Pub Date : 2018-05-01DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2018.8597486
Sang-Bum Lee, Taeg YongKwon, Sang EonPark, Myoung-Sun Heo, Hyun-Gue Hong
We present the current status of an atomic gravimeter being developed at KRISS for precise absolute gravity measurement. The gravimeter is based on atom interferometry with laser cooled 87Rb atoms. The short-term stability of the gravity measurement is $1.6times 10^{-8}$ at 1 s average time. Analysis on short-and long-term stability of the gravimeter is discussed.
{"title":"Atomic Gravimeter Based on Atom Interferometry Being Developed at KRISS","authors":"Sang-Bum Lee, Taeg YongKwon, Sang EonPark, Myoung-Sun Heo, Hyun-Gue Hong","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2018.8597486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2018.8597486","url":null,"abstract":"We present the current status of an atomic gravimeter being developed at KRISS for precise absolute gravity measurement. The gravimeter is based on atom interferometry with laser cooled 87Rb atoms. The short-term stability of the gravity measurement is $1.6times 10^{-8}$ at 1 s average time. Analysis on short-and long-term stability of the gravimeter is discussed.","PeriodicalId":180164,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114907467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-01DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2018.8597562
G. Rieker, S. Coburn, C. Alden, Ryan K. Cole, Anthony Draper, P. J. Schroeder, R. Wright, I. Coddington, K. Cossel, E. Baumann, K. Prasad, N. Newbury
Recent advances in frequency comb technology are enabling new applications of laser absorption spectroscopy to practical environments. We describe two such applications-locating and sizing specific methane leaks across large regions, and diagnostic development for high pressure combustion systems.
{"title":"Novel Uses of Stabilized Optical Frequency Combs: From Regional Methane Leak Source Identification to Diagnostics for Extreme Combustion","authors":"G. Rieker, S. Coburn, C. Alden, Ryan K. Cole, Anthony Draper, P. J. Schroeder, R. Wright, I. Coddington, K. Cossel, E. Baumann, K. Prasad, N. Newbury","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2018.8597562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2018.8597562","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advances in frequency comb technology are enabling new applications of laser absorption spectroscopy to practical environments. We describe two such applications-locating and sizing specific methane leaks across large regions, and diagnostic development for high pressure combustion systems.","PeriodicalId":180164,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS)","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122888626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-01DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2018.8597503
Feihong Bao, Mohammed Awad, Xinyi Li, Zhaohui Wu, J. Bao, Xiao-Sheng Zhang, Leilei Bao
In order for micro/nano-electro-mechanical systems (M/NEMS) resonators to make real impact to practical applications such as wireless communications and autonomous sensor networks, further improvements are needed in particular in the enhancement of quality factor $(Q)$. Herein, a novel geometry design with a suspended frame structure integrated with phononic crystals (PnC) unit cells was demonstrated to significantly reduce the anchor loss of ring-shaped thin-film piezoelectric-on-silicon bulk acoustic wave resonator and then enhance its $Q$. Finite-element-analysis (FEA) simulation was employed to systematically study the proposed design, which reveals that the $Q_{anc}$ of this novel geometry (i.e., R6T20FP-w5 with $Q_{anc}$ of 100000) achieved a maximum 83-fold enhancement compared with the pristine one (i.e., RNT10-w26 with $Q_{anc}$ is 1200).
{"title":"Suspended Frame Structure with Phononic Crystals for Anchor Loss Reduction of MEMS Resonator","authors":"Feihong Bao, Mohammed Awad, Xinyi Li, Zhaohui Wu, J. Bao, Xiao-Sheng Zhang, Leilei Bao","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2018.8597503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2018.8597503","url":null,"abstract":"In order for micro/nano-electro-mechanical systems (M/NEMS) resonators to make real impact to practical applications such as wireless communications and autonomous sensor networks, further improvements are needed in particular in the enhancement of quality factor $(Q)$. Herein, a novel geometry design with a suspended frame structure integrated with phononic crystals (PnC) unit cells was demonstrated to significantly reduce the anchor loss of ring-shaped thin-film piezoelectric-on-silicon bulk acoustic wave resonator and then enhance its $Q$. Finite-element-analysis (FEA) simulation was employed to systematically study the proposed design, which reveals that the $Q_{anc}$ of this novel geometry (i.e., R6T20FP-w5 with $Q_{anc}$ of 100000) achieved a maximum 83-fold enhancement compared with the pristine one (i.e., RNT10-w26 with $Q_{anc}$ is 1200).","PeriodicalId":180164,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129609117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-01DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2018.8597497
B. Marechal, D. F. Tetsing Talla, J. Millo, C. Rocher, P. Bourgeois, G. Goavec-Mérou, C. Lacroûte, E. Rubiola, Y. Kersalé
In this paper, we present the current development status of a cavity stabilized laser at 1550 nm. The expected thermal noise limit of the silicon Fabry-Perot cavity is $3times 10^{-17}$ at 17 K in terms of fractional frequency instability. We cooled it to its thermal expansion turning point, measured at 18.1 K, with a pulse-tube based cryocooler. Thanks to the thermal filtering and the temperature control of the cavity, the temperature induced fractional frequency instability is below the thermal noise up to 1000 s of integration time. We also discuss the vibration induced limitations, the thermal characterization of the cryocooler and the digital servo implementation and performances.
