In this paper we reports on a stable radio frequency (RF) dissemination system via optical fiber. The phase variations caused by fluctuations of the delay length are passively canceled out. The devices of transmitting site and receiving site are integrated into two prototype modules. After transmitted over 80 km commercial telecom fiber link, the measured fractional frequency instability (Allan deviation) of 2.4 GHz RF signal is $7.9times 10^{-17}$ for 10000 s averaging time.
{"title":"First Field Trial of the Frequency Transfer System with Passive Stabilization Scheme","authors":"Chenxia Liu, Tianwei Jiang, Song Yu, Ruihuan Wu, Dongxing Wang, Jingxi Liang, Xing Chen, Yaojun Qiao","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2018.8597460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2018.8597460","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we reports on a stable radio frequency (RF) dissemination system via optical fiber. The phase variations caused by fluctuations of the delay length are passively canceled out. The devices of transmitting site and receiving site are integrated into two prototype modules. After transmitted over 80 km commercial telecom fiber link, the measured fractional frequency instability (Allan deviation) of 2.4 GHz RF signal is $7.9times 10^{-17}$ for 10000 s averaging time.","PeriodicalId":180164,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131140643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-01DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2018.8597499
J. Robinson, E. Oelker, W. Zhang, L. Sonderhouse, W. Milner, J. L. Hall, C. Sanner, J. Ye, D. Matei, T. Legero, F. Riehle, U. Sterr
We present the thermal noise limited performance of a cryogenic ultrastable silicon optical cavity operated at 4 K. A three-cornered comparison with two other ultrastable resonantors shows that the 4 K system is largely limited by a flicker frequency floor near $7times 10^{-17}$ for averaging times from 5 seconds to 30 seconds.
{"title":"Silicon Cavity at 4 Kelvin with Thermal Noise Limited Performance","authors":"J. Robinson, E. Oelker, W. Zhang, L. Sonderhouse, W. Milner, J. L. Hall, C. Sanner, J. Ye, D. Matei, T. Legero, F. Riehle, U. Sterr","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2018.8597499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2018.8597499","url":null,"abstract":"We present the thermal noise limited performance of a cryogenic ultrastable silicon optical cavity operated at 4 K. A three-cornered comparison with two other ultrastable resonantors shows that the 4 K system is largely limited by a flicker frequency floor near $7times 10^{-17}$ for averaging times from 5 seconds to 30 seconds.","PeriodicalId":180164,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133274057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-01DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2018.8597512
S. Mulholland, S. Donnellan, G. Barwood, D. Gentle, G. Huang, H. Klein, P. Patel, G. Walsh, P. Baird, P. Gill
A portable microwave clock incorporating laser-cooling of 171Yb+ promises to bring significantly improved performance compared to existing thermal commercial devices. We report on progress in the development of a compact microwave frequency standard designed to fit in a 19-inch rack enclosure that comprises laser, electronics and physics package subsystems. Recent results in which a local oscillator was disciplined by laser-cooled trapped 171Yb+ ions are presented. Preliminary measurements have demonstrated a fractional frequency instability of $1times 10^{-13}$ at 10, 000 s. Potential applications include telecommunications and financial operations time reference systems as well as navigation system integrity.
{"title":"A Portable Microwave Clock Using Laser-Cooled Trapped 171Yb+Ions","authors":"S. Mulholland, S. Donnellan, G. Barwood, D. Gentle, G. Huang, H. Klein, P. Patel, G. Walsh, P. Baird, P. Gill","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2018.8597512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2018.8597512","url":null,"abstract":"A portable microwave clock incorporating laser-cooling of 171Yb+ promises to bring significantly improved performance compared to existing thermal commercial devices. We report on progress in the development of a compact microwave frequency standard designed to fit in a 19-inch rack enclosure that comprises laser, electronics and physics package subsystems. Recent results in which a local oscillator was disciplined by laser-cooled trapped 171Yb+ ions are presented. Preliminary measurements have demonstrated a fractional frequency instability of $1times 10^{-13}$ at 10, 000 s. Potential applications include telecommunications and financial operations time reference systems as well as navigation system integrity.","PeriodicalId":180164,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS)","volume":"152 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132631228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-01DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2018.8597500
Tzu-Hsuan Hsu, Chao-Yu Chen, Chun-You Liu, Ming-Huang Li, Shenz-Shian Li
A low-pressure sealed capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) is presented with a narrow transducer gap (<200 nm) to enable efficient capacitive transduction while a circuit-integration scheme for SNR improvement is implemented based on a tailored titanium nitride composite (TiN-C) monolithic CMOS-MEMS platform [1]. In this study, Parylene-C is selected as an encapsulation material after structural release that not only offers excellent deposition uniformity but also provides proper acoustic impedance for biomedical applications. In this work, a prototyped single-channel DI water-immersed ultrasound receiver consists of a $5times 4$ CMUT array that was composed of $45mumathbf{m}times30mumathbf{m}$ subarray membranes paired with a 20 dB fixed-gain amplifier is characterized using a standard pulser (Olympus 5072PR) and an unfocused ultrasonic probe (Panametrics-NDT C310) at 12 mm distance atop, after data calibration by a hydrophone (ONDA HNR-1000), the TiN-C CMUT exhibits a receiving sensitivity of 2.28 m V IkPa with only 40 V of dc bias.
