Pub Date : 2024-05-27DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01462-w
Hyeongmun Kim, Chul Kang, Dogeun Jang, Yulan Roh, Sang Hwa Lee, Joong Wook Lee, Jae Hee Sung, Seong Ku Lee, Ki-Yong Kim
Terahertz (THz) waves, known as non-ionizing radiation owing to their low photon energies, can actually ionize atoms and molecules when a sufficiently large number of THz photons are concentrated in time and space. Here, we demonstrate the generation of ionizing, multicycle, 15-THz waves emitted from large-area lithium niobate crystals via phase-matched optical rectification of 150-terawatt laser pulses. A complete characterization of the generated THz waves in energy, pulse duration, and focal spot size shows that the field strength can reach up to 260 megavolts per centimeter. In particular, a single-shot THz interferometer is employed to measure the THz pulse duration and spectrum with complementary numerical simulations. Such intense THz pulses are irradiated onto various solid targets to demonstrate THz-induced tunneling ionization and plasma formation. This study also discusses the potential of nonperturbative THz-driven ionization in gases, which will open up new opportunities, including nonlinear and relativistic THz physics in plasma.
{"title":"Ionizing terahertz waves with 260 MV/cm from scalable optical rectification","authors":"Hyeongmun Kim, Chul Kang, Dogeun Jang, Yulan Roh, Sang Hwa Lee, Joong Wook Lee, Jae Hee Sung, Seong Ku Lee, Ki-Yong Kim","doi":"10.1038/s41377-024-01462-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-024-01462-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Terahertz (THz) waves, known as non-ionizing radiation owing to their low photon energies, can actually ionize atoms and molecules when a sufficiently large number of THz photons are concentrated in time and space. Here, we demonstrate the generation of ionizing, multicycle, 15-THz waves emitted from large-area lithium niobate crystals via phase-matched optical rectification of 150-terawatt laser pulses. A complete characterization of the generated THz waves in energy, pulse duration, and focal spot size shows that the field strength can reach up to 260 megavolts per centimeter. In particular, a single-shot THz interferometer is employed to measure the THz pulse duration and spectrum with complementary numerical simulations. Such intense THz pulses are irradiated onto various solid targets to demonstrate THz-induced tunneling ionization and plasma formation. This study also discusses the potential of nonperturbative THz-driven ionization in gases, which will open up new opportunities, including nonlinear and relativistic THz physics in plasma.</p>","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141156723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-22DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01434-0
Ji Wang
Qu Yuan, a renowned ancient Chinese poet, once pondered in his work Heavenly Inquiry: “If the sun’s light is absent, from where does the radiance of the Hero Flower emanate?” The ability to see clearly in the darkest of nights has long been a sought-after magical power by humans. It holds not only immense technological significance for computer vision and remote sensing but also profound implications for transcending the dichotomy between day and night in our daily lives. Professor Fanglin Bao from Westlake University has made significant breakthroughs in this field, bringing us closer to a world where we can transform night into day. His groundbreaking research on Heat-Assisted Detection and Ranging (HADAR) and night vision was featured as the cover story in Nature on July 26, 2023.
For this issue of “Light People”, Professor Fanglin Bao will share his research journey and the captivating story behind HADAR.
