Pub Date : 2018-06-22DOI: 10.18601/01245996.V20N39.10
Daniel Francisco Ossa
Este trabajo revisa la discusión sobre el método más adecuado para calcular la productividad. Toma en cuenta la productividad total de los factores, la productividad del capital y la productividad laboral, así como sus interpretaciones, alcances y relaciones. Además, analiza el impacto de esta discusión en la evolución del salario mínimo colombiano durante el periodo 2001-2016. Por último, discute qué relación existe entre el crecimiento de la productividad y la distribución del ingreso entre el capital y el trabajo, proponiendo una crítica a la visión neoclásica.
{"title":"Productividad Y Distribución Del Ingreso: Implicaciones Sobre El Salario Mínimo Colombiano, 2001-2016 (Productivity and Income Distribution: Implications for the Colombian Minimum Wage, 2001-2016)","authors":"Daniel Francisco Ossa","doi":"10.18601/01245996.V20N39.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18601/01245996.V20N39.10","url":null,"abstract":"Este trabajo revisa la discusión sobre el método más adecuado para calcular la productividad. Toma en cuenta la productividad total de los factores, la productividad del capital y la productividad laboral, así como sus interpretaciones, alcances y relaciones. Además, analiza el impacto de esta discusión en la evolución del salario mínimo colombiano durante el periodo 2001-2016. Por último, discute qué relación existe entre el crecimiento de la productividad y la distribución del ingreso entre el capital y el trabajo, proponiendo una crítica a la visión neoclásica.","PeriodicalId":18190,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Economics eJournal","volume":"10858 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78555888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Isabel Granada, Daniel Pérez Jaramillo, Mateo Uribe-Castro
Ridesharing services have rapidly expanded in Latin America, unleashing protests and incumbent's disapproval. Understanding the net effects derived form these services is key for policy makers and the current discussion on technology and regulation. Existing literature has traditionally focused on the case of developed countries and general benefits from the user perspective. However, ridesharing services have also become a financial alternative for acquiring new vehicles in developing countries, thus having effects on ownership and motorization rates in urban areas. We estimate the effect of Uber on motorpark reallocation using data from Colombia's National Unified Transportation Registry. We follow a difference-in-difference approach with Uber-operating municipalities as treatment units and other municipalities as control observations. Estimates show statistically significant increases on registries for small-size cars after Uber entry and declines on new taxi units.
{"title":"Ride-Sharing Apps and Reallocation of Motorpark: Evidence from Colombia","authors":"Isabel Granada, Daniel Pérez Jaramillo, Mateo Uribe-Castro","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3190831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3190831","url":null,"abstract":"Ridesharing services have rapidly expanded in Latin America, unleashing protests and incumbent's disapproval. Understanding the net effects derived form these services is key for policy makers and the current discussion on technology and regulation. Existing literature has traditionally focused on the case of developed countries and general benefits from the user perspective. However, ridesharing services have also become a financial alternative for acquiring new vehicles in developing countries, thus having effects on ownership and motorization rates in urban areas. We estimate the effect of Uber on motorpark reallocation using data from Colombia's National Unified Transportation Registry. We follow a difference-in-difference approach with Uber-operating municipalities as treatment units and other municipalities as control observations. Estimates show statistically significant increases on registries for small-size cars after Uber entry and declines on new taxi units.","PeriodicalId":18190,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Economics eJournal","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86926290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We show how experience and dynamic learning processes reduce the obstacles to optimization imposed by information frictions when individuals newly enter the formal sector economy. Most importantly, we provide causal evidence on the exact mechanisms through which individuals learn about the functioning of government programs. To this aim, we exploit novel and rich administrative data on the universe of taxpayers in Ecuador and the introduction of generous tax deduction policies. Key to the identification of information transmission is exogenous worker mobility between firms. We find that the spread of information is driven by mobility of managers and tax experts.
