Hypomagnesemia has been shown to contribute to oxidative stress and inflammation. This study was designed to evaluate the serum magnesium (Mg) concentration in vitiligo patients versus controls. Twenty-seven patients with vitiligo were enrolled in this study, along with 27 age and sex-matched healthy controls. The mean serum Mg concentrations in the case and control groups were 0.75 ± 0.07 and 0.77 ± 0.07 mmol/L, respectively. No significant difference in the mean concentrations of Mg between the two groups was noted (P = 0.95). However, interestingly, we noticed a positive correlation between serum Mg concentration and Vitiligo Area Severity Index (VASI) score as well as the total body surface area (TBSA) concerned by the disease. Further research on the role of Mg in vitiligo is therefore warranted.
{"title":"Serum magnesium concentrations in vitiligo patients.","authors":"M R Namazi, Farnoosh Nozari, Peyman Jafari","doi":"10.1684/mrh.2019.0450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/mrh.2019.0450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypomagnesemia has been shown to contribute to oxidative stress and inflammation. This study was designed to evaluate the serum magnesium (Mg) concentration in vitiligo patients versus controls. Twenty-seven patients with vitiligo were enrolled in this study, along with 27 age and sex-matched healthy controls. The mean serum Mg concentrations in the case and control groups were 0.75 ± 0.07 and 0.77 ± 0.07 mmol/L, respectively. No significant difference in the mean concentrations of Mg between the two groups was noted (P = 0.95). However, interestingly, we noticed a positive correlation between serum Mg concentration and Vitiligo Area Severity Index (VASI) score as well as the total body surface area (TBSA) concerned by the disease. Further research on the role of Mg in vitiligo is therefore warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":18159,"journal":{"name":"Magnesium research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37489579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Meital Shlezinger, Y. Amitai, I. Goldenberg, S. Atar, M. Shechter
Drinking water (DW) is an important dietary source of magnesium. Israel has recently increased desalinated seawater (DSW) production for DW, but negligible magnesium content in DSW may pose a risk of hypomagnesemia and consequential adverse cardiovascular effects. Consecutive acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients (n = 380, age 35-75 years), hospitalized in 2015-2017 with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), were divided into two groups based on their domicile region having a major supply of DSW (n = 250, 65%) or not (non-DSW; n = 130, 35%). We evaluated admission serum magnesium concentrations in patients, magnesium levels in tap water, 1-year all-cause mortality, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including all-cause mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction, rehospitalization for heart failure or angina pectoris, stroke, coronary artery bypass grafting, and percutaneous coronary interventions. Multivariate analyses were adjusted for age and sex. Serum magnesium concentrations (mean ± SD) were significantly higher among patients in the non-DSW group compared with the DSW group (1.95 ± 0.20 mg/dL and 1.81 ± 0.20 mg/dL, P < 0.001; respectively). Additionally, the mean residential DW magnesium level in the DSW group was 5.4 ± 2.2 mg/L compared with 25.1 ± 3.4 mg/L, P < 0.01 in the non-DSW group. Fewer patients (although not statistically significant) in the non-DSW group experienced major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) or 1-year-all-cause mortality compared with the patients in the DSW group (12.4% and 20%, P = 0.065; respectively). In conclusion, in post AMI patients, we found nonsignificant higher MACE and 1-year mortality with the use of DSW.