{"title":"Light People: Professor Fanglin Bao and his cover story","authors":"Ji Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41377-024-01434-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-024-01434-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Qu Yuan, a renowned ancient Chinese poet, once pondered in his work <i>Heavenly Inquiry</i>: “If the sun’s light is absent, from where does the radiance of the Hero Flower emanate?” The ability to see clearly in the darkest of nights has long been a sought-after magical power by humans. It holds not only immense technological significance for computer vision and remote sensing but also profound implications for transcending the dichotomy between day and night in our daily lives. Professor Fanglin Bao from Westlake University has made significant breakthroughs in this field, bringing us closer to a world where we can transform night into day. His groundbreaking research on Heat-Assisted Detection and Ranging (HADAR) and night vision was featured as the cover story in <i>Nature</i> on July 26, 2023.</p><p>For this issue of “Light People”, Professor Fanglin Bao will share his research journey and the captivating story behind HADAR.</p>","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141079045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Quantum-confined CsPbBr3 perovskites are promising blue emitters for ultra-high-definition displays, but their soft lattice caused by highly ionic nature has a limited stability. Here, we endow CsPbBr3 nanoplatelets (NPLs) with atomic crystal-like structural rigidity through proper surface engineering, by using strongly bound N-dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA). A stable, rigid crystal structure, as well as uniform, orderly-arranged surface of these NPLs is achieved by optimizing intermediate reaction stage, by switching from molecular clusters to mono-octahedra, while interaction with DBSA resulted in formation of a CsxO monolayer shell capping the NPL surface. As a result, both structural and optical stability of the CsPbBr3 NPLs is enhanced by strong covalent bonding of DBSA, which inhibits undesired phase transitions and decomposition of the perovskite phase potentially caused by ligand desorption. Moreover, rather small amount of DBSA ligands at the NPL surface results in a short inter-NPL spacing in their closely-packed films, which facilitates efficient charge injection and transport. Blue photoluminescence of the produced CsPbBr3 NPLs is bright (nearly unity emission quantum yield) and peaks at 457 nm with an extremely narrow bandwidth of 3.7 nm at 80 K, while the bandwidth of the electroluminescence (peaked at 460 nm) also reaches a record-narrow value of 15 nm at room temperature. This value corresponds to the CIE coordinates of (0.141, 0.062), which meets Rec. 2020 standards for ultra-high-definition displays.
{"title":"Enhancing crystal integrity and structural rigidity of CsPbBr3 nanoplatelets to achieve a narrow color-saturated blue emission","authors":"Qianqian Huang, Wenxu Yin, Bo Gao, Qingsen Zeng, Dong Yao, Hao Zhang, Yinghe Zhao, Weijia Zheng, Jiaqi Zhang, Xuyong Yang, Xiaoyu Zhang, Andrey L. Rogach","doi":"10.1038/s41377-024-01441-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-024-01441-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Quantum-confined CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> perovskites are promising blue emitters for ultra-high-definition displays, but their soft lattice caused by highly ionic nature has a limited stability. Here, we endow CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> nanoplatelets (NPLs) with atomic crystal-like structural rigidity through proper surface engineering, by using strongly bound N-dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA). A stable, rigid crystal structure, as well as uniform, orderly-arranged surface of these NPLs is achieved by optimizing intermediate reaction stage, by switching from molecular clusters to mono-octahedra, while interaction with DBSA resulted in formation of a Cs<sub>x</sub>O monolayer shell capping the NPL surface. As a result, both structural and optical stability of the CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> NPLs is enhanced by strong covalent bonding of DBSA, which inhibits undesired phase transitions and decomposition of the perovskite phase potentially caused by ligand desorption. Moreover, rather small amount of DBSA ligands at the NPL surface results in a short inter-NPL spacing in their closely-packed films, which facilitates efficient charge injection and transport. Blue photoluminescence of the produced CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> NPLs is bright (nearly unity emission quantum yield) and peaks at 457 nm with an extremely narrow bandwidth of 3.7 nm at 80 K, while the bandwidth of the electroluminescence (peaked at 460 nm) also reaches a record-narrow value of 15 nm at room temperature. This value corresponds to the CIE coordinates of (0.141, 0.062), which meets Rec. 2020 standards for ultra-high-definition displays.</p>","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140907215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-09DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01443-z
Anouar Rahmouni, Ruixuan Wang, Jingwei Li, Xiao Tang, Thomas Gerrits, Oliver Slattery, Qing Li, Lijun Ma
Entanglement plays a vital role in quantum information processing. Owing to its unique material properties, silicon carbide recently emerged as a promising candidate for the scalable implementation of advanced quantum information processing capabilities. To date, however, only entanglement of nuclear spins has been reported in silicon carbide, while an entangled photon source, whether it is based on bulk or chip-scale technologies, has remained elusive. Here, we report the demonstration of an entangled photon source in an integrated silicon carbide platform for the first time. Specifically, strongly correlated photon pairs are efficiently generated at the telecom C-band wavelength through implementing spontaneous four-wave mixing in a compact microring resonator in the 4H-silicon-carbide-on-insulator platform. The maximum coincidence-to-accidental ratio exceeds 600 at a pump power of 0.17 mW, corresponding to a pair generation rate of (9 ± 1) × 103 pairs/s. Energy-time entanglement is created and verified for such signal-idler photon pairs, with the two-photon interference fringes exhibiting a visibility larger than 99%. The heralded single-photon properties are also measured, with the heralded g(2)(0) on the order of 10−3, demonstrating the SiC platform as a prospective fully integrated, complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor compatible single-photon source for quantum applications.
