Excessive heat generation is a common problem in automobiles due to wear and tear of working parts. A suitable heat transfer system is required to avoid stalling automobiles due to the large quantity of heat generated. Liquids like water and ethylene glycol (EG) serve as a coolant by reducing generated heat. To further increase the effectiveness of these coolants, nanofluids which contain nanosized particles dispersed in base fluid like water, ethylene glycol, or a mixture of these two, can be used. In the present work, hybrid nanofluids using Ti3C2 (MXene) (2D) and functionalized multi-wall carbon nanotubes (F-MWCNTs) (1D) nanocomposites are prepared. The prepared material is characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) for structural analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) for morphological and elemental analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for identifying functional groups. The suitability of the prepared nanofluids is tested for heat transfer application by measuring the thermal conductivity and viscosity. The long-term stability of the nanofluids is verified by zeta potential measurement. The addition of the dispersant to the water has shown an enhanced thermal conductivity (about 10.83% at room temperature and 96.76% at 50 °C) while having lower viscosity compared to the base fluid (water), confirming the suitability for heat transfer applications.
{"title":"Mixed-dimensional nanofluids: Synergistic thermal enhancement using 2D and 1D materials","authors":"Shivakumar Jagadish Shetty , M.P. Shilpa , Saideep Shirish Bhat , Srivathsava Surabhi , K.S. Pavithra , A. Ganesha , T. Niranjana Prabhu , R.C. Shivamurthy , S.C. Gurumurthy","doi":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2024.130116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2024.130116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Excessive heat generation is a common problem in automobiles due to wear and tear of working parts. A suitable heat transfer system is required to avoid stalling automobiles due to the large quantity of heat generated. Liquids like water and ethylene glycol (EG) serve as a coolant by reducing generated heat. To further increase the effectiveness of these coolants, nanofluids which contain nanosized particles dispersed in base fluid like water, ethylene glycol, or a mixture of these two, can be used. In the present work, hybrid nanofluids using Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> (MXene) (2D) and functionalized multi-wall carbon nanotubes (F-MWCNTs) (1D) nanocomposites are prepared. The prepared material is characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) for structural analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) for morphological and elemental analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for identifying functional groups. The suitability of the prepared nanofluids is tested for heat transfer application by measuring the thermal conductivity and viscosity. The long-term stability of the nanofluids is verified by zeta potential measurement. The addition of the dispersant to the water has shown an enhanced thermal conductivity (about 10.83% at room temperature and 96.76% at 50 °C) while having lower viscosity compared to the base fluid (water), confirming the suitability for heat transfer applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18227,"journal":{"name":"Materials Chemistry and Physics","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 130116"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2024.130113
Azeez Lawan Rominiyi , Peter Madindwa Mashinini , Moipone Linda Teffo
TiAl matrix composites reinforced with varying weight fractions of Si3N4 ceramic particles were successfully fabricated by the spark plasma sintering method. The microstructure, nanomechanical and tribological properties of the sintered composites were investigated. The microstructural characterization revealed the evolution of a quasi-continuous and continuous network structure consisting of minor fractions of in-situ formed Ti2AlN, unreacted Si3N4 ceramic particles and dominant Ti5Si3 intermetallic phases within the TiAl matrix at Si3N4 content above 1.5 wt%. The in-situ precipitated phases enhanced the nanomechanical and tribological properties of the composites. The 7Si3N4/TiAl composite displayed the best nanomechanical properties, including nanohardness, elastic modulus, and H/Er ratio among the sintered samples. The specific wear rate of the composites decreases with increasing reinforcement content. 7Si3N4/TiAl composite exhibited the lowest specific wear rate of 0.38 ± 0.55 10−4 mm3/Nm, representing a 95.6 % improvement in wear resistance compared to the unreinforced pure TiAl alloy. The improved wear performance of the composites was attributed to their load-bearing capacity and wear resistance of the hard, in-situ Ti2AlN, Ti5Si3 and unreacted Si3N4 particles in the TiAl matrix. The composites displayed a transition from adhesive wear to predominantly abrasive wear where the hard Si3N4 particles prevented direct metal-to-metal contact and facilitated the formation of a protective tribolayer, resulting in enhanced wear resistance. Hence, the developed Si3N4/TiAl composites are suitable for various structural and tribological applications.
