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Tannins as interphase corrosion inhibitors for aluminum in near‐neutral chloride solutions 单宁在近中性氯溶液中作为铝的相间缓蚀剂
Pub Date : 2022-01-20 DOI: 10.1002/maco.202112765
C. Byrne, Oriana D'Alessandro, C. Deyá
The addition of tara and quebracho colorado tannins remarkably reduces the corrosion rate of aluminum in near‐neutral and naturally aerated NaCl solutions. The experimental results (potentiodynamic polarization curves, corrosion potential measurements, scanning electron microscopy–energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy [SEM‐EDS] analysis on exposed surfaces) show that both tannins behave as a mixed‐type corrosion inhibitor of aluminum. In the absence of tannins, the SEM‐EDS analysis of the exposed samples demonstrates the accumulation of corrosion products and the existence of chlorinated compounds adsorbed on the metal surface. In the samples immersed in both tannins solutions, a more homogenous and compact layer is formed over the aluminum surface. Furthermore, in these layers chlorine was not found, revealing a high blocking capacity of the chloride adsorption when the tannins are present. Taking into account these findings, an inhibitory mechanism of aluminum corrosion is proposed. This mechanism is interphase inhibition, which involves the adsorption and incorporation of tannin molecules during the corrosion products passive layer formation, resulting in a protective three‐dimensional structure that retards both anodic and cathodic reactions.
tara和quebracho colorado单宁的加入显著降低了铝在近中性和自然曝气NaCl溶液中的腐蚀速率。实验结果(电势极化曲线、腐蚀电位测量、暴露表面的扫描电子显微镜-能量色散X射线能谱[SEM - EDS]分析)表明,这两种单宁都表现为铝的混合型缓蚀剂。在没有单宁的情况下,暴露样品的SEM - EDS分析表明腐蚀产物的积累和金属表面吸附的氯化化合物的存在。在两种单宁溶液中浸泡的样品中,铝表面形成了更均匀和致密的层。此外,在这些层中没有发现氯,表明当单宁存在时氯化物吸附的高阻断能力。考虑到这些发现,提出了铝腐蚀的抑制机制。这种机制是相间抑制,在腐蚀产物被动层形成过程中,单宁分子的吸附和结合导致了一个保护性的三维结构,从而延缓了阳极和阴极反应。
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引用次数: 4
Enhanced predictive corrosion modeling of crevice evolution at e‐coat defects under cyclic climate conditions 循环气候条件下e - coat缺陷裂缝演化的增强预测腐蚀模型
Pub Date : 2022-01-19 DOI: 10.1002/maco.202112930
Benjamin Wagner, Andreas Mittelbach, P. Geiss
E‐coated galvanized steel sheets are widespread parts of the automotive industry. Hence, the undermining of the organic coating due to defects is a crucial issue. The delamination of an e‐coating is simulated for different cyclic climate conditions using the finite element method to predict the corrosion behavior over several weeks. A semiempirical mixed potential theory model is developed incorporating the time‐of‐wetness, the temperature, and the effect of corrosion products. Furthermore, the spatial orientation of the sheets is considered in the simulation. The trends of experimental delamination widths of corrosion tests are well described by the simulation.
电子镀膜镀锌钢板是汽车工业中广泛使用的部件。因此,由于缺陷导致的有机涂层的破坏是一个关键问题。在不同的循环气候条件下,利用有限元方法模拟了电子涂层的分层,以预测几周内的腐蚀行为。建立了一种半经验混合势理论模型,该模型考虑了浸湿时间、温度和腐蚀产物的影响。此外,在仿真中还考虑了板材的空间取向。模拟结果较好地描述了腐蚀试验脱层宽度的变化趋势。
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引用次数: 0
Investigation into creep‐to‐rupture of SIMP steel in stagnant LBE at 300–450°C SIMP钢在300-450°C停滞LBE中蠕变至断裂的研究
Pub Date : 2022-01-13 DOI: 10.1002/maco.202112887
Qing Liao, Bingsheng Li, F. Ge, Renda Wang, Hongpeng Zhang, V. Kršjak, Yanbin Sheng
Ferritic/martensitic steel was chosen as a primary candidate structural material for China Initiative Accelerator Driven System (CiADS) which started in 2015. A new kind of tempered martensitic steel, Steel of Institute of Modern Physics (SIMP), was designed to meet the requirements of the special operating environment. Structural materials suffer from liquid Pb‐Bi corrosion and liquid metal wetting at 450°C. Liquid metal wetting can seriously affect the mechanical properties of structural materials due to the decrease in surface energy and transition from martensitic laths to ferritic grains. Creep‐to‐rupture of SIMP steel was explored in stagnant liquid Pb‐Bi eutectic at 450°C. The possible reasons for creep‐to‐rupture are discussed. The results of the present study provide a new insight into challenges related to the application of SIMP steel in CiADS.
