At the end of 2014, the Bolivian economy, despite facing negative external shocks (falling oil prices), registered a high economic growth in the region of Latin America. Monetary policy was aimed at keeping the government bond rate close to zero and raising liquidity levels in the economy (monetary policy expansive). On the part of the government, the two main sources of income of the nonfinancial public sector (SPNF) are: i) tax revenues and ii) the sale of hydrocarbons (gas), at that time Bolivia's fiscal policy was countercyclical To the behavior of the Latin American Product (increases in fiscal expenditure in infrastructure). These antecedents, aid to the interest of the study of the coordination of the economic policy in Bolivia. The structure of a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Model (DSGE) helps us to understand the transmission channels of shocks (in Taylor rule, Phillips curve and public investment) and how the monetary and fiscal policy reacts to these shocks.
{"title":"Impulse on the Aggregate Demand in Bolivia through the Coordination of the Monetary and Fiscal Policy in Crisis Time","authors":"Joab Valdivia, Daney David Valdivia","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2991030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2991030","url":null,"abstract":"At the end of 2014, the Bolivian economy, despite facing negative external shocks (falling oil prices), registered a high economic growth in the region of Latin America. Monetary policy was aimed at keeping the government bond rate close to zero and raising liquidity levels in the economy (monetary policy expansive). On the part of the government, the two main sources of income of the nonfinancial public sector (SPNF) are: i) tax revenues and ii) the sale of hydrocarbons (gas), at that time Bolivia's fiscal policy was countercyclical To the behavior of the Latin American Product (increases in fiscal expenditure in infrastructure). These antecedents, aid to the interest of the study of the coordination of the economic policy in Bolivia. The structure of a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Model (DSGE) helps us to understand the transmission channels of shocks (in Taylor rule, Phillips curve and public investment) and how the monetary and fiscal policy reacts to these shocks.","PeriodicalId":18190,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Economics eJournal","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77486513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Colombian copyright law does not expressly incorporate plagiarism as a crime. Nonetheless, Colombian courts have proclaimed plagiarism to be an act worthy of incarceration. Colombian copyright law protects moral rights of the author as human rights. In this regard, moral rights enjoy special protection that economic rights, for instance, do not have. Somewhat counter-intuitively, protecting moral rights as human rights, without set boundaries, may unbalance the copyright system and even violate other human rights, which is the case in Colombia. First, this Article describes the special protection of moral rights as a guaranteed human right under Colombian law. Second, it explains the Sentencia de Casación No. 31403 from 2010, a case law sentencing a professor to jail term for plagiarism. Finally, this Article analyses the said case law and concludes that the protection of moral rights as human rights in the terms established by the Colombian Supreme Court may unbalance the copyright system and violate other human rights.
{"title":"Colombia – A Place Where You Could Be Sentenced to Two Years in Jail for Plagiarism: A Crime That Does Not Exist!","authors":"Marcela Palacio Puerta","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2954038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2954038","url":null,"abstract":"Colombian copyright law does not expressly incorporate plagiarism as a crime. Nonetheless, Colombian courts have proclaimed plagiarism to be an act worthy of incarceration. Colombian copyright law protects moral rights of the author as human rights. In this regard, moral rights enjoy special protection that economic rights, for instance, do not have. Somewhat counter-intuitively, protecting moral rights as human rights, without set boundaries, may unbalance the copyright system and even violate other human rights, which is the case in Colombia. First, this Article describes the special protection of moral rights as a guaranteed human right under Colombian law. Second, it explains the Sentencia de Casación No. 31403 from 2010, a case law sentencing a professor to jail term for plagiarism. Finally, this Article analyses the said case law and concludes that the protection of moral rights as human rights in the terms established by the Colombian Supreme Court may unbalance the copyright system and violate other human rights.","PeriodicalId":18190,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Economics eJournal","volume":"296 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82859824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Economic growth has become one of the leitmotivs academicians and pundits ask once and again to assess democratic endurance over time. While large portion of the literature posits that economic growth is positive for democracy (eg. Przeworski et al. 2000), for other scholars it is a profoundly destabilizing force (eg. Olson 1963; Huntington 1968). This paper fills these contrasting views asking whether economic growth can undermine democratic competition. We hypothesize that the relation between economic growth and party competition is mediated by the strength of political institutions and free expression. Economic growth promotes incumbency advantage. Rulers can artificially extend this advantage by narrowing the space for negative coverage and dissident voices as long as they have political room for maneuvering. We leverage exogenously-driven growth in Latin America to test this argument. Over the past two decades, the region experienced accelerated growth as a result of a global commodity boom. Using data for 18 Latin American countries during this period, we show that faster economic growth led to significant increases in incumbency advantage in the legislature only where free speech was under attack. Our findings have important implications for literatures on democratization, natural resources, and economic voting.