{"title":"Acute myocardial infarction severity, complications, and mortality associated with lack of magnesium intake through consumption of desalinated seawater.","authors":"Meital Shlezinger, Y. Amitai, I. Goldenberg, S. Atar, M. Shechter","doi":"10.1684/mrh.2019.0449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/mrh.2019.0449","url":null,"abstract":"Drinking water (DW) is an important dietary source of magnesium. Israel has recently increased desalinated seawater (DSW) production for DW, but negligible magnesium content in DSW may pose a risk of hypomagnesemia and consequential adverse cardiovascular effects. Consecutive acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients (n = 380, age 35-75 years), hospitalized in 2015-2017 with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), were divided into two groups based on their domicile region having a major supply of DSW (n = 250, 65%) or not (non-DSW; n = 130, 35%). We evaluated admission serum magnesium concentrations in patients, magnesium levels in tap water, 1-year all-cause mortality, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including all-cause mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction, rehospitalization for heart failure or angina pectoris, stroke, coronary artery bypass grafting, and percutaneous coronary interventions. Multivariate analyses were adjusted for age and sex. Serum magnesium concentrations (mean ± SD) were significantly higher among patients in the non-DSW group compared with the DSW group (1.95 ± 0.20 mg/dL and 1.81 ± 0.20 mg/dL, P < 0.001; respectively). Additionally, the mean residential DW magnesium level in the DSW group was 5.4 ± 2.2 mg/L compared with 25.1 ± 3.4 mg/L, P < 0.01 in the non-DSW group. Fewer patients (although not statistically significant) in the non-DSW group experienced major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) or 1-year-all-cause mortality compared with the patients in the DSW group (12.4% and 20%, P = 0.065; respectively). In conclusion, in post AMI patients, we found nonsignificant higher MACE and 1-year mortality with the use of DSW.","PeriodicalId":18159,"journal":{"name":"Magnesium research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46517866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correct estimates of hydrated ionic radius should be used when discussing the permeation of topically applied magnesium ions.","authors":"N. C. Chandrasekaran, R. Barnard","doi":"10.1684/mrh.2019.0451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/mrh.2019.0451","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18159,"journal":{"name":"Magnesium research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48332590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) tightly regulates the homeostasis of the central nervous system, and its dysfunction has been described in several neurological disorders. Since magnesium exerts a protective effect in the brain, we assessed whether supraphysiological concentrations of different magnesium salts modulate the permeability and magnesium transport in in vitro models of rat and human BBB. Among various formulations tested, magnesium pidolate was the most efficient in reducing the permeability and in enhancing magnesium transport through the barrier. We then compared magnesium pidolate and magnesium sulfate, a widely used salt in experimental models and in clinical practice. Magnesium pidolate performs better than sulfate also in preventing lipopolysaccharide-induced damage to in vitro generated BBB. We conclude that magnesium pidolate emerges as an interesting alternative to sulfate to protect BBB and maintain correct intracerebral concentrations of magnesium.
{"title":"Magnesium and the blood-brain barrier in vitro: effects on permeability and magnesium transport.","authors":"Valentina Romeo, A. Cazzaniga, J. Maier","doi":"10.1684/mrh.2019.0454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/mrh.2019.0454","url":null,"abstract":"The blood-brain barrier (BBB) tightly regulates the homeostasis of the central nervous system, and its dysfunction has been described in several neurological disorders. Since magnesium exerts a protective effect in the brain, we assessed whether supraphysiological concentrations of different magnesium salts modulate the permeability and magnesium transport in in vitro models of rat and human BBB. Among various formulations tested, magnesium pidolate was the most efficient in reducing the permeability and in enhancing magnesium transport through the barrier. We then compared magnesium pidolate and magnesium sulfate, a widely used salt in experimental models and in clinical practice. Magnesium pidolate performs better than sulfate also in preventing lipopolysaccharide-induced damage to in vitro generated BBB. We conclude that magnesium pidolate emerges as an interesting alternative to sulfate to protect BBB and maintain correct intracerebral concentrations of magnesium.","PeriodicalId":18159,"journal":{"name":"Magnesium research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45479677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Magnesium is an essential bivalent cation. Its fine balance in human organism is extremely important and is involved in a wide range of functions. We need to maintain its amount in human organism within range considered as physiological. This is particularly true for elderly people, and especially for "frail" elderly people, whose systems and apparatuses are in a state of serious homeostatic precariousness. In fact, hypomagnesemia is involved in a very large range of pathological conditions (requiring multiple therapies) that could compromise elderly's autonomy. The aim of this review has been to go through the most important trials, in order to understand the direction taken by research during the last years and to detect the room for improvement in this field. We have tried to understand when magnesium content is truly physiological or pathological, and