{"title":"Enhancing microstructure, nanomechanical and tribological properties of TiAl alloy processed by spark plasma sintering with Si3N4 ceramic particulates addition","authors":"Azeez Lawan Rominiyi , Peter Madindwa Mashinini , Moipone Linda Teffo","doi":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2024.130113","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2024.130113","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>TiAl matrix composites reinforced with varying weight fractions of Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> ceramic particles were successfully fabricated by the spark plasma sintering method. The microstructure, nanomechanical and tribological properties of the sintered composites were investigated. The microstructural characterization revealed the evolution of a quasi-continuous and continuous network structure consisting of minor fractions of in-situ formed Ti<sub>2</sub>AlN, unreacted Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> ceramic particles and dominant Ti<sub>5</sub>Si<sub>3</sub> intermetallic phases within the TiAl matrix at Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> content above 1.5 wt%. The in-situ precipitated phases enhanced the nanomechanical and tribological properties of the composites. The 7Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/TiAl composite displayed the best nanomechanical properties, including nanohardness, elastic modulus, and <em>H/E</em><sub><em>r</em></sub> ratio among the sintered samples. The specific wear rate of the composites decreases with increasing reinforcement content. 7Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/TiAl composite exhibited the lowest specific wear rate of 0.38 ± 0.55 <span><math><mrow><mo>×</mo></mrow></math></span> 10<sup>−4</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>/Nm, representing a 95.6 % improvement in wear resistance compared to the unreinforced pure TiAl alloy. The improved wear performance of the composites was attributed to their load-bearing capacity and wear resistance of the hard, in-situ Ti<sub>2</sub>AlN, Ti<sub>5</sub>Si<sub>3</sub> and unreacted Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> particles in the TiAl matrix. The composites displayed a transition from adhesive wear to predominantly abrasive wear where the hard Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> particles prevented direct metal-to-metal contact and facilitated the formation of a protective tribolayer, resulting in enhanced wear resistance. Hence, the developed Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/TiAl composites are suitable for various structural and tribological applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18227,"journal":{"name":"Materials Chemistry and Physics","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 130113"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of additives, such as 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPDs), in palm oil products can impact the product's quality and safety. Therefore, it is essential to have a sensitive and accurate detection method. This study explored the hydrothermal synthesis of Nd₂O₃/graphene (Nd₂O₃/G) composites and their application as electrochemical sensors for detecting 3-MCPDs as additive compounds in palm oil products. Different techniques for characterization, such as Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), supply evidence supporting the successful assembly and positive arrangement of the Nd₂O₃/G composite. The sensor's electrochemical efficacy is assessed concerning the detection of typical additives found in palm oil (3-MCPDs). The sensor performance test is studied by voltammetric technique. The modified sensor showed good analytical performance for detection of 3-MCPDs with improving electrocatalytic activity, electron transfer, and reduced charge transfer resistance (Rct). These modifications greatly enhance the sensor's ability to accurately detect 3-MCPDs with limit of detection of 0.65 μM. This developed sensor shows a great stability and accuracy, thus it has potential to apply in quality control and daily analysis process.
{"title":"Highly sensitive electrochemical sensor based Nd2O3/graphene for monitoring additive compounds in palm oil product","authors":"Rahmat Hidayat , Ganjar Fadillah , Febi Indah Fajarwati , Aldo Diandra Nur Ramdani , Qonita Awliya Hanif , Muhaimin","doi":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2024.130121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2024.130121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of additives, such as 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPDs), in palm oil products can impact the product's quality and safety. Therefore, it is essential to have a sensitive and accurate detection method. This study explored the hydrothermal synthesis of Nd₂O₃/graphene (Nd₂O₃/G) composites and their application as electrochemical sensors for detecting 3-MCPDs as additive compounds in palm oil products. Different techniques for characterization, such as Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), supply evidence supporting the successful assembly and positive arrangement of the Nd₂O₃/G composite. The sensor's electrochemical efficacy is assessed concerning the detection of typical additives found in palm oil (3-MCPDs). The sensor performance test is studied by voltammetric technique. The modified sensor showed good analytical performance for detection of 3-MCPDs with improving electrocatalytic activity, electron transfer, and reduced charge transfer resistance (R<sub>ct</sub>). These modifications greatly enhance the sensor's ability to accurately detect 3-MCPDs with limit of detection of 0.65 μM. This developed sensor shows a great stability and accuracy, thus it has potential to apply in quality control and daily analysis process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18227,"journal":{"name":"Materials Chemistry and Physics","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 130121"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-31DOI: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2024.130100
Cláudia Lopes , Alexandra C. Alves , Armando Ferreira , Eduardo Alves , Nuno Pessoa Barradas , Ioana Borsan , Daniel Munteanu , Filipe Vaz