随着时间的推移，经济增长已经成为学者和权威人士再三要求评估民主耐力的主要动机之一。虽然大部分文献假设经济增长对民主是积极的(例如。Przeworski et al. 2000)，对于其他学者来说，它是一种深刻的不稳定力量。奥尔森1963;亨廷顿1968)。本文填补了这些截然不同的观点，即经济增长是否会破坏民主竞争。我们假设经济增长和政党竞争之间的关系是由政治制度和言论自由的强度所中介的。经济增长促进在位优势。统治者可以通过缩小负面报道和异见声音的空间来人为地扩大这一优势，只要他们有政治上的回旋余地。我们利用拉丁美洲的外生性增长来验证这一观点。在过去20年里，由于全球大宗商品繁荣，该地区经历了加速增长。我们利用这一时期18个拉丁美洲国家的数据表明，只有在言论自由受到攻击的地方，更快的经济增长才会导致立法机构在职优势的显著增加。我们的研究结果对民主化、自然资源和经济投票的研究具有重要意义。
{"title":"Explaining the Erosion of Democracy: Can Economic Growth Hinder Democracy?","authors":"A. Pérez-Liñán, D. Altman","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2929501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2929501","url":null,"abstract":"Economic growth has become one of the leitmotivs academicians and pundits ask once and again to assess democratic endurance over time. While large portion of the literature posits that economic growth is positive for democracy (eg. Przeworski et al. 2000), for other scholars it is a profoundly destabilizing force (eg. Olson 1963; Huntington 1968). This paper fills these contrasting views asking whether economic growth can undermine democratic competition. We hypothesize that the relation between economic growth and party competition is mediated by the strength of political institutions and free expression. Economic growth promotes incumbency advantage. Rulers can artificially extend this advantage by narrowing the space for negative coverage and dissident voices as long as they have political room for maneuvering. We leverage exogenously-driven growth in Latin America to test this argument. Over the past two decades, the region experienced accelerated growth as a result of a global commodity boom. Using data for 18 Latin American countries during this period, we show that faster economic growth led to significant increases in incumbency advantage in the legislature only where free speech was under attack. Our findings have important implications for literatures on democratization, natural resources, and economic voting.","PeriodicalId":18190,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Economics eJournal","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75738148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Spanish Abstract: Este documento tiene por objetivo realizar un análisis de la distribución del ingreso en Colombia destacando las heterogeneidades en la explicación de la desigualdad para cada departamento del país. Se toma como referencia el coeficiente de Gini y se estima su descomposición por fuentes de ingreso entre 2002 y 2015. En los resultados se encuentra que hay diferencias en la importancia de las fuentes de ingreso que explican la reducción de la desigualdad en Colombia, lo que se asocia a las características específicas de los departamentos y los cambios en la composición ocupacional, siendo la reducción de la participación del ingreso no laboral y su desigualdad una de las fuentes de ingreso más destacadas en la explicación de los cambios en el coeficiente de Gini. English Abstract: This paper analyses the income distribution in Colombia focusing in differences between departments and showing how every department has different explanations of inequality. In order to do that Gini coefficient is considered and its decomposition by sources of income is estimated from 2002 to 2015. The main result is that every department has different explanations of the income inequality, those heterogeneities are related with social, economic and occupational characteristics. In this research it is found that one of the most important source of income that explain the reduction of Gini coefficient is the non-labor income and the recent reduction in its participation and inequality.
{"title":"Descomposición del coeficiente de Gini en Colombia por fuentes de ingreso (Decomposition of the Gini Coefficient by Sources of Income in Colombia)","authors":"Roberto Sánchez Torres","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2870784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2870784","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Spanish Abstract:</b> Este documento tiene por objetivo realizar un análisis de la distribución del ingreso en Colombia destacando las heterogeneidades en la explicación de la desigualdad para cada departamento del país. Se toma como referencia el coeficiente de Gini y se estima su descomposición por fuentes de ingreso entre 2002 y 2015. En los resultados se encuentra que hay diferencias en la importancia de las fuentes de ingreso que explican la reducción de la desigualdad en Colombia, lo que se asocia a las características específicas de los departamentos y los cambios en la composición ocupacional, siendo la reducción de la participación del ingreso no laboral y su desigualdad una de las fuentes de ingreso más destacadas en la explicación de los cambios en el coeficiente de Gini. <b>English Abstract:</b> This paper analyses the income distribution in Colombia focusing in differences between departments and showing how every department has different explanations of inequality. In order to do that Gini coefficient is considered and its decomposition by sources of income is estimated from 2002 to 2015. The main result is that every department has different explanations of the income inequality, those heterogeneities are related with social, economic and occupational characteristics. In this research it is found that one of the most important source of income that explain the reduction of Gini coefficient is the non-labor income and the recent reduction in its participation and inequality.","PeriodicalId":18190,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Economics eJournal","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74671137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper aim to study the correlation between the growth of micro and small businesses and the evolution of the national GDP. In order to develop this study, the period from 2003 to 2013 of both variables was considered. Thus, GDP and Unemployment Average Rate data provided by the Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics (IBGE) was collected, as well as Micro and Small Businesses information provided by SEBRAE. From that point, points of analysis relevant to the study were collected and the statistical method of linear correlation was applied, in order to verify the existence or absence of a correlation between the study variables. The results indicate a linear correlation between the objects of study in the study period.