{"title":"Development of a Cryogenic Silicon Cavity Stabilized Laser","authors":"B. Marechal, D. F. Tetsing Talla, J. Millo, C. Rocher, P. Bourgeois, G. Goavec-Mérou, C. Lacroûte, E. Rubiola, Y. Kersalé","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2018.8597497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2018.8597497","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present the current development status of a cavity stabilized laser at 1550 nm. The expected thermal noise limit of the silicon Fabry-Perot cavity is $3times 10^{-17}$ at 17 K in terms of fractional frequency instability. We cooled it to its thermal expansion turning point, measured at 18.1 K, with a pulse-tube based cryocooler. Thanks to the thermal filtering and the temperature control of the cavity, the temperature induced fractional frequency instability is below the thermal noise up to 1000 s of integration time. We also discuss the vibration induced limitations, the thermal characterization of the cryocooler and the digital servo implementation and performances.","PeriodicalId":180164,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS)","volume":"2015 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128733480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The line shape of magnetic resonance (MR) signals in 4He magnetometer is measured and appears to be asymmetric when the light field is detuned. It is thought be to caused by inhomogeneous light-shift due to the uneven light intensity distribution over the cell volume. Theory is presented to explain this phenomenon.
{"title":"Inhomogeneous Light-Shift in Helium Magnetometer","authors":"Haidong Wang, Sheng Li, Zaisheng Lin, Xiang Peng, Jingbiao Chen, Hong Guo","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2018.8597479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2018.8597479","url":null,"abstract":"The line shape of magnetic resonance (MR) signals in 4He magnetometer is measured and appears to be asymmetric when the light field is detuned. It is thought be to caused by inhomogeneous light-shift due to the uneven light intensity distribution over the cell volume. Theory is presented to explain this phenomenon.","PeriodicalId":180164,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129213390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-01DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2018.8597545
K. Matsuda, S. Goka, M. Kajita, Y. Yano
We developed a simulator that calculates the CPT resonances of all the energy levels of the Cs-Di line. The simulator can analyze the CPT resonances of not only the clock transition but also all the Zeeman sub-levels. To verify this calculation result, we measured the CPT spectrum using VCSEL and gas cell. From these results, it was confirmed that the calculation results were in good agreements with the experimental results.
{"title":"Study of Quantitative Calculation of CPT Resonances Considering Zeeman Sub-Levels of CS-D1 Line","authors":"K. Matsuda, S. Goka, M. Kajita, Y. Yano","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2018.8597545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2018.8597545","url":null,"abstract":"We developed a simulator that calculates the CPT resonances of all the energy levels of the Cs-Di line. The simulator can analyze the CPT resonances of not only the clock transition but also all the Zeeman sub-levels. To verify this calculation result, we measured the CPT spectrum using VCSEL and gas cell. From these results, it was confirmed that the calculation results were in good agreements with the experimental results.","PeriodicalId":180164,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS)","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124527493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-01DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2018.8597569
Bryan Hemingway, Jennifer A. Taylor, T. Swanson, Steven Eric Peil
Despite the remarkable progress in optical frequency standards over the past decade, the path toward continuously operating optical clocks remains challenging. We are investigating the prospect of achieving good long-term stability with a thermal atomic beam, a straightforward architecture conducive to operational applications. We have demonstrated Ramsey-Bordé spectroscopy [1] in calcium down to a full-width of 15 kHz, and we discuss our experimental approach, the status of our work, and our plans for improvement.
{"title":"Preliminary Investigation of a Calcium Thermal Beam in Order to Build an Operational Optical Clock","authors":"Bryan Hemingway, Jennifer A. Taylor, T. Swanson, Steven Eric Peil","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2018.8597569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2018.8597569","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the remarkable progress in optical frequency standards over the past decade, the path toward continuously operating optical clocks remains challenging. We are investigating the prospect of achieving good long-term stability with a thermal atomic beam, a straightforward architecture conducive to operational applications. We have demonstrated Ramsey-Bordé spectroscopy [1] in calcium down to a full-width of 15 kHz, and we discuss our experimental approach, the status of our work, and our plans for improvement.","PeriodicalId":180164,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134166699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-01DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2018.8597539
D. Pan, Tiantian Shi, Jingbiao Chen
We experimentally realize a dual-wavelength good-bad cavity active optical clock based on the Nd: YAG crystal and cesium cell, of which the 1064 nm output signal as well as the Cs 1470 nm clock signal share a same cavity, and work in good cavity and bad cavity regime, respectively. We measure the detailed characteristics of the output signals. To further suppress the residual cavity pulling effect, we propose a preliminary cavity stabilization scheme where two independent systems are built and their good cavity signals are locked to each other, thus realizing the locking of cavity length. This scheme can demonstrate the technical readiness for the cavity stabilized dual-wavelength active optical clock that the main cavity is stabilized to a super cavity through PDH technique.