This study reports on the influence of nanostructure design on the corrosion behaviour of titanium nitride (TiN) thin films, prepared by DC reactive magnetron sputtering, using the Glancing Angle Deposition (GLAD) technique. The primary objective was to explore how modifying the deposition geometry affects the growth design and surface features of TiN films (keeping roughly constant the N/Ti ratio) and compare these effects with those produced by changing the chemical composition within the same thin film system (N/Ti increasing ratios). For this, two groups of samples were prepared: Group 1 – the samples were prepared in the conventional geometry (normal growth) with varied nitrogen content (stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric films) and; Group 2 – the samples were prepared with modified growth geometries (inclined and zigzag, with increasing incidence angles), keeping an almost unchanged stoichiometry. The results revealed increased surface porosity and roughness for Group 2 films compared to Group 1, demonstrating that deposition geometry can affect more significantly the surface characteristics than the composition variations. Corrosion studies indicated that the films prepared within Group 2, despite having higher porosity, showed a more stable open circuit potential (OCP) and nobler values than the reference close-stoichiometric TiN0.92 film (reference sample) from Group 1. However, potentiodynamic polarization curves suggested higher corrosion kinetics for Group 2 films, most likely due to their increased surface heterogeneities. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) confirmed these findings, showing lower corrosion resistance for films prepared with inclined and zigzag geometries, if compared to the films prepared in conventional geometry (Group 1 samples).
This study advances the current state of the art on this film's responses, by demonstrating that tailoring nanostructure design through deposition geometry offers a promising approach to optimize the corrosion behaviour of TiNx without the need to change its composition.
{"title":"The influence of the nanostructure design on the corrosion behaviour of TiN thin films prepared by glancing angle deposition","authors":"Cláudia Lopes , Alexandra C. Alves , Armando Ferreira , Eduardo Alves , Nuno Pessoa Barradas , Ioana Borsan , Daniel Munteanu , Filipe Vaz","doi":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2024.130100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2024.130100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study reports on the influence of nanostructure design on the corrosion behaviour of titanium nitride (TiN) thin films, prepared by DC reactive magnetron sputtering, using the Glancing Angle Deposition (GLAD) technique. The primary objective was to explore how modifying the deposition geometry affects the growth design and surface features of TiN films (keeping roughly constant the N/Ti ratio) and compare these effects with those produced by changing the chemical composition within the same thin film system (N/Ti increasing ratios). For this, two groups of samples were prepared: Group 1 – the samples were prepared in the conventional geometry (normal growth) with varied nitrogen content (stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric films) and; Group 2 – the samples were prepared with modified growth geometries (inclined and zigzag, with increasing incidence angles), keeping an almost unchanged stoichiometry. The results revealed increased surface porosity and roughness for Group 2 films compared to Group 1, demonstrating that deposition geometry can affect more significantly the surface characteristics than the composition variations. Corrosion studies indicated that the films prepared within Group 2, despite having higher porosity, showed a more stable open circuit potential (OCP) and nobler values than the reference close-stoichiometric TiN<sub>0.92</sub> film (reference sample) from Group 1. However, potentiodynamic polarization curves suggested higher corrosion kinetics for Group 2 films, most likely due to their increased surface heterogeneities. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) confirmed these findings, showing lower corrosion resistance for films prepared with inclined and zigzag geometries, if compared to the films prepared in conventional geometry (Group 1 samples).</div><div>This study advances the current state of the art on this film's responses, by demonstrating that tailoring nanostructure design through deposition geometry offers a promising approach to optimize the corrosion behaviour of TiN<sub>x</sub> without the need to change its composition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18227,"journal":{"name":"Materials Chemistry and Physics","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 130100"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142561162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-31DOI: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2024.130112
Ning Li , Ying Yang , Linshan Jia , Xiaotong Li , Yunkun Zhao , Xiaohong Hou
Developing fluorescent probes to detect singlet oxygen (1O2) is essential to understanding the critical role of 1O2 in immunological and pathological processes in various organs. In this study, size-controlled DPA-MOF (X) with good biocompatibility and excellent optical stability was used as a nanoprobe for real-time imaging and monitoring of 1O2 in photodynamic therapy (PDT). The experimentally synthesized DPA-MOF (X), which can be adjusted in particle size by dilution, exhibits blue fluorescence signals. The results show that smaller-sized DPA-MOF (60) has a faster response to 1O2 and higher cell uptake ability. The ratio of fluorescence intensity (F0/Fi) of DPA-MOF (60) showed a linear correlation with the concentration of 1O2 in the range of 0–7 mM, with a detection limit of 88 μM. DPA-MOF has a distinct advantage over most carrier loading sensors in that it effectively avoids the issue of fluorophore leakage from the nanomaterial matrix, thereby improving its stability. Additionally, the controlled synthesis of DPA-MOF can potentially improve probe accumulation in tumors and lower the uptake by the body system. This study presents a luminescent metal-organic framework (LMOF) sensor that utilizes a 1O2 capture unit as a measuring ligand. This sensor has been shown to have exceptional biocompatibility and can be utilized for highly specific and efficient detection of 1O2 in vivo or living cells.
