As an important infrastructure for oil and gas transportation, the safe and stable operation of long‐distance pipelines is significant for guaranteeing national energy security and economic development. However, pipelines are susceptible to corrosion due to various factors. Therefore, it is crucial to take effective corrosion protection measures. Pulse current cathodic protection technology, as an advanced pipeline corrosion protection technology, is superior to traditional cathodic protection technology. This paper mainly summarizes the research progress of pulse current cathodic protection technology for long‐distance pipelines in recent years. It briefly discusses the protection mechanism, characteristic parameters, challenges, and development trends of pulse current cathodic protection technology, which provides a useful reference for the further promotion and application of pulse current cathodic protection technology for long‐distance transport pipelines.
{"title":"Research on Pulse Current Cathodic Protection Technology for Long‐Distance Pipeline: A Review","authors":"Qiudie Zhao, Hongfu Li, Xiaowu Luo, Yanjie Shi, Jian Li, Chen Wang, Yanming Liu, Xianghong Lv","doi":"10.1002/maco.202414557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/maco.202414557","url":null,"abstract":"As an important infrastructure for oil and gas transportation, the safe and stable operation of long‐distance pipelines is significant for guaranteeing national energy security and economic development. However, pipelines are susceptible to corrosion due to various factors. Therefore, it is crucial to take effective corrosion protection measures. Pulse current cathodic protection technology, as an advanced pipeline corrosion protection technology, is superior to traditional cathodic protection technology. This paper mainly summarizes the research progress of pulse current cathodic protection technology for long‐distance pipelines in recent years. It briefly discusses the protection mechanism, characteristic parameters, challenges, and development trends of pulse current cathodic protection technology, which provides a useful reference for the further promotion and application of pulse current cathodic protection technology for long‐distance transport pipelines.","PeriodicalId":18223,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Corrosion","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142180244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates the influence of cathodic polarization on the chloride threshold (CT) for carbon steel in alkaline solutions, analogous to reinforcing steel embedded in concrete, with a focus on the electrochemical steel potential as a critical factor for corrosion initiation. The research, incorporating a literature review and potentiostatic tests, reveals that CT shows potential independence at potentials more anodic than −200 mVSCE and increases for potentials more cathodic than −200 mVSCE. The observed increase in CT under cathodic polarization is attributed to alterations in the passive layer composition, supporting the existence of distinct potential regions that govern the onset of corrosion.
{"title":"On the Impact of Cathodic Polarization on the Chloride Threshold of Carbon Steel in Alkaline Solutions","authors":"Konstantin Fache, Sylvia Keßler, Jörg Harnisch","doi":"10.1002/maco.202414601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/maco.202414601","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the influence of cathodic polarization on the chloride threshold (<jats:italic>C</jats:italic><jats:sub>T</jats:sub>) for carbon steel in alkaline solutions, analogous to reinforcing steel embedded in concrete, with a focus on the electrochemical steel potential as a critical factor for corrosion initiation. The research, incorporating a literature review and potentiostatic tests, reveals that <jats:italic>C</jats:italic><jats:sub>T</jats:sub> shows potential independence at potentials more anodic than −200 mV<jats:sub>SCE</jats:sub> and increases for potentials more cathodic than −200 mV<jats:sub>SCE</jats:sub>. The observed increase in <jats:italic>C</jats:italic><jats:sub>T</jats:sub> under cathodic polarization is attributed to alterations in the passive layer composition, supporting the existence of distinct potential regions that govern the onset of corrosion.","PeriodicalId":18223,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Corrosion","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142180245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ajmal T. S., Rahul Kumar Singh, Shashi Bhushan Arya, Satish Kumar D.
Hydrodynamic flow conditions play a critical role in piping failure due to sharp variations of the Reynolds number in process and petrochemical industries. The current study aims to enhance flow‐accelerated corrosion (FAC) resistance using metallurgy of the surface by utilizing the laser surface melting (LSM) technique. The FAC behavior of API X70 steel in simulated Indian synthetic oilfield water was studied by utilizing a closed‐loop corrosion apparatus to simulate the pipeline flow. Electrochemical corrosion experiments (AC and DC methods) were conducted at a constant fluid velocity of 3 m/s in untreated and LSM‐treated samples (at 2.5 and 3.0 kW) placed at a 90° pipe elbow. Experimental results showed that LSM‐treated samples displayed enhanced resistance to FAC, attributed to changes in surface metallurgy. Additionally, it was observed that the corrosion rate varied within the pipe elbow for the different samples at different locations.