铁素体/马氏体钢被选为2015年启动的中国加速器驱动系统(CiADS)的主要候选结构材料。为满足特殊作业环境的要求,设计了一种新型回火马氏体钢——现代物理研究所钢。结构材料在450°C时遭受液态Pb - Bi腐蚀和液态金属润湿。液态金属润湿会使结构材料表面能降低,由马氏体板条向铁素体晶粒转变,从而严重影响结构材料的力学性能。研究了SIMP钢在450°C的Pb - Bi共晶停滞液中的蠕变-断裂。讨论了蠕变到断裂的可能原因。本研究的结果为SIMP钢在CiADS中应用的挑战提供了新的见解。
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引用次数: 2
Enhancement of barrier and corrosion protection performance of epoxy coatings through adding eco‐friendly lamellar biochar 添加环保层状生物炭提高环氧涂料的阻隔和防腐性能
Pub Date : 2022-01-07 DOI: 10.1002/maco.202112697
Beibei Zhang, G. Wang, Shenghua Ma, Hui Wang, J. Bai
Biomass, as a green and renewable energy source, can be procured from a broad range of sources and is low in cost. The full exploitation of biomass could reduce the dependence on and consumption of fossil fuels, and is conducive to the protection of the environment. The prevention of corrosion of metals is an issue considered problematic in many fields, including in industrial production among others. Many anticorrosion materials are expensive and are noxious to the environment. This is an important issue that anticorrosion workers cannot ignore. This study proposes the use of biochar epoxy to boost the barrier properties of the coating, which is both economical and eco‐friendly. The incorporation of biochar can reduce the porosity of the coating and complicate the path of the corrosive media towards the steel substrate. Additionally, it can also reinforce the anticorrosion performance of the coatings. First, this article introduces the effect of biochars with different ultrasonic durations on the anticorrosion performance of anticorrosion coatings. After finding the biochar with the optimal ultrasonic duration, the effects of biochar on the anticorrosion performance of the coatings at different temperatures are assessed and the changes in its anticorrosion performance following soaking are discussed. The discussion concludes that applying biochar to anticorrosion coatings provides a feasible type of coating for anticorrosion work.
生物质作为一种绿色和可再生能源,可以从广泛的来源获得,而且成本低。充分利用生物质可以减少对化石燃料的依赖和消耗,有利于保护环境。金属腐蚀的预防在许多领域都是一个问题,包括在工业生产等领域。许多防腐材料既昂贵又对环境有害。这是防腐工作者不能忽视的一个重要问题。本研究提出使用生物炭环氧树脂来提高涂层的阻隔性能,既经济又环保。生物炭的掺入可以减少涂层的孔隙率,并使腐蚀介质向钢基体的路径复杂化。此外,它还可以增强涂层的防腐性能。首先,本文介绍了不同超声波持续时间的生物炭对防腐涂层防腐性能的影响。在找到最佳超声持续时间的生物炭后,评估了不同温度下生物炭对涂层防腐性能的影响,并讨论了浸泡后生物炭防腐性能的变化。研究表明,将生物炭应用于防腐涂料为防腐工作提供了一种可行的涂料类型。
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引用次数: 0
Formation and corrosion resistance of a novel Co–Ti–Mo composite chromium‐free chemical conversion coating on LY12 aluminum alloy LY12铝合金上新型Co-Ti-Mo复合无铬化学转化涂层的形成及其耐蚀性
Pub Date : 2022-01-06 DOI: 10.1002/maco.202112951
Xuzheng Qian, Waner Zhao, W. Zhan, Tianyue Zhang, Jingjing Pan, Yiting Liu
A novel type of Co–Ti–Mo conversion coating (CoTiMoCC) was prepared on LY12 aluminum alloy, furthermore the optimal formula and the effect of conversion time (CTI) were studied in detail. The micromorphology and phase compositions were systematically investigated by scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the corrosion resistance was determined by dropping test, electrochemical tests, and immersion test. Results reveal that the best formula of CoTiMoCC is Co2SO4: 2.0 g/L, H2TiF6: 1.5 ml/L, and Na2MoO4: 1.0 g/L and the corresponding optimal CTI is 16 min. Significantly, the micromorphology of CoTiMoCC under the best conversion condition is relatively smooth, continuous, and dense, and the major elements on the surface are Co, Ti, Mo, Al, O, and F. The phase compositions mainly consist of CoO, Co3O4, MoO3, Mo2O5, TiO2, and Al2O3, as well as a small quantity of AlF3·3H2O and Na3AlF6. Compared with the Al alloy matrix, CoTiMoCC acquires an order of magnitude lower Icorr and thus significantly reduces its corrosion rate, which is also confirmed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results. Further study of immersion test exhibits that the corrosion resistance of CoTiMoCC is approximately five times that of Al alloy matrix, and no obvious corrosion spots are generated on its surface.