{"title":"Size-controlled synthesis and sensing properties of anthracene-based metal-organic frameworks for detection of singlet oxygen in photodynamic therapy","authors":"Ning Li , Ying Yang , Linshan Jia , Xiaotong Li , Yunkun Zhao , Xiaohong Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2024.130112","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2024.130112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing fluorescent probes to detect singlet oxygen (<sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>) is essential to understanding the critical role of <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> in immunological and pathological processes in various organs. In this study, size-controlled DPA-MOF (X) with good biocompatibility and excellent optical stability was used as a nanoprobe for real-time imaging and monitoring of <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> in photodynamic therapy (PDT). The experimentally synthesized DPA-MOF (X), which can be adjusted in particle size by dilution, exhibits blue fluorescence signals. The results show that smaller-sized DPA-MOF (60) has a faster response to <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> and higher cell uptake ability. The ratio of fluorescence intensity (<em>F</em><sub><em>0</em></sub>/<em>F</em><sub><em>i</em></sub>) of DPA-MOF (60) showed a linear correlation with the concentration of <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> in the range of 0–7 mM, with a detection limit of 88 μM. DPA-MOF has a distinct advantage over most carrier loading sensors in that it effectively avoids the issue of fluorophore leakage from the nanomaterial matrix, thereby improving its stability. Additionally, the controlled synthesis of DPA-MOF can potentially improve probe accumulation in tumors and lower the uptake by the body system. This study presents a luminescent metal-organic framework (LMOF) sensor that utilizes a <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> capture unit as a measuring ligand. This sensor has been shown to have exceptional biocompatibility and can be utilized for highly specific and efficient detection of <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> in vivo or living cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18227,"journal":{"name":"Materials Chemistry and Physics","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 130112"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, a facile route is explored for the synthesis of a novel polymer composite-based hydrogel (PC-hydrogel). The ratio of 2-(Hydroxyethyl) methacrylate (HEMA) and acrylic acid (AA) is optimized first based on Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, swelling ratio (SR%) and surface negative charge (PZC). Results indicate that PC-hydrogel composed of copolymer of HEMA: AA in 1:4 ratio is optimized, for grafting on Gum ghatti (Gg) during free-radical graft copolymerization process. Among all other possible combination of HEMA: AA, 1:4 ratio grafted Gg is termed as PC-hydrogel [Poly (AA-co-HEMA)-g-Gg]. PC-hydrogel exhibited negative surface charge over a wide range of pH owing to increase in AA. The swelling (g/g) and water retention ratio (%) of the prepared hydrogel have been found to be 342.6, 385 & 412.6 g/g and 74.83, 65.30 & 57.86 % in grey, tap and distilled water respectively. Furthermore, PC-hydrogel is applied for capturing Cu2+ and Co2+ ions in aqueous phases. Experimental results showed that adsorption process was pH-dependent, and the maximum capturing of Cu2+ and Co2+ was observed at neutral pH 7. Among different adsorption isotherms models like Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin models, experimental data fitted closely with the Langmuir adsorption model showing a maximum adsorption capacity of 381.67 and 328.94 mg/g for Cu2+ and Co2+ respectively. The capturing of metal ion followed pseudo-second-order rate model [rate constant k = 1.7 x 10−4 for Cu2+ and 1.5 x 10−4 for Co2+ g/(mg.min)]. The PC-hydrogel property retained its uptake capacity of metal ions up to the three successive adsorption−desorption cycles, and exhibited higher selectivity towards Cu2+ and Co2+ and other (NaCl, MgCl2, CaCl2) coexisting ions.
