M. A. Idris, S. Mohammed, A. Bashar, M. T. Ibrahim
A cross-sectional was performed in Nyala, South Darfur State, Sudan, over the time from November to December 2016, to determine the prevalence of bovine babesiosis and the potential risk factors associated with the infection. A total of 300 blood samples were randomly collected from three different areas, slaughterhouse, animal fauna, and dairy farms. Data on the risk factors, such as area, breed, age, sex, body condition, and tick infestation were recorded using questionnaires. The overall prevalence was 59.3% (178/300) using the microscopic examination of Giemsa stained slides. A significant variation in the prevalence of bovine babesiosis was observed among the three areas, whereas dairy farms (74%) having a significantly higher (p = 0.001) prevalence than the other areas. A factor found to be significantly associated with the infection with Babesia was the breed of cattle (p = 0.000), where the prevalence was higher in the crossbreed cattle (74%) than local breed cattle (52%). Other risk factors, like body condition, sex, age, and tick infestation were not found to be significantly associated with bovine babesiosis. However, the highest prevalence rate was recorded in males (65.3%) than females (58.1%), in young animals (62.5%) than adult (58.6%), in animals with poor body condition (64.3%) than the other, and in the animal non-infested with ticks (60.5%) than animal infested with ticks (55.8%). The present study revealed that the number of cattle suffering from babesiosis in Nyala was great. Therefore, sampling during different seasons and using molecular diagnostic methods are recommended for accurate prevalence estimate.Keywords: Babesia, risk factors, cattle, Nyala, Sudan
{"title":"Cross-sectional study of cattle Babesiosis and associated risk factors in Nyala, South Darfur, Sudan","authors":"M. A. Idris, S. Mohammed, A. Bashar, M. T. Ibrahim","doi":"10.4314/TVJ.V33I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/TVJ.V33I2","url":null,"abstract":"A cross-sectional was performed in Nyala, South Darfur State, Sudan, over the time from November to December 2016, to determine the prevalence of bovine babesiosis and the potential risk factors associated with the infection. A total of 300 blood samples were randomly collected from three different areas, slaughterhouse, animal fauna, and dairy farms. Data on the risk factors, such as area, breed, age, sex, body condition, and tick infestation were recorded using questionnaires. The overall prevalence was 59.3% (178/300) using the microscopic examination of Giemsa stained slides. A significant variation in the prevalence of bovine babesiosis was observed among the three areas, whereas dairy farms (74%) having a significantly higher (p = 0.001) prevalence than the other areas. A factor found to be significantly associated with the infection with Babesia was the breed of cattle (p = 0.000), where the prevalence was higher in the crossbreed cattle (74%) than local breed cattle (52%). Other risk factors, like body condition, sex, age, and tick infestation were not found to be significantly associated with bovine babesiosis. However, the highest prevalence rate was recorded in males (65.3%) than females (58.1%), in young animals (62.5%) than adult (58.6%), in animals with poor body condition (64.3%) than the other, and in the animal non-infested with ticks (60.5%) than animal infested with ticks (55.8%). The present study revealed that the number of cattle suffering from babesiosis in Nyala was great. Therefore, sampling during different seasons and using molecular diagnostic methods are recommended for accurate prevalence estimate.Keywords: Babesia, risk factors, cattle, Nyala, Sudan","PeriodicalId":181497,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania Veterinary Journal","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115320493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study was carried out in order to evaluate analgesia, heart and respiration rates and rectal temperature values after lumbosacral epidural injection of three doses (20, 40 and 80 Kg/kg) of detomidine in Small East African goats. Twelve clinically healthy, adult, goats of both sexes whose weight ranged from 13 to 22 (mean ± SD; 16.5 ± 2.6) kg were used. Six out of the twelve goats were randomly assigned separately to each treatment group and at least one-week interval was left between subsequent injections. Heart and respiration rates and rectal temperature values were determined at time 0 (pre-injection) and at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 minutes, thereafter at 15 minutes intervals up to 180 minutes after injection. Analgesia was determined after cardio-pulmonary measurements in unrestrained animal before administration of analgesics and thereafter at 5, 10, 15, 30 60, 120 and 180 minutes. All three doses induced adequate analgesia of the flank and perineum within 5 minutes, and persisted for the entire 180 minutes of the observation period. No significant differences were found