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Effect of WC content on microstructure and properties of CrFeMoNiTi(WC)x high‐entropy alloys composite coatings prepared by selective laser melting WC含量对选择性激光熔化制备CrFeMoNiTi(WC)x高熵合金复合涂层组织和性能的影响
Pub Date : 2022-05-31 DOI: 10.1002/maco.202213228
Desheng Li, Ke Chen, X. Fu, Zixuan Hua
To improve the surface properties of Q235 carbon steels, CrFeMoNiTi(WC)x high‐entropy alloy composite coatings were fabricated via selective laser melting. The microstructure, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance of the composite coatings were studied. Spherical or near‐spherical tungsten carbide (WC) particles are dispersively distributed in the coatings, resulting in the appearance of obvious WC and TiW2C phases. And the composite coatings mainly consist of body‐centered cubic (BCC) and face‐centered cubic (FCC). When x ≤ 0.3, the addition of WC enhances the BCC diffraction peak. Microhardness of the composite coatings with WC increases and is much higher than that of the substrate (280.6 HV0.1). The hardness of the CrFeMoNiTi(WC)0.3 (1005.1 HV0.1) is the highest among the composite coatings. The retained WC particles and BCC acted as load bearers during the friction process, which reduces the wear loss of the composite coating. Also, the anodic protection caused by the corrosion‐resistant WC particles and BCC greatly improves the ability of the composite coatings to resist NaCl attack. Hence, CrFeMoNiTi(WC)0.3 exhibited the optimum wear resistance and corrosion resistance.
为了改善Q235碳钢的表面性能,采用选择性激光熔化法制备了CrFeMoNiTi(WC)x高熵合金复合涂层。研究了复合涂层的显微组织、耐磨性和耐蚀性。球形或近球形碳化钨颗粒分散分布在镀层中,形成明显的WC相和TiW2C相。复合涂层主要由体心立方层(BCC)和面心立方层(FCC)组成。当x≤0.3时,WC的加入使BCC衍射峰增强。WC使复合镀层的显微硬度提高,远高于基体的显微硬度(280.6 HV0.1)。CrFeMoNiTi(WC)的硬度为0.3 (1005.1 HV0.1),在复合涂层中硬度最高。在摩擦过程中,残留的WC颗粒和BCC起到了承载作用,降低了复合涂层的磨损损失。此外,耐腐蚀WC颗粒和BCC所产生的阳极保护也大大提高了复合涂层抗NaCl侵蚀的能力。因此,CrFeMoNiTi(WC)0.3具有最佳的耐磨性和耐腐蚀性。
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引用次数: 1
Corrosion protection of  Zn–Al–Mg‐coated steel by a layered double hydroxide conversion layer 双层氢氧化物转化层对Zn-Al-Mg涂层钢的防腐作用
Pub Date : 2022-05-31 DOI: 10.1002/maco.202213097
Tobias Holzner, G. Luckeneder, B. Strauß, M. Valtiner
Conversion layers produced on an industrial scale are typically based on phosphates or chromates and involve toxicological and environmental problematic treatment solutions and waste. Concerning this matter, layered double hydroxide (LDH)‐based conversion layers prepared by the process described in our study offer a promising alternative where the treatment solution comes with no environmental or toxicological concerns. The corrosion protection of Zn–Al–Mg (ZM)‐coated steel by an in situ grown LDH conversion layer is investigated by potentiodynamic polarization measurements, linear polarization resistance determination, neutral salt spray test and mass loss test. An LDH layer formation time as short as 30 s considerably improves the corrosion resistance of ZM‐coated steel in electrochemical testing as well as in industrially relevant corrosion testing under chloride‐containing atmospheres. With prolonged LDH formation times, further improvement in corrosion protection is obtained. The significantly increased corrosion resistance of ZM‐coated steel after the industrially feasible treatment time of 30 s makes LDH‐based conversion layers a promising candidate for novel industrially viable conversion layers, with enhanced corrosion performance and environmentally benign as well as sustainable chemistry.
