic acid insecticide and require the establishment of an official analysis method for the safety management be-cause they are newly registered in Korea. Therefore, this study was to determine the analysis method of residual spiropidion and its metabolite for the five representative agricultural products. METHODS AND RESULTS: Three QuEChERS methods (original, AOAC, and EN method) were applied to optimize the extraction method, and the EN method was finally selected by comparing the recovery test and matrix effect results. Various adsorbent agents were applied to establish the clean up method. As a result, the recovery of spiropidion was reduced when using the dispersive-SPE method with MgSO 4 , primary secondary amine (PSA), graphitized carbon black (GCB) and octadecyl (C 18 ) in soybean. Color interference was minimized by selecting the case including GCB and C 18 in addition to MgSO 4 . This method was established as the final analysis method. LC-MS/MS was used for the analysis by considering the selectivity and sensitivity of the target pesticide and the analysis was performed in MRM mode. The results of the recovery test using the established analysis method and inter laboratory validation showed a valid range of 79.4-108.4%, with relative standard deviation and coefficient of variation were less than 7.2% and 14.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION(S): Spiropidion and its metabolite could be analyzed with a modified QuEChERS method, and the established method would be widely available to ensure the safety of residual insecticides in Korea.
{"title":"Determination and Validation of an Analytical Method for Spiropidion and Its Metabolite Spiropidion-enol (SYN547305) in Agricultural Products with LC-MS/MS","authors":"S. Gu, Su Jung Lee, Hyesoo Shin, Sung Eun Kang, Y. Chung, Jung Mi Lee, Yong-hyun Jung, Guiim Moon","doi":"10.5338/kjea.2022.41.2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5338/kjea.2022.41.2.11","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Spiropidion and its metabolite are tetramic acid insecticide and require the establishment of an official analysis method for the safety management be-cause they are newly registered in Korea. Therefore, this study was to determine the analysis method of residual spiropidion and its metabolite for the five representative agricultural products. METHODS AND RESULTS: Three QuEChERS methods (original, AOAC, and EN method) were applied to optimize the extraction method, and the EN method was finally selected by comparing the recovery test and matrix effect results. Various adsorbent agents were applied to establish the clean up method. As a result, the recovery of spiropidion was reduced when using the dispersive-SPE method with MgSO 4 , primary secondary amine (PSA), graphitized carbon black (GCB) and octadecyl (C 18 ) in soybean. Color interference was minimized by selecting the case including GCB and C 18 in addition to MgSO 4 . This method was established as the final analysis method. LC-MS/MS was used for the analysis by considering the selectivity and sensitivity of the target pesticide and the analysis was performed in MRM mode. The results of the recovery test using the established analysis method and inter laboratory validation showed a valid range of 79.4-108.4%, with relative standard deviation and coefficient of variation were less than 7.2% and 14.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION(S): Spiropidion and its metabolite could be analyzed with a modified QuEChERS method, and the established method would be widely available to ensure the safety of residual insecticides in Korea.","PeriodicalId":17872,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87592881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.5338/kjea.2022.41.2.16
Jung-Hun Sun, Kyu-Won Hwang, K. Jeong, T. Lee, Hyun-Jin Kim, Sang-Jeong Park, J. Moon
BACKGROUND: It is a very important task to block dis-tribution of the agricultural products contaminated with pesticides in advance to protect consumers from residual pesticides among the agricultural products. Therefore, this study was performed to determine residual characteristics of pesticides in time-dependent manner and present scientific evidences for pre-harvest residue limit (PHRL) setting. METHODS AND RESULTS: The tested pesticides, chromafenozide and pyridalyl were sprayed onto the kale twice (seven day intervals) and then the plant samples were collected at 0 (after 3 hours), 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 10 days after the last spraying. Residual concentration of chromafenozide in kale decreased with 74.9% (of decreased frac-tion, field 1) and 85.3% (field 2) and pyridalyl decreased with 81.2% (field 1) and 85.8% (field 2), calculated by comparisons of the concentrations at 0 day and 10 days. Also biological half-lives of chromafenozide in kale were 5.6 day (field 1) and 3.4 day (field 2), and those of pyridalyl were 4.3 day (field 1) and 3.5 day (field 2). CONCLUSION(S): If the residues of chromafenozide and pyridalyl in kale from 10 days before harvest are less than 37.6 mg/kg and 58.9 mg/kg, respectively, it is expected that safe kale below MRL can be supplied on the pre-harvest day.
