R. Mohammad Shirazi, M.H. Shirzadi, A. Aien, G.H.R. Afsharmanesh
Background: Identification and development of new varieties are important elements of improving and sustaining soybean yield, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, including Iran. Methods: The study aims to investigate the effect of different levels of low irrigation on yield and qualitative characteristics of different soybean cultivars (Dezful 504, Sahar, Telar, Tekavar, Zan and Sari) under water stress (90%, 70% and 50% of the field capacity), under the climatic conditions of Jiroft during two years (2020 and 2021). This experiment was carried out as a split plot based on a randomized complete block design with 18 treatments and 3 replications at the farm of South Kerman Agricultural Research and Training Center and Natural Resources. Result: The highest qualitative characteristics and performance were in the cultivar 504 Dezful. Examining the results related to the interaction effect of irrigation ´ variety showed that the variety 504 Dezful under the conditions of 90% of the field capacity has the highest amount of grain yield (3748 kg/ha), oil yield (916.41 kg/ha) and protein yield (1351.53 kg/ha). Also, this cultivar was superior to cultivars in all levels of low irrigation. In general, and according to the obtained results, Dezful cultivar 504 was identified as the most resistant cultivar and Sari cultivar as the most sensitive cultivar to drought stress.
{"title":"Effect of Different Irrigation Regimes on the Yield and Qualitative Characteristics of Different Cultivars of Soybean (Glycine max L.) in Jiroft","authors":"R. Mohammad Shirazi, M.H. Shirzadi, A. Aien, G.H.R. Afsharmanesh","doi":"10.18805/lrf-761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/lrf-761","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Identification and development of new varieties are important elements of improving and sustaining soybean yield, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, including Iran. Methods: The study aims to investigate the effect of different levels of low irrigation on yield and qualitative characteristics of different soybean cultivars (Dezful 504, Sahar, Telar, Tekavar, Zan and Sari) under water stress (90%, 70% and 50% of the field capacity), under the climatic conditions of Jiroft during two years (2020 and 2021). This experiment was carried out as a split plot based on a randomized complete block design with 18 treatments and 3 replications at the farm of South Kerman Agricultural Research and Training Center and Natural Resources. Result: The highest qualitative characteristics and performance were in the cultivar 504 Dezful. Examining the results related to the interaction effect of irrigation ´ variety showed that the variety 504 Dezful under the conditions of 90% of the field capacity has the highest amount of grain yield (3748 kg/ha), oil yield (916.41 kg/ha) and protein yield (1351.53 kg/ha). Also, this cultivar was superior to cultivars in all levels of low irrigation. In general, and according to the obtained results, Dezful cultivar 504 was identified as the most resistant cultivar and Sari cultivar as the most sensitive cultivar to drought stress.","PeriodicalId":18181,"journal":{"name":"Legume Research","volume":"281 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135475217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Ravi, S.R. Shri Rangasami, N. Vadivel, T. Pradeesh Kumar, K. Harishankar, S. Vishnu Shankar, R. Vigneshwaran
Background: Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) holds significant importance as a staple food legume and a key economic crop, serving as a valuable source of edible oil and protein in India. However, its full yield potential is often hampered by excessive vegetative growth, which leads to suboptimal yields. With this background, a field experiment was conducted at the Perunthalaivar Kamaraj Krishi Vigyan Kendra in Puducherry during 2020 and 2021. The objective was to investigate the influence of different concentrations and timing of paclobutrazol (PBZ) application on the growth and yield of groundnut. Methods: The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications, six main plot treatments (Including PBZ concentrations of 25, 50, 100, 150, 200 ppm and a control) and three sub-plot treatments (Involving single sprays at 30 days after emergence (DAE), single sprays at 50 DAE and double sprays at 30 and 50 DAE). Result: The results revealed that the application of paclobutrazol at different concentrations had a positive effect on reducing plant height during the later stages of growth, particularly when a double spray was applied at 30 and 50 DAE. Notably, the application of paclobutrazol at a concentration of 200 ppm in groundnut cultivation proved to be economically viable, resulting 29% increase in pod yield compared to the control group. Specifically, PBZ at 200 ppm, with a double spray, significantly boosted the total pod yield to 2724 kg ha-1. Furthermore, the correlation and regression analyses indicated a positive relationship between growth and yield.