工业规模生产的转化层通常以磷酸盐或铬酸盐为基础,涉及毒理学和环境问题的处理方案和废物。关于这个问题,我们研究中描述的工艺制备的分层双氢氧化物(LDH)基转化层提供了一个很有前途的替代方案,其处理溶液没有环境或毒理学问题。通过动电位极化测量、线性极化电阻测定、中盐雾试验和质量损失试验,研究了原位生长LDH转化层对Zn-Al-Mg (ZM)涂层钢的防腐性能。LDH层的形成时间短至30 s,大大提高了ZM涂层钢在电化学测试中的耐腐蚀性,以及在含氯化物气氛下的工业相关腐蚀测试。随着LDH形成时间的延长,进一步提高了防腐性能。在工业上可行的处理时间为30 s后,ZM涂层钢的耐腐蚀性显著提高,使LDH基转化层成为新型工业上可行的转化层的有希望的候选者,具有增强的腐蚀性能和环保以及可持续的化学反应。
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引用次数: 2
Influence of corrosion behavior of X80 steel in silty soil containing composite sodium salt based on orthogonal test 基于正交试验的X80钢在含复合钠盐粉质土中腐蚀行为的影响
Pub Date : 2022-05-05 DOI: 10.1002/maco.202213150
Yuting Wang, P. Han, Funan Sun, Ruizhen Xie, X. Bai, B. He, Xiaoyuan Wang
The corrosion law of X80 steel in silty soils with different contents of sodium chloride and sodium sulfate is studied at different temperatures by using an orthogonal test group of three factors and three levels L9 (34) in conjunction with the results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, polarization curve, and microscopic images. The steel corrosion rate increases with the silty soil temperature. The presence of SO42− in silty soil inhibits corrosion in X80 steel. The corrosion mechanism involves competition between Cl− and SO42− for adsorption sites: SO42− ions occupy some corrosion pits, and FeS and other corrosion products are generated and adhere to the surface of the corrosion pits, inhibiting further reaction. A range analysis of the fitted electrochemical impedance spectra and polarization curves of X80 steel shows that the temperature has the strongest effect on the corrosion of X80 steel, followed by the Cl− content, whereas the SO42− content has the least effect. The lowest corrosion rate is found for a silty soil Cl− content of 0.3%, a SO42− content of 2.0%, and a temperature of −20°C.
采用三因素三水平L9(34)正交试验组,结合电化学阻抗谱、极化曲线和显微图像,研究了不同温度下X80钢在不同氯化钠和硫酸钠含量粉质土中的腐蚀规律。钢的腐蚀速率随粉土温度的升高而增大。粉质土壤中SO42−的存在抑制了X80钢的腐蚀。腐蚀机制涉及Cl -和SO42 -对吸附位点的竞争,SO42 -离子占据了一些腐蚀坑,产生了FeS等腐蚀产物并附着在腐蚀坑表面,抑制了进一步的反应。对X80钢的电化学阻抗谱和极化曲线进行极差分析表明,温度对X80钢腐蚀的影响最大,其次是Cl−含量,SO42−含量的影响最小。当粉质土壤Cl−含量为0.3%、SO42−含量为2.0%、温度为- 20℃时,腐蚀速率最低。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding the role of Ti addition on the corrosion and passive film characteristics of Nb stabilized AISI 347 weld 了解Ti对Nb稳定AISI 347焊缝腐蚀及钝化膜特性的影响
Pub Date : 2022-05-04 DOI: 10.1002/maco.202213158
Dikshant Malhotra, A. S. Shahi
A multipass multilayer weld pad was fabricated on AISI 347 base metal with filler combinations of AISI 321 and AISI 347, to understand the role of Ti addition on metallurgical, corrosion, and passive film characteristics of the AISI 347 weld. Weld layers with Nb content of 0.53 wt.%, 0.47 wt.%, 0.23 wt.% and Ti of 0 wt.%, 0.21 wt.%, 0.33 wt.%, respectively, were extracted from fabricated weld pad. Selected weld metal compositions were subjected to thermal aging at 750°C for 24 h to investigate the influence of varying precipitation induced in these welds. Ti addition in AISI 347 weld showed lower enrichment of C and Cr at dendritic regions resulting in reduced Cr depletion, lower sensitization, enhanced pitting potential, and repassivation ability compared to conventional Nb stabilized AISI 347 weld. Passive film characteristics studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy depicted formation of more protective, and dense passive film with higher Cr, Ni, and O concentrations for Ti added AISI 347 weld relative to conventional ones. Therefore, Ti addition via the use of Ti stabilized filler in the Nb stabilized AISI 347 weld proved to be efficient in enhancing its corrosion performance by forming a more protective passive oxide film.