{"title":"Entangled photon pair generation in an integrated SiC platform","authors":"Anouar Rahmouni, Ruixuan Wang, Jingwei Li, Xiao Tang, Thomas Gerrits, Oliver Slattery, Qing Li, Lijun Ma","doi":"10.1038/s41377-024-01443-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-024-01443-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Entanglement plays a vital role in quantum information processing. Owing to its unique material properties, silicon carbide recently emerged as a promising candidate for the scalable implementation of advanced quantum information processing capabilities. To date, however, only entanglement of nuclear spins has been reported in silicon carbide, while an entangled photon source, whether it is based on bulk or chip-scale technologies, has remained elusive. Here, we report the demonstration of an entangled photon source in an integrated silicon carbide platform for the first time. Specifically, strongly correlated photon pairs are efficiently generated at the telecom C-band wavelength through implementing spontaneous four-wave mixing in a compact microring resonator in the 4H-silicon-carbide-on-insulator platform. The maximum coincidence-to-accidental ratio exceeds 600 at a pump power of 0.17 mW, corresponding to a pair generation rate of (9 ± 1) × 10<sup>3</sup> pairs/s. Energy-time entanglement is created and verified for such signal-idler photon pairs, with the two-photon interference fringes exhibiting a visibility larger than 99%. The heralded single-photon properties are also measured, with the heralded <i>g</i><sup>(2)</sup>(0) on the order of 10<sup>−3</sup>, demonstrating the SiC platform as a prospective fully integrated, complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor compatible single-photon source for quantum applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140895563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-08DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01444-y
Yasmina Azamoum, Georg Alexander Becker, Sebastian Keppler, Guillaume Duchateau, Stefan Skupin, Mickael Grech, Fabrice Catoire, Sebastian Hell, Issa Tamer, Marco Hornung, Marco Hellwing, Alexander Kessler, Franck Schorcht, Malte Christoph Kaluza
Understanding the solid target dynamics resulting from the interaction with an ultrashort laser pulse is a challenging fundamental multi-physics problem involving atomic and solid-state physics, plasma physics, and laser physics. Knowledge of the initial interplay of the underlying processes is essential to many applications ranging from low-power laser regimes like laser-induced ablation to high-power laser regimes like laser-driven ion acceleration. Accessing the properties of the so-called pre-plasma formed as the laser pulse’s rising edge ionizes the target is complicated from the theoretical and experimental point of view, and many aspects of this laser-induced transition from solid to overdense plasma over picosecond timescales are still open questions. On the one hand, laser-driven ion acceleration requires precise control of the pre-plasma because the efficiency of the acceleration process crucially depends on the target properties at the arrival of the relativistic intensity peak of the pulse. On the other hand, efficient laser ablation requires, for example, preventing the so-called “plasma shielding”. By capturing the dynamics of the initial stage of the interaction, we report on a detailed visualization of the pre-plasma formation and evolution. Nanometer-thin diamond-like carbon foils are shown to transition from solid to plasma during the laser rising edge with intensities < 1016 W/cm². Single-shot near-infrared probe transmission measurements evidence sub-picosecond dynamics of an expanding plasma with densities above 1023 cm−3 (about 100 times the critical plasma density). The complementarity of a solid-state interaction model and kinetic plasma description provides deep insight into the interplay of initial ionization, collisions, and expansion.
