This paper assesses the main types of environmental impact caused by mineral exploration and mining. The ecological situation due to the extraction and processing of mineral raw materials in the mining regions, as well as the environmental impact of accumulated mining waste are shown. The results of environmental monitoring of the quality of the industrial urban environments of the Russian Federation are also presented. Based on the analysis of the database of existing man-made formations, including those produced from the rare metal deposits, the maps of their distribution over the territory of Russia as a whole and the territory of the Ural Federal District are compiled. The ranking of man-made deposits and formations by their impact on environmental elements has been performed. Keywords: mining, industrial waste, heavy metals, ecosystem pollution, environmental safety
{"title":"Methodological Approach to Determination of Priorities in Ecological Estimation of the Russian Territories","authors":"I. Spiridonov, E. Levchenko, D. Klyucharev","doi":"10.18502/kms.v6i1.8040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/kms.v6i1.8040","url":null,"abstract":"This paper assesses the main types of environmental impact caused by mineral exploration and mining. The ecological situation due to the extraction and processing of mineral raw materials in the mining regions, as well as the environmental impact of accumulated mining waste are shown. The results of environmental monitoring of the quality of the industrial urban environments of the Russian Federation are also presented. Based on the analysis of the database of existing man-made formations, including those produced from the rare metal deposits, the maps of their distribution over the territory of Russia as a whole and the territory of the Ural Federal District are compiled. The ranking of man-made deposits and formations by their impact on environmental elements has been performed. \u0000Keywords: mining, industrial waste, heavy metals, ecosystem pollution, environmental safety","PeriodicalId":17908,"journal":{"name":"KnE Materials Science","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86061563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. I. Shavaleev, E. Abdeev, M. A. Lobanov, A. A. Rukomoinikov
Currently, many methods of treating waste water are known using various lubricating coolant compositions, but there is no universal treatment method. The most suitable ways of reducing the harmful impact of waste water in the metallurgical industry on the water environment are 1) the local treatment of waste water of various compositions, 2) the removal or reduction of the total amount of waste treatment liquid emissions as a result of their regeneration, and 3) reuse of treated waste water in closed water circulation systems and technical water supply to enterprises. During production of bimetallic finned tubes by cold deformation method, alkaline cleaning solutions are used to clean the surface from lubricating-cooling liquid. As a result, there is a need to dispose of spent liquids. The spent detergent solution is a three-phase emulsion. The upper layer is oil-oil products, medium liquid with increased PH index, and aluminates precipitate. A spent emulsion, i.e. an end-of-life emulsion that has lost its functional and operational properties, needs to be decomposed and disposed of. Keywords: finned bimetallic tube, air cooler, lubricating coolant, oil – emulsion
{"title":"Research Treatment Studies for Cleanable Waste Water for Cleaning Pipes","authors":"E. I. Shavaleev, E. Abdeev, M. A. Lobanov, A. A. Rukomoinikov","doi":"10.18502/kms.v6i1.8090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/kms.v6i1.8090","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Currently, many methods of treating waste water are known using various lubricating coolant compositions, but there is no universal treatment method. The most suitable ways of reducing the harmful impact of waste water in the metallurgical industry on the water environment are 1) the local treatment of waste water of various compositions, 2) the removal or reduction of the total amount of waste treatment liquid emissions as a result of their regeneration, and 3) reuse of treated waste water in closed water circulation systems and technical water supply to enterprises. During production of bimetallic finned tubes by cold deformation method, alkaline cleaning solutions are used to clean the surface from lubricating-cooling liquid. As a result, there is a need to dispose of spent liquids. The spent detergent solution is a three-phase emulsion. The upper layer is oil-oil products, medium liquid with increased PH index, and aluminates precipitate. A spent emulsion, i.e. an end-of-life emulsion that has lost its functional and operational properties, needs to be decomposed and disposed of. \u0000Keywords: finned bimetallic tube, air cooler, lubricating coolant, oil – emulsion \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":17908,"journal":{"name":"KnE Materials Science","volume":"51 1","pages":"283-287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90280336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the most