how we could prevent an inappropriately low magnesium intake in elderly people. First of all, we have remarked the absolute need of an adequate evaluation method for magnesium content in human organism. Current literature appropriately encourages the use of a synoptic assessment of magnesium serum concentration, urinary excretion, and dietary intake. We have also discussed the most important trials relating hypomagnesaemia with human pathology. Specific studies conducted on elderly patients have extensively demonstrated its decisive role in maintaining bone health, adequate glyco-metabolic compensation, a correct cardiac and vascular functional profile, and probably also a physiological psycho-cognitive profile. From the implications discussed above, therefore, it is essential to ensure physiological levels of magnesium in body, particularly in geriatric patient, itself more prone to a reduction in the level of cation. We have concluded, according to the literature, that the best way to prevent hypomagnesemia and its clinical implications in elderly subjects is represented by a proper diet (more fiber and complex carbohydrates, more vegetable proteins, less sugars and fats), which ensures an adequate supply of cation. If with diet alone (due to comorbidity or other concomitant factors) it has not been possible to guarantee suitable serum levels of cation, or in the case of a patient defined as "frail elderly", a reintegration therapy (per os) will be undertaken, after a careful analysis of renal function.
{"title":"Magnesium and elderly patient: the explored paths and the ones to be explored: a review.","authors":"F. Lo Piano, A. Corsonello, F. Corica","doi":"10.1684/mrh.2019.0453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/mrh.2019.0453","url":null,"abstract":"Magnesium is an essential bivalent cation. Its fine balance in human organism is extremely important and is involved in a wide range of functions. We need to maintain its amount in human organism within range considered as physiological. This is particularly true for elderly people, and especially for \"frail\" elderly people, whose systems and apparatuses are in a state of serious homeostatic precariousness. In fact, hypomagnesemia is involved in a very large range of pathological conditions (requiring multiple therapies) that could compromise elderly's autonomy. The aim of this review has been to go through the most important trials, in order to understand the direction taken by research during the last years and to detect the room for improvement in this field. We have tried to understand when magnesium content is truly physiological or pathological, and how we could prevent an inappropriately low magnesium intake in elderly people. First of all, we have remarked the absolute need of an adequate evaluation method for magnesium content in human organism. Current literature appropriately encourages the use of a synoptic assessment of magnesium serum concentration, urinary excretion, and dietary intake. We have also discussed the most important trials relating hypomagnesaemia with human pathology. Specific studies conducted on elderly patients have extensively demonstrated its decisive role in maintaining bone health, adequate glyco-metabolic compensation, a correct cardiac and vascular functional profile, and probably also a physiological psycho-cognitive profile. From the implications discussed above, therefore, it is essential to ensure physiological levels of magnesium in body, particularly in geriatric patient, itself more prone to a reduction in the level of cation. We have concluded, according to the literature, that the best way to prevent hypomagnesemia and its clinical implications in elderly subjects is represented by a proper diet (more fiber and complex carbohydrates, more vegetable proteins, less sugars and fats), which ensures an adequate supply of cation. If with diet alone (due to comorbidity or other concomitant factors) it has not been possible to guarantee suitable serum levels of cation, or in the case of a patient defined as \"frail elderly\", a reintegration therapy (per os) will be undertaken, after a careful analysis of renal function.","PeriodicalId":18159,"journal":{"name":"Magnesium research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67569656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Čabarkapa, M. Đerić, M. Todorović, J. Sudji, B. Ilinčić, A. Trifu, S. Davidović
INTRODUCTION Magnesium (Mg) deficiency is associated with numerous non-communicable diseases. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of hypomagnesemia in the general adult population of Northern Serbia (NS), and to determine the level of Mg in drinking water. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study with 5,122 adults from the general population. Serum level of Mg was determined by spectrophotometry, while the level of Mg in the drinking water was done by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Standard laboratory methods were used to determine individual's blood lipid status and complete blood count. RESULTS The prevalence of hypomagnesemia (Mg < 0.75 mmol/L) in the general population was 2.7%, while the prevalence of the subjects with high risk for the Mg deficiency (Mg 0.75-0.85 mmol/L) was 20.1%. The public water supply showed variable values between 17.3-35.3 mg/L. Age, systolic blood pressure, duration of diabetes mellitus, and glycemia increase with the decrease of Mg level. In addition, increased level of Mg was associated with higher red blood cell count and hemoglobin levels. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of hypomagnesemia in Northern Serbia is low (2.7%) and level of Mg in drinking water is not satisfactory. Serum level of Mg in the range 0.75-0.85 mmol/L is present in about 1/5 of the population. Glycemia, advanced age, gender, and smoking have a predictive role in hypomagnesemia occurrence. There is a significant correlation between serum level of Mg and lifestyle and dietary habits.