{"title":"Productivity and Econometric Analysis of Leguminous Monkey-nut (Arachis hypogaea L.) as Influenced by Growth Retardant","authors":"S. Ravi, S.R. Shri Rangasami, N. Vadivel, T. Pradeesh Kumar, K. Harishankar, S. Vishnu Shankar, R. Vigneshwaran","doi":"10.18805/lr-5253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/lr-5253","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) holds significant importance as a staple food legume and a key economic crop, serving as a valuable source of edible oil and protein in India. However, its full yield potential is often hampered by excessive vegetative growth, which leads to suboptimal yields. With this background, a field experiment was conducted at the Perunthalaivar Kamaraj Krishi Vigyan Kendra in Puducherry during 2020 and 2021. The objective was to investigate the influence of different concentrations and timing of paclobutrazol (PBZ) application on the growth and yield of groundnut. Methods: The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications, six main plot treatments (Including PBZ concentrations of 25, 50, 100, 150, 200 ppm and a control) and three sub-plot treatments (Involving single sprays at 30 days after emergence (DAE), single sprays at 50 DAE and double sprays at 30 and 50 DAE). Result: The results revealed that the application of paclobutrazol at different concentrations had a positive effect on reducing plant height during the later stages of growth, particularly when a double spray was applied at 30 and 50 DAE. Notably, the application of paclobutrazol at a concentration of 200 ppm in groundnut cultivation proved to be economically viable, resulting 29% increase in pod yield compared to the control group. Specifically, PBZ at 200 ppm, with a double spray, significantly boosted the total pod yield to 2724 kg ha-1. Furthermore, the correlation and regression analyses indicated a positive relationship between growth and yield.","PeriodicalId":18181,"journal":{"name":"Legume Research","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136158481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Lal, G. Lal, N.K. Meena, C.K. Jangir, M.K. Choudhary, N. Chaudhary, R.D. Meena, S.S. Meena, M.D. Meena, O.P. Aishwath
Background: The rise in unprecedented pressure of producing enough food for an ever-growing human population resulted in the use of considerable amounts of agrochemicals in crop production. To overcome this, inclusion of annual pulse crops such as cluster beans (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) in cropping systems is an alternative technique for enhancing output while minimising environmental impact. Therefore, to assess the influence of different crop production systems on yield, quality and soil fertility attributes of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare L.)-cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) crop sequence, a long term field experiment was conducted. Methods: A field experiment was conducted on fennel (Foeniculum vulgare L.) cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) crop sequence under AI-NPOF Project during 2016-17 to 2020-21 at ICAR-National Research Centre on Seed Spices, Ajmer (Rajasthan), India. The experiment was laid out as a factorial design based on randomized complete blocks (RCBD) with three replications. The first factor consisted of six production systems viz., (PS1) - 100% organic, (PS2) - 75% organic + 25% innovative practice (Compost extract, cattle urine), (PS3) - Integrated (50% organic + 50% inorganic), (PS4) - Integrated (75% organic + 25% inorganic), (PS5) -100% inorganic nutrient sources and (PS6) - State recommendation] including fennel (Rabi season) - cluster bean (Kharif season) cropping sequence, whereas the second factor included the environment over the period. Result: The outcomes of study revealed that production system (PS4) - Integrated (75% organic + 25% inorganic) resulted in the maximum seed yields and yield attributes of cluster bean (1501.87 kg ha-1) and fennel (1970.19 kg ha-1). The study shows that the production system (PS4) had a 17.29 and 30.75% increment of protein as compared to PS5 and PS1 in fennel and cluster beans, respectively. Under production system PS1, the per cent increment of soil organic carbon (~25.2%) and readily available N (~9%), P (~38.5%) and K (~Non-significant) were noted over the years respectively, compared with production system (PS5). A significant positive association was observed between fennel and cluster bean grain yield and soil organic carbon (P less than 0.01) and the Shannon-Wiener indexes (R2 = 0.75, R2 = 0.69), respectively. The combined assessment of yield, quality, soil organic carbon and soil sustainability shows that rotations based on legume crops performed better and provided a model of sustainable crop intensification. Thus, adding legume to the cropping system and implementing integrated nutrient management (INM) could gradually improve soil quality in agro-ecologies where fennel predominates.
