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Influence of Al content and low oxygen pressure preoxidation on high‐temperature oxidation resistance of Ni–25Cr–xAl–1Si–0.5Y alloys Al含量和低氧预氧化对Ni-25Cr-xAl-1Si-0.5Y合金高温抗氧化性能的影响
Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1002/maco.202213060
Danhong Li, Kun Wang, Xiangying Zhu, Junxiu Chen, Ya Liu, Jianhua Wang, X. Su
The influence of Al content and low oxygen pressure preoxidation on the high‐temperature oxidation resistance of the Ni–25Cr–xAl–1Si–0.5Y (x = 0, 1, 3, 5 wt%) alloys were studied. The formation of oxides in low oxygen pressure preoxidation was investigated. The oxidation behavior of alloys with different Al content at 1000°C with and without preoxidation under low oxygen pressure was discussed. A protective oxide film was formed on the surface of alloys with different Al content in low oxygen pressure pre‐oxidation at 950°C for 5 h, but there were great differences in microstructures and properties. With the increase of Al content, the outermost oxide film of the alloy gradually changed from continuous Cr2O3 to Al2O3, and the oxidation resistance of the alloy increased gradually at 1000°C. By comparison, the oxidation resistance of Ni–25Cr–xAl–1Si–0.5Y (x = 0, 1, 3, 5 wt%) alloys can be significantly improved at 1000°C by low oxygen pressure preoxidation treatment.
研究了Al含量和低氧预氧化对Ni-25Cr-xAl-1Si-0.5Y (x = 0,1,3,5 wt%)合金高温抗氧化性能的影响。研究了低氧预氧化过程中氧化物的形成。讨论了不同Al含量合金在1000℃低氧压下预氧化和不预氧化的氧化行为。不同Al含量的合金在950℃低温预氧化5 h后,表面形成了一层氧化保护膜,但其显微组织和性能存在较大差异。随着Al含量的增加,合金最外层氧化膜由连续的Cr2O3逐渐转变为Al2O3,在1000℃时合金的抗氧化性逐渐提高。相比之下,在1000℃下,低氧预氧化处理可以显著提高Ni-25Cr-xAl-1Si-0.5Y (x = 0,1,3,5 wt%)合金的抗氧化性。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of dry sliding wear on the corrosion behavior of AISI 420 干滑动磨损对AISI 420腐蚀行为的影响
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.1002/maco.202213249
Andreas Gassner, H. Palkowski, H. Mozaffari-Jovein
In this study, the effect of various normal loads on the dry sliding wear, microstructure evolution, and resulting corrosion behavior of martensitic AISI 420 were investigated. The results revealed adhesion‐dominated wear with material transfer and particles, leading to the formation of a lamellar microstructure containing delamination and pores around partly broken carbides. The microstructure evolution resulted in a significant decrease of the local corrosion resistance in 0.15 M NaCl solution, which was accompanied by a high concentration of corrosion sites within the worn areas. Dissolution inside the wear tracks was concentrated on the deformed microstructure. As the normal load increased, the effects of the wear intensified, further reducing the local corrosion resistance.