{"title":"The Residual Characteristic of Chromafenozide and Pyridalyl in Kale","authors":"Jung-Hun Sun, Kyu-Won Hwang, K. Jeong, T. Lee, Hyun-Jin Kim, Sang-Jeong Park, J. Moon","doi":"10.5338/kjea.2022.41.2.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5338/kjea.2022.41.2.16","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: It is a very important task to block dis-tribution of the agricultural products contaminated with pesticides in advance to protect consumers from residual pesticides among the agricultural products. Therefore, this study was performed to determine residual characteristics of pesticides in time-dependent manner and present scientific evidences for pre-harvest residue limit (PHRL) setting. METHODS AND RESULTS: The tested pesticides, chromafenozide and pyridalyl were sprayed onto the kale twice (seven day intervals) and then the plant samples were collected at 0 (after 3 hours), 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 10 days after the last spraying. Residual concentration of chromafenozide in kale decreased with 74.9% (of decreased frac-tion, field 1) and 85.3% (field 2) and pyridalyl decreased with 81.2% (field 1) and 85.8% (field 2), calculated by comparisons of the concentrations at 0 day and 10 days. Also biological half-lives of chromafenozide in kale were 5.6 day (field 1) and 3.4 day (field 2), and those of pyridalyl were 4.3 day (field 1) and 3.5 day (field 2). CONCLUSION(S): If the residues of chromafenozide and pyridalyl in kale from 10 days before harvest are less than 37.6 mg/kg and 58.9 mg/kg, respectively, it is expected that safe kale below MRL can be supplied on the pre-harvest day.","PeriodicalId":17872,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86460184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: Rice production by the current standard cultivation method is predicted to decrease due to global warming. It seems that there has been a strong warming trend in Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do. This study attempted to understand the climate change in Hwaseongsi, Gyeonggi-do and to analyze the effect of climate change on rice production. METHODS AND RESULTS: The statistical and physicochemical analyses were performed using the rice cultivar ‘Chucheongbyeo’ yields grown at the rice paddy field plot in the Gyeonggi-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services and the weather data measured in near the rice paddy plot. CONCLUSION(S): There was no significant difference between the average rice yields per area in 2000s (2001~ 2010) and 2010s (2011~2020), but the rice yield variability was greater in 2010s than in 2000s. The mean, minimum, maximum temperature, and the sunshine hours were evaluated for the correlation with the rice yield. The understanding of climate change in Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do and the major weather factors affecting changes in rice yield, presented in this study, would enhance scientific understanding of regional climate change, and improve rice cultivation management.
{"title":"Climate Change and Rice Yield in Hwaseong-si Gyeonggi-do over the Past 20 Years (2001~2020)","authors":"Okjung Ju, Byoung-rourl Choi, 은규 장, Ho-Sob Soh, Sang-Woo Lee, Young-Soon Lee","doi":"10.5338/kjea.2022.41.1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5338/kjea.2022.41.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Rice production by the current standard cultivation method is predicted to decrease due to global warming. It seems that there has been a strong warming trend in Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do. This study attempted to understand the climate change in Hwaseongsi, Gyeonggi-do and to analyze the effect of climate change on rice production. METHODS AND RESULTS: The statistical and physicochemical analyses were performed using the rice cultivar ‘Chucheongbyeo’ yields grown at the rice paddy field plot in the Gyeonggi-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services and the weather data measured in near the rice paddy plot. CONCLUSION(S): There was no significant difference between the average rice yields per area in 2000s (2001~ 2010) and 2010s (2011~2020), but the rice yield variability was greater in 2010s than in 2000s. The mean, minimum, maximum temperature, and the sunshine hours were evaluated for the correlation with the rice yield. The understanding of climate change in Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do and the major weather factors affecting changes in rice yield, presented in this study, would enhance scientific understanding of regional climate change, and improve rice cultivation management.","PeriodicalId":17872,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80976068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.5338/kjea.2022.41.1.07
Hae-Seon Kim, Nyun-Ho Park, H. Suk, S. You, J. Woo
BACKGROUND: Phyllospadix japonica Makino is a perennial plant belonging to the family Zosteraceae. This species is native to the eastern coast of the Korean Peninsula, and it is found attached to rocks on the seashore. As with all seagrass species, P. japonica is also known to play a major role in protecting the marine envi-ronment, and studies on its physiological activities sug-gestive of its antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-in-flammatory potentials have been reported. In this study, purification and structural analysis were performed to identify the polyphenol substances derived from P. japonica. METHODS AND RESULTS: An polyphenol substance MP-1 was purified from the 70% aqueous methanol ex-tract of P. japonica using Diaion® HP-20 column chromatography, ODS column chromatography, and medium-pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC). The purified MP-1 was identified as rosmarinic acid having a molecular weight of 360 and a molecular formula of C 18 H 16 O 8 through electrospray ionization (ESI)-mass and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analysis. CONCLUSION(S): This study highlights the processes used for the identification of the polyphenol substance derived from P. japonica . Rosmarinic acid, the polyphenol derived from P. japonica identified by this study, is a kind of bioactive substance mainly present in plants. These findings provide an important starting point and are val-uable for future studies on bioactive substances in seagrass.