{"title":"Dual-wavelength Laser System and Cavity Stabilization Scheme of Dual-Wavelength Active Optical Clock","authors":"D. Pan, Tiantian Shi, Jingbiao Chen","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2018.8597539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2018.8597539","url":null,"abstract":"We experimentally realize a dual-wavelength good-bad cavity active optical clock based on the Nd: YAG crystal and cesium cell, of which the 1064 nm output signal as well as the Cs 1470 nm clock signal share a same cavity, and work in good cavity and bad cavity regime, respectively. We measure the detailed characteristics of the output signals. To further suppress the residual cavity pulling effect, we propose a preliminary cavity stabilization scheme where two independent systems are built and their good cavity signals are locked to each other, thus realizing the locking of cavity length. This scheme can demonstrate the technical readiness for the cavity stabilized dual-wavelength active optical clock that the main cavity is stabilized to a super cavity through PDH technique.","PeriodicalId":180164,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134393333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-01DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2018.8597573
Shih-Chuan Lu, Wun-Ruei Du, Yi-Chen Huang, Chun–Pu Tsai, Wei-Chang Li
A MEMS resoswitch-enabled surface coating condition-monitoring device is demonstrated as a proof of concept that successfully detects the existence of molecule coated on the structure surface. In particular, a CMOS-MEMS clamped-clamped beam (CC-beam) resoswitch exhibits a distinguishable change in the tapping bandwidth of the frequency response against different surface conditions while operating in the nonlinear cold switching mode. By salinizing the surface with (1H, 1H, 2H, 2H)-per-fluorodecyltrichlorosilane (CF3 (CF2)7(CH2)2SiCl3, FDTS), the resoswitch presents a tapping bandwidth extended from 17.37 kHz to 29.75 kHz due to lowered adhesion forces. The resoswitch-based surface condition could be employed to enable in situ monitoring of, for example, the anti-stiction coating often used in MEMS motion sensors.
{"title":"MEMS Surface Coating Condition Monitoring via Nonlinear Tapping of Resoswitches","authors":"Shih-Chuan Lu, Wun-Ruei Du, Yi-Chen Huang, Chun–Pu Tsai, Wei-Chang Li","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2018.8597573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2018.8597573","url":null,"abstract":"A MEMS resoswitch-enabled surface coating condition-monitoring device is demonstrated as a proof of concept that successfully detects the existence of molecule coated on the structure surface. In particular, a CMOS-MEMS clamped-clamped beam (CC-beam) resoswitch exhibits a distinguishable change in the tapping bandwidth of the frequency response against different surface conditions while operating in the nonlinear cold switching mode. By salinizing the surface with (1H, 1H, 2H, 2H)-per-fluorodecyltrichlorosilane (CF3 (CF2)7(CH2)2SiCl3, FDTS), the resoswitch presents a tapping bandwidth extended from 17.37 kHz to 29.75 kHz due to lowered adhesion forces. The resoswitch-based surface condition could be employed to enable in situ monitoring of, for example, the anti-stiction coating often used in MEMS motion sensors.","PeriodicalId":180164,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129409921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-01DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2018.8597458
Z. Qian, M. Rinaldi
This paper reports on the experimental study of the effects of bottom electrode topography in AlN nano plate resonators (NPRs) on quality factor. We show that efficient piezoelectric transduction of a high frequency (~744 MHz) lateral-extensional mode of vibration and a quality factor as high as ~1300 can be achieved when a 70 nm thick platinum layer is employed as the interdigitated electrode underneath of a 200 nm thick AlN nano plate. Such a high value of quality factor is comparable to that achieved in reference devices with inversed electrode design (employing an unpatterned floating plate as the bottom electrode). The smoothly-transitioned topography of the bottom electrode, more specifically, the tapered edge of the patterned interdigitated electrode is identified as the key contributing factor to the achievement of high quality factors.
{"title":"Effects of Bottom Electrode Topography in AlN Nano Plate Resonators on Quality Factor","authors":"Z. Qian, M. Rinaldi","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2018.8597458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2018.8597458","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports on the experimental study of the effects of bottom electrode topography in AlN nano plate resonators (NPRs) on quality factor. We show that efficient piezoelectric transduction of a high frequency (~744 MHz) lateral-extensional mode of vibration and a quality factor as high as ~1300 can be achieved when a 70 nm thick platinum layer is employed as the interdigitated electrode underneath of a 200 nm thick AlN nano plate. Such a high value of quality factor is comparable to that achieved in reference devices with inversed electrode design (employing an unpatterned floating plate as the bottom electrode). The smoothly-transitioned topography of the bottom electrode, more specifically, the tapered edge of the patterned interdigitated electrode is identified as the key contributing factor to the achievement of high quality factors.","PeriodicalId":180164,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131013185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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