{"title":"Long-term Experiment on Fennel-cluster Bean Cropping System as Affected by Production Systems: A Strategy for Improving Yield, Quality and Soil Fertility","authors":"S. Lal, G. Lal, N.K. Meena, C.K. Jangir, M.K. Choudhary, N. Chaudhary, R.D. Meena, S.S. Meena, M.D. Meena, O.P. Aishwath","doi":"10.18805/lr-5186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/lr-5186","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The rise in unprecedented pressure of producing enough food for an ever-growing human population resulted in the use of considerable amounts of agrochemicals in crop production. To overcome this, inclusion of annual pulse crops such as cluster beans (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) in cropping systems is an alternative technique for enhancing output while minimising environmental impact. Therefore, to assess the influence of different crop production systems on yield, quality and soil fertility attributes of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare L.)-cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) crop sequence, a long term field experiment was conducted. Methods: A field experiment was conducted on fennel (Foeniculum vulgare L.) cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) crop sequence under AI-NPOF Project during 2016-17 to 2020-21 at ICAR-National Research Centre on Seed Spices, Ajmer (Rajasthan), India. The experiment was laid out as a factorial design based on randomized complete blocks (RCBD) with three replications. The first factor consisted of six production systems viz., (PS1) - 100% organic, (PS2) - 75% organic + 25% innovative practice (Compost extract, cattle urine), (PS3) - Integrated (50% organic + 50% inorganic), (PS4) - Integrated (75% organic + 25% inorganic), (PS5) -100% inorganic nutrient sources and (PS6) - State recommendation] including fennel (Rabi season) - cluster bean (Kharif season) cropping sequence, whereas the second factor included the environment over the period. Result: The outcomes of study revealed that production system (PS4) - Integrated (75% organic + 25% inorganic) resulted in the maximum seed yields and yield attributes of cluster bean (1501.87 kg ha-1) and fennel (1970.19 kg ha-1). The study shows that the production system (PS4) had a 17.29 and 30.75% increment of protein as compared to PS5 and PS1 in fennel and cluster beans, respectively. Under production system PS1, the per cent increment of soil organic carbon (~25.2%) and readily available N (~9%), P (~38.5%) and K (~Non-significant) were noted over the years respectively, compared with production system (PS5). A significant positive association was observed between fennel and cluster bean grain yield and soil organic carbon (P less than 0.01) and the Shannon-Wiener indexes (R2 = 0.75, R2 = 0.69), respectively. The combined assessment of yield, quality, soil organic carbon and soil sustainability shows that rotations based on legume crops performed better and provided a model of sustainable crop intensification. Thus, adding legume to the cropping system and implementing integrated nutrient management (INM) could gradually improve soil quality in agro-ecologies where fennel predominates.","PeriodicalId":18181,"journal":{"name":"Legume Research","volume":"53 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136232769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: This research aims to analyze the effects of IWM strategies on growth, nodulation and nutrient uptake in Trigonella foenum-graecum L. under Haryana conditions. Methods: Field experiments were conducted for two successive years with Trigonella foenum-graecum L. sown at Agronomy Research farm (29°10'N, 75°46'E), CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana during 2018-19 and 2019-20 to investigate the impact of factors on growth and economics of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. Result: Among the integrated treatments, application of pendimethalin + imazethapyr (RM) at 1500 g ha-1 + one hoeing at 3-4 leaf stage recorded maximum nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake by seed and haulm and was found to be at par with weed free check. PRE pendimethalin + imazethapyr (RM) at 1500 g ha-1 + one hoeing at 3-4 leaf stage provided highest net returns (Rs. 27,579 ha-1) and highest B: C (2.13) was observed in PRE pendimethalin + imazethapyr (RM) at 1500 g ha-1, respectively. This article aims to document the role of IWM and concludes that coupling pendimethalin and imazethapyr and supplementing them with one hand hoeing will provide effective weed management.