采用AISI 321和AISI 347两种钎料组合在AISI 347母材上制备了多道次多层焊垫,研究了Ti添加对AISI 347焊缝的冶金、腐蚀和钝化膜特性的影响。焊层含铌量为0.53 wt。%, 0.47 wt。%, 0.23 wt。%和Ti (0 wt)。%, 0.21 wt。%, 0.33 wt。%,分别从预制焊垫中提取。选定的焊缝金属成分在750℃下热时效24 h,以研究在这些焊缝中引起的不同析出物的影响。与传统的Nb稳定的AISI 347焊缝相比,在AISI 347焊缝中加入Ti后,枝晶区C和Cr的富集程度较低,从而减少了Cr的损耗,降低了敏化程度,增强了点蚀电位和再钝化能力。通过电化学阻抗谱和X射线光电子能谱研究的钝化膜特性表明,与传统的钝化膜相比,添加Ti的AISI 347焊缝形成了更强的保护性和致密的钝化膜,其Cr、Ni和O浓度更高。因此,通过使用Ti稳定填料在Nb稳定的AISI 347焊缝中添加Ti,通过形成更具保护性的被动氧化膜,可以有效地提高其腐蚀性能。
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引用次数: 2
Corrosion performance of powder‐coated aluminum profiles with increased trace element content 随着微量元素含量的增加,粉末涂层铝型材的腐蚀性能
Pub Date : 2022-05-04 DOI: 10.1002/maco.202213173
Alexander Lutz, Malgorzata Chojak Halseid, I. De Graeve
In this study, the corrosion susceptibility of powder‐coated Al6060 alloys with increasing Cu and Zn content is evaluated in a benchmark test. Although higher Cu and Zn limits would enable the industry to increase the use of end‐of‐life scrap and thus produce eco‐friendlier aluminum profiles, such alloys are often disregarded due to concerns of corrosion, especially filiform corrosion. Our results suggest that this concern is ungrounded as long as typical quality specifications for the pretreatment and coating process are followed and the alloy composition is kept within the limits of the European norm AW6060. Furthermore, we point out that the variation of the results due to processing at different coating production lines is larger than the difference between alloys of different Cu and Zn contents.
在本研究中,在基准测试中评估了随着Cu和Zn含量的增加,粉末涂层Al6060合金的腐蚀敏感性。虽然更高的Cu和Zn限制将使行业增加对报废废料的使用,从而生产出更环保的铝型材,但由于担心腐蚀,特别是丝状腐蚀,这种合金经常被忽视。我们的研究结果表明,只要遵循预处理和涂层工艺的典型质量规范,并且合金成分保持在欧洲标准AW6060的限制范围内,这种担忧就没有根据。此外,我们还指出,在不同的涂层生产线上加工导致的结果差异大于不同Cu和Zn含量合金之间的差异。
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引用次数: 2
Long‐term low‐temperature hot corrosion of PTA welded René 41 superalloy under marine‐like conditions 类似海洋条件下PTA焊接ren<s:1> 41高温合金的长期低温热腐蚀
Pub Date : 2022-05-03 DOI: 10.1002/maco.202213053
Christian Hempel, M. Mandel, C. Schimpf, L. Krüger
The hot corrosion behavior of plasma transferred arc (PTA) welded René 41 in NaCl, NaVO3, Na2SO4, and a salt mixture of 87.5 wt% Na2SO4 + 5 wt% NaCl + 7.5 wt% NaVO3 was investigated at 600°C. The single‐salt experiments were carried out to identify specific corrosion characteristics and to provide insights into and, thus, an understanding of the corresponding corrosion processes. NaVO3 and NaCl showed strong corrosive effects, while Na2SO4 proved less corrosive. Long‐term experiments were carried out to simulate real machine operating conditions. After cyclic studies with repeated changes in temperature, the deep and local corrosive attack became apparent, which is characteristic for low‐temperature hot corrosion.