本研究探索了一种新型聚合物复合水凝胶（PC-hydrogel）的简便合成路线。首先根据傅立叶变换红外光谱、溶胀率（SR%）和表面负电荷（PZC）优化了甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯（HEMA）和丙烯酸（AA）的比例。结果表明，在自由基接枝共聚过程中，由 1:4 比例的 HEMA 和 AA 共聚物组成的 PC-水凝胶最适合接枝到 Gum ghatti（Gg）上。在所有其他可能的 HEMA: AA 组合中，1:4 比例接枝的 Gg 被称为 PC-hydrogel [聚（AA-co-HEMA）-g-Gg]。由于 AA 的增加，PC-水凝胶在很宽的 pH 值范围内都呈现出负表面电荷。制备的水凝胶在灰水、自来水和蒸馏水中的溶胀度（克/克）和保水率（%）分别为 342.6、385 和 412.6 克/克以及 74.83、65.30 和 57.86%。此外，PC-水凝胶还可用于捕捉水相中的 Cu2+ 和 Co2+ 离子。实验结果表明，吸附过程与 pH 值有关，在中性 pH 值为 7 时，Cu2+ 和 Co2+ 的吸附量最大。在 Langmuir、Freundlich 和 Temkin 等不同的吸附等温线模型中，实验数据与 Langmuir 吸附模型非常吻合，Cu2+ 和 Co2+ 的最大吸附容量分别为 381.67 和 328.94 mg/g。金属离子的捕获遵循伪二阶速率模型[Cu2+ 的速率常数 k = 1.7 x 10-4 和 Co2+ 的速率常数 k = 1.5 x 10-4 g/（mg.min）]。PC 水凝胶在连续三次吸附-解吸循环中都保持了对金属离子的吸附能力，并对 Cu2+、Co2+ 和其他（NaCl、MgCl2、CaCl2）共存离子表现出较高的选择性。
{"title":"Poly (acrylic acid-co-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-grafted gum ghatti hydrogel for capturing heavy metal ions","authors":"Praveen Kumar , Poorn Prakash Pande , Prateek Khare , Ravi Shankar , Arbind Chaurasiya , Narendra Pratap Tripathi","doi":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2024.130106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2024.130106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, a facile route is explored for the synthesis of a novel polymer composite-based hydrogel (PC-hydrogel). The ratio of 2-(Hydroxyethyl) methacrylate (HEMA) and acrylic acid (AA) is optimized first based on Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, swelling ratio (SR%) and surface negative charge (PZC). Results indicate that PC-hydrogel composed of copolymer of HEMA: AA in 1:4 ratio is optimized, for grafting on Gum ghatti (Gg) during free-radical graft copolymerization process. Among all other possible combination of HEMA: AA, 1:4 ratio grafted Gg is termed as PC-hydrogel [Poly (AA-co-HEMA)-g-Gg]. PC-hydrogel exhibited negative surface charge over a wide range of pH owing to increase in AA. The swelling (g/g) and water retention ratio (%) of the prepared hydrogel have been found to be 342.6, 385 & 412.6 g/g and 74.83, 65.30 & 57.86 % in grey, tap and distilled water respectively. Furthermore, PC-hydrogel is applied for capturing Cu<sup>2+</sup> and Co<sup>2+</sup> ions in aqueous phases. Experimental results showed that adsorption process was pH-dependent, and the maximum capturing of Cu<sup>2+</sup> and Co<sup>2+</sup> was observed at neutral pH 7. Among different adsorption isotherms models like Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin models, experimental data fitted closely with the Langmuir adsorption model showing a maximum adsorption capacity of 381.67 and 328.94 mg/g for Cu<sup>2+</sup> and Co<sup>2+</sup> respectively. The capturing of metal ion followed pseudo-second-order rate model [rate constant k = 1.7 x 10<sup>−4</sup> for Cu<sup>2+</sup> and 1.5 x 10<sup>−4</sup> for Co<sup>2+</sup> g/(mg.min)]. The PC-hydrogel property retained its uptake capacity of metal ions up to the three successive adsorption−desorption cycles, and exhibited higher selectivity towards Cu<sup>2+</sup> and Co<sup>2+</sup> and other (NaCl, MgCl<sub>2</sub>, CaCl<sub>2</sub>) coexisting ions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18227,"journal":{"name":"Materials Chemistry and Physics","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 130106"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2024.130093
Kuan-Wu Lin, Chun-Chuan Wang, Yu-Chieh Chang, Yu-Chieh Li, Chun-Ta Wang
Tunable photonic crystals based on cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) have attracted considerable attention due to their tunable optical properties and self-assembly capabilities. Despite the rapid development of various CLC-based devices, the narrow bandwidth of the photonic bandgap in CLCs limits their use in some practical applications. This paper presents a method for forming polymer-stabilized and polymer-free cholesteric bilayer photonic crystals in polymer-stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals (PSCLCs). By tuning the concentration of reactive monomers and controlling the UV polymerization conditions, two different PBGs can be formed within a single PSCLC cell. As the concentration of RM257 increases to 40 % and the intensity of UV light is used at 22 mW/cm2, the distance between the two reflectance bands can reach 200 nm, reflecting green and red light. The dynamic formation process and the tunability of these cholesteric bilayer structures under electric fields and temperature variations are investigated. By controlling the temperature and electric field, the reflectance of the liquid crystal layer can be reduced from 50 % to 15 %, resulting in a single-band reflection. In addition, we have proposed a tunable polarization volume grating based on the cholesteric bi-layer photonic crystal, which can diffract two specific light colors.