important and urgent problems facing the metallurgical industry is the problem of processing dump mattes (DM). These are alloys of sulfides of various metals, and in some locations have accumulated to such an extent that they fill entire landfills with environmentally hazardous substances. During prolonged storage in air, DM decomposes and produces toxic substances. Therefore it is important to find an environmentally safe way to store or processes DM. The available information on the technologies for processing sulfide-oxide metallurgical raw materials and sources of DM formation are analysed in this study. Chemical analysis of the DM indicates a high iron content, which a priori determines the high conductivity of dump materials. The aim of this research is to examibne the physicochemical properties of the DM melts of the Kadamjai antimony industrial complex, in which, according to the technological schedule, iron and antimony are accumulated in sulfide form, followed by pyroelectrochemical processing of them into commodity products in the case of optimal metal current yields and good extraction. The electrical conductivity (æ) of the industrial DM melt is characteristic of multifunctional conductors with a predominant semiconductor mechanism of conductivity. The addition of a heteropolar additive (Na2S) into the DM melt suppresses the electronic component of conductivity and decreaseds æ in the system to values that are typical for ionic melts. Current-voltage characteristics for the composition of the system with 60 and 70 mol. % Na2S indicate polarization in the melts. The electrolysis of DM-Na2S melts is accompanied by the release of sulfur on the anode. For a final assessment of the possibility of using electrochemical processing of DM melts into antimony metal, it is recommended that a preliminary economic calculation of the entire technological process be performed. Keywords: dump mattes, iron and antimony sulfides, physicochemical properties, ecology, utilization
{"title":"On the Possibility of Electrochemical Processing of Dump Industrial Iron-Antimony Matte","authors":"Oleg Nikiforovich Mustyatsa","doi":"10.18502/kms.v6i1.8051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/kms.v6i1.8051","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most important and urgent problems facing the metallurgical industry is the problem of processing dump mattes (DM). These are alloys of sulfides of various metals, and in some locations have accumulated to such an extent that they fill entire landfills with environmentally hazardous substances. During prolonged storage in air, DM decomposes and produces toxic substances. Therefore it is important to find an environmentally safe way to store or processes DM. The available information on the technologies for processing sulfide-oxide metallurgical raw materials and sources of DM formation are analysed in this study. Chemical analysis of the DM indicates a high iron content, which a priori determines the high conductivity of dump materials. The aim of this research is to examibne the physicochemical properties of the DM melts of the Kadamjai antimony industrial complex, in which, according to the technological schedule, iron and antimony are accumulated in sulfide form, followed by pyroelectrochemical processing of them into commodity products in the case of optimal metal current yields and good extraction. The electrical conductivity (æ) of the industrial DM melt is characteristic of multifunctional conductors with a predominant semiconductor mechanism of conductivity. The addition of a heteropolar additive (Na2S) into the DM melt suppresses the electronic component of conductivity and decreaseds æ in the system to values that are typical for ionic melts. Current-voltage characteristics for the composition of the system with 60 and 70 mol. % Na2S indicate polarization in the melts. The electrolysis of DM-Na2S melts is accompanied by the release of sulfur on the anode. For a final assessment of the possibility of using electrochemical processing of DM melts into antimony metal, it is recommended that a preliminary economic calculation of the entire technological process be performed. \u0000Keywords: dump mattes, iron and antimony sulfides, physicochemical properties, ecology, utilization","PeriodicalId":17908,"journal":{"name":"KnE Materials Science","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84851194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The process of extracting phenols from schistous tar using extractants based on water solutions of technical ethanol with concentration of 70% is considered in this article. According to chromato-mass-spectrometric (CMS) analysis, initial schistous tar contains 28.29 % of summary phenols, after extraction with 70% alcohol solution this had dropped by 8.76 %. According to results of laboratory studies, the best extraction properties were identified as occurring with 70% water ethanol of schistous tar with the ratio 1:1. As we see from obtained data, after extraction with ethanol, phenol content in tar is decreased by up to 8.76 %. After elimination of phenols, schistous tar might be applied as hydrocarbonic material for future processing into motor or boiler fuel. Keywords: Schistous tar, phenol, extraction