低压密封电容式微机械超声换能器(CMUT)具有狭窄的换能器间隙(<200 nm)以实现高效的电容换能器，而基于定制化氮化钛复合材料(TiN-C)单片CMOS-MEMS平台实现了提高信噪比的电路集成方案[1]。在本研究中，选择聚苯乙烯- c作为结构释放后的封装材料，不仅具有优异的沉积均匀性，而且为生物医学应用提供了合适的声阻抗。在这项工作中，在水听器(ONDA HNR-1000)进行数据校准后，使用标准脉冲发生器(Olympus 5072PR)和顶部12 mm距离的无聚焦超声探头(Panametrics-NDT C310)对原型单通道DI水浸超声接收器进行了表征，该接收器由$5times 4$ CMUT阵列组成，该阵列由$45mumathbf{m}times30mumathbf{m}$子阵列膜与20 dB固定增益放大器配对。TiN-C CMUT的接收灵敏度为2.28 m V IkPa，直流偏置仅为40 V。
{"title":"A 200-nm-gap Titanium Nitride Composite CMOS-MEMS CMUT for Biomedical Ultrasounds","authors":"Tzu-Hsuan Hsu, Chao-Yu Chen, Chun-You Liu, Ming-Huang Li, Shenz-Shian Li","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2018.8597500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2018.8597500","url":null,"abstract":"A low-pressure sealed capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) is presented with a narrow transducer gap (<200 nm) to enable efficient capacitive transduction while a circuit-integration scheme for SNR improvement is implemented based on a tailored titanium nitride composite (TiN-C) monolithic CMOS-MEMS platform [1]. In this study, Parylene-C is selected as an encapsulation material after structural release that not only offers excellent deposition uniformity but also provides proper acoustic impedance for biomedical applications. In this work, a prototyped single-channel DI water-immersed ultrasound receiver consists of a $5times 4$ CMUT array that was composed of $45mumathbf{m}times30mumathbf{m}$ subarray membranes paired with a 20 dB fixed-gain amplifier is characterized using a standard pulser (Olympus 5072PR) and an unfocused ultrasonic probe (Panametrics-NDT C310) at 12 mm distance atop, after data calibration by a hydrophone (ONDA HNR-1000), the TiN-C CMUT exhibits a receiving sensitivity of 2.28 m V IkPa with only 40 V of dc bias.","PeriodicalId":180164,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS)","volume":"178 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124054743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We demonstrate an approach of cold-atom frequency standard based on the two-photon transition (TPT) in rubidium (Rb), using an Erbium-fiber-based Frequency Comb. By introducing the technique of laser cooling and atoms trapping, our scheme can eliminate most of Doppler-broadening background. The fractional stability of the frequency standard can reach $6times 10-12$ and $4.5times 10-13$ at 1 $mathbf{s}$ and 1000 $mathbf{s}$. This system has many applications, particularly for optical fiber communication.
{"title":"A Cold-Atom Optical Frequency Standard for Optical Fiber Communication by Using an Erbium-Fiber-Based Frequency Comb","authors":"Haoyuan Lu, Jianxiao Leng, Ping Guo, Jianye Zhao, Jianhui Tu, Dayong Chen","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2018.8597467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2018.8597467","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate an approach of cold-atom frequency standard based on the two-photon transition (TPT) in rubidium (Rb), using an Erbium-fiber-based Frequency Comb. By introducing the technique of laser cooling and atoms trapping, our scheme can eliminate most of Doppler-broadening background. The fractional stability of the frequency standard can reach $6times 10-12$ and $4.5times 10-13$ at 1 $mathbf{s}$ and 1000 $mathbf{s}$. This system has many applications, particularly for optical fiber communication.","PeriodicalId":180164,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129695340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-01DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2018.8597581
Janna Rodriguez, G. Vukasin, G. M. Glaze, M. Hopcroft, Lizmarie Comenencia Ortiz, C. Ahn, E. Ng, Woosung Park, T. Kenny, C. Watson
The aim of this study is to investigate the behavior of the thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) of silicon at different crystallographic orientations through studies of the quality factor, Q, over a wide range of temperatures. We investigate how the observed effects of CTE may deviate from the expected isotropic behavior due to irregularities of fabrication, or because of the influence of doping or other effects.