在加工和石化工业中，由于雷诺数的急剧变化，水动力流动条件在管道故障中起着至关重要的作用。目前的研究旨在利用激光表面熔化（LSM）技术对表面进行冶金处理，从而增强抗流动加速腐蚀（FAC）能力。通过使用闭环腐蚀装置模拟管道流动，研究了 API X70 钢在模拟印度合成油田水中的 FAC 行为。在 3 米/秒的恒定流体速度下，对放置在 90° 管道弯头处的未处理和 LSM 处理样品（功率分别为 2.5 千瓦和 3.0 千瓦）进行了电化学腐蚀实验（交流和直流方法）。实验结果表明，经过 LSM 处理的样品显示出更强的抗 FAC 能力，这归因于表面冶金学的变化。此外，还观察到不同位置的不同样品在管道弯头内的腐蚀速率各不相同。
{"title":"Enhancing the Flow‐Accelerated Corrosion Resistance of X70 API Steel Through Laser Surface Melting in Synthetic Oilfield Water","authors":"Ajmal T. S., Rahul Kumar Singh, Shashi Bhushan Arya, Satish Kumar D.","doi":"10.1002/maco.202414456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/maco.202414456","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrodynamic flow conditions play a critical role in piping failure due to sharp variations of the Reynolds number in process and petrochemical industries. The current study aims to enhance flow‐accelerated corrosion (FAC) resistance using metallurgy of the surface by utilizing the laser surface melting (LSM) technique. The FAC behavior of API X70 steel in simulated Indian synthetic oilfield water was studied by utilizing a closed‐loop corrosion apparatus to simulate the pipeline flow. Electrochemical corrosion experiments (AC and DC methods) were conducted at a constant fluid velocity of 3 m/s in untreated and LSM‐treated samples (at 2.5 and 3.0 kW) placed at a 90° pipe elbow. Experimental results showed that LSM‐treated samples displayed enhanced resistance to FAC, attributed to changes in surface metallurgy. Additionally, it was observed that the corrosion rate varied within the pipe elbow for the different samples at different locations.","PeriodicalId":18223,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Corrosion","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142180255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pranav Vivek Kulkarni, Meet Jaydeepkumar Oza, Anna Igual‐Munoz, Jean‐Michel Sallese, Moslem Shahverdi, Christian Leinenbach, Stefano Mischler
The influence of various heat treatments on the corrosion behavior of a novel iron‐based shape memory alloy (Fe‐SMA), Fe‐17Mn‐6Si‐10Cr‐4Ni‐1(V,C), used as prestressing elements in civil engineering was examined through electrochemical corrosion methods. SMAs were subjected to two different electrolytes: saturated Ca(OH)2 solutions with and without chlorides to mimic the conditions in concrete. Two specific heat treatments were applied to the Fe‐SMA, which resulted in a change in grain size and precipitation of secondary phases. Furthermore, conventional structural steel, B500B, was utilized as a reference material. The results reveal that the heat treatments did not significantly change the corrosion rates of these alloys in Ca(OH)2 solution compared to B500B when chlorides were absent. However, the presence of chloride ions suppressed the passivity of B500B and promoted the localized corrosion (pitting and intergranular) of the Fe‐SMAs, among which the solutionized alloy showed significantly higher resistance to the pitting. It was demonstrated that the heat treatments and, consequently, microstructural characteristics influence the pitting behavior of these alloys.