背景:本研究旨在分析在哈里亚纳邦条件下，IWM策略对葫芦巴生长、结瘤和营养吸收的影响。方法:2018-19年和2019-20年，连续两年在哈里亚纳邦希萨市哈里亚纳农业大学农学研究农场(29°10′n, 75°46′e)进行田间试验，研究影响葫芦巴生长和经济效益的因素。在综合处理中，喷施1500 g hm -1 + 3-4叶期1锄头的喷施双甲基萘啶+ imazethapyr (RM)对种子和茎秆氮、磷、钾的吸收量最大，与无草对照相当。1500 g ha-1的PRE - pendimealin + imazethapyr (RM) + 3-4叶期1锄头的净收益最高，为27,579 ha-1; 1500 g ha-1的PRE - pendimealin + imazethapyr (RM)的B: C最高，为2.13。本文的目的是记录IWM的作用，并得出结论，联用二甲甲基灵和咪唑噻韦并辅以单手锄地将提供有效的杂草管理。
{"title":"Response of IWM Strategies on Growth, Nodulation, Productivity and Profitability in Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) under Haryana Conditions","authors":"Isha Ahlawat, Todarmal ., Sumit Bhardwaj, K.K. Bhardwaj, Garima Dahiya, Abhishek ., Anjali Rana","doi":"10.18805/lr-5164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/lr-5164","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This research aims to analyze the effects of IWM strategies on growth, nodulation and nutrient uptake in Trigonella foenum-graecum L. under Haryana conditions. Methods: Field experiments were conducted for two successive years with Trigonella foenum-graecum L. sown at Agronomy Research farm (29°10'N, 75°46'E), CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana during 2018-19 and 2019-20 to investigate the impact of factors on growth and economics of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. Result: Among the integrated treatments, application of pendimethalin + imazethapyr (RM) at 1500 g ha-1 + one hoeing at 3-4 leaf stage recorded maximum nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake by seed and haulm and was found to be at par with weed free check. PRE pendimethalin + imazethapyr (RM) at 1500 g ha-1 + one hoeing at 3-4 leaf stage provided highest net returns (Rs. 27,579 ha-1) and highest B: C (2.13) was observed in PRE pendimethalin + imazethapyr (RM) at 1500 g ha-1, respectively. This article aims to document the role of IWM and concludes that coupling pendimethalin and imazethapyr and supplementing them with one hand hoeing will provide effective weed management.","PeriodicalId":18181,"journal":{"name":"Legume Research","volume":"33 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136262126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Charcoal rot of fenugreek caused by Macrophomina phaseolina is destructive disease of all fenugreek growing areas of Rajasthan, The disease is wide occurrence in sandy soil of Rajasthan, where the climatic conditions are dry and temperature remains high. Under severe infestation it cause 35.00-42.56% losses in yield. In the present investigation, our main emphasis was to find out some new fungicides alone and combination with bio-agent for management of charcoal rot of fenugreek. Methods: Eight fungicides viz., captan 70%+ hexaconazole 5% WP, azoxystrobin 18.2% + difenaconazole 1.4% SC, chlorothalonil 75% WP, carbendazim 12% + mancozeb 63% WP, tebuconazole 50% + trifloxystrobin 25% WG, carboxin 37.5% + thiram 37.5% WP, copper oxychloride 50% WP and captan 70% WP were tested at different concentration of 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 ppm against M. phaseolina using Poisoned Food Technique in vitro. The in vivo study was taken to evaluate the effect of one fungal and one bacterial bio-agent viz., T. harzianum, P. fluorescens was applied as seed treatment, soil dressing and soil application @ 5+5g/kg and @ 10 kg/ha respectively and fungicides viz., tebuconazole 50%+ trifloxystrobin 25% @ 1.5 g/kg, carbendazim 12% + mancozeb 63% @ 2 g/kg and azoxystrobin 18.2% + difenaconazole 11.4% 2 ml/kg seed were used in different treatments. The experiment was conducted at Experimental farm COA, SKRAU, Bikaner during Rabi 2020-21 on most popular cv. Rmt-305 in RBD design with the application of seed treatment, soil dressing and foliar spray of different fungicides with bioagents at different concentrations against Charcoal Rot disease and compared with an untreated control. Result: Among all the tested fungicides used in the present investigation, tebuconazole 50% + trifloxystrobin 25% WG found most effective in controlling the mycelium growth of pathogen. In field condition, it gave maximum disease control (85.72%) with highest grain yield (19.83 q/ha) when applied as seed treatment with tebuconazole 50% + trifloxystrobin 25% WG @ 1.5 g/kg seed + soil application of T. harzianum @ 10 kg/ha + SD with tebuconazole 50% + trifloxystrobin 25% WG. These treatments can provide an effective management of charcoal rot disease for fenugreek cultivators.