研究了不同载荷对马氏体AISI 420干滑动磨损、组织演变及腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明,材料转移和颗粒磨损以粘附为主,导致在部分断裂的碳化物周围形成含脱层和孔隙的层状微观结构。显微组织的演变导致合金在0.15 M NaCl溶液中的局部耐蚀性显著降低,磨损区域内出现了高浓度的腐蚀位点。磨损道内的溶解主要集中在变形组织上。随着正常载荷的增加,磨损的影响加剧,进一步降低了局部耐蚀性。
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引用次数: 1
Molecular dynamics study on the effect of Ni atoms on the crack arrest performance of Fe–Ni alloy Ni原子对Fe-Ni合金裂纹止裂性能影响的分子动力学研究
Pub Date : 2022-06-29 DOI: 10.1002/maco.202213229
Chao Yang, Gonglin Deng, X. Xing, Qing Han, Haibo Liu
Molecular dynamic simulations are applied to test the nickel's modification mechanism of Fe–Ni alloy. Mono displacement loading is applied to a perfect single crystal model, a single crystal model with vacancies, and a model with transgranular crack. Moreover, constant strain load is applied to the polycrystal model to test the Ni effect on intergranular crack initiation. The results elucidate that Ni atoms could decrease the free surface energy and the stacking fault energy simultaneously. However, Ni atoms have a more significant effect on the reduction of stacking fault energy. If the Ni concentration is above 0.03, the transgranular crack constantly emits dislocations under loading, thus, postponing the cleavage cracking. Particularly, as the Ni concentration is above 0.05, the recrystallization process could be a favorable energy‐releasing behavior compared with the intergranular cracking. The findings suggest that a low concentration of Ni might degrade the physical property of Fe–Ni alloy. Increasing the Ni atomic concentration above specific critical values, for example, 0.03 or 0.05, could enhance the fracture toughness.
采用分子动力学模拟方法研究了镍对Fe-Ni合金的改性机理。将单位移加载分别应用于完美单晶模型、带空位的单晶模型和带穿晶裂纹的单晶模型。在多晶模型上施加恒应变载荷,测试Ni对晶间裂纹萌生的影响。结果表明,Ni原子可以同时降低自由表面能和层错能。而Ni原子对层错能的降低作用更为显著。当Ni浓度大于0.03时,穿晶裂纹在载荷作用下不断发出位错,从而延缓了解理裂纹的发生。特别是当Ni浓度大于0.05时,与晶间开裂相比,再结晶过程更有利于释放能量。研究结果表明,低浓度的Ni可能会降低铁镍合金的物理性能。将Ni原子浓度提高到特定的临界值以上,例如0.03或0.05,可以提高断裂韧性。
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引用次数: 1
Corrosion protection of Mg‐SiC nanocomposite through plasma electrolytic oxidation coating process 等离子体电解氧化涂层对Mg - SiC纳米复合材料的防腐作用
Pub Date : 2022-06-28 DOI: 10.1002/maco.202213118
A. P. Golhin, S. Kamrani, C. Fleck, Alireza Ghasemi
Understanding the role of nanoparticles in magnesium (Mg)‐based materials and protective coating provides valuable information to achieve an optimized combination of mechanical and corrosion protection properties of Mg nanocomposites. The present study investigates the effects of SiC nanoparticles on the corrosion behavior and structure of Mg‐SiC composites substrates coated by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO). Moreover, the influence of different volume fractions of SiCn up to 10% on corrosion behavior and galvanic reactions between Mg matrix and SiC particles was also investigated. The morphology, distribution of the phases, and the microstructure of the coating were characterized by SEM, EDAX, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and XRD. The corrosion resistance of the samples was determined through dynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests before and after PEO coating treatment. The results indicate that the Mg nanocomposite with 1 vol% SiCn (M1Sn) coated by PEO coating shows higher corrosion resistance than the samples with a higher percentage of SiCn, as well as the sample without SiCn particles.