between the analgesic effects of the three tested doses of detomidine. All doses induced significant drop of the mean respiration rate (RR) within 5 to 10 minutes. The RR depression effect persisted for the entire 180 minutes of the observation period. Significant drop of the mean heart rate (HR) was observed only for the two lower doses of 20 and 40 Kg/kg and persisted for 120 and 90 minutes respectively. All three doses induced a considerable rise in rectal temperature (RT) values that was followed by a gradual fall to normal. It was concluded that a two to four fold increase in the dose of detomidine administered through the lumbosacral epidural space does not increase the level and duration of the flank and perineal analgesia in Small East African goats. Tanzania Veterinary Journal Vol. 24 (2) 2007: pp. 102-111
{"title":"Analgesic And Cardio-Pulmonary Effects Induced By Lumbosacral Epidural Injection Of Detomidine In Goats","authors":"D. Mpanduji, M. Makungu, W. Streich","doi":"10.4314/TVJ.V24I2.42019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/TVJ.V24I2.42019","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was carried out in order to evaluate analgesia, heart and\u0000respiration rates and rectal temperature values after lumbosacral epidural injection of three doses (20, 40 and 80 Kg/kg) of detomidine in Small East African goats. Twelve clinically healthy, adult, goats of both sexes whose weight ranged from 13 to 22 (mean ± SD; 16.5 ± 2.6) kg were used. Six out of the twelve goats were randomly assigned separately to each treatment group and at least one-week interval was left between subsequent injections. Heart and respiration rates and rectal temperature values were determined at time 0\u0000(pre-injection) and at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 minutes, thereafter at 15 minutes intervals up to 180 minutes after injection. Analgesia was determined after cardio-pulmonary measurements in unrestrained animal before administration of analgesics and thereafter at 5, 10, 15, 30 60, 120 and 180 minutes. All three doses induced adequate analgesia of the flank and perineum within 5 minutes, and persisted for the entire 180 minutes of the observation period. No significant differences were found between the analgesic effects of the three tested doses of detomidine. All doses induced significant drop of the mean respiration rate (RR) within 5 to 10 minutes. The RR depression effect persisted for the entire 180 minutes of the observation period. Significant drop of the mean heart rate (HR) was observed only for the two lower doses of 20 and 40 Kg/kg and persisted for 120 and 90 minutes respectively. All three doses induced a considerable rise in rectal temperature (RT) values that was followed by a gradual fall to normal. It was concluded that a two to four fold increase in the dose of detomidine administered through the lumbosacral\u0000epidural space does not increase the level and duration of the flank and perineal analgesia in Small East African goats. Tanzania Veterinary Journal Vol. 24 (2) 2007: pp. 102-111","PeriodicalId":181497,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania Veterinary Journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129424102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Msomi, S. Kandusi, N. Ndusilo, M. Mathis, C. Kasanga, A. Chengula
Proceeding of the scientific conference of theTanzania veterinary Association, Volume 35: 30-36
坦桑尼亚兽医协会科学会议纪要，第35卷:30-36
{"title":"Molecular characterization of infectious bursal disease virus detected in Morogoro, Tanzania","authors":"A. Msomi, S. Kandusi, N. Ndusilo, M. Mathis, C. Kasanga, A. Chengula","doi":"10.4314/TVJ.V35I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/TVJ.V35I1","url":null,"abstract":"Proceeding of the scientific conference of theTanzania veterinary Association, Volume 35: 30-36","PeriodicalId":181497,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania Veterinary Journal","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114101170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The genus Campylobacter includes many species, most of which are known to be human and animal pathogens causing gastrointestinal diseases. The drugs of choice for treatment of human infections caused by these organisms are known to be fluoroquinolones and macrolides. In the recent past, however, the organisms have been observed to display resistance to antimicrobial agents including the drugs of choice. The present study determined the occurrence of antimicrobial resistant thermophilic Campylobacter in the feces of purging and non-purging dogs of different age groups in Morogoro, Tanzania. Fecal samples were collected from 404 dogs and subjected to the Cape Town protocol for isolation of thermophilic Campylobacter . Obtained isolates were tested for resistance against ten antimicrobial agents. Out of 404 sampled dogs, 40 (9.90%) were infected with thermophilic Campylobacter . C. jejuni comprised 82.5% of the total number of isolates. There were no statistically significant