{"title":"Optical probing of ultrafast laser-induced solid-to-overdense-plasma transitions","authors":"Yasmina Azamoum, Georg Alexander Becker, Sebastian Keppler, Guillaume Duchateau, Stefan Skupin, Mickael Grech, Fabrice Catoire, Sebastian Hell, Issa Tamer, Marco Hornung, Marco Hellwing, Alexander Kessler, Franck Schorcht, Malte Christoph Kaluza","doi":"10.1038/s41377-024-01444-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-024-01444-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding the solid target dynamics resulting from the interaction with an ultrashort laser pulse is a challenging fundamental multi-physics problem involving atomic and solid-state physics, plasma physics, and laser physics. Knowledge of the initial interplay of the underlying processes is essential to many applications ranging from low-power laser regimes like laser-induced ablation to high-power laser regimes like laser-driven ion acceleration. Accessing the properties of the so-called pre-plasma formed as the laser pulse’s rising edge ionizes the target is complicated from the theoretical and experimental point of view, and many aspects of this laser-induced transition from solid to overdense plasma over picosecond timescales are still open questions. On the one hand, laser-driven ion acceleration requires precise control of the pre-plasma because the efficiency of the acceleration process crucially depends on the target properties at the arrival of the relativistic intensity peak of the pulse. On the other hand, efficient laser ablation requires, for example, preventing the so-called “plasma shielding”. By capturing the dynamics of the initial stage of the interaction, we report on a detailed visualization of the pre-plasma formation and evolution. Nanometer-thin diamond-like carbon foils are shown to transition from solid to plasma during the laser rising edge with intensities < 10<sup>16</sup> W/cm². Single-shot near-infrared probe transmission measurements evidence sub-picosecond dynamics of an expanding plasma with densities above 10<sup>23</sup> cm<sup>−3</sup> (about 100 times the critical plasma density). The complementarity of a solid-state interaction model and kinetic plasma description provides deep insight into the interplay of initial ionization, collisions, and expansion.</p>","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140890528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-07DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01449-7
Markus Suta
An ultra-simple and miniaturized spectrometer using an arbitrarily shaped pinhole as diffraction element reconstructs a broadband spectrum from the information of diffraction of monochromatic radiation by clever computational reconstruction algorithms. This circumvents complex calibration procedures and paves the way to cost-effective on-chip spectrometers combining fast acquisition without significant loss in spectral resolution.
{"title":"Small and simple: next-generation miniaturized diffraction-based spectrometer with computational reconstruction algorithms","authors":"Markus Suta","doi":"10.1038/s41377-024-01449-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-024-01449-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An ultra-simple and miniaturized spectrometer using an arbitrarily shaped pinhole as diffraction element reconstructs a broadband spectrum from the information of diffraction of monochromatic radiation by clever computational reconstruction algorithms. This circumvents complex calibration procedures and paves the way to cost-effective on-chip spectrometers combining fast acquisition without significant loss in spectral resolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140845045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-07DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01454-w
Xiaoyan Zheng, Shuai Na
A miniaturized photoacoustic fiberscope has been developed, featuring a lateral resolution of 9 microns and a lightweight design at 4.5 grams. Engineered to capture hemodynamic processes at single-blood-vessel resolution at a rate of 0.2 Hz, this device represents an advancement in head-mounted tools for exploring intricate brain activities in mobile animals.
{"title":"A head-mounted photoacoustic fiberscope for hemodynamic imaging in mobile mice","authors":"Xiaoyan Zheng, Shuai Na","doi":"10.1038/s41377-024-01454-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-024-01454-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A miniaturized photoacoustic fiberscope has been developed, featuring a lateral resolution of 9 microns and a lightweight design at 4.5 grams. Engineered to capture hemodynamic processes at single-blood-vessel resolution at a rate of 0.2 Hz, this device represents an advancement in head-mounted tools for exploring intricate brain activities in mobile animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140845306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-06DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01460-y
Zhengzhong Huang, Liangcai Cao
A deep neural network for non-orthogonal input channel encoding is proposed to recover speckle images through a multimode fiber. This novel approach could shed new light on the non-orthogonal optical multiplexing over a scattering medium.