了解纳米颗粒在镁基材料和保护涂层中的作用,为实现镁纳米复合材料的机械和防腐性能的优化组合提供了有价值的信息。本文研究了SiC纳米颗粒对等离子体电解氧化(PEO)涂层Mg - SiC复合材料基体腐蚀行为和结构的影响。此外,还研究了不同体积分数(最高为10%)的SiCn对Mg基体与SiC颗粒之间的腐蚀行为和电反应的影响。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、电子能谱(EDAX)、X射线光电子能谱(X - ray光电子能谱)和X射线衍射(XRD)对涂层的形貌、相分布和微观结构进行了表征。通过动态极化和电化学阻抗谱测试,测定了PEO涂层处理前后样品的耐蚀性。结果表明,PEO包覆1 vol% SiCn (M1Sn)的Mg纳米复合材料的耐蚀性优于SiCn含量较高的样品和不含SiCn颗粒的样品。
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引用次数: 2
EFC Newsletter EFC通讯
Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1002/maco.202270065
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引用次数: 0
Effect of WC content on microstructure and properties of CrFeMoNiTi(WC)x high‐entropy alloys composite coatings prepared by selective laser melting WC含量对选择性激光熔化制备CrFeMoNiTi(WC)x高熵合金复合涂层组织和性能的影响
Pub Date : 2022-05-31 DOI: 10.1002/maco.202213228
Desheng Li, Ke Chen, X. Fu, Zixuan Hua
To improve the surface properties of Q235 carbon steels, CrFeMoNiTi(WC)x high‐entropy alloy composite coatings were fabricated via selective laser melting. The microstructure, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance of the composite coatings were studied. Spherical or near‐spherical tungsten carbide (WC) particles are dispersively distributed in the coatings, resulting in the appearance of obvious WC and TiW2C phases. And the composite coatings mainly consist of body‐centered cubic (BCC) and face‐centered cubic (FCC). When x ≤ 0.3, the addition of WC enhances the BCC diffraction peak. Microhardness of the composite coatings with WC increases and is much higher than that of the substrate (280.6 HV0.1). The hardness of the CrFeMoNiTi(WC)0.3 (1005.1 HV0.1) is the highest among the composite coatings. The retained WC particles and BCC acted as load bearers during the friction process, which reduces the wear loss of the composite coating. Also, the anodic protection caused by the corrosion‐resistant WC particles and BCC greatly improves the ability of the composite coatings to resist NaCl attack. Hence, CrFeMoNiTi(WC)0.3 exhibited the optimum wear resistance and corrosion resistance.
为了改善Q235碳钢的表面性能,采用选择性激光熔化法制备了CrFeMoNiTi(WC)x高熵合金复合涂层。研究了复合涂层的显微组织、耐磨性和耐蚀性。球形或近球形碳化钨颗粒分散分布在镀层中,形成明显的WC相和TiW2C相。复合涂层主要由体心立方层(BCC)和面心立方层(FCC)组成。当x≤0.3时,WC的加入使BCC衍射峰增强。WC使复合镀层的显微硬度提高,远高于基体的显微硬度(280.6 HV0.1)。CrFeMoNiTi(WC)的硬度为0.3 (1005.1 HV0.1),在复合涂层中硬度最高。在摩擦过程中,残留的WC颗粒和BCC起到了承载作用,降低了复合涂层的磨损损失。此外,耐腐蚀WC颗粒和BCC所产生的阳极保护也大大提高了复合涂层抗NaCl侵蚀的能力。因此,CrFeMoNiTi(WC)0.3具有最佳的耐磨性和耐腐蚀性。
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引用次数: 1
Corrosion protection of  Zn–Al–Mg‐coated steel by a layered double hydroxide conversion layer 双层氢氧化物转化层对Zn-Al-Mg涂层钢的防腐作用
Pub Date : 2022-05-31 DOI: 10.1002/maco.202213097
Tobias Holzner, G. Luckeneder, B. Strauß, M. Valtiner
Conversion layers produced on an industrial scale are typically based on phosphates or chromates and involve toxicological and environmental problematic treatment solutions and waste. Concerning this matter, layered double hydroxide (LDH)‐based conversion layers prepared by the process described in our study offer a promising alternative where the treatment solution comes with no environmental or toxicological concerns. The corrosion protection of Zn–Al–Mg (ZM)‐coated steel by an in situ grown LDH conversion layer is investigated by potentiodynamic polarization measurements, linear polarization resistance determination, neutral salt spray test and mass loss test. An LDH layer formation time as short as 30 s considerably improves the corrosion resistance of ZM‐coated steel in electrochemical testing as well as in industrially relevant corrosion testing under chloride‐containing atmospheres. With prolonged LDH formation times, further improvement in corrosion protection is obtained. The significantly increased corrosion resistance of ZM‐coated steel after the industrially feasible treatment time of 30 s makes LDH‐based conversion layers a promising candidate for novel industrially viable conversion layers, with enhanced corrosion performance and environmentally benign as well as sustainable chemistry.