{"title":"Phenol Extraction from Schistous Tar of Shubarkol Deposit","authors":"A. T. Ordabayeva, M. Meiramov, V. A. Khrupov","doi":"10.18502/kms.v6i1.8041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/kms.v6i1.8041","url":null,"abstract":"The process of extracting phenols from schistous tar using extractants based on water solutions of technical ethanol with concentration of 70% is considered in this article. According to chromato-mass-spectrometric (CMS) analysis, initial schistous tar contains 28.29 % of summary phenols, after extraction with 70% alcohol solution this had dropped by 8.76 %. According to results of laboratory studies, the best extraction properties were identified as occurring with 70% water ethanol of schistous tar with the ratio 1:1. As we see from obtained data, after extraction with ethanol, phenol content in tar is decreased by up to 8.76 %. After elimination of phenols, schistous tar might be applied as hydrocarbonic material for future processing into motor or boiler fuel. \u0000Keywords: Schistous tar, phenol, extraction","PeriodicalId":17908,"journal":{"name":"KnE Materials Science","volume":"14 1","pages":"42–45-42–45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88392653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anton A. Kovyazin, Vasilii A. Kochin, Konstantin L. Timofeev, Sergey A. Krayuhin
The processing of fine metallurgical dust by pyrometallurgical methods leads to the accumulation of impurities and deterioration in the quality of blister copper. Fine dust contains copper, zinc, lead, arsenic and iron. A hydrometallurgical method for the separation of the main components into the following products is proposed: copper-zinc residue, iron-arsenic residue, lead residue. The hydrometallurgical scheme consists of three stages of leaching: neutral and using sulfuric and nitric acids. When processing metallurgical dust according to the proposed scheme, a solution containing copper, zinc, iron and arsenic is formed, as well as a lead containing precipitate. Arsenic and iron are removed from the solution in the form of iron (III) arsenate, after which zinc and copper are precipitated. Lead in sediment is in carbonated form. The developed technology allows the extraction of: 87% copper, 88% zinc, 83% iron, 83% arsenic, 99% lead in individual products. Keywords: metallurgical dust, arsenic removal, nitric acid leaching
{"title":"Comprehensive Processing of Fine Metallurgical Dust","authors":"Anton A. Kovyazin, Vasilii A. Kochin, Konstantin L. Timofeev, Sergey A. Krayuhin","doi":"10.18502/kms.v6i1.8075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/kms.v6i1.8075","url":null,"abstract":"The processing of fine metallurgical dust by pyrometallurgical methods leads to the accumulation of impurities and deterioration in the quality of blister copper. Fine dust contains copper, zinc, lead, arsenic and iron. A hydrometallurgical method for the separation of the main components into the following products is proposed: copper-zinc residue, iron-arsenic residue, lead residue. The hydrometallurgical scheme consists of three stages of leaching: neutral and using sulfuric and nitric acids. When processing metallurgical dust according to the proposed scheme, a solution containing copper, zinc, iron and arsenic is formed, as well as a lead containing precipitate. Arsenic and iron are removed from the solution in the form of iron (III) arsenate, after which zinc and copper are precipitated. Lead in sediment is in carbonated form. The developed technology allows the extraction of: 87% copper, 88% zinc, 83% iron, 83% arsenic, 99% lead in individual products. \u0000Keywords: metallurgical dust, arsenic removal, nitric acid leaching","PeriodicalId":17908,"journal":{"name":"KnE Materials Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88399200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is an increase in motorization worldwide, which in turn requires the construction of high-quality roads and highways. In both new construction and reconstruction of the pavement, large volumes of natural mineral materials are used, placing a large technogenic load on environmental objects during their extraction. In a number of regions of the Russian Federation, there are not sufficient volumes of conditioned raw materials for the production of high-quality composite building materials, such as asphalt concrete and cement concrete mixtures. The use of industrial waste in the composition of building materials addresses this issue while both solving environmental issues and reducing the cost of road construction. This article shows that developed countries successfully use the resource potential of waste in the production of building materials. This article proposes the use of waste foundry sand as the mineral raw material in the production of asphalt concrete. The article presents research on the following: geometric shape, elemental composition of the surface of the particles of the waste foundry sand; bitumen capacity; and the adhesion of bitumen. Based on the obtained data, a technology was developed for producing hot sandy asphalt concrete in which the waste foundry sand is used as a fine mineral aggregate. Physico-mechanical properties of the obtained samples of asphalt concrete satisfy the requirements established in GOST for asphalt concrete. Keywords: waste foundry sand, asphalt concrete, industrial material, elemental composition, bitumen
