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Corrosion behavior of near‐alpha titanium alloy fabricated by additive manufacturing 增材制造近α钛合金的腐蚀行为
Pub Date : 2022-07-28 DOI: 10.1002/maco.202213105
S. Lavrys, I. Pohrelyuk, H. Veselivska, A. Skrebtsov, Julia Kononenko, Yu.V. Marchenko
The purpose of this study was to investigate the corrosion behavior of Ti–6Al–Mo–1.5V–2Zr near‐alpha titanium alloy fabricated by additive manufacturing (AM). Titanium alloy specimens were fabricated by electron beam melting (EBM) and laser metal deposition (LMD). The same titanium alloy manufactured by traditional technology (TT) was used as a control. The correlations between corrosion resistance, microstructure and phase composition of titanium alloys fabricated by different technologies were investigated, through the use of electrochemical corrosion testing, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and hardness testing. In this study, it was shown that the corrosion resistance of AM samples is lower than TT samples. The corrosion resistance of AM samples was attributed to the presence of more α′ martensite and less β‐Ti phases in the microstructure of titanium alloy than for TT samples. The electrochemical results suggest that titanium alloy fabricated by EBM has better corrosion resistance in 20% HCl solution at room temperature compared to titanium alloy fabricated by LMD.
研究了增材制造(AM)制备的Ti-6Al-Mo-1.5V-2Zr近α钛合金的腐蚀行为。采用电子束熔化(EBM)和激光金属沉积(LMD)制备钛合金试样。以传统工艺(TT)生产的同种钛合金为对照。通过电化学腐蚀测试、扫描电镜、X射线衍射和硬度测试,研究了不同工艺制备的钛合金的耐蚀性、显微组织和相组成之间的关系。本研究表明,AM样品的耐蚀性低于TT样品。AM样品的耐蚀性是由于钛合金组织中α′马氏体较多,β - Ti相较少。电化学结果表明,与LMD制备的钛合金相比,EBM制备的钛合金在室温20% HCl溶液中具有更好的耐腐蚀性。
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引用次数: 2
Corrosion evaluation of welded nickel aluminum bronze and manganese aluminum bronze in synthetic sea water 焊接镍铝青铜和锰铝青铜在合成海水中的腐蚀评价
Pub Date : 2022-07-12 DOI: 10.1002/maco.202213328
I. Cobo, M. V. Biezma-Moraleda, P. Linhardt
Nickel aluminum bronze (NAB) and manganese aluminum bronze (MAB) are highly alloyed bronzes that are increasingly employed in several industrial sectors mainly related to the hostile environment due to their excellent resistance against corrosion, cavitation, erosion, and improved mechanical properties in comparison with other copper‐based alloys. These materials are sensitive to thermal treatments, such as welding, due to a multiphase microstructure in cast conditions. To contribute to the knowledge of the behavior of both alloys, the effect of welding processes on the corrosion behavior of NAB (CuAl10Fe5Ni5) and MAB (CuMn12Al8Fe4Ni2) is studied. As the microstructures of the parent zone (PZ), heat‐affected zone (HAZ), and weld seam (WS) may be quite different, the consequences with respect to corrosion behavior must be considered. In this study, the influence on corrosion behavior in synthetic sea water (SSW) was investigated using different welded test coupons representing identical (symmetrical) and hybrid joints of NAB and MAB. The microstructures of the welded samples were characterized by metallography using two chemical agents and examined by optical and scanning electron microscopy. By electrochemical corrosion testing, the major effect of welding processes on the corrosion behavior was found in influencing the amount and distribution of β‐phase which is prone to selective corrosion.