{"title":"Corrosion Behavior of Heat‐Treated Fe‐Based Shape Memory Alloys","authors":"Pranav Vivek Kulkarni, Meet Jaydeepkumar Oza, Anna Igual‐Munoz, Jean‐Michel Sallese, Moslem Shahverdi, Christian Leinenbach, Stefano Mischler","doi":"10.1002/maco.202414562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/maco.202414562","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of various heat treatments on the corrosion behavior of a novel iron‐based shape memory alloy (Fe‐SMA), Fe‐17Mn‐6Si‐10Cr‐4Ni‐1(V,C), used as prestressing elements in civil engineering was examined through electrochemical corrosion methods. SMAs were subjected to two different electrolytes: saturated Ca(OH)<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> solutions with and without chlorides to mimic the conditions in concrete. Two specific heat treatments were applied to the Fe‐SMA, which resulted in a change in grain size and precipitation of secondary phases. Furthermore, conventional structural steel, B500B, was utilized as a reference material. The results reveal that the heat treatments did not significantly change the corrosion rates of these alloys in Ca(OH)<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> solution compared to B500B when chlorides were absent. However, the presence of chloride ions suppressed the passivity of B500B and promoted the localized corrosion (pitting and intergranular) of the Fe‐SMAs, among which the solutionized alloy showed significantly higher resistance to the pitting. It was demonstrated that the heat treatments and, consequently, microstructural characteristics influence the pitting behavior of these alloys.","PeriodicalId":18223,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Corrosion","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142180249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Le Chen, Yanxia Du, Lei Guo, Zhenhong Zhu, Yi Liang, Lei Zhang
Unlike the stable AC interference caused by AC transmission lines to buried pipelines, high‐speed railways cause dynamic AC interference to nearby buried pipelines. The dynamic fluctuation characteristics of AC interference parameters of buried pipelines near high‐speed railways with different traction power supply modes were obtained through the statistical analysis of field test data. The dynamic AC corrosion simulation experiments were conducted with different interference cycles and levels, as well as cathodic protection (CP) levels. The results show that the dynamic AC corrosion rate increases with the extension of the interference time within each interference cycle. After the JAC ≥ 100 A/m2, the dynamic AC corrosion rate shows a three‐stage change with a negative shift of CP potential, that is, first decreasing, then increasing, and then decreasing again. On the basis of the experimental results, the dynamic AC corrosion risk assessment criteria were proposed, which comprehensively considers the CP level and the proportion of interference time with different AC current densities.
{"title":"Corrosion Behavior and Evaluation Method of Pipeline Steel Under Dynamic AC Interference: A Study","authors":"Le Chen, Yanxia Du, Lei Guo, Zhenhong Zhu, Yi Liang, Lei Zhang","doi":"10.1002/maco.202414607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/maco.202414607","url":null,"abstract":"Unlike the stable AC interference caused by AC transmission lines to buried pipelines, high‐speed railways cause dynamic AC interference to nearby buried pipelines. The dynamic fluctuation characteristics of AC interference parameters of buried pipelines near high‐speed railways with different traction power supply modes were obtained through the statistical analysis of field test data. The dynamic AC corrosion simulation experiments were conducted with different interference cycles and levels, as well as cathodic protection (CP) levels. The results show that the dynamic AC corrosion rate increases with the extension of the interference time within each interference cycle. After the <jats:italic>J</jats:italic><jats:sub>AC</jats:sub> ≥ 100 A/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>, the dynamic AC corrosion rate shows a three‐stage change with a negative shift of CP potential, that is, first decreasing, then increasing, and then decreasing again. On the basis of the experimental results, the dynamic AC corrosion risk assessment criteria were proposed, which comprehensively considers the CP level and the proportion of interference time with different AC current densities.","PeriodicalId":18223,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Corrosion","volume":"387 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142180247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdulaziz Sindi, Hyeong Jin Kim, Igor A. Chaves, Jeom Kee Paik
In digital healthcare engineering (DHE) for aging monopile‐type offshore wind turbines, predictive health analysis is essential for robust future maintenance planning. This paper presents the development of a DHE module for the predictive health analysis of corroded monopile‐type offshore wind turbines, focusing on wind and rotor blade rotation effects. An empirical formula for predicting time‐variant corrosion wastage is derived from a statistical analysis of a decade‐long corrosion wastage database and applied to predict the corrosion depth of a 5 MW monopile‐type offshore wind turbine, serving as an illustrative example. Nonlinear finite element analyses using LS‐DYNA are performed on the corroded turbine tower under combined wind‐induced loads and rotor‐induced thrust forces. Two types of corrosion wastage, pitting, and uniform (general) corrosion, are considered. The health condition of the corroded tower is evaluated based on serviceability limit state and ultimate limit state criteria. The methodology developed in this paper will be integrated into the DHE system currently being developed by the authors for aging monopile‐type offshore wind turbines.