{"title":"In-situ formation of polymer-stabilized/-free cholesteric bi-layer photonic crystal","authors":"Kuan-Wu Lin, Chun-Chuan Wang, Yu-Chieh Chang, Yu-Chieh Li, Chun-Ta Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2024.130093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2024.130093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tunable photonic crystals based on cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) have attracted considerable attention due to their tunable optical properties and self-assembly capabilities. Despite the rapid development of various CLC-based devices, the narrow bandwidth of the photonic bandgap in CLCs limits their use in some practical applications. This paper presents a method for forming polymer-stabilized and polymer-free cholesteric bilayer photonic crystals in polymer-stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals (PSCLCs). By tuning the concentration of reactive monomers and controlling the UV polymerization conditions, two different PBGs can be formed within a single PSCLC cell. As the concentration of RM257 increases to 40 % and the intensity of UV light is used at 22 mW/cm<sup>2</sup>, the distance between the two reflectance bands can reach 200 nm, reflecting green and red light. The dynamic formation process and the tunability of these cholesteric bilayer structures under electric fields and temperature variations are investigated. By controlling the temperature and electric field, the reflectance of the liquid crystal layer can be reduced from 50 % to 15 %, resulting in a single-band reflection. In addition, we have proposed a tunable polarization volume grating based on the cholesteric bi-layer photonic crystal, which can diffract two specific light colors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18227,"journal":{"name":"Materials Chemistry and Physics","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 130093"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2024.130099
Rafael G.C. da Silva , Maria I.C. Malta , Jedaías J. da Silva , Walter L.C. da Silva Filho , Janaína A. Cirino , Sara H. de Oliveira , Glória M. Vinhas , Magda R.S. Vieira
This work sought to developed a fluorine-free, water-repellent silane-based film on 5052 aluminum alloy by studying the incorporation of Hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS) into or over the silica gel film to protect against corrosion in a saline environment. Additionally, the interface of the silane-based film was studied using liquids such as soybean oil, diesel oil, and lubricating oil. Silica gel particles were deposited by dripping a solution of silica gel using design of experiment approach. The porosity of the silica gel film was assessed employing the potentiodynamic polarization technique. The condition of the more cohesive silica gel film was chemically modified by dripping a low concentration solution of HDTMS. The functionalized film on the aluminum alloy exhibited a contact angle of 136°, oleophilic behavior for soybean oil and lubricating oil, and superoleophilic character for diesel oil. Notably, hydrophobic film exhibited chemical (acid, alkaline, saline) and thermal stabilities (50–150 °C). The protective effect of the functionalized film against corrosion ions was confirmed by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy in a saline solution over 7 days. These results suggest a fluorine-free alternative approach for thin film development and the study of its multifunctionality, including enhanced corrosion resistance, water-diesel oil separation, and potential applications in anti-fouling.