{"title":"Hypomagnesemia in adults of northern Serbia: prevalence, nutritional risk factors, and associated comorbidities.","authors":"V. Čabarkapa, M. Đerić, M. Todorović, J. Sudji, B. Ilinčić, A. Trifu, S. Davidović","doi":"10.1684/mrh.2019.0452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/mrh.2019.0452","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION Magnesium (Mg) deficiency is associated with numerous non-communicable diseases. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of hypomagnesemia in the general adult population of Northern Serbia (NS), and to determine the level of Mg in drinking water. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study with 5,122 adults from the general population. Serum level of Mg was determined by spectrophotometry, while the level of Mg in the drinking water was done by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Standard laboratory methods were used to determine individual's blood lipid status and complete blood count. RESULTS The prevalence of hypomagnesemia (Mg < 0.75 mmol/L) in the general population was 2.7%, while the prevalence of the subjects with high risk for the Mg deficiency (Mg 0.75-0.85 mmol/L) was 20.1%. The public water supply showed variable values between 17.3-35.3 mg/L. Age, systolic blood pressure, duration of diabetes mellitus, and glycemia increase with the decrease of Mg level. In addition, increased level of Mg was associated with higher red blood cell count and hemoglobin levels. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of hypomagnesemia in Northern Serbia is low (2.7%) and level of Mg in drinking water is not satisfactory. Serum level of Mg in the range 0.75-0.85 mmol/L is present in about 1/5 of the population. Glycemia, advanced age, gender, and smoking have a predictive role in hypomagnesemia occurrence. There is a significant correlation between serum level of Mg and lifestyle and dietary habits.","PeriodicalId":18159,"journal":{"name":"Magnesium research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67569530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Magnesium has been introduced as one of the micronutrients with several metabolic benefits, mainly anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of magnesium supplementation on gene expression of inflammatory markers, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and pregnancy outcomes in women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was conducted among 36 women, aged 18-40 years old, diagnosed with GDM. Study participants were randomly allocated into two groups to receive either 250 mg/day magnesium oxide (n = 18) or placebo (n = 18) for six weeks. Gene expression related to inflammatory markers and VEGF was assessed using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of women with GDM, via RT-PCR method. Quantitative results of RT-PCR demonstrated that magnesium supplementation downregulated gene expression levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) (P = 0.03) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (P = 0.006) and upregulated gene expression levels of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) (P = 0.03) in PBMCs of women with GDM, compared with placebo. Magnesium supplementation did not significantly affect gene expression of IL-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor. Additionally, magnesium administration resulted in a lower incidence of newborn hyperbilirubinemia (11.1% versus 44.4%, P = 0.02) and newborn hospitalization (11.1% versus 44.4%, P = 0.02) compared with placebo. Overall, magnesium supplementation for six weeks significantly decreased gene expression levels of IL-8 and TNF-α, and increased TGF-β in women with GDM. Therefore, magnesium supplementation might be recommended to decrease metabolic complications in women with GDM, due to its beneficial effects on gene expression of inflammatory markers.