{"title":"Estudo de correlação entre o crescimento das micro e pequenas empresas, a evolução do PIB brasileiro e o desemprego (Study of Correlation between the Growth of Micro and Small Business, the Evolution of Brazilian GDP and Unemployment)","authors":"F. Santos, É. Vieira","doi":"10.22567/REP.V5I2.388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22567/REP.V5I2.388","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aim to study the correlation between the growth of micro and small businesses and the evolution of the national GDP. In order to develop this study, the period from 2003 to 2013 of both variables was considered. Thus, GDP and Unemployment Average Rate data provided by the Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics (IBGE) was collected, as well as Micro and Small Businesses information provided by SEBRAE. From that point, points of analysis relevant to the study were collected and the statistical method of linear correlation was applied, in order to verify the existence or absence of a correlation between the study variables. The results indicate a linear correlation between the objects of study in the study period.","PeriodicalId":18190,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Economics eJournal","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76160625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper studies the role of council size on government corruption in Brazil. We leverage on the discontinuous relationship between the population size of municipalities and council size dictated by the law to implement a regression discontinuity design. We document a substantial positive causal effect of the number of city councilors on the incidence of corruption detected during federal audits. Results also show that hav- ing an extra councilor does not affect the size of the public budget, but in uences its composition. It increases expenditures related to public housing and recreation, which we interpret as items related to clientelis- tic policies. Finally, we find a negative relationship between council size and its productivity: namely, the numbers of legislative bills proposed by councilor and approved are both lower in municipalities with larger councils.
{"title":"Corruption and Legislature Size: Evidence from Brazil","authors":"Diogo Britto, Stefano Fiorin","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2859940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2859940","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the role of council size on government corruption in Brazil. We leverage on the discontinuous relationship between the population size of municipalities and council size dictated by the law to implement a regression discontinuity design. We document a substantial positive causal effect of the number of city councilors on the incidence of corruption detected during federal audits. Results also show that hav- ing an extra councilor does not affect the size of the public budget, but in uences its composition. It increases expenditures related to public housing and recreation, which we interpret as items related to clientelis- tic policies. Finally, we find a negative relationship between council size and its productivity: namely, the numbers of legislative bills proposed by councilor and approved are both lower in municipalities with larger councils.","PeriodicalId":18190,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Economics eJournal","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82504315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper introduces an index that seeks to objectively measure tailwind, a term used to describe favorable external conditions in commodity and financial markets that can lead to improved macroeconomic performance. Argentina is and has historically been a net exporter of commodities and a net importer of capital, therefore it benefits from rising prices in international commodity markets and the availability of low cost long-term capital. The index is partly based on the framework of “push” and “pull” factors developed in the early 1990s to explain international capital flows into emerging markets economies and my own experience as an international investment banker during the nineties.
{"title":"Measuring Tailwind in an Emerging Market Economy: The Case of Argentina","authors":"Emilio Ocampo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2860609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2860609","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces an index that seeks to objectively measure tailwind, a term used to describe favorable external conditions in commodity and financial markets that can lead to improved macroeconomic performance. Argentina is and has historically been a net exporter of commodities and a net importer of capital, therefore it benefits from rising prices in international commodity markets and the availability of low cost long-term capital. The index is partly based on the framework of “push” and “pull” factors developed in the early 1990s to explain international capital flows into emerging markets economies and my own experience as an international investment banker during the nineties.","PeriodicalId":18190,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Economics eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76286286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We evaluate the impact of a female sterilization campaign implemented by the Peruvian government in 1996 and 1997 that we estimate impacted nearly 70,000 women. We use an inverse probability weighting (IPW) estimator that accounts for contamination in the available data. The contamination arises because while we observe sterilization status, we do not know if a given sterilization occurred as part of the campaign or whether it was chosen without influence from the campaign. The distinction is important because women targeted by the campaign and women who opted for sterilization outside of the campaign likely differ in many aspects, and we suspect the impact of sterilization is different for each group. We show that it is not necessary to fully observe whether a sterilized woman underwent the procedure because of the campaign to estimate unbiased average treatment effect of the government campaign. It is sufficient to estimate ― based on auxiliary data ― the conditional probability that if a sterilization is observed, it occurred because of the campaign. Using the proposed IPW estimator, we find that women sterilized because of the campaign had on average fewer 0.95 children. We also find substantial and statistically significant improvements in the height for age ― a measure of health ― of girls whose mothers were sterilized because of the campaign, and small but positive and statistically significant effects on years of schooling for boys.