{"title":"Deep learning sheds new light on non-orthogonal optical multiplexing","authors":"Zhengzhong Huang, Liangcai Cao","doi":"10.1038/s41377-024-01460-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-024-01460-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A deep neural network for non-orthogonal input channel encoding is proposed to recover speckle images through a multimode fiber. This novel approach could shed new light on the non-orthogonal optical multiplexing over a scattering medium.</p>","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140845218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-06DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01429-x
Chi Li, Haoran Ren
A see-through augmented reality prototype has been developed based on an ultrathin nanoimprint metalens array, opening up a full-colour, video-rate, and low-cost 3D near-eye display.
{"title":"Beyond the lab: a nanoimprint metalens array-based augmented reality","authors":"Chi Li, Haoran Ren","doi":"10.1038/s41377-024-01429-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-024-01429-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A see-through augmented reality prototype has been developed based on an ultrathin nanoimprint metalens array, opening up a full-colour, video-rate, and low-cost 3D near-eye display.</p>","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140845329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-06DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01451-z
Ying Han, Bo Gao, Honglin Wen, Chunyang Ma, Jiayu Huo, Yingying Li, Luyao Zhou, Qi Li, Ge Wu, Lie Liu
Temporal solitons have been the focus of much research due to their fascinating physical properties. These solitons can form bound states, which are fundamentally crucial modes in fiber laser and present striking analogies with their matter molecules counterparts, which means they have potential applications in large-capacity transmission and all-optical information storage. Although traditionally, second-order dispersion has been the dominant dispersion for conventional solitons, recent experimental and theoretical research has shown that pure-high-even-order dispersion (PHEOD) solitons with energy-width scaling can arise from the interaction of arbitrary negative-even-order dispersion and Kerr nonlinearity. Despite these advancements, research on the bound states of PHEOD solitons is currently non-existent. In this study, we obtained PHEOD bound solitons in a fiber laser using an intra-cavity spectral pulse shaper for high-order dispersion management. Specifically, we experimentally demonstrate the existence of PHEOD solitons and PHEOD bound solitons with pure-quartic, -sextic, -octic, and -decic dispersion. Numerical simulations corroborate these experimental observations. Furthermore, vibrating phase PHEOD bound soliton pairs, sliding phase PHEOD bound soliton pairs, and hybrid phase PHEOD bound tri-soliton are discovered and characterized. These results broaden the fundamental understanding of solitons and show the universality of multi-soliton patterns.
{"title":"Pure-high-even-order dispersion bound solitons complexes in ultra-fast fiber lasers","authors":"Ying Han, Bo Gao, Honglin Wen, Chunyang Ma, Jiayu Huo, Yingying Li, Luyao Zhou, Qi Li, Ge Wu, Lie Liu","doi":"10.1038/s41377-024-01451-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-024-01451-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Temporal solitons have been the focus of much research due to their fascinating physical properties. These solitons can form bound states, which are fundamentally crucial modes in fiber laser and present striking analogies with their matter molecules counterparts, which means they have potential applications in large-capacity transmission and all-optical information storage. Although traditionally, second-order dispersion has been the dominant dispersion for conventional solitons, recent experimental and theoretical research has shown that pure-high-even-order dispersion (PHEOD) solitons with energy-width scaling can arise from the interaction of arbitrary negative-even-order dispersion and Kerr nonlinearity. Despite these advancements, research on the bound states of PHEOD solitons is currently non-existent. In this study, we obtained PHEOD bound solitons in a fiber laser using an intra-cavity spectral pulse shaper for high-order dispersion management. Specifically, we experimentally demonstrate the existence of PHEOD solitons and PHEOD bound solitons with pure-quartic, -sextic, -octic, and -decic dispersion. Numerical simulations corroborate these experimental observations. Furthermore, vibrating phase PHEOD bound soliton pairs, sliding phase PHEOD bound soliton pairs, and hybrid phase PHEOD bound tri-soliton are discovered and characterized. These results broaden the fundamental understanding of solitons and show the universality of multi-soliton patterns.</p>","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140845249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}