{"title":"Investigation of Orientation Dependence of the Thermal Expansion Coefficient in Silicon MEMS Resonators","authors":"Janna Rodriguez, G. Vukasin, G. M. Glaze, M. Hopcroft, Lizmarie Comenencia Ortiz, C. Ahn, E. Ng, Woosung Park, T. Kenny, C. Watson","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2018.8597581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2018.8597581","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to investigate the behavior of the thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) of silicon at different crystallographic orientations through studies of the quality factor, Q, over a wide range of temperatures. We investigate how the observed effects of CTE may deviate from the expected isotropic behavior due to irregularities of fabrication, or because of the influence of doping or other effects.","PeriodicalId":180164,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129893504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We built a 420nm interference filter configuration external cavity diode laser with a Lorentzian linewidth of 24kHz. Taking the transition line of 85Rb 5S1l2 F=3→6P3/2 F'=4 as reference, we directly stabilized the laser frequency on the reference employing the excellent-performance modulation transfer spectroscopy locking technique and fast feedback mechanism. The frequency fluctuation amplitude of the locked residual error signal is about 100Hz. According to the residual error signal, we evaluated the stability of the Rb-referenced 420nm optical frequency standard system which is $4.1times 10^{-15}/sqrt{tau}$, showing a great superiority among all compact optical frequency standards in the absence of Pound-Drever-Hall (PDH) frequency stabilization system. This ultra-stable 420nm diode laser system is a good candidate of pumping light source for 1367nm Rb four-level active optical frequency standard.
{"title":"Development of Ultra-Stable Rb-Referenced 420nm Optical Frequency Standard","authors":"Shengnan Zhang, Pengyuan Chang, Haosen Shang, Jingbiao Chen","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2018.8597546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2018.8597546","url":null,"abstract":"We built a 420nm interference filter configuration external cavity diode laser with a Lorentzian linewidth of 24kHz. Taking the transition line of 85Rb 5S1l2 F=3→6P3/2 F'=4 as reference, we directly stabilized the laser frequency on the reference employing the excellent-performance modulation transfer spectroscopy locking technique and fast feedback mechanism. The frequency fluctuation amplitude of the locked residual error signal is about 100Hz. According to the residual error signal, we evaluated the stability of the Rb-referenced 420nm optical frequency standard system which is $4.1times 10^{-15}/sqrt{tau}$, showing a great superiority among all compact optical frequency standards in the absence of Pound-Drever-Hall (PDH) frequency stabilization system. This ultra-stable 420nm diode laser system is a good candidate of pumping light source for 1367nm Rb four-level active optical frequency standard.","PeriodicalId":180164,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS)","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128609599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-01DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2018.8597490
Chun Zhao, G. Sobreviela, Milind S. Pandit, Arif Mustafazade, S. Du, X. Zou, A. Seshia
In this paper, we present a resonant MEMS accelerometer (RXL) using AC polarization voltage as an alternative to the existing DC polarization schemes. By making full use of the intrinsic frequency mixing property of a parallel plate capacitive transducer, we are able to down-convert the oscillation frequency to 10kHz, an order of magnitude lower than the resonator's intrinsic first fundamental mode frequency of 157.5kHz in contrast to the standard approach relying only on a DC polarization voltage. With this approach, a minimum bias stability of $5.9mu mathrm{g}$ has been achieved at an integration time of 0.2s, and the noise floor is $1.7mu mathrm{g}mathbf{Hz}^{1/2}$. Compared to DC polarized configuration, the improvement in bias stability and noise floor is 1.7 times and 2 times respectively.