在600℃下,研究了等离子转移电弧(PTA)焊接材料ren 41在NaCl、NaVO3、Na2SO4和87.5 wt% Na2SO4 + 5 wt% NaCl + 7.5 wt% NaVO3混合盐中的热腐蚀行为。进行单盐实验是为了确定特定的腐蚀特征,并提供见解,从而了解相应的腐蚀过程。NaVO3和NaCl的腐蚀作用较强,Na2SO4的腐蚀作用较弱。进行了长期的实验,以模拟真实的机器操作条件。经过反复温度变化的循环研究,深层和局部腐蚀变得明显,这是低温热腐蚀的特征。
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引用次数: 0
Dynamic and localized microelectrochemical approaches to evaluate the corrosion resistance of newly developed lean duplex stainless steel alloys 动态和局部微电化学方法评价新开发的贫双相不锈钢合金的耐蚀性
Pub Date : 2022-05-03 DOI: 10.1002/maco.202213174
Arumugam Madhan Kumar, I. Toor
A combination of scanning microelectrochemical techniques along with the conventional electrochemical approaches is explored to attain insight information on the localized corrosion on the newly developed lean duplex stainless steel (LDSS) alloys. The obtained results from dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (DEIS) tests explained the beneficial role of different alloying elements on the passive and transpassive regions of the investigated LDSS alloys in a 3.5% NaCl solution. The scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET) was effective in examining the anodic and cathodic regions on the corroding LDSS, whereas the scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) technique was employed to explore the localized corrosion sites on LDSS in NaCl solution. The acquired SVET results revealed a reduction in the susceptibility of the newly developed alloys to localized corrosion concerning their composition, accounting for the enhanced corrosion resistance. The obtained result from conventional and scanning microelectrochemical techniques obviously revealed the LDSS alloy with the composition of Fe–16Cr–2Ni–2Mn–1Mo exhibited higher localized corrosion resistance in NaCl solution.
本文探讨了扫描微电化学技术与传统电化学方法的结合,以获得新开发的精益双相不锈钢(LDSS)合金局部腐蚀的深入信息。动态电化学阻抗谱(DEIS)测试结果解释了不同合金元素对所研究的LDSS合金在3.5% NaCl溶液中钝化和透化区的有利作用。扫描振动电极技术(SVET)可以有效地检测腐蚀LDSS的阳极和阴极区域,而扫描电化学显微镜(SECM)技术则可以检测腐蚀LDSS在NaCl溶液中的局部腐蚀部位。获得的SVET结果显示,新开发的合金在其成分方面对局部腐蚀的敏感性降低,这是耐腐蚀性增强的原因。结果表明,Fe-16Cr-2Ni-2Mn-1Mo组成的LDSS合金在NaCl溶液中具有较高的耐局部腐蚀性能。
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引用次数: 2
Effect of preaging temperature on microstructure evolution, mechanical and corrosion behavior of RRA‐treated high‐zinc 7068 alloy 预温对RRA处理高锌7068合金组织演变、力学和腐蚀行为的影响
Pub Date : 2022-05-03 DOI: 10.1002/maco.202213196
Ankur Kumar, G. Chaudhari, S. Nath
Mechanical and corrosion behavior of high‐strength, high‐zinc (>7 wt%) containing 7068 aluminum alloy is investigated after employing different retrogression and reaging (RRA) treatments. The effect of preaging conditions on the distribution of copper, zinc, and magnesium, the volume fraction of η′ phase, and the width of precipitate free zones (PFZ) have been investigated. Microstructural and compositional features characterized by scanning electron microscope‐energy dispersive spectroscopy, scanning transmission electron microscope, and differential scanning calorimetry are correlated with hardness and corrosion performance. The localized attack is manifested in the dissolution of second phase precipitates which occurs from selective leaching of magnesium and aluminum. A combination of two opposite effects, that is, the presence of nobler, high‐copper grain boundary precipitates and microgalvanic effect of PFZ along with the distribution of alloying elements, that is, Cu, Zn, and Mg govern the electrochemical behavior of RRA‐treated 7068 alloy. Optimum preaging and RRA conditions are identified for this high‐zinc 7xxx series alloy.