{"title":"Information Frictions and Learning Dynamics: Evidence from Tax Avoidance in Ecuador","authors":"A. Bohne, J. Nimczik","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3185229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3185229","url":null,"abstract":"We show how experience and dynamic learning processes reduce the obstacles to optimization imposed by information frictions when individuals newly enter the formal sector economy. Most importantly, we provide causal evidence on the exact mechanisms through which individuals learn about the functioning of government programs. To this aim, we exploit novel and rich administrative data on the universe of taxpayers in Ecuador and the introduction of generous tax deduction policies. Key to the identification of information transmission is exogenous worker mobility between firms. We find that the spread of information is driven by mobility of managers and tax experts.","PeriodicalId":18190,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Economics eJournal","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83732238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With non-homothetic preferences, a monopolistic competition equilibrium is inefficient. In a setting with heterogeneous firms that charge variable markups, this paper finds a sufficient statistic for changes in allocative efficiency that can be directly measured with data. The model also predicts differential effects of competition and cost shocks on the reallocation across domestic firms, which I test empirically with firm and industry-level data in Chile, a country that has experienced large exchange rate shocks. I find important changes in misallocation over time due to the way firms pass-through productivity gains into markups. From industry-year variation, there is evidence that industries that import a larger share of their inputs become more misallocated as a result of exchange rate appreciations compared to “open” sectors whose output competition becomes fiercer. The observations of markup responses at the firm level are consistent with the aggregate measure of allocative efficiency.
{"title":"Markups and Misallocation with Evidence from an Exchange Rate Appreciation","authors":"Ariel Weinberger","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2644604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2644604","url":null,"abstract":"With non-homothetic preferences, a monopolistic competition equilibrium is inefficient. In a setting with heterogeneous firms that charge variable markups, this paper finds a sufficient statistic for changes in allocative efficiency that can be directly measured with data. The model also predicts differential effects of competition and cost shocks on the reallocation across domestic firms, which I test empirically with firm and industry-level data in Chile, a country that has experienced large exchange rate shocks. I find important changes in misallocation over time due to the way firms pass-through productivity gains into markups. From industry-year variation, there is evidence that industries that import a larger share of their inputs become more misallocated as a result of exchange rate appreciations compared to “open” sectors whose output competition becomes fiercer. The observations of markup responses at the firm level are consistent with the aggregate measure of allocative efficiency.","PeriodicalId":18190,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Economics eJournal","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74281618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Spanish Abstract: El objetivo principal del presente trabajo, es analizar el efecto que tiene la educación, la edad, el acceso a TIC’s y activos físicos y financieros, además de otras características personales y socioeconómicas, en la probabilidad de ser trabajador por cuenta propia, formal e informal. Para el logro de este propósito, se emplea la información a nivel urbano para las 21 ciudades principales en Colombia, de la Gran Encuesta Integrada de Hogares –GEIH–, del Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística –DANE–, y de la Encuesta Longitudinal Colombiana de la Universidad de los Andes –ELCA–, para 2010 y 2013, aplicando los modelos de variable policótoma, corrigiendo el sesgo de selección. Como principales resultados, se encontraron que los activos físicos y el acceso al crédito, tienen un efecto marginal positivo sobre la probabilidad de ser trabajador por cuenta propia. De otra parte, el efecto marginal de la educación fue negativo, a menor nivel educativo, mayor la probabilidad de autoempleo, sobre todo el informal. English Abstract: The main objective of this paper is to analyze the effect of education, age, access to ICTs and physical and financial assets, as well as other personal and socioeconomic characteristics, on the probability of being self-employed, formal and informal. For the achievement of this purpose, information will be used at the urban level for the 21 main cities in Colombia, the Great Integrated Household Survey – GEIH –, the National Administrative Department of Statistics – DANE –, for the year 2010, and the Colombian Longitudinal Survey of the Universidad de los Andes – ELCA –, for the year 2013, applying the models that have a qualitative binomial and multinomial dependent variable, correcting the selection bias. As main results, it was found that physical assets and access to credit have a positive marginal effect on the probability of being self-employed. On the other hand, the marginal effect of education was negative, at a lower educational level, the greater the probability of self-employment, especially the informal one.