{"title":"Use of the Waste Foundry Sand in the Composition of Hot Sandy Dense Asphalt Concrete","authors":"Kirill Yuryevich Tyuryukhanov, K. Pugin","doi":"10.18502/kms.v6i1.8121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/kms.v6i1.8121","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000There is an increase in motorization worldwide, which in turn requires the construction of high-quality roads and highways. In both new construction and reconstruction of the pavement, large volumes of natural mineral materials are used, placing a large technogenic load on environmental objects during their extraction. In a number of regions of the Russian Federation, there are not sufficient volumes of conditioned raw materials for the production of high-quality composite building materials, such as asphalt concrete and cement concrete mixtures. The use of industrial waste in the composition of building materials addresses this issue while both solving environmental issues and reducing the cost of road construction. This article shows that developed countries successfully use the resource potential of waste in the production of building materials. This article proposes the use of waste foundry sand as the mineral raw material in the production of asphalt concrete. The article presents research on the following: geometric shape, elemental composition of the surface of the particles of the waste foundry sand; bitumen capacity; and the adhesion of bitumen. Based on the obtained data, a technology was developed for producing hot sandy asphalt concrete in which the waste foundry sand is used as a fine mineral aggregate. Physico-mechanical properties of the obtained samples of asphalt concrete satisfy the requirements established in GOST for asphalt concrete. \u0000Keywords: waste foundry sand, asphalt concrete, industrial material, elemental composition, bitumen \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":17908,"journal":{"name":"KnE Materials Science","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88889749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The composition and properties of fluorine–anhydrite and steel–refining slag which are wastes of production of hydrogen fluoride and steel were determined. It is established that fluorine–anhydrite of the current output does not meet the requirements to materials for the production of Portland cement. Therefore to improve the technical and consumer properties of fluorine-anhydrite (for increasing the amount of CaSO4 ⋅2H2O and neutralization of H2SO4) the studies of its’ conditioning processes with steel– refining slag were carried out. It was found that the mass transfer coefficient of sulfuric acid through the capillary and the degree of its neutralization by slag depend on the dispersion of fluorine–anhydrite, its porosity and initial acidity. The most effective binding of sulfuric acid occurs with the introduction of slag in stoichiometric amounts, the size of fluorine–anhydrite granules up to 20 mm and a processing time of 60 minutes. After storage in air-humid conditions for 12 hours of fluorine–anhydrite treated with slag the strength of its granules, the amount of dihydrate gypsum and toxicological properties meet the requirements. Keywords: techno–gypsum, refining slag, neutralization, conditioning, gypsum stone, Portland cement
{"title":"Obtaining of Granulated Gypsum Anhydrite on the Basis of Technogenic Wastes of Chemical and Metallurgical Complex for Use in Portland Cement Production","authors":"A. Ponomarenko","doi":"10.18502/kms.v6i1.8059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/kms.v6i1.8059","url":null,"abstract":"The composition and properties of fluorine–anhydrite and steel–refining slag which are wastes of production of hydrogen fluoride and steel were determined. It is established that fluorine–anhydrite of the current output does not meet the requirements to materials for the production of Portland cement. Therefore to improve the technical and consumer properties of fluorine-anhydrite (for increasing the amount of CaSO4 ⋅2H2O and neutralization of H2SO4) the studies of its’ conditioning processes with steel– refining slag were carried out. It was found that the mass transfer coefficient of sulfuric acid through the capillary and the degree of its neutralization by slag depend on the dispersion of fluorine–anhydrite, its porosity and initial acidity. The most effective binding of sulfuric acid occurs with the introduction of slag in stoichiometric amounts, the size of fluorine–anhydrite granules up to 20 mm and a processing time of 60 minutes. After storage in air-humid conditions for 12 hours of fluorine–anhydrite treated with slag the strength of its granules, the amount of dihydrate gypsum and toxicological properties meet the requirements. \u0000Keywords: techno–gypsum, refining slag, neutralization, conditioning, gypsum stone, Portland cement","PeriodicalId":17908,"journal":{"name":"KnE