{"title":"Identification of Polyphenol Substances (MP-1) from Seagrass, Phyllospadix Japonica Makino","authors":"Hae-Seon Kim, Nyun-Ho Park, H. Suk, S. You, J. Woo","doi":"10.5338/kjea.2022.41.1.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5338/kjea.2022.41.1.07","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Phyllospadix japonica Makino is a perennial plant belonging to the family Zosteraceae. This species is native to the eastern coast of the Korean Peninsula, and it is found attached to rocks on the seashore. As with all seagrass species, P. japonica is also known to play a major role in protecting the marine envi-ronment, and studies on its physiological activities sug-gestive of its antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-in-flammatory potentials have been reported. In this study, purification and structural analysis were performed to identify the polyphenol substances derived from P. japonica. METHODS AND RESULTS: An polyphenol substance MP-1 was purified from the 70% aqueous methanol ex-tract of P. japonica using Diaion® HP-20 column chromatography, ODS column chromatography, and medium-pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC). The purified MP-1 was identified as rosmarinic acid having a molecular weight of 360 and a molecular formula of C 18 H 16 O 8 through electrospray ionization (ESI)-mass and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analysis. CONCLUSION(S): This study highlights the processes used for the identification of the polyphenol substance derived from P. japonica . Rosmarinic acid, the polyphenol derived from P. japonica identified by this study, is a kind of bioactive substance mainly present in plants. These findings provide an important starting point and are val-uable for future studies on bioactive substances in seagrass.","PeriodicalId":17872,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77487282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.5338/kjea.2022.41.1.05
Okjung Ju, Ho-Sob Soh, Sang-Woo Lee, Young-Soon Lee
BACKGROUND: Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) has been proposed for sustainable agriculture and food security in an agricultural ecosystem disturbed by climate change. However, scientific approaches to local agricultural ecosystems to realize CSA are rare. This study attempted to evaluate the weather condition, rice production, and greenhouse gas emissions from the rice cultivation in Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do to fulfill CSA of the rice cultivation. METHODS AND RESULTS: Over the past 3 years (2017~2019), Chucheong rice cultivar yield and methane emissions were analyzed from the rice field plot (37°13′ 15′′N, 127° 02′22′′E) in the Gyeonggi-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services located in Gisan-dong, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do. Methane samples were collected from three automated closed chambers installed in the plot. The weather data measured through automatic weather station located in near the plot were analyzed. CONCLUSION(S): The rice productivity was found to vary with weather environment in the agricultural ecosystem. And methane emissions are high in a favorable weather condition for rice growth. Therefore, it is necessary to minimize the trade-off between the greenhouse gas emission target for climate change mitigation and productivity improvement for CSA in a local rice cultivation.