{"title":"Management of Charcoal Rot (Macrophomina phaseolina) of Fenugreek in Rajasthan","authors":"Santosh Kumari, A.K. Meena, Jasveer Singh, Rakesh Kumar, Vikash Kumar, Jasveer Singh","doi":"10.18805/lr-5114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/lr-5114","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Charcoal rot of fenugreek caused by Macrophomina phaseolina is destructive disease of all fenugreek growing areas of Rajasthan, The disease is wide occurrence in sandy soil of Rajasthan, where the climatic conditions are dry and temperature remains high. Under severe infestation it cause 35.00-42.56% losses in yield. In the present investigation, our main emphasis was to find out some new fungicides alone and combination with bio-agent for management of charcoal rot of fenugreek. Methods: Eight fungicides viz., captan 70%+ hexaconazole 5% WP, azoxystrobin 18.2% + difenaconazole 1.4% SC, chlorothalonil 75% WP, carbendazim 12% + mancozeb 63% WP, tebuconazole 50% + trifloxystrobin 25% WG, carboxin 37.5% + thiram 37.5% WP, copper oxychloride 50% WP and captan 70% WP were tested at different concentration of 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 ppm against M. phaseolina using Poisoned Food Technique in vitro. The in vivo study was taken to evaluate the effect of one fungal and one bacterial bio-agent viz., T. harzianum, P. fluorescens was applied as seed treatment, soil dressing and soil application @ 5+5g/kg and @ 10 kg/ha respectively and fungicides viz., tebuconazole 50%+ trifloxystrobin 25% @ 1.5 g/kg, carbendazim 12% + mancozeb 63% @ 2 g/kg and azoxystrobin 18.2% + difenaconazole 11.4% 2 ml/kg seed were used in different treatments. The experiment was conducted at Experimental farm COA, SKRAU, Bikaner during Rabi 2020-21 on most popular cv. Rmt-305 in RBD design with the application of seed treatment, soil dressing and foliar spray of different fungicides with bioagents at different concentrations against Charcoal Rot disease and compared with an untreated control. Result: Among all the tested fungicides used in the present investigation, tebuconazole 50% + trifloxystrobin 25% WG found most effective in controlling the mycelium growth of pathogen. In field condition, it gave maximum disease control (85.72%) with highest grain yield (19.83 q/ha) when applied as seed treatment with tebuconazole 50% + trifloxystrobin 25% WG @ 1.5 g/kg seed + soil application of T. harzianum @ 10 kg/ha + SD with tebuconazole 50% + trifloxystrobin 25% WG. These treatments can provide an effective management of charcoal rot disease for fenugreek cultivators.","PeriodicalId":18181,"journal":{"name":"Legume Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135413421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L.K. Vidyashree, Gururaj Sunkad, Venkatesh ., G. Sugeetha, N.S. Pankaja
Background: Mungbean and Urdbean are the important pulses in India which are regarded as prospective protein source for human daily diet and rich source of protein and carbohydrate. Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus is one of the destructive diseases to pulses and transmitted by whitefly. Among the pulses, mungbean and urdbean are severely affected by MYMV in India. Present investigation was aimed to determine the congenial and mitigating factors of mungbean and urdbean crops with reference to infection of MYMV and its vector. Methods: The morphological and biochemical analysis was carried out by factorial RCBD consisting of two factors viz., factor 1: Crops (V) (Mung bean and Urd bean) and factor 2: observation at 15 days interval up to 90 DAS (S) for recording different morphological and biochemical parameters. Result: Morphological parameters of urdbean are able to mitigate the vector incidence and indirectly reduced the MYMV infection in urdbean than mungbean. Further, the biochemical parameters levels were more in urdbean than mungbean and their levels increased with the increased MYMV incidence. Hence, it is concluded that the morphological characters are found responsible for vector infestation where as biochemical levels are important for the infection of MYMV in both the crops.
背景:绿豆和乌豆是印度重要的豆类，被视为人类日常饮食中潜在的蛋白质来源和丰富的蛋白质和碳水化合物来源。绿豆黄花叶病毒是一种通过粉虱传播的对豆类具有破坏性的病害。在豆类中，绿豆和黑豆在印度受到MYMV的严重影响。本研究旨在结合MYMV及其病媒的侵染情况，确定绿豆和豇豆作物的适宜和缓解因素。方法:采用因子RCBD进行形态学和生化分析，因子1:作物(V)(绿豆和乌豆);因子2:每隔15 d观察90 DAS (S)，记录不同的形态学和生化参数。结果:与绿豆相比，蚕豆的形态参数能够减轻病媒的发病率，间接降低MYMV在蚕豆中的感染。此外，赤豆的生化指标水平高于绿豆，且随着MYMV发病率的增加而升高。因此，我们得出结论，形态特征是媒介侵染的原因，而生化水平对两种作物的MYMV侵染都很重要。
{"title":"Influence of Morphological and Biochemical Parameters for Infection of Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus and Bemisia tabaci in Mungbean and Urdbean","authors":"L.K. Vidyashree, Gururaj Sunkad, Venkatesh ., G. Sugeetha, N.S. Pankaja","doi":"10.18805/lr-5144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/lr-5144","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mungbean and Urdbean are the important pulses in India which are regarded as prospective protein source for human daily diet and rich source of protein and carbohydrate. Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus is one of the destructive diseases to pulses and transmitted by whitefly. Among the pulses, mungbean and urdbean are severely affected by MYMV in India. Present investigation was aimed to determine the congenial and mitigating factors of mungbean and urdbean crops with reference to infection of MYMV and its vector. Methods: The morphological and biochemical analysis was carried out by factorial RCBD consisting of two factors viz., factor 1: Crops (V) (Mung bean and Urd bean) and factor 2: observation at 15 days interval up to 90 DAS (S) for recording different morphological and biochemical parameters. Result: Morphological parameters of urdbean are able to mitigate the vector incidence and indirectly reduced the MYMV infection in urdbean than mungbean. Further, the biochemical parameters levels were more in urdbean than mungbean and their levels increased with the increased MYMV incidence. Hence, it is concluded that the morphological characters are found responsible for vector infestation where as biochemical levels are important for the infection of MYMV in both the crops.","PeriodicalId":18181,"journal":{"name":"Legume Research","volume":"23 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135411992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gayatri Khandappa Ravaloji, Ashok S. Sajjan, Basamma B. Kumbar