{"title":"Study of a fluorine-free silane-based film on an aluminum alloy via drop-coating method with the purpose of providing hydrophobic and corrosion protection properties","authors":"Rafael G.C. da Silva , Maria I.C. Malta , Jedaías J. da Silva , Walter L.C. da Silva Filho , Janaína A. Cirino , Sara H. de Oliveira , Glória M. Vinhas , Magda R.S. Vieira","doi":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2024.130099","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2024.130099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work sought to developed a fluorine-free, water-repellent silane-based film on 5052 aluminum alloy by studying the incorporation of Hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS) into or over the silica gel film to protect against corrosion in a saline environment. Additionally, the interface of the silane-based film was studied using liquids such as soybean oil, diesel oil, and lubricating oil. Silica gel particles were deposited by dripping a solution of silica gel using design of experiment approach. The porosity of the silica gel film was assessed employing the potentiodynamic polarization technique. The condition of the more cohesive silica gel film was chemically modified by dripping a low concentration solution of HDTMS. The functionalized film on the aluminum alloy exhibited a contact angle of 136°, oleophilic behavior for soybean oil and lubricating oil, and superoleophilic character for diesel oil. Notably, hydrophobic film exhibited chemical (acid, alkaline, saline) and thermal stabilities (50–150 °C). The protective effect of the functionalized film against corrosion ions was confirmed by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy in a saline solution over 7 days. These results suggest a fluorine-free alternative approach for thin film development and the study of its multifunctionality, including enhanced corrosion resistance, water-diesel oil separation, and potential applications in anti-fouling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18227,"journal":{"name":"Materials Chemistry and Physics","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 130099"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2024.130104
Nur Adi Saputra , Gustan Pari , Wasrin Syafii , Deded Sarip Nawawi , Akhiruddin Maddu , Nidya Chitraningrum , Slamet Priyono
In recent years, supercapacitors have been incorporated into hypercar units, making them more attractive to researchers. The exploration and development of low-cost supercap components are investigated for mass production preparation. The current study reveals an activated carbon-based supercapacitor from a novel biomass red calliandra. The activated carbon was chemically produced at 800 for 60 min in a pilot-scale tubular electric reactor with a capacity of 3 kg. Previously, the raw was soaked by phosphate (H) and ammonium (NH) compounds for 18 h. Activated carbon was then used to assemble the supercapacitor with the respective active slurry composition: activated carbon, conductive carbon, adhesive 80:10:10 (w/w), and LiPF6 electrolyte. The products were characterised by proximate, ultimate, iodine adsorption, surface area analyser, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectrum, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and Galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD). H-activated carbon is hygroscopic and exhibits a crystalline structure, while NH-activated carbon has the highest adsorption and surface area of 757 mg/g and 627 m2/g. CV and GCD agreed to establish the H-supercap as the best prototype by exhibiting specific capacitances of 146 and 167 F/g. Comparative studies were further summarised to evaluate a novel species among the previous raws and the suitability of the preferred activated carbon characteristics for supercapacitor fabrication. The results crowned the red calliandra species at a decent rank among them and were suitable for sustainable green campaigns.
{"title":"Preparation and application of a novel supercapacitor from chemically activated red calliandra","authors":"Nur Adi Saputra , Gustan Pari , Wasrin Syafii , Deded Sarip Nawawi , Akhiruddin Maddu , Nidya Chitraningrum , Slamet Priyono","doi":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2024.130104","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2024.130104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, supercapacitors have been incorporated into hypercar units, making them more attractive to researchers. The exploration and development of low-cost supercap components are investigated for mass production preparation. The current study reveals an activated carbon-based supercapacitor from a novel biomass red calliandra. The activated carbon was chemically produced at 800 for 60 min in a pilot-scale tubular electric reactor with a capacity of 3 kg. Previously, the raw was soaked by phosphate (H) and ammonium (NH) compounds for 18 h. Activated carbon was then used to assemble the supercapacitor with the respective active slurry composition: activated carbon, conductive carbon, adhesive 80:10:10 (<em>w/w</em>), and LiPF<sub>6</sub> electrolyte. The products were characterised by proximate, ultimate, iodine adsorption, surface area analyser, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectrum, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and Galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD). H-activated carbon is hygroscopic and exhibits a crystalline structure, while NH-activated carbon has the highest adsorption and surface area of 757 mg/g and 627 m<sup>2</sup>/g. CV and GCD agreed to establish the H-supercap as the best prototype by exhibiting specific capacitances of 146 and 167 F/g. Comparative studies were further summarised to evaluate a novel species among the previous raws and the suitability of the preferred activated carbon characteristics for supercapacitor fabrication. The results crowned the red calliandra species at a decent rank among them and were suitable for sustainable green campaigns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18227,"journal":{"name":"Materials Chemistry and Physics","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 130104"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2024.130103