在针对老化单桩式海上风力涡轮机的数字保健工程（DHE）中，预测性健康分析对于制定稳健的未来维护计划至关重要。本文介绍了针对腐蚀单桩式海上风力涡轮机预测性健康分析的 DHE 模块的开发情况，重点关注风力和转子叶片旋转效应。通过对长达十年的腐蚀损耗数据库进行统计分析，得出了预测时变腐蚀损耗的经验公式，并将其应用于预测 5 兆瓦单桩式海上风力涡轮机的腐蚀深度，以此作为示例。使用 LS-DYNA 对腐蚀的涡轮机塔架进行了风致载荷和转子推力联合作用下的非线性有限元分析。分析中考虑了点蚀和均匀（一般）腐蚀两种类型的腐蚀损耗。腐蚀塔的健康状况根据适用性极限状态和极限状态标准进行评估。本文开发的方法将集成到作者目前正在开发的 DHE 系统中，用于老化的单桩式海上风力涡轮机。
{"title":"Effect of Corrosion Wastage on the Limit States of Monopile‐Type Offshore Wind Turbines Under Combined Wind and Rotor Blade Rotation","authors":"Abdulaziz Sindi, Hyeong Jin Kim, Igor A. Chaves, Jeom Kee Paik","doi":"10.1002/maco.202414378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/maco.202414378","url":null,"abstract":"In digital healthcare engineering (DHE) for aging monopile‐type offshore wind turbines, predictive health analysis is essential for robust future maintenance planning. This paper presents the development of a DHE module for the predictive health analysis of corroded monopile‐type offshore wind turbines, focusing on wind and rotor blade rotation effects. An empirical formula for predicting time‐variant corrosion wastage is derived from a statistical analysis of a decade‐long corrosion wastage database and applied to predict the corrosion depth of a 5 MW monopile‐type offshore wind turbine, serving as an illustrative example. Nonlinear finite element analyses using LS‐DYNA are performed on the corroded turbine tower under combined wind‐induced loads and rotor‐induced thrust forces. Two types of corrosion wastage, pitting, and uniform (general) corrosion, are considered. The health condition of the corroded tower is evaluated based on serviceability limit state and ultimate limit state criteria. The methodology developed in this paper will be integrated into the DHE system currently being developed by the authors for aging monopile‐type offshore wind turbines.","PeriodicalId":18223,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Corrosion","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142180248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lekan Taofeek Popoola, Alfred Ogbodo Agbo, Usman Taura, Adeyinka Sikiru Yusuff, Yuli Panca Asmara, Olusegun A. Olagunju, Onyemaechi Melford Chima
To curb environmental pollution emanating from the exhausts of engines using fossil diesel fuel (DF), studies on the use of biodiesel from renewable energy source are ongoing. However, engine components have been observed to corrode easily in biodiesels. In this study, a comparative study of the corrosion rate of aluminum coupon (AC) in biodiesel from waste cooking oil over chicken eggshell‐supported alumina catalyst (WCOB) and fossil DF was executed. Weight loss method was used to examine the corrosion rate. Highest corrosion rates of 0.0381 and 0.0052 mm year−1 were recorded for AC in WCOB and DF, respectively. The developed mathematical models proved effective for corrosion rate prediction. At optimum prediction, the minimum corrosion rates for the AC in WCOB and DF were 1.822 × 10−3 and 1.222 × 10−3 mm year, respectively. Characterization revealed pits formation and presence of oxygen and carbon on AC surface with loss of Al ions from the AC surface into WCOB and DF after corrosion. In conclusion, all results revealed high corrosion rates of AC in WCOB than DF.