镍铝青铜(NAB)和锰铝青铜(MAB)是高合金青铜,越来越多地应用于几个工业部门,主要与恶劣环境有关,因为它们具有优异的抗腐蚀、抗空化、抗侵蚀能力,与其他铜基合金相比,它们具有更好的机械性能。由于在铸造条件下的多相显微组织,这些材料对热处理(如焊接)很敏感。为了进一步了解这两种合金的行为,研究了焊接工艺对NAB (CuAl10Fe5Ni5)和MAB (CuMn12Al8Fe4Ni2)腐蚀行为的影响。由于母区(PZ)、热影响区(HAZ)和焊缝(WS)的显微组织可能完全不同,因此必须考虑腐蚀行为的后果。在本研究中,采用不同的焊接试验片代表NAB和MAB的相同(对称)和混合接头,研究了对合成海水(SSW)腐蚀行为的影响。用两种化学试剂对焊接试样的金相组织进行了表征,并用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对其进行了观察。通过电化学腐蚀试验发现,焊接工艺对合金腐蚀行为的主要影响是β相的数量和分布,β相易发生选择性腐蚀。
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引用次数: 0
Corrosion behavior and mechanism of the high‐strength low‐alloy steel joined by multilayer and multipass welding method 高强度低合金钢多层多道焊接的腐蚀行为及机理
Pub Date : 2022-07-04 DOI: 10.1002/maco.202213154
Huixia Zhang, Fuyao Hao, Yu Zhang, Xiang-bo Li, Han Guo
The corrosion behavior and mechanism of the high‐strength low‐alloy steel‐welded joint fabricated by the multilayer and multipass welding method were investigated using a scanning Kelvin probe, electrochemical measurements, and so forth. The results revealed that the microstructure of the first layer welding zone was dominated by granular bainite and acicular ferrite and was fine and uniform, which exhibited the best corrosion resistance. Whereas, since the average cooling rate decreased with the increase of welding pass, the grain size of the second and third layer weldings gradually grew, and the voltaic potential gradually decreased. In addition, the microstructure of the heat‐affected zone (HAZ) changed from the tempered sorbite structure of the equilibrium phase to the granular bainite or bainite structure of the nonequilibrium phase under the action of heat transfer. The HAZ became the weakest link for corrosion of welded joint, on account of the nonequilibrium organization and galvanic coupling among base metal, weld metal and HAZ.
采用扫描开尔文探针、电化学测量等方法研究了多层多道焊接法制得的高强度低合金钢焊接接头的腐蚀行为和机理。结果表明:第一层焊接区组织以粒状贝氏体和针状铁素体为主,细小均匀,耐蚀性能最好;由于平均冷却速率随焊道次的增加而减小,第二层和第三层焊缝的晶粒尺寸逐渐增大,伏打电位逐渐减小。热影响区(HAZ)的组织在传热作用下由平衡相的回火索氏体组织转变为非平衡相的粒状贝氏体或贝氏体组织。由于基体金属、焊缝金属和热影响区之间的非平衡组织和电偶作用,热影响区成为焊接接头腐蚀的最薄弱环节。
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引用次数: 2
Corrosion behavior of additively manufactured AISI 316L stainless steel under atmospheric conditions 增材制造AISI 316L不锈钢在大气条件下的腐蚀行为
Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1002/maco.202213339
V. Helbert, S. Rioual, N. Le Bozec, D. Thierry
This study investigated the corrosion behavior of AISI 316L produced by direct energy deposition (DED). Microstructural and chemical analysis showed a homogeneous distribution of Si and Si–Mn inclusions of 0.5–1 µm and the Cr and Mo enrichment within interdendritic areas. Scanning Kelvin probe analysis of additively manufactured stainless steel highlighted a regular “striped‐like” surface potential feature with a potential gradient of 30 mV for a mean value of 0.320 ± 0.017 V versus standard hydrogen electrode. It can be related to the presence of the residual stress in the oxide film and the complex thermal history due to the fabrication process. A cyclic corrosion test simulating atmospheric conditions revealed the same corrosion properties for stainless steel fabricated by DED compared to cold rolled one. Various surface preparations of 316L were also exposed for corrosion tests. It was found that the “as‐received” and “brushed” surfaces exhibited poorer corrosion resistance due to the presence of an as‐build defective layer. However, prior passivation of brushed surface, machining, or mechanical grinding down to P1200 improve significantly the corrosion resistance.
研究了直接能量沉积(DED)法制备的aisi316l的腐蚀行为。显微组织和化学分析表明,Si和Si - mn包裹体分布均匀,尺寸为0.5-1µm, Cr和Mo在枝晶间富集。扫描开尔文探针分析表明,与标准氢电极相比,增材制造不锈钢具有规则的“条纹状”表面电位特征,电位梯度为30 mV,平均值为0.320±0.017 V。这可能与氧化膜中残余应力的存在以及由于制造过程而产生的复杂热历史有关。模拟大气条件的循环腐蚀试验表明,DED制造的不锈钢与冷轧不锈钢具有相同的腐蚀性能。316L的各种表面制备也进行了腐蚀试验。结果发现,由于存在缺陷层,“接收”和“刷”表面的耐腐蚀性较差。然而,预先钝化刷面,加工,或机械磨削到P1200显著提高耐腐蚀性。
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引用次数: 1
Electrochemical corrosion behavior of Ti‐3Mo alloy under different accelerated corrosion tests 不同加速腐蚀试验下Ti - 3Mo合金的电化学腐蚀行为
Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1002/maco.202213348
Youcong Huang, Zhongnan Zheng, Zhiwei Fu, Ying Zhang, Jun Xu, Shaokang Chen, Hao Zhang
The electrochemical corrosion behavior of Ti‐3Mo alloys under different accelerated corrosion tests including seawater corrosion, soil corrosion, and stray current corrosion was investigated. Results showed that the icorr value gradually increased with the increase of NaCl/Na2SO4 concentration, indicating a worsening corrosion resistance of Ti‐3Mo alloy. The presence of stray current seriously destroyed the oxide film on the sample surface, and inhibited the regeneration of oxide film, thereby resulting in the deterioration of corrosion resistance. Besides this, the potential difference between duplex phases was prone to form a microgalvanic coupling, which promoted the dissolution of local regions.