{"title":"Climate-Smart Agriculture(CSA)-Based Assessment of a Local Rice Cultivation in Hwaseong-city, Gyeonggi-do","authors":"Okjung Ju, Ho-Sob Soh, Sang-Woo Lee, Young-Soon Lee","doi":"10.5338/kjea.2022.41.1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5338/kjea.2022.41.1.05","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) has been proposed for sustainable agriculture and food security in an agricultural ecosystem disturbed by climate change. However, scientific approaches to local agricultural ecosystems to realize CSA are rare. This study attempted to evaluate the weather condition, rice production, and greenhouse gas emissions from the rice cultivation in Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do to fulfill CSA of the rice cultivation. METHODS AND RESULTS: Over the past 3 years (2017~2019), Chucheong rice cultivar yield and methane emissions were analyzed from the rice field plot (37°13′ 15′′N, 127° 02′22′′E) in the Gyeonggi-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services located in Gisan-dong, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do. Methane samples were collected from three automated closed chambers installed in the plot. The weather data measured through automatic weather station located in near the plot were analyzed. CONCLUSION(S): The rice productivity was found to vary with weather environment in the agricultural ecosystem. And methane emissions are high in a favorable weather condition for rice growth. Therefore, it is necessary to minimize the trade-off between the greenhouse gas emission target for climate change mitigation and productivity improvement for CSA in a local rice cultivation.","PeriodicalId":17872,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91300174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.5338/kjea.2022.41.1.01
Ji Hyun Yoon, D. Lim, Seon Wook Kim, I. Kim
BACKGROUND: The pesticide residue in rotational crop is one of the main concerns to agricultural products because it has the potentiality of violating positive list system (PLS). Thus, the crops used for the rotational cultivation should be considered the pesticide residue patterns to meet the PLS guideline. In this study, we evaluated the residue patterns of fungicide azoxystrobin in radish based on plant back interval (PBI) experiment. METHODS AND RESULTS: Azoxystrobin was treated onto greenhouse soil at 217 g a.i./10a in two different regions. Radishes were sown onto the soil 30 and 60 days after azoxystrobin treatment. The soil and plant samples were subjected to a modified QuEChERS method and LC/MS/ MS analyses to determine the residues of azoxystrobin. The methods were validated to meet the guidelines of the pesticide residue analysis recommended by the Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea. Azoxystrobin was dissipated significantly in soil during the experimental period and found as a level less than 0.01 mg/kg in radish 30 and 60 days after treatment. Azoxystrobin residues in radish samples were lower than the maximum residue limit (MRL) for root vegetables. CONCLUSION(S): This study suggests 30 days as a PBI for rotational cultivation of radish in greenhouse soil that had been treated with azoxystrobin at a level of 217 g a.i./10a.
背景:轮作作物中农药残留问题是农产品安全领域关注的主要问题之一，存在违反正面清单制度(PLS)的可能。因此，轮作作物应考虑农药残留模式，以满足PLS准则。本研究以植物背期(PBI)试验为基础，对杀菌剂嘧菌酯在萝卜中的残留规律进行了评价。方法与结果:以217 g a.i./10a在2个不同地区的温室土壤上施用氮嘧菌酯。在氮嘧菌酯处理30和60天后，将萝卜播种到土壤中。采用改良的QuEChERS法和LC/MS/ MS法测定土壤和植物样品中偶氮嘧菌酯的残留量。验证方法符合韩国农村振兴厅推荐的农药残留分析指南。氮嘧菌酯在试验期内在土壤中的耗散显著，处理后30和60 d萝卜体内氮嘧菌酯含量均低于0.01 mg/kg。萝卜样品中偶氮嘧菌酯残留量低于根茎类蔬菜的最大残留限量。结论(S):本研究建议在217 g a.i./10a氮唑菌酯处理的温室土壤中轮作萝卜30 d为PBI。
{"title":"Evaluation of Residues of Fungicide Azoxystrobin in Radish based on Plant Back Interval Experiment","authors":"Ji Hyun Yoon, D. Lim, Seon Wook Kim, I. Kim","doi":"10.5338/kjea.2022.41.1.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5338/kjea.2022.41.1.01","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The pesticide residue in rotational crop is one of the main concerns to agricultural products because it has the potentiality of violating positive list system (PLS). Thus, the crops used for the rotational cultivation should be considered the pesticide residue patterns to meet the PLS guideline. In this study, we evaluated the residue patterns of fungicide azoxystrobin in radish based on plant back interval (PBI) experiment. METHODS AND RESULTS: Azoxystrobin was treated onto greenhouse soil at 217 g a.i./10a in two different regions. Radishes were sown onto the soil 30 and 60 days after azoxystrobin treatment. The soil and plant samples were subjected to a modified QuEChERS method and LC/MS/ MS analyses to determine the residues of azoxystrobin. The methods were validated to meet the guidelines of the pesticide residue analysis recommended by the Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea. Azoxystrobin was dissipated significantly in soil during the experimental period and found as a level less than 0.01 mg/kg in radish 30 and 60 days after treatment. Azoxystrobin residues in radish samples were lower than the maximum residue limit (MRL) for root vegetables. CONCLUSION(S): This study suggests 30 days as a PBI for rotational cultivation of radish in greenhouse soil that had been treated with azoxystrobin at a level of 217 g a.i./10a.","PeriodicalId":17872,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80526773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.5338/kjea.2022.41.1.02
Jong Cheol Lee, M. Kang, Gyu Hyuk Choi, Sehee Oh, Dong Jin Kim, Sang Soo Lee
BACKGROUND: Heavy metals discharged from various sources contaminate the soil and water and the residuals can persistently be accumulated. In this study, the concentration of soil heavy metals was assessed over the whole regions of Korea based on the contamination factor and the geoaccumulation index. METHODS AND RESULTS: The data of averaged concentrations of heavy metals and fluorine were collected from the Korean Statistical Information Service (KOSIS) and the research papers published. In order to classify the levels of heavy metal concentration, the contamination index, including the contamination factor and the geoaccumulation index, based on the relative ratio of the actual concentration of heavy metals in the soil to the background concentration was calculated. In addition, the distribution of heavy metals in soils was visualized by using the geographic information system (GIS). As a result, the Cd contamination in the soils was the most concerned. CONCLUSION(S): This study very roughly indicated the outline of heavy metal concentration over the whole regions of Korea. The change in heavy metals’ concentration over the time should further be monitored and the larger data of heavy metal contamination are needed for better understanding in the future.
