Lipids最新文献

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors represent a novel approach for reducing cholesterol and, accordingly, the burden of atherosclerosis. However, limited data are available regarding the possible effects of PCSK9 inhibitors on atherosclerotic plaque. To evaluate the efficacy of PCSK9 inhibitors in reducing carotid plaque progression in individuals with high-risk carotid atherosclerotic disease. We used carotid total plaque area (TPA) to assess the burden of atherosclerosis. Ultrasound imaging of the carotid was acquired before and after the initiation of PCSK9 inhibitor therapy. We selected high-risk cases with atherosclerosis with a minimum of three ultrasound examinations, 1 year before, one at the time of initiation of a PCSK9 inhibitor, and 1 year after initiating a PCSK9 inhibitor. Statistical analysis was conducted using the mixed-effects model with Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML). We reviewed data from 131 patients with a mean follow-up of 6 (±4) years. Patients were high-risk, with the majority having diabetes or hypertension. There was a decrease in TPA, particularly during the first 3 years after initiating PCSK9 inhibitor therapy (p < 0.05). Furthermore, we observed that individuals with higher baseline serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels experienced a greater decline in TPA (p < 0.05). PCSK9 inhibitors are effective in achieving plaque regression in high-risk patients with atherosclerosis. This is important, as plaque regression is associated with a lower risk of stroke, myocardial infarction, or vascular death.

The triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) and the triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein ratio (TG/HDL-c) are novel indicators for assessing insulin resistance (IR) in epidemiological studies. This study aimed to evaluate the association between 25-hydroxy-vitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and these two indicators in the adult population of the United States. 14,380 participants aged 20 years and older were included from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Multivariable linear regression models were used to analyze the association between 25(OH)D and TyG, as well as TG/HDL-c. Smooth fitting curves were employed to identify potential non-linear relationships between 25(OH)D, TyG, and TG/HDL-c. The findings revealed a negative association between 25(OH)D and TyG, with the effect being more pronounced in males and individuals with diabetes (p < 0.01). Similarly, 25(OH)D was negatively associated with TG/HDL-c, with a stronger impact observed in males compared to females. The study population was divided into four quartiles based on 25(OH)D concentration, and TyG and TG/HDL-c levels in Q3 and Q4 were lower than those in Q1. Furthermore, a non-linear relationship was observed between 25(OH)D and TyG, with an inflection point at 19.352 ng/mL. A non-linear relationship was also found between TG/HDL-c and 25(OH)D, with an inflection point at 37.211 ng/mL. 25(OH)D is an independent factor significantly associated with TyG and TG/HDL-c indexes. This negative association may be related to the role of 25(OH)D in insulin resistance.

The order Rodentia comprises nearly 45% of all extant taxa, currently organized into 31 living families, some 450 genera, and roughly 2010 species (Kelt & Patton, 2020). Considering that rodents began evolving at least 66 million years ago, it is not surprising that they have diversified into five distinct suborders. With the advent of molecular biology, this difference can often be seen at the molecular level as well. Previous studies have indicated that the apolipoprotein E (APOE) of guinea pigs, belonging to the suborder Hystricomorpha, have fewer amino acids than have been reported for other suborders of Rodentia. Searching the genomic database for hystricomorph APOE genes, it was found that hystricomorphs were missing residues both in the vicinity of the hinge region and in the lipid-binding region of the apolipoprotein. In the hinge region, missing residues varied between 5 and 3, and in the latter region, seven residues were missing. The search also revealed that castorimorphs, although lacking the smaller of the two deletions, were also missing the same seven residue deletion as found in APOE of the hystricomorphs.

Non-communicable diseases (NCD) are associated with inflammation and oxidative stress which is further associated with omega-6 (ω6) and omega-3 (ω3) fatty acid (FA) imbalance favoring ω6 FA. By improving ω3 FA consumption, this imbalance can be altered to control NCD. Previously we have reported blends of flaxseed oil (FSO, ω3 FA) with palm olein (PO) or coconut oil (CO) were thermo-oxidatively stable with good storage stability and could improve ω6:ω3 ratio in cell lines. In the present study safety of these blends along with their efficacy to improve tissue FA composition particularly ω6:ω3 ratio was evaluated in Wistar rats. Institutional ethics committee approval was obtained initially. Wistar rats were supplemented with individual oils or blends (FSO with PO or CO, 20:80 by volume, 1.0 mL/day/200 gm body weight) for 3 months. Throughout the study period, there were no adverse effect of blends on feed intake and body weight gain. After 3 months, blood and serum were subjected for hematological, biochemical assessment. Vital organs were harvested for histopathological and FA composition investigations. Hematological, biochemical, and tissue histopathological parameters were comparable with Control (group receiving only normal diet). Interestingly serum lipid profile was improved by the blend supplementation. Except brain, FA composition was altered in liver, heart, adipose tissue, and RBC with lowering of ω6:ω3 ratio but there was no favorable effect on inflammatory markers and adipokines in the blend supplemented groups. Thus, to conclude, FSO blends with PO or CO were able to lower tissue ω6:ω3 ratio without adverse effects.