摘要:本文的主要目的是分析教育、年龄、信息通信技术、物质和金融资产的获取，以及其他个人和社会经济特征对正式和非正式自主创业可能性的影响。实现这一目的,将信息用于城市一级21个城市主要在哥伦比亚,大综合家庭调查—GEIH—国家行政部门,纵向调查统计—丹麦人—,哥伦比亚安第斯大学—ELCA—2010年和2013年,policótoma变量模型,运用纠正选择偏倚。本研究的主要目的是评估个体经营的可能性，并确定个体经营的风险因素。另一方面，教育的边际效应是负的，教育水平越低，自主创业的可能性就越大，尤其是非正式的。英文摘要:本文的主要目的是分析教育、年龄、获取信息通信技术、物质和金融资产以及其他个人和社会经济特征对正式和非正式自营职业可能性的影响。For the成就的资料将用来at the urban level For the main 21城市in the Great综合家庭调查哥伦比亚—GEIH——丹麦人—统计,《全国行政司”,在2010年,及少数纵向调查of the los Andes大学—ELCA—,2013年,2002年《models已经定性定理和multinomial dependent variable, correcting the selection”。主要结果是，实物资产和获得信贷的机会对个体经营的可能性有积极的边际影响。另一方面，教育的边际效应是消极的，在教育水平较低的情况下，自营职业，特别是非正规职业的可能性较大。
{"title":"¿Ser o No Ser, Qué Determina El Autoempleo en Colombia? Un Estudio Multinomial Para Los Años 2010 Y 2013. (To Be or Not to Be, What Determines Self-Employment in Colombia? A Study Multinomial for the Years 2010 and 2013.)","authors":"Geovanny Castro Aristizabal, Edy Lorena Burbano Vallejo, Maribel Castillo Caicedo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3144590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3144590","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Spanish Abstract:</b> El objetivo principal del presente trabajo, es analizar el efecto que tiene la educación, la edad, el acceso a TIC’s y activos físicos y financieros, además de otras características personales y socioeconómicas, en la probabilidad de ser trabajador por cuenta propia, formal e informal. Para el logro de este propósito, se emplea la información a nivel urbano para las 21 ciudades principales en Colombia, de la Gran Encuesta Integrada de Hogares –GEIH–, del Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística –DANE–, y de la Encuesta Longitudinal Colombiana de la Universidad de los Andes –ELCA–, para 2010 y 2013, aplicando los modelos de variable policótoma, corrigiendo el sesgo de selección. Como principales resultados, se encontraron que los activos físicos y el acceso al crédito, tienen un efecto marginal positivo sobre la probabilidad de ser trabajador por cuenta propia. De otra parte, el efecto marginal de la educación fue negativo, a menor nivel educativo, mayor la probabilidad de autoempleo, sobre todo el informal. <b>English Abstract:</b> The main objective of this paper is to analyze the effect of education, age, access to ICTs and physical and financial assets, as well as other personal and socioeconomic characteristics, on the probability of being self-employed, formal and informal. For the achievement of this purpose, information will be used at the urban level for the 21 main cities in Colombia, the Great Integrated Household Survey – GEIH –, the National Administrative Department of Statistics – DANE –, for the year 2010, and the Colombian Longitudinal Survey of the Universidad de los Andes – ELCA –, for the year 2013, applying the models that have a qualitative binomial and multinomial dependent variable, correcting the selection bias. As main results, it was found that physical assets and access to credit have a positive marginal effect on the probability of being self-employed. On the other hand, the marginal effect of education was negative, at a lower educational level, the greater the probability of self-employment, especially the informal one.","PeriodicalId":18190,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Economics eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83065903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Last week, lawyers unsealed a complaint filed in federal court in Miami, Florida on behalf of Venezuela’s state-owned oil company, Petroleos de Venezuela, S.A. (“PDVSA”), against a group of 44 oil trading companies, banks and individuals. The suit alleges that the defendants participated in a 14-year scheme to rig bids, underpay on purchases and overcharge on sales, allegedly resulting in billions of dollars of losses to PDVSA. The lawsuit was brought by an entity called the PDVSA US Litigation Trust, which was formed for the purpose of pursuing potential claims by PDVSA, and to which PDVSA has reportedly assigned its litigation rights related to the alleged bribery scheme but retained the right to receive the net recovery the Trust obtains. The decision by PDVSA to pursue these claims in the United States at this time via a litigation trust raises a number of interesting legal and strategic issues not just for the defendants named in the suit, but also for PDVSA’s bondholders and other creditors. With respect to the litigation, there are questions as to whether the Trust has sufficient standing to be a claim, whether some or all of the claims will be barred by applicable statutes of limitation, and whether the Trust will be able to obtain the cooperation from PDVSA necessary to respond discovery requests. The case may also generate a reaction by financial creditors of PDVSA, who until now faced the prospect of pursuing claims to billions of dollars in defaulted PDVSA bonds without any known PDVSA assets in the United States, other than PDVSA’s indirect interest in CITGO Petroleum Corporation. Those creditors might now be able to lay claim to the economic value of the Trust’s lawsuit or to any recovery, on the theory that the Trust is pursuing the claims for PDVSA’s sole benefit and PDVSA has the right to receive any recovery assuming no impediment posed by any then-pending U.S. sanctions. The potential ability to attach the Trust’s recoveries may convince creditors to pursue actions against PDVSA in order to position themselves as the first beneficiaries of those recoveries, or may otherwise provide the proverbial “carrot” to offer creditors willing to restructure their claims as part of an eventual global restructuring of the debt of PDVSA, and possibly even the Republic.