Keerthnasre Dhandapani , Hossein Fattahimoghaddam , In Ho Kim , Tae Kyu An , Yong Jin Jeong
Solar-driven interfacial evaporation has garnered worldwide interest in recent years due to its unique vapor generating capacity using sustainable solar energy. Many photoabsorber have been studied for conversion of photothermal energy and heat absorption. Unfortunately, the majority of the absorber materials in supply are pricey, and the installation procedures tend to be intricate. This research focuses on the ongoing difficulty of creating cost-efficient photothermal materials that have excellent light absorption and simple manufacturing processes. We created a novel composites coated with Cobalt oxide and polydimethylsiloxane (Co3O4/PDMS) which successfully produce energy and purify water utilizing an extensive spectrum of solar energy. Hydrothermally synthesized Co3O4 particles exhibit distinct optical properties in the UV–Vis region due to ligand field transitions and charge transfer between Co2⁺ and Co³⁺ ions. Additionally, these particles exhibits a strong absorption in the NIR region due to the intervalence charge transfer and d-d transitions, enhancing their photothermal activity. This culminates in outstanding light-to-heat transformation in the Co3O4/PDMS composite, which maintains a surface temperature of 42.7 °C compared to 33.7 °C for pristine PDMS under standard 1 sun intensity for 5 min. The flexible Co3O4/PDMS composite transfers solar energy to electric energy, producing ∼99 mV with 1 sun irradiation, while bare PDMS only achieved a voltage of 61 mV under 1 sun circumstances. An efficient double layer Co3O4/PDMS@MF sponge achieved an evaporation rate of 1.33 kg m−2 h−1 with the photothermal conversion efficiency of 68.8 %. These results motivate thorough investigation in photothermal potential of Co3O4, revealing the promising possibilities for harnessing solar-thermal energy and presents a novel method for using solar power to purify water and generate electricity.
{"title":"Hydrothermally synthesized cobalt oxide/polydimethylsiloxane based photothermal absorber for superior thermal energy conversion and water evaporation application","authors":"Keerthnasre Dhandapani , Hossein Fattahimoghaddam , In Ho Kim , Tae Kyu An , Yong Jin Jeong","doi":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2024.130103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2024.130103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar-driven interfacial evaporation has garnered worldwide interest in recent years due to its unique vapor generating capacity using sustainable solar energy. Many photoabsorber have been studied for conversion of photothermal energy and heat absorption. Unfortunately, the majority of the absorber materials in supply are pricey, and the installation procedures tend to be intricate. This research focuses on the ongoing difficulty of creating cost-efficient photothermal materials that have excellent light absorption and simple manufacturing processes. We created a novel composites coated with Cobalt oxide and polydimethylsiloxane (Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/PDMS) which successfully produce energy and purify water utilizing an extensive spectrum of solar energy. Hydrothermally synthesized Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> particles exhibit distinct optical properties in the UV–Vis region due to ligand field transitions and charge transfer between Co<sup>2</sup>⁺ and Co³⁺ ions. Additionally, these particles exhibits a strong absorption in the NIR region due to the intervalence charge transfer and d-d transitions, enhancing their photothermal activity. This culminates in outstanding light-to-heat transformation in the Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/PDMS composite, which maintains a surface temperature of 42.7 °C compared to 33.7 °C for pristine PDMS under standard 1 sun intensity for 5 min. The flexible Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/PDMS composite transfers solar energy to electric energy, producing ∼99 mV with 1 sun irradiation, while bare PDMS only achieved a voltage of 61 mV under 1 sun circumstances. An efficient double layer Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/PDMS@MF sponge achieved an evaporation rate of 1.33 kg m<sup>−2</sup> h<sup>−1</sup> with the photothermal conversion efficiency of 68.8 %. These results motivate thorough investigation in photothermal potential of Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4,</sub> revealing the promising possibilities for harnessing solar-thermal energy and presents a novel method for using solar power to purify water and generate electricity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18227,"journal":{"name":"Materials Chemistry and Physics","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 130103"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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