{"title":"A Resonant MEMS Accelerometer Utilizing AC Polarization","authors":"Chun Zhao, G. Sobreviela, Milind S. Pandit, Arif Mustafazade, S. Du, X. Zou, A. Seshia","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2018.8597490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2018.8597490","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present a resonant MEMS accelerometer (RXL) using AC polarization voltage as an alternative to the existing DC polarization schemes. By making full use of the intrinsic frequency mixing property of a parallel plate capacitive transducer, we are able to down-convert the oscillation frequency to 10kHz, an order of magnitude lower than the resonator's intrinsic first fundamental mode frequency of 157.5kHz in contrast to the standard approach relying only on a DC polarization voltage. With this approach, a minimum bias stability of $5.9mu mathrm{g}$ has been achieved at an integration time of 0.2s, and the noise floor is $1.7mu mathrm{g}mathbf{Hz}^{1/2}$. Compared to DC polarized configuration, the improvement in bias stability and noise floor is 1.7 times and 2 times respectively.","PeriodicalId":180164,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129990692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-01DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2018.8597576
Amin Abbasalipour, Varun Kumar, A. Ramezany, S. Pourkamali
This work presents implementation of electro-thermally actuated MEMS resonators in a standard CMOS process via addition of a few mask-less post-processing steps. The resonators are made of CMOS interconnect metal (Aluminum and Tungsten) and insulation layers (silicon dioxide) and utilize two sets of electrically isolated metal double layers for thermal actuation and piezoresistive readout. The oxide layers within the resonator structures lead to an improved temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) of −2.7 ppm/°C, (~10X better than silicon). The fabricated resonators were embedded in a custom-made miniature aerosol impactor collecting and measuring the mass concentration of airborne particulates. Tests performed on air samples from different sources with different particle mass concentrations ranging from 0.014-0.085 μg/m3 show a clear correlation between the mass balance frequency shifts and the expected particle concentrations.
{"title":"Thermal Piezoresistive Resonant Mass Balance Implemented in a Standard CMOS Process","authors":"Amin Abbasalipour, Varun Kumar, A. Ramezany, S. Pourkamali","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2018.8597576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2018.8597576","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents implementation of electro-thermally actuated MEMS resonators in a standard CMOS process via addition of a few mask-less post-processing steps. The resonators are made of CMOS interconnect metal (Aluminum and Tungsten) and insulation layers (silicon dioxide) and utilize two sets of electrically isolated metal double layers for thermal actuation and piezoresistive readout. The oxide layers within the resonator structures lead to an improved temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) of −2.7 ppm/°C, (~10X better than silicon). The fabricated resonators were embedded in a custom-made miniature aerosol impactor collecting and measuring the mass concentration of airborne particulates. Tests performed on air samples from different sources with different particle mass concentrations ranging from 0.014-0.085 μg/m3 show a clear correlation between the mass balance frequency shifts and the expected particle concentrations.","PeriodicalId":180164,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129167751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-01DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2018.8597461
M. Giunta, W. Hänsel, M. Lessing, M. Lezius, M. Fischer, R. Holzwarth, X. Xie, R. Bouchand, D. Nicolodi, Y. Lecoq, P. Tremblin, G. Santarelli, S. Datta, A. Joshi
We present the progress towards a transportable photonic microwave synthesizer, porting ultra-high optical stability to a 12 GHz signal. The system is composed of two main sub-units: a 194 THz transportable ultra-stable laser with sub-Hz linewidth and an ultra-low noise optical frequency comb used for dividing such optical frequency to the microwave domain. Characterizing the signal by means of a self-made cross-correlator, a phase noise power spectral density of −170 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz Fourier frequency is measured. This result surpasses the performance demonstrated with transportable Cryogenic Sapphire Oscillator.
{"title":"Field-deployable Photonic Microwave Synthesizer","authors":"M. Giunta, W. Hänsel, M. Lessing, M. Lezius, M. Fischer, R. Holzwarth, X. Xie, R. Bouchand, D. Nicolodi, Y. Lecoq, P. Tremblin, G. Santarelli, S. Datta, A. Joshi","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2018.8597461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2018.8597461","url":null,"abstract":"We present the progress towards a transportable photonic microwave synthesizer, porting ultra-high optical stability to a 12 GHz signal. The system is composed of two main sub-units: a 194 THz transportable ultra-stable laser with sub-Hz linewidth and an ultra-low noise optical frequency comb used for dividing such optical frequency to the microwave domain. Characterizing the signal by means of a self-made cross-correlator, a phase noise power spectral density of −170 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz Fourier frequency is measured. This result surpasses the performance demonstrated with transportable Cryogenic Sapphire Oscillator.","PeriodicalId":180164,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126069244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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