上周，律师们公布了一份代表委内瑞拉国有石油公司Petroleos de Venezuela, S.A.(简称PDVSA)向佛罗里达州迈阿密联邦法院提交的诉状，诉状涉及44家石油贸易公司、银行和个人。诉讼称，被告参与了一项为期14年的阴谋，操纵投标，在采购时少付货款，在销售时多收费用，据称这给PDVSA造成了数十亿美元的损失。这起诉讼是由一个名为PDVSA美国诉讼信托的实体提起的，该实体成立的目的是寻求PDVSA的潜在索赔，据报道，PDVSA已将其与涉嫌贿赂计划相关的诉讼权利转让给该实体，但保留了接收该信托获得的净追回的权利。PDVSA此时决定通过诉讼信托在美国提起诉讼，这不仅对诉讼中的被告，也对PDVSA的债券持有人和其他债权人提出了一系列有趣的法律和战略问题。关于诉讼，存在一些问题，如信托是否有足够的立场作为索赔，部分或全部索赔是否会被适用的诉讼时效法规禁止，以及信托是否能够获得PDVSA的必要合作以回应发现请求。此案还可能引发PDVSA金融债权人的反应，这些债权人目前面临着对PDVSA数十亿美元违约债券的索赔，除了PDVSA在CITGO石油公司的间接权益外，PDVSA在美国没有任何已知资产。这些债权人现在可能可以对信托基金诉讼的经济价值或任何追偿提出要求，理由是信托基金是为了PDVSA的唯一利益而追偿，PDVSA有权获得任何追偿，前提是当时美国的任何制裁都不会对其构成阻碍。信托公司收回资产的潜在能力可能会说服债权人对PDVSA采取行动，以便将自己定位为这些收回资产的第一受益人，或者可能会提供众所周知的“胡萝卜”，让债权人愿意重组他们的债权，作为PDVSA(甚至可能是委内瑞拉共和国)最终全球债务重组的一部分。
{"title":"PDVSA US Litigation Trust: What Creditors Should Know About the Trust, Its Claims and Its Implications for Venezuela's Restructuring","authors":"Richard Cooper, Boaz S. Morag","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.3141597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3141597","url":null,"abstract":"Last week, lawyers unsealed a complaint filed in federal court in Miami, Florida on behalf of Venezuela’s state-owned oil company, Petroleos de Venezuela, S.A. (“PDVSA”), against a group of 44 oil trading companies, banks and individuals. The suit alleges that the defendants participated in a 14-year scheme to rig bids, underpay on purchases and overcharge on sales, allegedly resulting in billions of dollars of losses to PDVSA. The lawsuit was brought by an entity called the PDVSA US Litigation Trust, which was formed for the purpose of pursuing potential claims by PDVSA, and to which PDVSA has reportedly assigned its litigation rights related to the alleged bribery scheme but retained the right to receive the net recovery the Trust obtains. \u0000The decision by PDVSA to pursue these claims in the United States at this time via a litigation trust raises a number of interesting legal and strategic issues not just for the defendants named in the suit, but also for PDVSA’s bondholders and other creditors. With respect to the litigation, there are questions as to whether the Trust has sufficient standing to be a claim, whether some or all of the claims will be barred by applicable statutes of limitation, and whether the Trust will be able to obtain the cooperation from PDVSA necessary to respond discovery requests. The case may also generate a reaction by financial creditors of PDVSA, who until now faced the prospect of pursuing claims to billions of dollars in defaulted PDVSA bonds without any known PDVSA assets in the United States, other than PDVSA’s indirect interest in CITGO Petroleum Corporation. Those creditors might now be able to lay claim to the economic value of the Trust’s lawsuit or to any recovery, on the theory that the Trust is pursuing the claims for PDVSA’s sole benefit and PDVSA has the right to receive any recovery assuming no impediment posed by any then-pending U.S. sanctions. The potential ability to attach the Trust’s recoveries may convince creditors to pursue actions against PDVSA in order to position themselves as the first beneficiaries of those recoveries, or may otherwise provide the proverbial “carrot” to offer creditors willing to restructure their claims as part of an eventual global restructuring of the debt of PDVSA, and possibly even the Republic.","PeriodicalId":18190,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Economics eJournal","volume":"243 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86703724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-09DOI: 10.1108/JEFAS-11-2017-0106
J. Leiva, Ronald Brenes-Sánchez
Purpose This paper aims to assess knowledge relatedness as a possible determinant of business innovation performance. Knowledge relatedness is understood as the degree of similarity between a firm’s knowledge and that of its parent, i.e. the company that the entrepreneur leaves to establish his or her own firm. Innovation performance results from the competitive position that the company achieves through its management of new products and services on the market. Design/methodology/approach For the empirical work, the authors used a database composed of 356 entrepreneurs who established recently their own business in Costa Rica: people who stopped working in multinational companies in Costa Rica and created their own businesses, and people who created their own businesses simultaneously as the former employees of multinationals. Findings This paper reports a positive and significant correlation between knowledge relatedness and innovation performance for a number of young firms. Originality/value This paper presents the fact of including knowledge relatedness as a research topic linked to business innovation.