在LY12铝合金上制备了一种新型的Co-Ti-Mo转化涂层(CoTiMoCC),并对最佳配方及转化时间(CTI)的影响进行了详细研究。采用扫描电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱技术对其微观形貌和相组成进行了系统的研究,并通过跌落试验、电化学试验和浸渍试验对其耐腐蚀性进行了测定。结果表明,CoTiMoCC的最佳配方为Co2SO4: 2.0 g/L、H2TiF6: 1.5 ml/L、Na2MoO4: 1.0 g/L,最佳反应时间为16 min。值得注意的是,在最佳转化条件下,CoTiMoCC的微观形貌相对光滑、连续、致密,表面主要元素为Co、Ti、Mo、Al、O和f。相组成主要为CoO、Co3O4、MoO3、Mo2O5、TiO2和Al2O3,以及少量的AlF3·3H2O和Na3AlF6。与铝合金基体相比,CoTiMoCC的Icorr降低了一个数量级,从而显著降低了其腐蚀速率,电化学阻抗谱结果也证实了这一点。进一步浸渍试验研究表明,CoTiMoCC的耐蚀性约为铝合金基体的5倍,且其表面未产生明显的腐蚀斑点。
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引用次数: 1
Roles of Sb addition on the corrosion resistance of the low‐alloy steel in a real tropical marine atmosphere 添加Sb对低合金钢在真实热带海洋大气中耐腐蚀性能的影响
Pub Date : 2022-01-05 DOI: 10.1002/maco.202112818
Wei Wu, Niyun Liu, Peilin Chai, Li-li Zhu, Shiyu Huang, Ying Yang, Bo Zhao, Zhiyong Liu
The corrosion behaviors of Sb‐free and Sb‐added low‐alloy structural steels were comparatively studied in a real tropical marine atmosphere. And the role of Sb addition on corrosion resistance was clarified by electrochemical measurement and rust analysis. The results showed that the addition of 0.05% Sb increased the polarization resistance, reduced the cathodic current density, and slowed down the oxygen reduction process. Meanwhile, Sb addition optimized the physical structure, promoted the transformation of phase, and improved the protection of the rust. More importantly, 0.05% Sb addition inhibited the local acidification at the bottom of the pits, thus slowing down the local corrosion process at the rust/matrix interface. Accordingly, the corrosion resistance of the Sb‐added low‐alloy steel was enhanced, causing a lower corrosion rate than that of Sb‐free steel in a tropical marine atmosphere.
比较研究了不含Sb和添加Sb的低合金结构钢在热带海洋大气中的腐蚀行为。通过电化学测定和防锈分析,阐明了添加Sb对耐蚀性的影响。结果表明,0.05% Sb的加入增加了极化电阻,降低了阴极电流密度,减缓了氧还原过程。同时Sb的加入优化了镀层的物理结构,促进了镀层的相转变,提高了镀层的防锈性。更重要的是,添加0.05% Sb抑制了凹坑底部的局部酸化,从而减缓了锈斑/基体界面的局部腐蚀过程。因此,添加Sb的低合金钢在热带海洋大气中的腐蚀速率比不添加Sb的低合金钢低。
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引用次数: 1
Cyclic oxidation behavior of MCrAlX coatings made by electrolytic codeposition 电解共沉积MCrAlX涂层的循环氧化行为
Pub Date : 2022-01-04 DOI: 10.1002/maco.202112843
Ying Zhang, Jason Witman, S. Dryepondt
MCrAlY coatings made by electron beam physical vapor deposition or thermal spray are often used to provide protection for superalloys against high‐temperature oxidation and corrosion. In addition to Y, other elements such as Ta, Hf, and Si have been reported to be beneficial. In this paper, NiCoCrAlX (where X = Y, Ta, Hf, and/or Si) coatings were fabricated via an electrolytic codeposition process in a sulfate‐based Ni–Co plating solution. As compared to uncoated René 80 substrates, the electro‐codeposited NiCoCrAlX coatings demonstrated superior performance during oxidation testing with a 1‐h cycle frequency at 1000°C and 1100°C. Further improved oxidation resistance was observed for the coatings with Hf and Si additions, but not with the addition of Ta. The levels of S, Y, and O in the electrodeposited NiCoCrAlY coating were measured by high‐resolution glow discharge mass spectrometry and were compared to those in thermal spray coatings.