研究了高强度、高锌(bbb707 wt%)含7068铝合金在不同的时效(RRA)处理后的力学和腐蚀行为。研究了预浸条件对铜、锌、镁分布、η′相体积分数和无析出区宽度的影响。通过扫描电镜-能量色散光谱、扫描透射电镜和差示扫描量热法表征的显微组织和成分特征与硬度和腐蚀性能相关。局部侵蚀表现为镁铝选择性浸出过程中第二相析出物的溶解。两种相反的作用,即更高贵的高铜晶界析出物的存在和PFZ的微电效应以及合金元素(Cu、Zn和Mg)的分布,共同决定了RRA处理7068合金的电化学行为。确定了高锌7xxx系列合金的最佳预时效和RRA条件。
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引用次数: 2
Tannic acid‐copper metal‐organic frameworks decorated graphene oxide for reinforcement of the corrosion protection of waterborne epoxy coatings 单宁酸-铜金属-有机框架装饰氧化石墨烯,用于增强水性环氧涂料的防腐性能
Pub Date : 2022-05-02 DOI: 10.1002/maco.202213189
Li Cheng, Peimin Hou, Chengbao Liu
Waterborne anticorrosion coatings have aroused tremendous attention in the metal protection field due to their environmentally friendly properties. However, the limited barrier performance and poor resistance to corrosive species severely impede its practical applications. Herein, tannic acid‐copper metal‐organic framework (TA‐Cu) was first synthesized via oxidative coordination and then assembled with graphene oxide to obtain TA‐Cu‐decorated graphene oxide (TAG), which was utilized to improve the anticorrosion performance of waterborne epoxy (WEP) coatings. Electrochemical measurements demonstrated that the impermeability of WEP has been significantly enhanced with the incorporation of TAG. Meanwhile, local electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests indicated that the corrosion reaction at defected region can be effectively suppressed, presenting an active anticorrosion function. The protection mechanisms are attributed to (1) TA‐Cu contributed to the dispersion of graphene oxide in WEP and impeded the intrusion of aggressive ions and (2) the coordination and adsorption of TA on steel inhibited the redox process and corrosion extension.
水性防腐涂料以其环保性在金属防护领域引起了广泛的关注。但其阻隔性能有限,耐腐蚀性较差,严重阻碍了其实际应用。本文首先通过氧化配位合成了单宁酸-铜金属-有机骨架(TA‐Cu),然后与氧化石墨烯组装得到TA‐Cu修饰的氧化石墨烯(TAG),用于提高水性环氧树脂(WEP)涂层的防腐性能。电化学测试表明,加入TAG后,WEP的抗渗性能显著提高。同时,局部电化学阻抗谱测试表明,缺陷区域的腐蚀反应能够得到有效抑制,呈现出积极的防腐功能。这种保护机制可归因于:(1)TA‐Cu有助于氧化石墨烯在WEP中的分散,并阻碍了侵蚀离子的侵入;(2)TA在钢上的配位和吸附抑制了氧化还原过程和腐蚀扩展。
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引用次数: 2
Masthead: Materials and Corrosion. 5/2022 报头:材料与腐蚀。5/2022
Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/maco.202270052
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引用次数: 0
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Materials and Corrosion
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