{"title":"The Influence of Knowledge Related to Innovative Performance","authors":"J. Leiva, Ronald Brenes-Sánchez","doi":"10.1108/JEFAS-11-2017-0106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/JEFAS-11-2017-0106","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This paper aims to assess knowledge relatedness as a possible determinant of business innovation performance. Knowledge relatedness is understood as the degree of similarity between a firm’s knowledge and that of its parent, i.e. the company that the entrepreneur leaves to establish his or her own firm. Innovation performance results from the competitive position that the company achieves through its management of new products and services on the market.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000For the empirical work, the authors used a database composed of 356 entrepreneurs who established recently their own business in Costa Rica: people who stopped working in multinational companies in Costa Rica and created their own businesses, and people who created their own businesses simultaneously as the former employees of multinationals.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000This paper reports a positive and significant correlation between knowledge relatedness and innovation performance for a number of young firms.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This paper presents the fact of including knowledge relatedness as a research topic linked to business innovation.\u0000","PeriodicalId":18190,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Economics eJournal","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79134317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Spanish Abstract: En este documento se presenta una metodología para identificar y delimitar las aglomeraciones urbanas en la ciudad de Bogotá D.C. Sumado a lo anterior, se estiman dos modelos de frontera estocástica de producción para evaluar la situación de eficiencia técnica entre firmas ubicadas en zonas de la ciudad altamente aglomeradas y zonas no aglomeradas. La evidencia encontrada sugiere que, la distribución de la actividad económica comercial, industrial y de servicios no es aleatoria, por el contrario se encuentran concentradas en 80 aglomeraciones que comprenden el 22.1% del perímetro urbano de la ciudad. Por otro lado, se encuentra que índices de eficiencia técnica en la producción para el sector industrial y de servicios exhiben un comportamiento creciente en la medida que se incrementa el grado de aglomeración; para el sector comercial, dada su naturaleza se encuentra gran dispersión de su localización en el territorio y no se aprecian diferencias significativas de mayor eficiencia según se incrementa el grado de aglomeración empresarial. English Abstract: This document presents a methodology to identify and delimit urban agglomerations in Bogotá. In addition, two stochastic production frontier models were estimated to assess and compare the technical efficiency of firms located in highly agglomerated areas vs non-agglomerated. The evidence suggests that the distribution of commercial, industrial and services economic activities is not random. On the contrary, these sectors are concentrated in 80 agglomerations that comprise 22.1% of the urban area. Furthermore, an index of technical efficiency in production for the industrial and services sectors are positively related with the degree of agglomeration. The commercial sector, in turn, did not show significant differences in efficiency as the degree of agglomeration increases.