{"title":"The effects of magnesium supplementation on gene expression related to inflammatory markers, vascular endothelial growth factor, and pregnancy outcomes in patients with gestational diabetes.","authors":"Shahnaz Ahmadi, Maryam Naderifar, Mansooreh Samimi, Naghmeh Mirhosseini, Elahe Amirani, Esmat Aghadavod, Zatollah Asemi","doi":"10.1684/mrh.2019.0446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/mrh.2019.0446","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Magnesium has been introduced as one of the micronutrients with several metabolic benefits, mainly anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of magnesium supplementation on gene expression of inflammatory markers, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and pregnancy outcomes in women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was conducted among 36 women, aged 18-40 years old, diagnosed with GDM. Study participants were randomly allocated into two groups to receive either 250 mg/day magnesium oxide (n = 18) or placebo (n = 18) for six weeks. Gene expression related to inflammatory markers and VEGF was assessed using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of women with GDM, via RT-PCR method. Quantitative results of RT-PCR demonstrated that magnesium supplementation downregulated gene expression levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) (P = 0.03) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (P = 0.006) and upregulated gene expression levels of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) (P = 0.03) in PBMCs of women with GDM, compared with placebo. Magnesium supplementation did not significantly affect gene expression of IL-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor. Additionally, magnesium administration resulted in a lower incidence of newborn hyperbilirubinemia (11.1% versus 44.4%, P = 0.02) and newborn hospitalization (11.1% versus 44.4%, P = 0.02) compared with placebo. Overall, magnesium supplementation for six weeks significantly decreased gene expression levels of IL-8 and TNF-α, and increased TGF-β in women with GDM. Therefore, magnesium supplementation might be recommended to decrease metabolic complications in women with GDM, due to its beneficial effects on gene expression of inflammatory markers.</p>","PeriodicalId":18159,"journal":{"name":"Magnesium research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37249871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although magnesium (Mg) contents are different between breast milk and formula, few studies have investigated the blood Mg level in breast fed or formula fed preterm infants. We examined the influence of feeding type on serum Mg and whole blood ionized Mg (iMg) levels in preterm infants soon after birth. We included 115 preterm infants born between gestational weeks 32 and 35. Infants were separated into two groups: breast milk (BM) dominant group (n = 30) receiving ≥70% of Mg intake from BM and mixed-fed (MF) group (n = 85) receiving ≥30% of Mg intake from formula. Blood levels of Mg, iMg, Ca, and iCa at day 1 of age and at discharge from the hospital were compared between the groups. No differences in the Mg and iMg levels at day 1 of age were observed between the two groups. The Mg and iMg levels at discharge were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the BM group than in the MF group; 0.86 (interquartile range 0.81-0.91) versus 0.91 (0.86-0.99) mmol/L and 0.46 (0.41-0.51) versus 0.52 (0.47-0.57) mmol/L, respectively. There were no differences in the Ca and iCa levels between the two groups. By stepwise multiple regression analysis, the percentage of BM intake was a significant independent predictor of the Mg and iMg levels. The feeding type influenced serum Mg and blood iMg levels in preterm infants soon after birth. Further studies are needed to investigate the influence of Mg on growth and the optimal range of blood Mg levels.