工业规模生产的转化层通常以磷酸盐或铬酸盐为基础,涉及毒理学和环境问题的处理方案和废物。关于这个问题,我们研究中描述的工艺制备的分层双氢氧化物(LDH)基转化层提供了一个很有前途的替代方案,其处理溶液没有环境或毒理学问题。通过动电位极化测量、线性极化电阻测定、中盐雾试验和质量损失试验,研究了原位生长LDH转化层对Zn-Al-Mg (ZM)涂层钢的防腐性能。LDH层的形成时间短至30 s,大大提高了ZM涂层钢在电化学测试中的耐腐蚀性,以及在含氯化物气氛下的工业相关腐蚀测试。随着LDH形成时间的延长,进一步提高了防腐性能。在工业上可行的处理时间为30 s后,ZM涂层钢的耐腐蚀性显著提高,使LDH基转化层成为新型工业上可行的转化层的有希望的候选者,具有增强的腐蚀性能和环保以及可持续的化学反应。
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引用次数: 2
Influence of corrosion behavior of X80 steel in silty soil containing composite sodium salt based on orthogonal test 基于正交试验的X80钢在含复合钠盐粉质土中腐蚀行为的影响
Pub Date : 2022-05-05 DOI: 10.1002/maco.202213150
Yuting Wang, P. Han, Funan Sun, Ruizhen Xie, X. Bai, B. He, Xiaoyuan Wang
The corrosion law of X80 steel in silty soils with different contents of sodium chloride and sodium sulfate is studied at different temperatures by using an orthogonal test group of three factors and three levels L9 (34) in conjunction with the results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, polarization curve, and microscopic images. The steel corrosion rate increases with the silty soil temperature. The presence of SO42− in silty soil inhibits corrosion in X80 steel. The corrosion mechanism involves competition between Cl− and SO42− for adsorption sites: SO42− ions occupy some corrosion pits, and FeS and other corrosion products are generated and adhere to the surface of the corrosion pits, inhibiting further reaction. A range analysis of the fitted electrochemical impedance spectra and polarization curves of X80 steel shows that the temperature has the strongest effect on the corrosion of X80 steel, followed by the Cl− content, whereas the SO42− content has the least effect. The lowest corrosion rate is found for a silty soil Cl− content of 0.3%, a SO42− content of 2.0%, and a temperature of −20°C.
采用三因素三水平L9(34)正交试验组,结合电化学阻抗谱、极化曲线和显微图像,研究了不同温度下X80钢在不同氯化钠和硫酸钠含量粉质土中的腐蚀规律。钢的腐蚀速率随粉土温度的升高而增大。粉质土壤中SO42−的存在抑制了X80钢的腐蚀。腐蚀机制涉及Cl -和SO42 -对吸附位点的竞争,SO42 -离子占据了一些腐蚀坑,产生了FeS等腐蚀产物并附着在腐蚀坑表面,抑制了进一步的反应。对X80钢的电化学阻抗谱和极化曲线进行极差分析表明,温度对X80钢腐蚀的影响最大,其次是Cl−含量,SO42−含量的影响最小。当粉质土壤Cl−含量为0.3%、SO42−含量为2.0%、温度为- 20℃时,腐蚀速率最低。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding the role of Ti addition on the corrosion and passive film characteristics of Nb stabilized AISI 347 weld 了解Ti对Nb稳定AISI 347焊缝腐蚀及钝化膜特性的影响
Pub Date : 2022-05-04 DOI: 10.1002/maco.202213158
Dikshant Malhotra, A. S. Shahi
A multipass multilayer weld pad was fabricated on AISI 347 base metal with filler combinations of AISI 321 and AISI 347, to understand the role of Ti addition on metallurgical, corrosion, and passive film characteristics of the AISI 347 weld. Weld layers with Nb content of 0.53 wt.%, 0.47 wt.%, 0.23 wt.% and Ti of 0 wt.%, 0.21 wt.%, 0.33 wt.%, respectively, were extracted from fabricated weld pad. Selected weld metal compositions were subjected to thermal aging at 750°C for 24 h to investigate the influence of varying precipitation induced in these welds. Ti addition in AISI 347 weld showed lower enrichment of C and Cr at dendritic regions resulting in reduced Cr depletion, lower sensitization, enhanced pitting potential, and repassivation ability compared to conventional Nb stabilized AISI 347 weld. Passive film characteristics studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy depicted formation of more protective, and dense passive film with higher Cr, Ni, and O concentrations for Ti added AISI 347 weld relative to conventional ones. Therefore, Ti addition via the use of Ti stabilized filler in the Nb stabilized AISI 347 weld proved to be efficient in enhancing its corrosion performance by forming a more protective passive oxide film.