To examine the associations of apolipoprotein E (APOE) carrier status and lipid profiles with sleep disorders, including excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and probable rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (pRBD), among patients with early Parkinson's disease (PD) over 5-year follow-up periods. The Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative is a multicenter cohort study based on an ongoing and open-ended registry. Data from baseline and 5-year follow-up visits from participants of de novo PD were analyzed. Longitudinal associations of APOE carrier status and lipid profiles with sleep disorders were estimated via linear mixed-effects models. A total of 657 participants with complete APOE genotypes were enrolled at baseline. Among them, 153 (25.3%) had available lipid profiles at baseline. In the linear mixed-effects models, baseline APOE ε2/ε3/ε4 carrier status did not exhibit significant associations with EDS and pRBD (all p > 0.05) in all models. However, reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and elevated triglycerides (TG) were associated with developing EDS (β = −0.04, 95% CI: −0.07, −0.00) and pRBD (β = 0.01, 95% CI: 0.00, 0.02) in PD patients, respectively. In the APOE ε4+ subgroup, decreased HDL and increased TG displayed substantial associations with developing EDS and sleep disorders (all p < 0.05) in all models, respectively, whereas no significant differences were noted in the APOE ε4− subgroup (all p > 0.05). Our study did not demonstrate a clear association between APOE ε2/ε3/ε4 and sleep disorders in PD patients. However, the presence of APOE ε4 was associated with changes in lipid profiles, notably affecting TG and HDL levels.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Rapid diagnostic tools are crucial for timely intervention, especially in high-risk groups such as truck drivers. In Brazil, the Mission® test uniquely offers test strips for simultaneous measurement of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). This study evaluates the accuracy of the Mission® analyzer compared to laboratory testing for HDL-C, TG, and TC in truck drivers. A blinded cross-sectional study was conducted among truck drivers aged 30–64 in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Spearman correlation, linear regression, and the Bland–Altman analyses were employed to compare lipid profile results between the Mission® analyzer and laboratory methods. A total of 108 samples were analyzed. For HDL, the Mission® analyzer showed a sensitivity of 0.88, a specificity of 0.67, and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.77 (95% CI: 0.68–0.86). For TG, sensitivity and specificity were 0.96 and 0.98, respectively, with an AUC of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.93–1.0). For TC, the AUC was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.79–0.95). Bland–Altman analysis revealed biases of −4.5 for HDL, 12.4 for TC, and −42.8 for TG between Mission® and laboratory results. The Mission® analyzer demonstrates good accuracy for rapid dyslipidemia diagnosis and Framingham Global Risk Score calculation. It is a valuable tool for initial screening and risk assessment, confirmation with laboratory testing is recommended for definitive diagnosis and treatment planning.