differences in the proportions of positive samples for thermophilic Campylobacter between those collected from adults (9.39%, n=298) and young (11.32%, n=106), and also between those collected from male (11.32%, n=212) and female (8.33%, n=192) dogs. All the thermophilic Campylobacter isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid and cephalothin. The lowest frequency of resistance was observed for ciprofloxacin. Resistance to other antimicrobial agents ranged from 15.0% to 95.0%. Multi-drug resistance was observed in 32.5% of all isolates. The findings of this study indicate that dogs are potential sources of human infections with antimicrobial resistant thermophilic Campylobacter . Attempts to eliminate infections caused by Campylobacter should take dogs into consideration, also should consider use of drugs that are effective for treatment of humans against the disease in order to succeed in treatment of campylobacteriosis. Keywords : Companion animals, Tanzania, Thermophilic Campylobacter
{"title":"Carriage of antimicrobial resistant thermophilic Campylobacter in the intestines of household dogs in Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania","authors":"E. Komba","doi":"10.4314/TVJ.V33I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/TVJ.V33I1","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Campylobacter includes many species, most of which are known to be human and animal pathogens causing gastrointestinal diseases. The drugs of choice for treatment of human infections caused by these organisms are known to be fluoroquinolones and macrolides. In the recent past, however, the organisms have been observed to display resistance to antimicrobial agents including the drugs of choice. The present study determined the occurrence of antimicrobial resistant thermophilic Campylobacter in the feces of purging and non-purging dogs of different age groups in Morogoro, Tanzania. Fecal samples were collected from 404 dogs and subjected to the Cape Town protocol for isolation of thermophilic Campylobacter . Obtained isolates were tested for resistance against ten antimicrobial agents. Out of 404 sampled dogs, 40 (9.90%) were infected with thermophilic Campylobacter . C. jejuni comprised 82.5% of the total number of isolates. There were no statistically significant differences in the proportions of positive samples for thermophilic Campylobacter between those collected from adults (9.39%, n=298) and young (11.32%, n=106), and also between those collected from male (11.32%, n=212) and female (8.33%, n=192) dogs. All the thermophilic Campylobacter isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid and cephalothin. The lowest frequency of resistance was observed for ciprofloxacin. Resistance to other antimicrobial agents ranged from 15.0% to 95.0%. Multi-drug resistance was observed in 32.5% of all isolates. The findings of this study indicate that dogs are potential sources of human infections with antimicrobial resistant thermophilic Campylobacter . Attempts to eliminate infections caused by Campylobacter should take dogs into consideration, also should consider use of drugs that are effective for treatment of humans against the disease in order to succeed in treatment of campylobacteriosis. Keywords : Companion animals, Tanzania, Thermophilic Campylobacter","PeriodicalId":181497,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania Veterinary Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127429698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. H. Ng’umbi, A. Kassuku, E. Karimuribo, J. Fitzpatrick, D. Smith, M. Matiko, D. Kambarage
A cross sectional study was carried out between June and August 2014 to establish the status of helminthosis and coccidiosis in nine purposefully selected small ruminant flocks in Mlandizi village in Melela ward, Mvomero district of Morogoro region, Tanzania. The study aimed at generating baseline information for vaccine trials against Haemonchosis in traditional flock in tropical areas. A total of 131 goats and 118 sheep that were screened for helminth eggs and coccidian oocysts using McMaster flotation techniques. In addition, copro-culture was carried out to obtain third stage larvae for parasite identification to the genus level based on morphological features shown in identification keys. Approximately, 54.2% and 52.7% of the goats (n=131) had helminth and coccidia infestations while, 67.8% and 49.2% of sheep were positive for the two parasite types, respectively. The average number (mean±SD) of eggs per gram (epg) in goats was 276±433 (range =100 to 2,100). In sheep, the average epg was 307±378, with values in individual animals ranging between 100 and 1,900. For the coccidian infestation, the average numbers of oocysts per gram (opg) in goats and sheep were 1180±2663 (range=100 to 100,300) and 1661±9563 (range= 100 to 28,300), respectively. Helminth genera detected in sampled animals were Haemonchus (50.7%), Trichostrongylus (29%), Oesophagostomum (16.4%), Cooperia (5.9%) and Strongyloides (3.4%). Monieza spp. was detected in sheep (5.8%) and goats (0.8%). Coccidial oocysts identified comprised of Eimeria caprina (20.6%), E. granulosa (16.2%), E. marsica (14.3%), E. ovinoidalis (12.4%), E. arloingi , (12.4%), for E. parva (16.2%) and E. christenseni (7.6%). The presence of gastro-intestinal parasites in the study animals calls for formulation of appropriate interventions that hinge on parasite burden profiles as influenced by climatic conditions and variability trends. Keywords: Helminthosis, epg, opg, faecal culture