{"title":"Assessment of Soil Pollutant Distribution Characteristics and Heavy Metal Pollution in Korea","authors":"Jong Cheol Lee, M. Kang, Gyu Hyuk Choi, Sehee Oh, Dong Jin Kim, Sang Soo Lee","doi":"10.5338/kjea.2022.41.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5338/kjea.2022.41.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Heavy metals discharged from various sources contaminate the soil and water and the residuals can persistently be accumulated. In this study, the concentration of soil heavy metals was assessed over the whole regions of Korea based on the contamination factor and the geoaccumulation index. METHODS AND RESULTS: The data of averaged concentrations of heavy metals and fluorine were collected from the Korean Statistical Information Service (KOSIS) and the research papers published. In order to classify the levels of heavy metal concentration, the contamination index, including the contamination factor and the geoaccumulation index, based on the relative ratio of the actual concentration of heavy metals in the soil to the background concentration was calculated. In addition, the distribution of heavy metals in soils was visualized by using the geographic information system (GIS). As a result, the Cd contamination in the soils was the most concerned. CONCLUSION(S): This study very roughly indicated the outline of heavy metal concentration over the whole regions of Korea. The change in heavy metals’ concentration over the time should further be monitored and the larger data of heavy metal contamination are needed for better understanding in the future.","PeriodicalId":17872,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74290676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.5338/kjea.2022.41.1.04
Jun-Suk Rho, Jae-Hoon Lee, Su-Lim Lee, Jong-Hwan Park, D. Seo
BACKGROUND: The most common litter materials used in South Korea are sawdust, rice husk, etc. Recently, the cost of litter has been steadily rising, and the maturity test has been strengthened. For this reason, new litter materials are needed for better water control ability to solve the problems. The object of this study was to evaluate the water absorption properties for litter materials. METHODS AND RESULTS: The volumetric water capacity according to the addition of cow manure was investigated to calculate the water absorption speed of litter materials (sawdust, peatmoss, cocopeat, and biochar). The water absorption speed constant (-K) in the first stage was high in the order of cocopeat (0.1190), sawdust (0.0961), biochar (0.0762), and peatmoss (0.0523). The optimal period of the litter use was in the following order: peatmoss (48d), biochar (42d), sawdust (30d), and cocopeat (24d). The water absorption rate (%) of the used litters was high in the order of biochar ≈ cocopeat, sawdust, and peatmoss, which was significantly correlated with the water absorption speed of the first stage. CONCLUSION(S): Considering the water absorption speed and water absorption rate, biochar and peatmoss were found to be the best and optimal litter materials among the tested materials. These litter materials can be used as water control agents in livestock facilities.