Phospholipid (PL) is an essential nutrient that has vital effects on growth, stress resistance, and early development in marine fish larvae. In this regard, a 30-day feeding experiment was conducted in order to examine the effects of live prey enrichment with graded levels of soy lecithin (SL) on some physiological responses of Acanthopagrus latus larvae. Four experimental emulsion levels of SL were used to enrich rotifer and Artemia including very low (2%, N-Nil), low (4%, L), medium (8%, M), and high (12%, H). Newly hatched larvae were distributed into 12,250-L cylindrical tanks with an initial density of 15,000 larvae in each tank that was supplied with natural seawater (23 ± 1°C; 40.0 ± 1.0 g L⁻¹). Larvae fed live prey enriched with 4% SL significantly had higher wet weight gain than other treatments. Air exposure and osmotic activity tests were also performed to detect larval resistance to stress. Larvae fed live prey enriched with 8% and 12% SL had higher survival compared to the other two groups. The accumulation of arachidonic (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was increased in the whole body of larvae fed high SL-supplemented live prey. Alkaline phosphatase and aminopeptidase N activities in the guts brush border membrane of larvae in M and H groups were higher than other treatments. The trypsin and chymotrypsin activities in the N group were lower than in other groups. The highest and lowest amylase activities were in the H and N groups, respectively. The activity of catalase in the whole body of the M group was higher than the N group and the glutathione reductase activity was significantly increased in the M and L groups compared to the N and H groups. Total antioxidant capacity in the whole body of larvae in the N group was lower than in the other treatments. In summary, moderate levels of SL (4%–8%) are suggested for the enrichment of live prey in A. latus.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence after cardioversion is common, and inflammation plays a critical role in its pathophysiology. We aimed to elucidate the predictive role of the ratio of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to c-reactive protein (HDL-C/CRP) as an inflammatory marker in AF recurrence after electrical cardioversion (ECV). We analyzed patients who underwent elective ECV for atrial fibrillation between June 2020 and December 2023. Baseline levels of HDL-C and CRP were obtained. Ninety-six patients were included. The median age was 59 years, and 48% were female. Atrial fibrillation recurred after ECV in 56 patients (58%). In the AF recurrence group, CHA₂DS₂-VASc score was higher (2 [1–3] vs. 1[0–2]; p = 0.013), left atrial diameter was larger (43 ± 5 vs. 40 ± 6 mm; p = 0.015), and HDL-C/CRP ratio was lower (5.6 [2.7–13.0] vs. 14.0 [4.8–38.0]; p = 0.003) compared with the sinus rhythm group. Cox regression analysis showed that HDL-C/CRP was a predictor of AF recurrence at follow-up (unadjusted HR = 0.97; CI 95%: 0.95–0.99; p = 0.004; adjusted HR = 0.98; CI 95%: 0.96–0.99; p = 0.030). ROC curve showed that HDL-C/CRP ratio was able to predict AF recurrence after ECV (AUC = 0.68; p = 0.003). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that patients with baseline HDL-C/CRP <7.4 had higher AF recurrence (log-rank test p = 0.013). Our research demonstrated that the lower HDL-C/CRP ratio predicted AF recurrence after ECV during follow-up.

This study was carried out to systematically review and evaluate the influence of exercise with and without curcumin on body fat composition, glucose, and lipid metabolism in obese adults. Search for eligible studies through four databases, and then proceed with screening. The inclusion criteria are as follows: (1) obese adults; (2) randomized controlled trial (RCT); (3) classified the exercise intervention with curcumin supplementation as the exercise with curcumin (CU) group and without curcumin supplementation as the exercise without curcumin (EX) group; (4) Conducted pre- and post-training assessments, which include body fat composition, glucose and lipid metabolism parameters. Use the Cochrane bias risk assessment tool to evaluate the quality of the selected study. Select standardized mean difference (SMD) as the appropriate effect scale index, and use Revman 5.4 software to analyze the mean difference of the selected article data with a 95% confidence interval (CI). A total of seven studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were selected for the meta-analysis. The included studies involved 72 males and 111 females, where 94 belonged to the EX group and 89 from the CU group. The CU group benefited more from the reduced Fat% (SMD, 2.18 [0.12, 4.24], p < 0.05, I² = 0%, p for heterogeneity = 0.98) than the EX group. The study demonstrated that the combined exercise intervention with curcumin supplementation significantly reduced Fat% in obese adults compared with exercise without supplementing curcumin.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most fatal malignancies, which has attracted scientists to investigate its etiology and pathogenesis. Nevertheless, the association between erythrocyte fatty acids and PC risk remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the association between levels of erythrocyte fatty acids and PC risk. The erythrocyte fatty acid compositions of 105 PC patients and 120 controls were determined by gas chromatography. Cases and controls were frequency matched by age and sex. Multivariable conditional logistic regression model and restricted cubic spline were applied to estimate the odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (OR, 95% CI) of erythrocyte fatty acids and PC risk. Our main findings indicated a significant negative association between levels of erythrocyte total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) and the risk of PC (OR_T3-T1 = 0.30 [0.14, 0.63] and OR_T3-T1 = 0.15 [0.06, 0.33], respectively). In contrast, erythrocyte n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, specifically linoleic acid (LA) and arachidonic acid (AA) levels, were positively associated with PC incidence (R_T1-T3 = 4.24 [1.97, 9.46] and OR_T1-T3 = 4.53 [2.09, 10.20]). Total saturated fatty acid (SFA), especially high levels of palmitic acid (16:0), was positively associated with the risk of PC (OR_T3-T1 = 3.25 [1.53, 7.08]). Our findings suggest that levels of different types of fatty acids in erythrocytes may significantly alter PC susceptibility. Protective factors against PC include unsaturated fatty acids such as n-3 PUFA and MUFA.