研究了Ti - 3Mo合金在不同加速腐蚀条件下的电化学腐蚀行为,包括海水腐蚀、土壤腐蚀和杂散电流腐蚀。结果表明:随着NaCl/Na2SO4浓度的增加,icorr值逐渐增大,表明Ti - 3Mo合金的耐蚀性逐渐变差;杂散电流的存在严重破坏了样品表面的氧化膜,抑制了氧化膜的再生,从而导致耐腐蚀性能的恶化。此外,双相之间的电位差容易形成微电偶联,促进局部区域的溶解。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of Al content and low oxygen pressure preoxidation on high‐temperature oxidation resistance of Ni–25Cr–xAl–1Si–0.5Y alloys Al含量和低氧预氧化对Ni-25Cr-xAl-1Si-0.5Y合金高温抗氧化性能的影响
Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1002/maco.202213060
Danhong Li, Kun Wang, Xiangying Zhu, Junxiu Chen, Ya Liu, Jianhua Wang, X. Su
The influence of Al content and low oxygen pressure preoxidation on the high‐temperature oxidation resistance of the Ni–25Cr–xAl–1Si–0.5Y (x = 0, 1, 3, 5 wt%) alloys were studied. The formation of oxides in low oxygen pressure preoxidation was investigated. The oxidation behavior of alloys with different Al content at 1000°C with and without preoxidation under low oxygen pressure was discussed. A protective oxide film was formed on the surface of alloys with different Al content in low oxygen pressure pre‐oxidation at 950°C for 5 h, but there were great differences in microstructures and properties. With the increase of Al content, the outermost oxide film of the alloy gradually changed from continuous Cr2O3 to Al2O3, and the oxidation resistance of the alloy increased gradually at 1000°C. By comparison, the oxidation resistance of Ni–25Cr–xAl–1Si–0.5Y (x = 0, 1, 3, 5 wt%) alloys can be significantly improved at 1000°C by low oxygen pressure preoxidation treatment.
研究了Al含量和低氧预氧化对Ni-25Cr-xAl-1Si-0.5Y (x = 0,1,3,5 wt%)合金高温抗氧化性能的影响。研究了低氧预氧化过程中氧化物的形成。讨论了不同Al含量合金在1000℃低氧压下预氧化和不预氧化的氧化行为。不同Al含量的合金在950℃低温预氧化5 h后,表面形成了一层氧化保护膜,但其显微组织和性能存在较大差异。随着Al含量的增加,合金最外层氧化膜由连续的Cr2O3逐渐转变为Al2O3,在1000℃时合金的抗氧化性逐渐提高。相比之下,在1000℃下,低氧预氧化处理可以显著提高Ni-25Cr-xAl-1Si-0.5Y (x = 0,1,3,5 wt%)合金的抗氧化性。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of dry sliding wear on the corrosion behavior of AISI 420 干滑动磨损对AISI 420腐蚀行为的影响
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.1002/maco.202213249
Andreas Gassner, H. Palkowski, H. Mozaffari-Jovein
In this study, the effect of various normal loads on the dry sliding wear, microstructure evolution, and resulting corrosion behavior of martensitic AISI 420 were investigated. The results revealed adhesion‐dominated wear with material transfer and particles, leading to the formation of a lamellar microstructure containing delamination and pores around partly broken carbides. The microstructure evolution resulted in a significant decrease of the local corrosion resistance in 0.15 M NaCl solution, which was accompanied by a high concentration of corrosion sites within the worn areas. Dissolution inside the wear tracks was concentrated on the deformed microstructure. As the normal load increased, the effects of the wear intensified, further reducing the local corrosion resistance.