Materials Science","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78565745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nowadays about 200 million tons of phosphogypsum (PG) have been stored in the dumps of the chemical industry and non–ferrous metallurgy of Russia which pollutes the environment. This waste contains up to 98 % of two–water gypsum and impurities including rare earth metals (REM) in an amount of up to 0.5 % preventing its use in the production of building materials. A complex technology of FG recycling including extraction of REM, neutralization and dehydration of the pulp for using in the production of gypsum binders and Portland cement. Results of determination of density, grain, chemical and mineral compositions and structure of the product of recycling of FG of the “Sredneuralsky copper smelting plant” are presented. After the REM extraction, the PG is a loose lumpy mass with moisture content of 28–32 % which contains about 10 % of particles larger than 40 mm and not more than 60 % of particles less than 10 mm, it has a true density of 2.26 g/cm3, pH of aqueous extract is 5.95. It has the following chemical composition, mass. %: 0.87 SiО2; 0.93 A12O3; 0.20 Fe2O3; 31.00 CaO; 0.034 MgO; 44.27 SО3; 0.10 K2О; 0.42 Nа2О; 0.45 Р2О5(general); 20.73 of mass loss of ignition. The mineral composition of the PG processing product is represented by two-water gypsum and a slight amount of quartz. The possibility of using gypsum–containing waste in the production of gypsum binders and cement is considered. The effect of temperature and duration of firing, the dispersion, the type and quantity of chemical and mineral admixtures on physical and mechanical properties of gypsum binder, the influence of the type and amount of mineral additive on pelletizing and physic–mechanical properties of the granulated and pressed PG and its effects on setting time and strength of Portland cement are represented. It is recommended to use PG to obtain low–temperature and composite gypsum binders, regulation of Portland cement setting after extraction of REM. Keywords: phosphogypsum, recycling, composition, properties, technology, gypsum binder, Portland cement
{"title":"Composition, Properties and Using Fields of Product of Phosphogypsum Recycling","authors":"F. L. Kapustin, N. Mityushov, S. Bednyagin","doi":"10.18502/kms.v6i1.8060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/kms.v6i1.8060","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays about 200 million tons of phosphogypsum (PG) have been stored in the dumps of the chemical industry and non–ferrous metallurgy of Russia which pollutes the environment. This waste contains up to 98 % of two–water gypsum and impurities including rare earth metals (REM) in an amount of up to 0.5 % preventing its use in the production of building materials. A complex technology of FG recycling including extraction of REM, neutralization and dehydration of the pulp for using in the production of gypsum binders and Portland cement. Results of determination of density, grain, chemical and mineral compositions and structure of the product of recycling of FG of the “Sredneuralsky copper smelting plant” are presented. After the REM extraction, the PG is a loose lumpy mass with moisture content of 28–32 % which contains about 10 % of particles larger than 40 mm and not more than 60 % of particles less than 10 mm, it has a true density of 2.26 g/cm3, pH of aqueous extract is 5.95. It has the following chemical composition, mass. %: 0.87 SiО2; 0.93 A12O3; 0.20 Fe2O3; 31.00 CaO; 0.034 MgO; 44.27 SО3; 0.10 K2О; 0.42 Nа2О; 0.45 Р2О5(general); 20.73 of mass loss of ignition. The mineral composition of the PG processing product is represented by two-water gypsum and a slight amount of quartz. The possibility of using gypsum–containing waste in the production of gypsum binders and cement is considered. The effect of temperature and duration of firing, the dispersion, the type and quantity of chemical and mineral admixtures on physical and mechanical properties of gypsum binder, the influence of the type and amount of mineral additive on pelletizing and physic–mechanical properties of the granulated and pressed PG and its effects on setting time and strength of Portland cement are represented. It is recommended to use PG to obtain low–temperature and composite gypsum binders, regulation of Portland cement setting after extraction of REM. \u0000Keywords: phosphogypsum, recycling, composition, properties, technology, gypsum binder, Portland cement","PeriodicalId":17908,"journal":{"name":"KnE Materials Science","volume":"19 1","pages":"150–155-150–155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84679695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. S. Yolkin, A. Sivtsov, D. K. Yolkin, A. Karlina