{"title":"Evaluation of Water Absorption Speed for Litter Materials to Improve the Water Control Ability of Livestock Litter","authors":"Jun-Suk Rho, Jae-Hoon Lee, Su-Lim Lee, Jong-Hwan Park, D. Seo","doi":"10.5338/kjea.2022.41.1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5338/kjea.2022.41.1.04","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The most common litter materials used in South Korea are sawdust, rice husk, etc. Recently, the cost of litter has been steadily rising, and the maturity test has been strengthened. For this reason, new litter materials are needed for better water control ability to solve the problems. The object of this study was to evaluate the water absorption properties for litter materials. METHODS AND RESULTS: The volumetric water capacity according to the addition of cow manure was investigated to calculate the water absorption speed of litter materials (sawdust, peatmoss, cocopeat, and biochar). The water absorption speed constant (-K) in the first stage was high in the order of cocopeat (0.1190), sawdust (0.0961), biochar (0.0762), and peatmoss (0.0523). The optimal period of the litter use was in the following order: peatmoss (48d), biochar (42d), sawdust (30d), and cocopeat (24d). The water absorption rate (%) of the used litters was high in the order of biochar ≈ cocopeat, sawdust, and peatmoss, which was significantly correlated with the water absorption speed of the first stage. CONCLUSION(S): Considering the water absorption speed and water absorption rate, biochar and peatmoss were found to be the best and optimal litter materials among the tested materials. These litter materials can be used as water control agents in livestock facilities.","PeriodicalId":17872,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81609193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.5338/kjea.2022.41.1.09
Yun-Jae Yi, Soo-In Kim, U. Ahn, Keun-chul Lee, Mi-Kyung Lee, Jung-Sook Lee, Dae-Shin Kim, Jong-Shik Kim
BACKGROUND: The Geomunoreum Lava Tube System (GLTS) is both vast and culturally valuable. The Jeju Volcanic Island and Lava Tubes, which are partly composed of the GLTS, have been declared as a United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Site. Exploration of the caves is strictly regulated to conserve these vulnerable environments. Photographs provide limited information and do not describe the entire environment compre-hensively. Therefore, we created several illustrations of the lava tubes to display their environmental features. METHODS AND RESULTS: We explored six lava caves (upstream and downstream) in the GLTS and photo-graphed their geological features and yellow walls, the colors of which are influenced by microbial mats. We compared the hex codes of the wall colors using the Clip Studio v1.10.5 software and created illustrations that accurately represent the scale and features of the caves. CONCLUSION(S): Upstream and downstream caves of the GLTS differ in scale and volcanic features. We illustrated various characteristics of the caves including lava cave features, vegetation, and microbial mats. We also described the internal and external cave environments.
背景:Geomunoreum熔岩管系统(GLTS)既巨大又具有文化价值。部分由GLTS组成的济州火山岛和熔岩管已被宣布为联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)世界文化遗产。为了保护这些脆弱的环境，对洞穴的探索受到严格的管制。照片提供的信息有限，不能全面地描述整个环境。因此，我们制作了几个熔岩管的插图来展示它们的环境特征。方法与结果:我们对GLTS的6个熔岩洞(上游和下游)进行了探索，并拍摄了它们的地质特征和受微生物席影响的黄色墙壁。我们使用Clip Studio v1.10.5软件比较了墙壁颜色的十六进制代码，并创建了准确代表洞穴规模和特征的插图。结论(5):GLTS上下游洞穴在规模和火山特征上存在差异。我们展示了洞穴的各种特征，包括熔岩洞特征、植被和微生物垫。我们还描述了洞穴的内部和外部环境。
{"title":"Hex Code-based Geological Cross-sections Describing Landscape Dynamics in the Jeju Geomunoreum Lava Tube System","authors":"Yun-Jae Yi, Soo-In Kim, U. Ahn, Keun-chul Lee, Mi-Kyung Lee, Jung-Sook Lee, Dae-Shin Kim, Jong-Shik Kim","doi":"10.5338/kjea.2022.41.1.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5338/kjea.2022.41.1.09","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The Geomunoreum Lava Tube System (GLTS) is both vast and culturally valuable. The Jeju Volcanic Island and Lava Tubes, which are partly composed of the GLTS, have been declared as a United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Site. Exploration of the caves is strictly regulated to conserve these vulnerable environments. Photographs provide limited information and do not describe the entire environment compre-hensively. Therefore, we created several illustrations of the lava tubes to display their environmental features. METHODS AND RESULTS: We explored six lava caves (upstream and downstream) in the GLTS and photo-graphed their geological features and yellow walls, the colors of which are influenced by microbial mats. We compared the hex codes of the wall colors using the Clip Studio v1.10.5 software and created illustrations that accurately represent the scale and features of the caves. CONCLUSION(S): Upstream and downstream caves of the GLTS differ in scale and volcanic features. We illustrated various characteristics of the caves including lava cave features, vegetation, and microbial mats. We also described the internal and external cave environments.","PeriodicalId":17872,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86562571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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