{"title":"Treatment Effects Using Inverse Probability Weighting and Contaminated Treatment Data: An Application to the Evaluation of a Government Female Sterilization Campaign in Peru","authors":"Tanya S. Byker, Italo A. Gutierrez","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2842017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2842017","url":null,"abstract":"We evaluate the impact of a female sterilization campaign implemented by the Peruvian government in 1996 and 1997 that we estimate impacted nearly 70,000 women. We use an inverse probability weighting (IPW) estimator that accounts for contamination in the available data. The contamination arises because while we observe sterilization status, we do not know if a given sterilization occurred as part of the campaign or whether it was chosen without influence from the campaign. The distinction is important because women targeted by the campaign and women who opted for sterilization outside of the campaign likely differ in many aspects, and we suspect the impact of sterilization is different for each group. We show that it is not necessary to fully observe whether a sterilized woman underwent the procedure because of the campaign to estimate unbiased average treatment effect of the government campaign. It is sufficient to estimate ― based on auxiliary data ― the conditional probability that if a sterilization is observed, it occurred because of the campaign. Using the proposed IPW estimator, we find that women sterilized because of the campaign had on average fewer 0.95 children. We also find substantial and statistically significant improvements in the height for age ― a measure of health ― of girls whose mothers were sterilized because of the campaign, and small but positive and statistically significant effects on years of schooling for boys.","PeriodicalId":18190,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Economics eJournal","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82611854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Illegal economic activities are not only associated with higher levels of violent crime, they may also increase unforeseen risks and cause other negative unintended consequences for populations. This paper investigates the causal effects of illegal gold mining on malaria incidence. For this purpose, I employ unique Colombian satellite data with the location of illegal gold mines matched to municipal governmental health reports on the number of malaria cases. To identify causal effects, I use preexisting geochemical gold anomalies as an instrumental variable for illegal gold production. I find positive and large effects of illegal gold mining on malaria incidence. My estimates suggest that when an area containing illegal gold mines increases by 1 hectare, the annual parasite index for malaria increases by 1.04 cases per 100,000 inhabitants.
{"title":"Unintended Effects of Illegal Economic Activities: Illegal Gold Mining and Malaria","authors":"S. Rozo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2834623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2834623","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Illegal economic activities are not only associated with higher levels of violent crime, they may also increase unforeseen risks and cause other negative unintended consequences for populations. This paper investigates the causal effects of illegal gold mining on malaria incidence. For this purpose, I employ unique Colombian satellite data with the location of illegal gold mines matched to municipal governmental health reports on the number of malaria cases. To identify causal effects, I use preexisting geochemical gold anomalies as an instrumental variable for illegal gold production. I find positive and large effects of illegal gold mining on malaria incidence. My estimates suggest that when an area containing illegal gold mines increases by 1 hectare, the annual parasite index for malaria increases by 1.04 cases per 100,000 inhabitants.","PeriodicalId":18190,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Economics eJournal","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91062693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Valerie Cerra, A. Cuevas, Carlos Góes, Izabela Karpowicz, Troy D. Matheson, Issouf Samaké, S. Vtyurina
Inadequate infrastructure has been widely viewed as a principal barrier to growth and development in Latin America and the Caribbean. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of infrastructure in the region and highlights key areas in which infrastructure networks can be enhanced. The public and private sectors play complementary roles in improving the infrastructure network. Therefore, it is critical to strengthen public investment management processes as well as the regulatory framework, including to ensure an appropriate mix of financing and funding for projects and to address environmental concerns.
{"title":"Highways to Heaven: Infrastructure Determinants and Trends in Latin America and the Caribbean","authors":"Valerie Cerra, A. Cuevas, Carlos Góes, Izabela Karpowicz, Troy D. Matheson, Issouf Samaké, S. Vtyurina","doi":"10.24294/JIPD.V1I2.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/JIPD.V1I2.66","url":null,"abstract":"Inadequate infrastructure has been widely viewed as a principal barrier to growth and development in Latin America and the Caribbean. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of infrastructure in the region and highlights key areas in which infrastructure networks can be enhanced. The public and private sectors play complementary roles in improving the infrastructure network. Therefore, it is critical to strengthen public investment management processes as well as the regulatory framework, including to ensure an appropriate mix of financing and funding for projects and to address environmental concerns.","PeriodicalId":18190,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Economics eJournal","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81661665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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