Background: Seed borne diseases are regarded as major constraints in chickpea production. Seed diseases are caused by biotic factor like fungi and abiotic especially by drought, resulted in decrease in seed yield and productivity. Hence studies on the efficacy and management of seed borne diseases and its economics of seed production in chickpea was attempted. Methods: The field experiment was carried out in Regional Agricultural Research Station, College of Agriculture, Vijayapur during rabi 2021-2022. The field experiment consisted eight treatments of fungicides and bioagents and combi- product of fungicide and bioagents viz., T1: Carboxin 37% + thiram 37% DS @ 2 g/kg of seeds, T2: Carbendazim 25% + mancozeb 50% WS @ 3.5 g/kg of seed, T3: Thiophanatemethyl 45% + pyraclostrobin 5% FS @ 4 ml /kg of seeds, T4: Seed treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 10/kg of seed, T5: Seed treatment with Trichoderma harzianum @ 10/kg of seed, T6: Seed treatment with Bacillus thuringenesis @ 10/kg of seed, T7: Seed treatment with Trichoderma harzianum @ 10/kg of seed + carbendazim 25% + mancozeb 50% WS @ 3.5 g/kg of seed T8: Control (without seed treatment) were used to study the efficacy of treatments on growth yield and economics and per cent incidence against R. bataticola in field condition. Result: Among the seed treatments carbendazim 25% + mancozeb 50% WS @ 3.5 g/kg of seed recorded significantly higher growth, seed yield, seed quality parameters and reduced per cent disease incidence and higher economics followed bythiophanatemethy 45% + pyraclostrobin 5% FS @ 4 ml/kg of seeds, as compared to control.
{"title":"Studies on the Efficacy and Management of Seed Borne Diseases and its Economics in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)","authors":"Gayatri Khandappa Ravaloji, Ashok S. Sajjan, Basamma B. Kumbar","doi":"10.18805/lr-5077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/lr-5077","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Seed borne diseases are regarded as major constraints in chickpea production. Seed diseases are caused by biotic factor like fungi and abiotic especially by drought, resulted in decrease in seed yield and productivity. Hence studies on the efficacy and management of seed borne diseases and its economics of seed production in chickpea was attempted. Methods: The field experiment was carried out in Regional Agricultural Research Station, College of Agriculture, Vijayapur during rabi 2021-2022. The field experiment consisted eight treatments of fungicides and bioagents and combi- product of fungicide and bioagents viz., T1: Carboxin 37% + thiram 37% DS @ 2 g/kg of seeds, T2: Carbendazim 25% + mancozeb 50% WS @ 3.5 g/kg of seed, T3: Thiophanatemethyl 45% + pyraclostrobin 5% FS @ 4 ml /kg of seeds, T4: Seed treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 10/kg of seed, T5: Seed treatment with Trichoderma harzianum @ 10/kg of seed, T6: Seed treatment with Bacillus thuringenesis @ 10/kg of seed, T7: Seed treatment with Trichoderma harzianum @ 10/kg of seed + carbendazim 25% + mancozeb 50% WS @ 3.5 g/kg of seed T8: Control (without seed treatment) were used to study the efficacy of treatments on growth yield and economics and per cent incidence against R. bataticola in field condition. Result: Among the seed treatments carbendazim 25% + mancozeb 50% WS @ 3.5 g/kg of seed recorded significantly higher growth, seed yield, seed quality parameters and reduced per cent disease incidence and higher economics followed bythiophanatemethy 45% + pyraclostrobin 5% FS @ 4 ml/kg of seeds, as compared to control.","PeriodicalId":18181,"journal":{"name":"Legume Research","volume":"78 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135412308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gururaj Sunkad, Khadarbi ., Meghana S. Patil, Ranjana Joshi
Background: Stem and pod rot is an economically important soil borne disease of groundnut caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. resulting in significant yield losses across the globe. Bacillus spp. is rod-shaped and gram-positive bacterium which is predominantly found in the soil. Hence, considering the importance of the disease, the present investigation was carried out to evaluate the indigenous Bacillus spp. for plant growth promotion and to inhibit the pathogen in groundnut. Methods: Totally nineteen Bacillus spp. isolates from healthy groundnut rhizosphere and their antagonistic potential was recorded. The molecular characterization of five efficient Bacillus spp. was carried out using 16S rDNA. Later, morphological and biochemical characterization and plant growth promoting traits were recorded. Result: All nineteen isolates of Bacillus spp. showed antagonistic potential against S. rolfsii. Five Bacillus spp. isolates which showed higher inhibition of the pathogen were identified as B. subtilis, B. pacific, B. cereus, two isolates belonging to B. tropicus through molecular technique. The morphological, biochemical characters and growth promoting traits were recorded.