{"title":"Correlations between feeding type and blood ionized magnesium levels in Japanese preterm infants.","authors":"Akiko Watanabe, Hiromichi Shoji, Atsuko Awaji, Naho Ikeda, Natsuki Ohkawa, Hiroki Suganuma, Masato Kantake, Toshiaki Shimizu","doi":"10.1684/mrh.2019.0444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/mrh.2019.0444","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although magnesium (Mg) contents are different between breast milk and formula, few studies have investigated the blood Mg level in breast fed or formula fed preterm infants. We examined the influence of feeding type on serum Mg and whole blood ionized Mg (iMg) levels in preterm infants soon after birth. We included 115 preterm infants born between gestational weeks 32 and 35. Infants were separated into two groups: breast milk (BM) dominant group (n = 30) receiving ≥70% of Mg intake from BM and mixed-fed (MF) group (n = 85) receiving ≥30% of Mg intake from formula. Blood levels of Mg, iMg, Ca, and iCa at day 1 of age and at discharge from the hospital were compared between the groups. No differences in the Mg and iMg levels at day 1 of age were observed between the two groups. The Mg and iMg levels at discharge were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the BM group than in the MF group; 0.86 (interquartile range 0.81-0.91) versus 0.91 (0.86-0.99) mmol/L and 0.46 (0.41-0.51) versus 0.52 (0.47-0.57) mmol/L, respectively. There were no differences in the Ca and iCa levels between the two groups. By stepwise multiple regression analysis, the percentage of BM intake was a significant independent predictor of the Mg and iMg levels. The feeding type influenced serum Mg and blood iMg levels in preterm infants soon after birth. Further studies are needed to investigate the influence of Mg on growth and the optimal range of blood Mg levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":18159,"journal":{"name":"Magnesium research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37238229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To explore the effect of magnesium gluconate (MgG) on lipid metabolism and its regulation mechanism through animal experiments, and to provide basis for MgG dietary intervention in hyperlipidemia. The first four weeks was hyperlipidemia-inducing period through high-fat diet and the following eight weeks was the MgG supplementation. At the end of the experiment, blood and liver samples were collected for the measurements of lipid profile, antioxidative indexes, pathological examination, and cholesterol metabolism-related gene expression. Oral administration of MgG notably decreased the blood levels of TC, TG, LDL-C and liver function index ALT and AST of hyperlipidemic rats. The rats supplemented with magnesium showed a huge increase in the GSH-Px and SOD activities, and reduced the heart weight and liver lipid accumulation of high-fat diet fed rats. MgG remarkably up-regulated the mRNA expression levels of LDLR and CYP7A1 of liver enzymes related to cholesterol metabolism. Oral magnesium supplementation inhibited an increase in lipid profile and liver function index by a high-fat diet, and enhanced the activity of the antioxidant enzymes. Magnesium has lipid-lowering and antioxidative effects that protect the liver against hyperlipidemia.
{"title":"Effect of magnesium gluconate administration on lipid metabolism, antioxidative status, and related gene expression in rats fed a high-fat diet.","authors":"Qian Zhang, Peng-Hui Zhou, Xiao-Li Zhou, Da-Long Zhang, Qing Gu, Shu-Jing Zhang, Jing Zhang, Jing-Shu Zhang, Zhi-Yong Qian","doi":"10.1684/mrh.2019.0445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/mrh.2019.0445","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To explore the effect of magnesium gluconate (MgG) on lipid metabolism and its regulation mechanism through animal experiments, and to provide basis for MgG dietary intervention in hyperlipidemia. The first four weeks was hyperlipidemia-inducing period through high-fat diet and the following eight weeks was the MgG supplementation. At the end of the experiment, blood and liver samples were collected for the measurements of lipid profile, antioxidative indexes, pathological examination, and cholesterol metabolism-related gene expression. Oral administration of MgG notably decreased the blood levels of TC, TG, LDL-C and liver function index ALT and AST of hyperlipidemic rats. The rats supplemented with magnesium showed a huge increase in the GSH-Px and SOD activities, and reduced the heart weight and liver lipid accumulation of high-fat diet fed rats. MgG remarkably up-regulated the mRNA expression levels of LDLR and CYP7A1 of liver enzymes related to cholesterol metabolism. Oral magnesium supplementation inhibited an increase in lipid profile and liver function index by a high-fat diet, and enhanced the activity of the antioxidant enzymes. Magnesium has lipid-lowering and antioxidative effects that protect the liver against hyperlipidemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":18159,"journal":{"name":"Magnesium research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37252863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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