{"title":"Aglomeración Empresarial Y Eficiencia Técnica: Un Enfoque De Frontera Estocástica En La Producción Para Bogotá D.C. (Enterprise Agglomeration and Technical Efficiency: A Stochastic Production Frontier Approach in Bogotá-Colombia)","authors":"Oscar-Javier Quiroz P.","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3127785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3127785","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Spanish Abstract:</b> En este documento se presenta una metodología para identificar y delimitar las aglomeraciones urbanas en la ciudad de Bogotá D.C. Sumado a lo anterior, se estiman dos modelos de frontera estocástica de producción para evaluar la situación de eficiencia técnica entre firmas ubicadas en zonas de la ciudad altamente aglomeradas y zonas no aglomeradas. La evidencia encontrada sugiere que, la distribución de la actividad económica comercial, industrial y de servicios no es aleatoria, por el contrario se encuentran concentradas en 80 aglomeraciones que comprenden el 22.1% del perímetro urbano de la ciudad. Por otro lado, se encuentra que índices de eficiencia técnica en la producción para el sector industrial y de servicios exhiben un comportamiento creciente en la medida que se incrementa el grado de aglomeración; para el sector comercial, dada su naturaleza se encuentra gran dispersión de su localización en el territorio y no se aprecian diferencias significativas de mayor eficiencia según se incrementa el grado de aglomeración empresarial. <b>English Abstract:</b> This document presents a methodology to identify and delimit urban agglomerations in Bogotá. In addition, two stochastic production frontier models were estimated to assess and compare the technical efficiency of firms located in highly agglomerated areas vs non-agglomerated. The evidence suggests that the distribution of commercial, industrial and services economic activities is not random. On the contrary, these sectors are concentrated in 80 agglomerations that comprise 22.1% of the urban area. Furthermore, an index of technical efficiency in production for the industrial and services sectors are positively related with the degree of agglomeration. The commercial sector, in turn, did not show significant differences in efficiency as the degree of agglomeration increases.","PeriodicalId":18190,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Economics eJournal","volume":"200 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80135452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Assessing linkages across different regions and how macroeconomic shocks spread out across regions is not an easy task. In this study we address this problem using a global vector autoregressive methodology that deals with the curse of dimensionality in an ingenious form. Focusing on the Brazilian labor market, identified and quantified how a shock in an aggregate economic activity spreads out regionally and throughout time. Another novelty of our work is the use of information collected by the Brazilian Bureau of Geography and Statistics to measure how regions are linked by analyzing infrastructure linkages of Brazilian municipalities in terms of airports, roads, ports, education, health, and tourism activities. Interdependence among regions is measured not only by closeness but also by considering economic linkages. In terms of regional sensitivity to macroeconomic shocks, we provide evidence that these shocks tend to cause stronger effects on the South, Southeast, and Midwest regions than the Northeast and North regions. This conclusion is in line with the idea that the formal labor market is better developed in the former regions than the latter. The South, Southeast, and Midwest regions in Brazil have better economic and social indicators.
{"title":"Modeling How Macroeconomic Shocks Affect Regional Employment: Analyzing the Brazilian Formal Labor Market Using the Global VAR Approach","authors":"Bruno Tebaldi, Emerson Fernandes Marçal","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3124440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3124440","url":null,"abstract":"Assessing linkages across different regions and how macroeconomic shocks spread out across regions is not an easy task. In this study we address this problem using a global vector autoregressive methodology that deals with the curse of dimensionality in an ingenious form. Focusing on the Brazilian labor market, identified and quantified how a shock in an aggregate economic activity spreads out regionally and throughout time. Another novelty of our work is the use of information collected by the Brazilian Bureau of Geography and Statistics to measure how regions are linked by analyzing infrastructure linkages of Brazilian municipalities in terms of airports, roads, ports, education, health, and tourism activities. Interdependence among regions is measured not only by closeness but also by considering economic linkages. In terms of regional sensitivity to macroeconomic shocks, we provide evidence that these shocks tend to cause stronger effects on the South, Southeast, and Midwest regions than the Northeast and North regions. This conclusion is in line with the idea that the formal labor market is better developed in the former regions than the latter. The South, Southeast, and Midwest regions in Brazil have better economic and social indicators.","PeriodicalId":18190,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Economics eJournal","volume":"210 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78160685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This teaching case study examines vertical and horizontal integration strategy in a Brazilian restaurant seeking Michelin star recognition. The case study is aimed at senior students and MBAs on Exec Ed programs.
{"title":"Brazilian Restaurant Case-Vertical and Horizontal Business Integration","authors":"Tom Cockburn, C. Cockburn-Wootten","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3104636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3104636","url":null,"abstract":"This teaching case study examines vertical and horizontal integration strategy in a Brazilian restaurant seeking Michelin star recognition. The case study is aimed at senior students and MBAs on Exec Ed programs.","PeriodicalId":18190,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Economics eJournal","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88792362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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