{"title":"Exploration of the Potential of Bacillus spp. as an Antagonist and PGPR against Stem and Pod Rot of Groundnut.","authors":"Gururaj Sunkad, Khadarbi ., Meghana S. Patil, Ranjana Joshi","doi":"10.18805/lr-5100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/lr-5100","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Stem and pod rot is an economically important soil borne disease of groundnut caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. resulting in significant yield losses across the globe. Bacillus spp. is rod-shaped and gram-positive bacterium which is predominantly found in the soil. Hence, considering the importance of the disease, the present investigation was carried out to evaluate the indigenous Bacillus spp. for plant growth promotion and to inhibit the pathogen in groundnut. Methods: Totally nineteen Bacillus spp. isolates from healthy groundnut rhizosphere and their antagonistic potential was recorded. The molecular characterization of five efficient Bacillus spp. was carried out using 16S rDNA. Later, morphological and biochemical characterization and plant growth promoting traits were recorded. Result: All nineteen isolates of Bacillus spp. showed antagonistic potential against S. rolfsii. Five Bacillus spp. isolates which showed higher inhibition of the pathogen were identified as B. subtilis, B. pacific, B. cereus, two isolates belonging to B. tropicus through molecular technique. The morphological, biochemical characters and growth promoting traits were recorded.","PeriodicalId":18181,"journal":{"name":"Legume Research","volume":"19 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135617444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Miljakoviæ, J. Marinkoviæ, V. Ðorðeviæ, M. Vasiljeviæ, B. Tintor, S. Jaæimoviæ, Ž. Ristiæ
Background: The effectiveness of soybean inoculants in field conditions may be improved through the joint application of rhizobia and plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). Plant nutrients may also contribute to the higher efficacy of microbial inoculants as well as the growth and development of plants. Methods: A field experiment was performed to evaluate the responses of the rhizomicrobiome and soybean to seed treatments with multiple bacterial strains (Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium and Azotobacter chroococcum), applied individually or in consortia, with and without nutrient complex (S, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, B and Mo). Result: Seed treatments with microbial consortia of Br. japonicum, B. subtilis/B. megaterium, A. chroococcum strains and nutrients had the highest effect on the abundance of total bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, actinomycetes and activity of dehidrogenase in the soybean rhizosphere. The highest effect on plant height, plant weight, pod number, pod weight, seed number and seed weight was obtained from treatment with Br. japonicum strains with nutrients, followed by co-inoculation with B. megaterium and A. chroococcum. In comparison with the control and Bradyrhizobium single inoculation, a statistically significant increase in the seed yield was recorded in treatment with Br. japonicum, B. megaterium, A. chroococcum and nutrients, reflecting the highest increase in protein and oil yield. The interactive effects of microbial consortia and nutrients could be used as promising seed technology for sustainable soybean cropping.