采用AISI 321和AISI 347两种钎料组合在AISI 347母材上制备了多道次多层焊垫,研究了Ti添加对AISI 347焊缝的冶金、腐蚀和钝化膜特性的影响。焊层含铌量为0.53 wt。%, 0.47 wt。%, 0.23 wt。%和Ti (0 wt)。%, 0.21 wt。%, 0.33 wt。%,分别从预制焊垫中提取。选定的焊缝金属成分在750℃下热时效24 h,以研究在这些焊缝中引起的不同析出物的影响。与传统的Nb稳定的AISI 347焊缝相比,在AISI 347焊缝中加入Ti后,枝晶区C和Cr的富集程度较低,从而减少了Cr的损耗,降低了敏化程度,增强了点蚀电位和再钝化能力。通过电化学阻抗谱和X射线光电子能谱研究的钝化膜特性表明,与传统的钝化膜相比,添加Ti的AISI 347焊缝形成了更强的保护性和致密的钝化膜,其Cr、Ni和O浓度更高。因此,通过使用Ti稳定填料在Nb稳定的AISI 347焊缝中添加Ti,通过形成更具保护性的被动氧化膜,可以有效地提高其腐蚀性能。
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引用次数: 2
Corrosion performance of powder‐coated aluminum profiles with increased trace element content 随着微量元素含量的增加,粉末涂层铝型材的腐蚀性能
Pub Date : 2022-05-04 DOI: 10.1002/maco.202213173
Alexander Lutz, Malgorzata Chojak Halseid, I. De Graeve
In this study, the corrosion susceptibility of powder‐coated Al6060 alloys with increasing Cu and Zn content is evaluated in a benchmark test. Although higher Cu and Zn limits would enable the industry to increase the use of end‐of‐life scrap and thus produce eco‐friendlier aluminum profiles, such alloys are often disregarded due to concerns of corrosion, especially filiform corrosion. Our results suggest that this concern is ungrounded as long as typical quality specifications for the pretreatment and coating process are followed and the alloy composition is kept within the limits of the European norm AW6060. Furthermore, we point out that the variation of the results due to processing at different coating production lines is larger than the difference between alloys of different Cu and Zn contents.
在本研究中,在基准测试中评估了随着Cu和Zn含量的增加,粉末涂层Al6060合金的腐蚀敏感性。虽然更高的Cu和Zn限制将使行业增加对报废废料的使用,从而生产出更环保的铝型材,但由于担心腐蚀,特别是丝状腐蚀,这种合金经常被忽视。我们的研究结果表明,只要遵循预处理和涂层工艺的典型质量规范,并且合金成分保持在欧洲标准AW6060的限制范围内,这种担忧就没有根据。此外,我们还指出,在不同的涂层生产线上加工导致的结果差异大于不同Cu和Zn含量合金之间的差异。
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引用次数: 2
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Materials and Corrosion
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