{"title":"Corrosion Behavior of Aluminum in Fossil Diesel Fuel and Biodiesel From Chicken Eggshell‐Alumina‐Catalyzed Waste Cooking Oil","authors":"Lekan Taofeek Popoola, Alfred Ogbodo Agbo, Usman Taura, Adeyinka Sikiru Yusuff, Yuli Panca Asmara, Olusegun A. Olagunju, Onyemaechi Melford Chima","doi":"10.1002/maco.202414510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/maco.202414510","url":null,"abstract":"To curb environmental pollution emanating from the exhausts of engines using fossil diesel fuel (DF), studies on the use of biodiesel from renewable energy source are ongoing. However, engine components have been observed to corrode easily in biodiesels. In this study, a comparative study of the corrosion rate of aluminum coupon (AC) in biodiesel from waste cooking oil over chicken eggshell‐supported alumina catalyst (WCOB) and fossil DF was executed. Weight loss method was used to examine the corrosion rate. Highest corrosion rates of 0.0381 and 0.0052 mm year<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> were recorded for AC in WCOB and DF, respectively. The developed mathematical models proved effective for corrosion rate prediction. At optimum prediction, the minimum corrosion rates for the AC in WCOB and DF were 1.822 × 10<jats:sup>−3</jats:sup> and 1.222 × 10<jats:sup>−3</jats:sup> mm year, respectively. Characterization revealed pits formation and presence of oxygen and carbon on AC surface with loss of Al ions from the AC surface into WCOB and DF after corrosion. In conclusion, all results revealed high corrosion rates of AC in WCOB than DF.","PeriodicalId":18223,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Corrosion","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142180256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The stress corrosion behavior of Ti‐6Al‐3Nb‐2Zr‐1Mo (Ti6321, in wt%) alloy in seawater with different dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations was investigated using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, energy dispersive spectrometer, electrochemical measurements, and other advanced methodologies. The results indicate that when the DO concentration in seawater is insufficient, the passivation film will preferentially form on the α‐phase surface. Meanwhile, insufficient DO concentration leads to incomplete oxidation of the surface passivation film, resulting in an increase in surface defects. Hydrogen produced by reactions at crack tips is more likely to enter the surface of the titanium alloy through these defects, and under the influence of HEDE and HELP mechanisms, promote crack propagation.
采用 X 射线光电子能谱仪、能量色散光谱仪、电化学测量等先进方法，研究了不同溶解氧（DO）浓度的海水中 Ti-6Al-3Nb-2Zr-1Mo （Ti6321，重量百分比）合金的应力腐蚀行为。结果表明，当海水中的溶解氧浓度不足时，钝化膜会优先在 α 相表面形成。同时，溶解氧浓度不足会导致表面钝化膜氧化不完全，从而导致表面缺陷增加。裂纹尖端反应产生的氢更有可能通过这些缺陷进入钛合金表面，并在 HEDE 和 HELP 机制的影响下促进裂纹扩展。
{"title":"Stress corrosion behavior and mechanism of Ti6321 alloy in seawater with different dissolved oxygen concentrations","authors":"Fuyao Hao, Huixia Zhang, Xiangbo Li, Jian Hou, Wenju Li, Yali Xu, Weimin Guo","doi":"10.1002/maco.202414546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/maco.202414546","url":null,"abstract":"The stress corrosion behavior of Ti‐6Al‐3Nb‐2Zr‐1Mo (Ti6321, in wt%) alloy in seawater with different dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations was investigated using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, energy dispersive spectrometer, electrochemical measurements, and other advanced methodologies. The results indicate that when the DO concentration in seawater is insufficient, the passivation film will preferentially form on the α‐phase surface. Meanwhile, insufficient DO concentration leads to incomplete oxidation of the surface passivation film, resulting in an increase in surface defects. Hydrogen produced by reactions at crack tips is more likely to enter the surface of the titanium alloy through these defects, and under the influence of HEDE and HELP mechanisms, promote crack propagation.","PeriodicalId":18223,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Corrosion","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142180251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To study the corrosion behavior of Zn–Al pseudo alloy coatings with different Al contents, Zn–xAl (x = 19, 27, and 37) pseudo alloy coatings were prepared by the wire arc spraying technique using Zn and Al wires with different diameters. This study investigated the microstructure, electrochemical corrosion behavior, and corrosion morphology and products of the as‐sprayed coatings after the salt spray test in 5 wt% NaCl solution. The results exhibited that the Zn–Al pseudo alloy coatings with higher Al content form denser corrosion products (Zn5(OH)8Cl2·H2O and Zn–Al layered double hydroxide) with stronger self‐shielding effect against corrosive media, thus provide better long‐term corrosion protection. Besides, electrochemical reactions are controlled by mass transfer until corrosion for 24 h, and then by a combination of mass transfer and diffusion for 96 h. Overall, it can be concluded that the Zn–37Al pseudo alloy coating in this study shows great potential to protect steel substrates from corrosion.