由电子束物理气相沉积或热喷涂制成的MCrAlY涂层通常用于保护高温合金免受高温氧化和腐蚀。除Y外,其他元素如Ta、Hf和Si也被认为是有益的。在本文中,NiCoCrAlX(其中X = Y, Ta, Hf和/或Si)涂层在硫酸盐基Ni-Co镀液中通过电解共沉积工艺制备。与未涂覆的ren 80基材相比,电共沉积NiCoCrAlX涂层在1000°C和1100°C下的1 h循环频率氧化测试中表现出优越的性能。添加Hf和Si后涂层的抗氧化性能得到进一步提高,而添加Ta后涂层的抗氧化性能没有提高。采用高分辨率辉光放电质谱法测定了电沉积NiCoCrAlY涂层中S、Y和O的含量,并与热喷涂涂层进行了比较。
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引用次数: 0
Machine learning‐based analysis and prediction of the interfacial corrosion processes of copper cathode plates during the electrolytic production of copper powders 基于机器学习的铜阴极板在电解生产铜粉过程中的界面腐蚀过程分析和预测
Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1002/maco.202112977
Youzhi Zhou, Pengcheng Lin, Xin Ke, Qiang Hu, Qi Shi, Jingguo Zhang, Zhong Wang, Limin Wang
Present efforts to support the essential industrial‐scale electrolytic production of copper‐based metal powders urgently require approaches to the real‐time predicting of corrosion of copper cathodes employed in electrolytic production processes. However, current approaches are extremely limited owing to the difficulty of accurately modeling the complex cathode corrosion process. In this study, the corrosion process under different parameters was analyzed by a self‐designed continuous electrolytic corrosion experimental device, clarify the influence mechanism of current density on the corrosion of the solid–liquid–gas interface area, and addresses this issue by applying a random forest machine learning approach based on three process parameters, including the electrolyte temperature, liquid‐level fluctuation cycle period, and current density. The dataset employed in the model is obtained using a novel experimental corrosion test method based on electrode arrays. The experimental results include the corrosion rates of copper cathode plates at different positions relative to the liquid electrolyte level during the electrolysis process. The resulting stochastic model is demonstrated to obtain a high prediction accuracy of 97% for the various regions of copper cathode plates defined according to liquid electrolyte level.
目前,为了支持铜基金属粉末的工业规模电解生产,迫切需要实时预测电解生产过程中铜阴极腐蚀的方法。然而,由于难以准确模拟复杂的阴极腐蚀过程,目前的方法非常有限。本研究通过自行设计的连续电解腐蚀实验装置,分析了不同参数下的腐蚀过程,阐明了电流密度对固液气界面区域腐蚀的影响机理,并采用基于电解质温度、液位波动周期和电流密度三个过程参数的随机森林机器学习方法解决了这一问题。该模型使用的数据集是采用一种基于电极阵列的新型腐蚀试验方法获得的。实验结果包括电解过程中不同位置的铜阴极板相对于液体电解质水平的腐蚀速率。结果表明,该随机模型对铜阴极板的不同区域的预测精度高达97%。
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引用次数: 0
EFC Newsletter EFC通讯
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/maco.202270015
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引用次数: 0
Corrosion protection properties of poly(4‐vinyl pyridine) containing multilayer polymeric coatings on magnesium alloy AZ31 含聚(4 -乙烯基吡啶)多层聚合物涂层在镁合金AZ31上的防腐性能
Pub Date : 2021-12-10 DOI: 10.1002/maco.202112708
Chayanika Das, Eleni Kastania, J. Witt, O. Ozcan
The aim of this study is to develop polymeric thin films for corrosion protection of magnesium alloy AZ31. As polymer matrix, poly(4‐vinyl pyridine) (P4VP) is selected due to its semiconducting properties and protonic conductivity. Polyacrylic acid is tested as crosslinking layers to improve interfacial adhesion. The macroscopic corrosion properties of the multilayer coatings are investigated by means of electrochemical methods, such as linear sweep voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), in corrosive media simulating technical and biomedical applications. It is demonstrated that thin multilayer coatings can suppress the corrosion rates of magnesium alloys. To our best knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the use of P4VP as a conducting polymer film with protonic conductivity for corrosion protection of magnesium alloys.
本研究的目的是开发用于镁合金AZ31防腐的聚合物薄膜。聚(4‐乙烯基吡啶)(P4VP)由于其半导体特性和质子导电性而被选择作为聚合物基质。测试了聚丙烯酸作为交联层,以提高界面附着力。利用线性扫描伏安法和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)等电化学方法研究了多层涂层在腐蚀介质模拟技术和生物医学应用中的宏观腐蚀性能。结果表明,多层薄涂层可以抑制镁合金的腐蚀速率。据我们所知,这是第一次证明使用P4VP作为具有质子导电性的导电聚合物膜来保护镁合金的腐蚀。
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引用次数: 3
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Materials and Corrosion
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