{"title":"Integrated use of Consortia-based Microbial Inoculants and Nutrient Complex Stimulates the Rhizosphere Microbiome and Soybean Productivity","authors":"D. Miljakoviæ, J. Marinkoviæ, V. Ðorðeviæ, M. Vasiljeviæ, B. Tintor, S. Jaæimoviæ, Ž. Ristiæ","doi":"10.18805/lrf-762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/lrf-762","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The effectiveness of soybean inoculants in field conditions may be improved through the joint application of rhizobia and plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). Plant nutrients may also contribute to the higher efficacy of microbial inoculants as well as the growth and development of plants. Methods: A field experiment was performed to evaluate the responses of the rhizomicrobiome and soybean to seed treatments with multiple bacterial strains (Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium and Azotobacter chroococcum), applied individually or in consortia, with and without nutrient complex (S, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, B and Mo). Result: Seed treatments with microbial consortia of Br. japonicum, B. subtilis/B. megaterium, A. chroococcum strains and nutrients had the highest effect on the abundance of total bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, actinomycetes and activity of dehidrogenase in the soybean rhizosphere. The highest effect on plant height, plant weight, pod number, pod weight, seed number and seed weight was obtained from treatment with Br. japonicum strains with nutrients, followed by co-inoculation with B. megaterium and A. chroococcum. In comparison with the control and Bradyrhizobium single inoculation, a statistically significant increase in the seed yield was recorded in treatment with Br. japonicum, B. megaterium, A. chroococcum and nutrients, reflecting the highest increase in protein and oil yield. The interactive effects of microbial consortia and nutrients could be used as promising seed technology for sustainable soybean cropping.","PeriodicalId":18181,"journal":{"name":"Legume Research","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135617650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Drought is the foremost environmental restraint that effects the growth and yield of chickpea. The mechanism of response to drought differs with genotype and growth stages of individual crop species. The activation of antioxidant enzymes is an alternate defensive system against oxidative stress that ultimately decide development of putative drought tolerant mechanism. Methods: Eighty-three chickpea genotypes were grown under normal and drought stress conditions and leaf samples were used to estimate different biochemical parameters including total sugar, lipid peroxidation (MDA), chlorophyll, proline and protein along with estimation of activities of different antioxidant enzymes viz., catalase (CAT) (EC 1.11.1.6), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) (EC 1.11.1.11), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POX). Result: Positively significant correlation was found among proline under control with proline underwent stress (r=0.441), MDA under stress with proline under control (r=0.365) and MDA under control (r=0.336) at 1% level of significance. Positively significant correlation was also investigated between SOD under stressed condition with SOD under control (r=0.665), POX (0.449) and APX under stress (0.423), CAT under control (0.471) and CAT under stress condition (0.374) at 1% probability level. Heatmaps along with dendrograms represented expression levels of different antioxidant enzymes activities that showed variations among different genotypes. In conclusion. total sugar, proline and Malondialdehyde, have been increased under drought stressed condition whilst total chlorophyll and protein were decreased. While antioxidant enzymes viz., POX, APX, CAT and SOD levels increased under drought stressed conditions.
{"title":"Effect of Different Biochemical Parameters and Antioxidant Enzymes Activities on Drought Indices in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)","authors":"Rajitha Sistu, Sushma Tiwari, M.K. Tripathi, Sangeeta Singh, Neha Gupta, Niraj Tripathi, Ruchi Asati, Rakesh Kumar Yadav","doi":"10.18805/lr-5204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/lr-5204","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Drought is the foremost environmental restraint that effects the growth and yield of chickpea. The mechanism of response to drought differs with genotype and growth stages of individual crop species. The activation of antioxidant enzymes is an alternate defensive system against oxidative stress that ultimately decide development of putative drought tolerant mechanism. Methods: Eighty-three chickpea genotypes were grown under normal and drought stress conditions and leaf samples were used to estimate different biochemical parameters including total sugar, lipid peroxidation (MDA), chlorophyll, proline and protein along with estimation of activities of different antioxidant enzymes viz., catalase (CAT) (EC 1.11.1.6), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) (EC 1.11.1.11), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POX). Result: Positively significant correlation was found among proline under control with proline underwent stress (r=0.441), MDA under stress with proline under control (r=0.365) and MDA under control (r=0.336) at 1% level of significance. Positively significant correlation was also investigated between SOD under stressed condition with SOD under control (r=0.665), POX (0.449) and APX under stress (0.423), CAT under control (0.471) and CAT under stress condition (0.374) at 1% probability level. Heatmaps along with dendrograms represented expression levels of different antioxidant enzymes activities that showed variations among different genotypes. In conclusion. total sugar, proline and Malondialdehyde, have been increased under drought stressed condition whilst total chlorophyll and protein were decreased. While antioxidant enzymes viz., POX, APX, CAT and SOD levels increased under drought stressed conditions.","PeriodicalId":18181,"journal":{"name":"Legume Research","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135732570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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