{"title":"Status of helminthosis and coccidiosis in goats and sheep in traditional flocks in Melela Division, Morogoro Region, Tanzania","authors":"N. H. Ng’umbi, A. Kassuku, E. Karimuribo, J. Fitzpatrick, D. Smith, M. Matiko, D. Kambarage","doi":"10.4314/TVJ.V30I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/TVJ.V30I2","url":null,"abstract":"A cross sectional study was carried out between June and August 2014 to establish the status of helminthosis and coccidiosis in nine purposefully selected small ruminant flocks in Mlandizi village in Melela ward, Mvomero district of Morogoro region, Tanzania. The study aimed at generating baseline information for vaccine trials against Haemonchosis in traditional flock in tropical areas. A total of 131 goats and 118 sheep that were screened for helminth eggs and coccidian oocysts using McMaster flotation techniques. In addition, copro-culture was carried out to obtain third stage larvae for parasite identification to the genus level based on morphological features shown in identification keys. Approximately, 54.2% and 52.7% of the goats (n=131) had helminth and coccidia infestations while, 67.8% and 49.2% of sheep were positive for the two parasite types, respectively. The average number (mean±SD) of eggs per gram (epg) in goats was 276±433 (range =100 to 2,100). In sheep, the average epg was 307±378, with values in individual animals ranging between 100 and 1,900. For the coccidian infestation, the average numbers of oocysts per gram (opg) in goats and sheep were 1180±2663 (range=100 to 100,300) and 1661±9563 (range= 100 to 28,300), respectively. Helminth genera detected in sampled animals were Haemonchus (50.7%), Trichostrongylus (29%), Oesophagostomum (16.4%), Cooperia (5.9%) and Strongyloides (3.4%). Monieza spp. was detected in sheep (5.8%) and goats (0.8%). Coccidial oocysts identified comprised of Eimeria caprina (20.6%), E. granulosa (16.2%), E. marsica (14.3%), E. ovinoidalis (12.4%), E. arloingi , (12.4%), for E. parva (16.2%) and E. christenseni (7.6%). The presence of gastro-intestinal parasites in the study animals calls for formulation of appropriate interventions that hinge on parasite burden profiles as influenced by climatic conditions and variability trends. Keywords: Helminthosis, epg, opg, faecal culture","PeriodicalId":181497,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania Veterinary Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115274638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A retrospective study was carried out to assess the effect of El Nino on trypanosome infection in cattle. Trypanosome infection was monitored in free grazing dairy cattle before and after El Nino in Dar es Salaam. The study involved 49 smallholder dairy herds with a total of 570 dairy cattle. Trypanosomes were identified by microscopic examination of Giemsa- stained blood smears. The rate of trypanosome infection after El Nino in each location with figures before El Nino in brackets were 24.8% (8.0%) in Makongo juu, 28.0% (8.7%) in Madale, 35.6% (14.9%) in Bunju, and 0.5% (4.9%) in Beach areas. The results also indicated that cattle exposure to tsetse challenge was higher in high altitude parts of Dar es Salaam compared to low-lying areas after El Nino. The observation suggests that El Nino phenomenon influenced tsetse redistribution in many tsetse endemic areas and the increase in infection rate after El Nino was a result of increase in tsetse fly population. It is recommended that the effect of weather changes be taken into consideration when offering animal health and extension services on trypanosomosis control. Key words : Dar es Salaam, El Nino, dairy cattle, trypanosomes, tsetse fly
{"title":"The effect of El Nino on trypanosome infection in cattle in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: A retrospective field report","authors":"R. Fyumagwa, D. Mpanduji","doi":"10.4314/TVJ.V28I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/TVJ.V28I2","url":null,"abstract":"A retrospective study was carried out to assess the effect of El Nino on trypanosome infection in cattle. Trypanosome infection was monitored in free grazing dairy cattle before and after El Nino in Dar es Salaam. The study involved 49 smallholder dairy herds with a total of 570 dairy cattle. Trypanosomes were identified by microscopic examination of Giemsa- stained blood smears. The rate of trypanosome infection after El Nino in each location with figures before El Nino in brackets were 24.8% (8.0%) in Makongo juu, 28.0% (8.7%) in Madale, 35.6% (14.9%) in