Silicon carbide is obtained in ore-thermal furnaces by reduction of silica (quartzite) with carbon. The use of silicon carbide in the production of technical silicon as a carrier of the target element and as a reducing agent can significantly improve the technical and economic performance (TEP) melting. The process of reducing silicon melting in electric furnaces takes place in two stages. First, silicon carbide is formed as a pseudomorphosis over the carbon of the reducing agent, then silicon carbide interacts with silicon oxide to form elementary silicon. Physical and chemical properties of silicon carbides obtained with the use of various reducing agents were studied. The reducing potential and reaction ability of carbides depends on how their surface is developed. Carbide volume and density characteristics are obtained on the matrices of charcoal and petroleum coke. For comparison, data for carbide obtained in the Acheson furnace are presented. Measurements of relative electrical resistivity of the reducing agent were performed and obtained on the carbides basis with temperature in the range of 700–1700∘C. For comparison, the RER values of silicon carbide obtained in the Acheson furnace are given, the resistance of carbides is several times higher than the RER of the corresponding reducing agents, which favorably affects the furnaces smelting silicon electric mode. As a result of the silicon carbide addition to the charge, the power of the arc discharge increases and the intensity of the reduction process increases. Keywords: silicon carbide, gas cleaning dust, gas capture system
{"title":"The Production of Silicon Carbide and Achievements in the Field of Furnace Gases Collection and Purification","authors":"K. S. Yolkin, A. Sivtsov, D. K. Yolkin, A. Karlina","doi":"10.18502/kms.v6i1.8046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/kms.v6i1.8046","url":null,"abstract":"Silicon carbide is obtained in ore-thermal furnaces by reduction of silica (quartzite) with carbon. The use of silicon carbide in the production of technical silicon as a carrier of the target element and as a reducing agent can significantly improve the technical and economic performance (TEP) melting. The process of reducing silicon melting in electric furnaces takes place in two stages. First, silicon carbide is formed as a pseudomorphosis over the carbon of the reducing agent, then silicon carbide interacts with silicon oxide to form elementary silicon. Physical and chemical properties of silicon carbides obtained with the use of various reducing agents were studied. The reducing potential and reaction ability of carbides depends on how their surface is developed. Carbide volume and density characteristics are obtained on the matrices of charcoal and petroleum coke. For comparison, data for carbide obtained in the Acheson furnace are presented. Measurements of relative electrical resistivity of the reducing agent were performed and obtained on the carbides basis with temperature in the range of 700–1700∘C. For comparison, the RER values of silicon carbide obtained in the Acheson furnace are given, the resistance of carbides is several times higher than the RER of the corresponding reducing agents, which favorably affects the furnaces smelting silicon electric mode. As a result of the silicon carbide addition to the charge, the power of the arc discharge increases and the intensity of the reduction process increases. \u0000Keywords: silicon carbide, gas cleaning dust, gas capture system","PeriodicalId":17908,"journal":{"name":"KnE Materials Science","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78667292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Kashcheev, K. Zemlyanoy, A. Doronin, K. Stepanova
This article considers an effective way of complex alumina-containing materials of natural or technogenic origin processing with obtaining a whole complex of raw materials: alkali-free highly active aluminum hydroxide, iron hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, etc. In laboratory conditions the alumina raw materials behavior in the thickening, washing, filtration processes were checked. The optimal parameters of the processes were selected as a result of conducted research. Keywords: non-conventional alumina raw materials, technogenic materials, hydrochemical processing, ammonium hydrosulfate, environmental friendliness, efficiency
{"title":"Development of the High-purity Aluminium Oxide Powder Producing Technology on the Ural Region Raw Materials Basis","authors":"I. Kashcheev, K. Zemlyanoy, A. Doronin, K. Stepanova","doi":"10.18502/kms.v6i1.8152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/kms.v6i1.8152","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000This article considers an effective way of complex alumina-containing materials of natural or technogenic origin processing with obtaining a whole complex of raw materials: alkali-free highly active aluminum hydroxide, iron hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, etc. In laboratory conditions the alumina raw materials behavior in the thickening, washing, filtration processes were checked. The optimal parameters of the processes were selected as a result of conducted research. \u0000Keywords: non-conventional alumina raw materials, technogenic materials, hydrochemical processing, ammonium hydrosulfate, environmental friendliness, efficiency \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":17908,"journal":{"name":"KnE Materials Science","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87074182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：