研究了不同载荷对马氏体AISI 420干滑动磨损、组织演变及腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明,材料转移和颗粒磨损以粘附为主,导致在部分断裂的碳化物周围形成含脱层和孔隙的层状微观结构。显微组织的演变导致合金在0.15 M NaCl溶液中的局部耐蚀性显著降低,磨损区域内出现了高浓度的腐蚀位点。磨损道内的溶解主要集中在变形组织上。随着正常载荷的增加,磨损的影响加剧,进一步降低了局部耐蚀性。
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引用次数: 1
Molecular dynamics study on the effect of Ni atoms on the crack arrest performance of Fe–Ni alloy Ni原子对Fe-Ni合金裂纹止裂性能影响的分子动力学研究
Pub Date : 2022-06-29 DOI: 10.1002/maco.202213229
Chao Yang, Gonglin Deng, X. Xing, Qing Han, Haibo Liu
Molecular dynamic simulations are applied to test the nickel's modification mechanism of Fe–Ni alloy. Mono displacement loading is applied to a perfect single crystal model, a single crystal model with vacancies, and a model with transgranular crack. Moreover, constant strain load is applied to the polycrystal model to test the Ni effect on intergranular crack initiation. The results elucidate that Ni atoms could decrease the free surface energy and the stacking fault energy simultaneously. However, Ni atoms have a more significant effect on the reduction of stacking fault energy. If the Ni concentration is above 0.03, the transgranular crack constantly emits dislocations under loading, thus, postponing the cleavage cracking. Particularly, as the Ni concentration is above 0.05, the recrystallization process could be a favorable energy‐releasing behavior compared with the intergranular cracking. The findings suggest that a low concentration of Ni might degrade the physical property of Fe–Ni alloy. Increasing the Ni atomic concentration above specific critical values, for example, 0.03 or 0.05, could enhance the fracture toughness.
采用分子动力学模拟方法研究了镍对Fe-Ni合金的改性机理。将单位移加载分别应用于完美单晶模型、带空位的单晶模型和带穿晶裂纹的单晶模型。在多晶模型上施加恒应变载荷,测试Ni对晶间裂纹萌生的影响。结果表明,Ni原子可以同时降低自由表面能和层错能。而Ni原子对层错能的降低作用更为显著。当Ni浓度大于0.03时,穿晶裂纹在载荷作用下不断发出位错,从而延缓了解理裂纹的发生。特别是当Ni浓度大于0.05时,与晶间开裂相比,再结晶过程更有利于释放能量。研究结果表明,低浓度的Ni可能会降低铁镍合金的物理性能。将Ni原子浓度提高到特定的临界值以上,例如0.03或0.05,可以提高断裂韧性。
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引用次数: 1
Corrosion protection of Mg‐SiC nanocomposite through plasma electrolytic oxidation coating process 等离子体电解氧化涂层对Mg - SiC纳米复合材料的防腐作用
Pub Date : 2022-06-28 DOI: 10.1002/maco.202213118
A. P. Golhin, S. Kamrani, C. Fleck, Alireza Ghasemi
Understanding the role of nanoparticles in magnesium (Mg)‐based materials and protective coating provides valuable information to achieve an optimized combination of mechanical and corrosion protection properties of Mg nanocomposites. The present study investigates the effects of SiC nanoparticles on the corrosion behavior and structure of Mg‐SiC composites substrates coated by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO). Moreover, the influence of different volume fractions of SiCn up to 10% on corrosion behavior and galvanic reactions between Mg matrix and SiC particles was also investigated. The morphology, distribution of the phases, and the microstructure of the coating were characterized by SEM, EDAX, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and XRD. The corrosion resistance of the samples was determined through dynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests before and after PEO coating treatment. The results indicate that the Mg nanocomposite with 1 vol% SiCn (M1Sn) coated by PEO coating shows higher corrosion resistance than the samples with a higher percentage of SiCn, as well as the sample without SiCn particles.
了解纳米颗粒在镁基材料和保护涂层中的作用,为实现镁纳米复合材料的机械和防腐性能的优化组合提供了有价值的信息。本文研究了SiC纳米颗粒对等离子体电解氧化(PEO)涂层Mg - SiC复合材料基体腐蚀行为和结构的影响。此外,还研究了不同体积分数(最高为10%)的SiCn对Mg基体与SiC颗粒之间的腐蚀行为和电反应的影响。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、电子能谱(EDAX)、X射线光电子能谱(X - ray光电子能谱)和X射线衍射(XRD)对涂层的形貌、相分布和微观结构进行了表征。通过动态极化和电化学阻抗谱测试,测定了PEO涂层处理前后样品的耐蚀性。结果表明,PEO包覆1 vol% SiCn (M1Sn)的Mg纳米复合材料的耐蚀性优于SiCn含量较高的样品和不含SiCn颗粒的样品。
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引用次数: 2
EFC Newsletter EFC通讯
Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1002/maco.202270065
{"title":"EFC Newsletter","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/maco.202270065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/maco.202270065","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18223,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Corrosion","volume":"40 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73098732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Materials and Corrosion
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