Bunju, and 0.5% (4.9%) in Beach areas. The results also indicated that cattle exposure to tsetse challenge was higher in high altitude parts of Dar es Salaam compared to low-lying areas after El Nino. The observation suggests that El Nino phenomenon influenced tsetse redistribution in many tsetse endemic areas and the increase in infection rate after El Nino was a result of increase in tsetse fly population. It is recommended that the effect of weather changes be taken into consideration when offering animal health and extension services on trypanosomosis control. Key words : Dar es Salaam, El Nino, dairy cattle, trypanosomes, tsetse fly","PeriodicalId":181497,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania Veterinary Journal","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115440550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hides, skins, leather and leather products are most traded commodities in the world and demand is increasing. Countries with large livestock populations have great opportunity to generate revenue from this resource. Studies were conducted in slaughterhouses, tanneries and leather good factories in Tanzania, aimed at determining quantities, qualities, processing and trade of hides and skins. Productions from slaughters are more than 3 million cattle hides, 3 million goatskins and 1 million sheepskins. Collected and exported quantities were 1,174,585 cattle hides, 1,591,990 and 304,167 goat and sheep skins. Companies from these destinations pre-pay livestock traders in advance and collect hides and skins at slaughter. Hides and skins are chrome or vegetable tanned at several industries including Afro Leather Industries Dar es Salaam while Himo Tanners and Planters and Afro Leather Industries produce finished leather. Qualities of hides were low because of flay cuts and brand markings. There is one leather footwear factory at Moshi and small scale leather goods factories in Arusha, Moshi, Mwanza, Dar es Salaam, Dodoma, Singida, Morogoro and in other places by individuals, youth groups, Vocational Education Training Authority (VETA) and Small Industries Organization (SIDO). Hides and skins processing is constrained by high international demand for raw hides and skins, inadequate investment in abattoirs, hides and skins collection and storage facilities and lack of trained personnel. Footwear and leather goods are constrained by lack of factories, competition from used goods, synthetic plastics and uninformed market. Investment in hides, skins and leather industry supported by training programmes has potential to generate great monetary revenue. Keywords : Hides, skin, leather, value chain, slaughter ruminants
{"title":"Dynamics and driving forces of hides, skins, leather and leather goods production and trade in Tanzania","authors":"G. Mbassa, C. Luziga, N. Kilongozi, E. Muyinga","doi":"10.4314/TVJ.V29I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/TVJ.V29I2","url":null,"abstract":"Hides, skins, leather and leather products are most traded commodities in the world and demand is increasing. Countries with large livestock populations have great opportunity to generate revenue from this resource. Studies were conducted in slaughterhouses, tanneries and leather good factories in Tanzania, aimed at determining quantities, qualities, processing and trade of hides and skins. Productions from slaughters are more than 3 million cattle hides, 3 million goatskins and 1 million sheepskins. Collected and exported quantities were 1,174,585 cattle hides, 1,591,990 and 304,167 goat and sheep skins. Companies from these destinations pre-pay livestock traders in advance and collect hides and skins at slaughter. Hides and skins are chrome or vegetable tanned at several industries including Afro Leather Industries Dar es Salaam while Himo Tanners and Planters and Afro Leather Industries produce finished leather. Qualities of hides were low because of flay cuts and brand markings. There is one leather footwear factory at Moshi and small scale leather goods factories in Arusha, Moshi, Mwanza, Dar es Salaam, Dodoma, Singida, Morogoro and in other places by individuals, youth groups, Vocational Education Training Authority (VETA) and Small Industries Organization (SIDO). Hides and skins processing is constrained by high international demand for raw hides and skins, inadequate investment in abattoirs, hides and skins collection and storage facilities and lack of trained personnel. Footwear and leather goods are constrained by lack of factories, competition from used goods, synthetic plastics and uninformed market. Investment in hides, skins and leather industry supported by training programmes has potential to generate great monetary revenue. Keywords : Hides, skin, leather, value chain, slaughter ruminants","PeriodicalId":181497,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania Veterinary Journal","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114424617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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