{"title":"Study on corrosion resistance of arc sprayed Zn–xAl (x = 19, 27, and 37) pseudo alloy coatings in salt spray environment","authors":"Min Zhang, Song Wang, Qi Li, Shifeng Liu","doi":"10.1002/maco.202414355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/maco.202414355","url":null,"abstract":"To study the corrosion behavior of Zn–Al pseudo alloy coatings with different Al contents, Zn–<jats:italic>x</jats:italic>Al (x = 19, 27, and 37) pseudo alloy coatings were prepared by the wire arc spraying technique using Zn and Al wires with different diameters. This study investigated the microstructure, electrochemical corrosion behavior, and corrosion morphology and products of the as‐sprayed coatings after the salt spray test in 5 wt% NaCl solution. The results exhibited that the Zn–Al pseudo alloy coatings with higher Al content form denser corrosion products (Zn<jats:sub>5</jats:sub>(OH)<jats:sub>8</jats:sub>Cl<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>·H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O and Zn–Al layered double hydroxide) with stronger self‐shielding effect against corrosive media, thus provide better long‐term corrosion protection. Besides, electrochemical reactions are controlled by mass transfer until corrosion for 24 h, and then by a combination of mass transfer and diffusion for 96 h. Overall, it can be concluded that the Zn–37Al pseudo alloy coating in this study shows great potential to protect steel substrates from corrosion.","PeriodicalId":18223,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Corrosion","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142180268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, electrochemical experiments and numerical simulation methods are employed to study the multielectrode galvanic corrosion behavior of 6061‐Q235‐CFRP, and discuss the influence of the cathode and anode area ratio on the multielectrode galvanic corrosion behavior. The results show that in the 6061‐Q235‐CFRP multielectrode corrosion system, 6061 aluminum alloy is the only anode, and Q235 as well as CFRP are both cathodes. In a multielectrode galvanic system of 6061‐Q235‐CFRP, the current density of 6061 is slightly smaller than the sum of the current densities of 6061 in two galvanic systems of 6061‐Q235 as well as 6061‐CFRP. Moreover, the potential of the galvanic system shifts negatively and the current density decreases gradually with the increasing area of 6061, which has a logarithmic relationship with the area of the cathode and anode. While the current density increases with the increasing area of Q235 or CFRP.
{"title":"The effect of multielectrode galvanic corrosion behavior and area ratio on 6061 aluminum alloy, Q235 stainless steel, and carbon fiber composites","authors":"Guangyi Chen, Xiangdong Huai, Guisheng Xu, Wenzhuo Zhang, Xiaoqiang Han, Decheng Wang, Qi Yin, Dan Xie, Yuli Chen","doi":"10.1002/maco.202414392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/maco.202414392","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, electrochemical experiments and numerical simulation methods are employed to study the multielectrode galvanic corrosion behavior of 6061‐Q235‐CFRP, and discuss the influence of the cathode and anode area ratio on the multielectrode galvanic corrosion behavior. The results show that in the 6061‐Q235‐CFRP multielectrode corrosion system, 6061 aluminum alloy is the only anode, and Q235 as well as CFRP are both cathodes. In a multielectrode galvanic system of 6061‐Q235‐CFRP, the current density of 6061 is slightly smaller than the sum of the current densities of 6061 in two galvanic systems of 6061‐Q235 as well as 6061‐CFRP. Moreover, the potential of the galvanic system shifts negatively and the current density decreases gradually with the increasing area of 6061, which has a logarithmic relationship with the area of the cathode and anode. While the current density increases with the increasing area of Q235 or CFRP.","PeriodicalId":18223,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Corrosion","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142180253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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