Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) serve as sacrificial templates for the synthesis of precise layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with well-controlled morphologies. In this study, a high-performance LDH of Sulfur doped (CobaltNickel-Zinc)/rGO (LDH(S-(CoNi–Zn)/rGO)) with a hydrotalcite-like structure was successfully synthesised via a solvothermal method using MOFs as precursors. This approach enabled the development of materials with enhanced surface area and tunable porosity, ideal for supercapacitor applications. Structural and morphological characterizations using FE-SEM, XRD, and FTIR confirmed the successful transformation of the MOF precursor into the LDH phase, revealing flake-like and flower-like architectures along with characteristic metal–oxygen and hydroxide functional groups. The synthesized hybrid composite demonstrated excellent electrochemical performance, reaching a high galvanostatic capacitance of 542.53 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1, highlighting its strong potential as an energy storage material. The sulfur-doped composite showed an appreciable cyclic retention of 66.67 % at a high current density of 15 A g−1.
金属有机骨架（mof）是合成具有良好形貌控制的精确层状双氢氧化物（LDHs）的牺牲模板。在本研究中，以mof为前驱体，通过溶剂热法成功合成了具有类水滑石结构的硫掺杂（钴镍镍锌）/rGO (LDH（S-(CoNi-Zn)/rGO）的高性能LDH。这种方法能够开发出具有增强表面积和可调孔隙率的材料，是超级电容器应用的理想选择。利用FE-SEM、XRD和FTIR对MOF前驱体进行了结构和形态表征，证实了MOF前驱体成功转变为LDH相，揭示了片状和花状结构以及特征的金属氧和氢氧官能团。合成的杂化复合材料表现出优异的电化学性能，在电流密度为1 ag−1时，其恒流电容达到542.53 F g−1，显示出其作为储能材料的强大潜力。在15 a g−1的高电流密度下，硫掺杂复合材料的循环保留率为66.67%。
{"title":"Sulfur-doped CoNi–Zn layered double hydroxide via metal organic framework template and reduced graphene oxide integration for enhanced energy storage","authors":"Neha Sultana , Sakshi Juyal , Archana Chauhan , Adeeba Mirza , Ankur Jain , Upasana Bhardwaj , Ankit Sharma , Fateh Singh Gill","doi":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.131938","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.131938","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) serve as sacrificial templates for the synthesis of precise layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with well-controlled morphologies. In this study, a high-performance LDH of Sulfur doped (CobaltNickel-Zinc)/rGO (LDH(S-(CoNi–Zn)/rGO)) with a hydrotalcite-like structure was successfully synthesised via a solvothermal method using MOFs as precursors. This approach enabled the development of materials with enhanced surface area and tunable porosity, ideal for supercapacitor applications. Structural and morphological characterizations using FE-SEM, XRD, and FTIR confirmed the successful transformation of the MOF precursor into the LDH phase, revealing flake-like and flower-like architectures along with characteristic metal–oxygen and hydroxide functional groups. The synthesized hybrid composite demonstrated excellent electrochemical performance, reaching a high galvanostatic capacitance of 542.53 F g<sup>−1</sup> at a current density of 1 A g<sup>−1</sup>, highlighting its strong potential as an energy storage material. The sulfur-doped composite showed an appreciable cyclic retention of 66.67 % at a high current density of 15 A g<sup>−1</sup>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18227,"journal":{"name":"Materials Chemistry and Physics","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 131938"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145787425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study explores the synthesis and multifunctional evaluation of CoCuFe2O4/ZnS@GO nanocomposites with varying GO concentrations (20 %, 30 %, and 40 %), using the ultrasonic-assisted co-precipitation method. The structural, morphological, magnetic, optical, and dielectric properties were comprehensively investigated using advanced techniques such as XRD, FT-IR, SEM-EDS, Vibrating Sample Magnetometer, UV–Vis–NIR spectroscopy and Impedance Analyzer. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of spinel ferrite with crystallite sizes in the range of 74.55–88.15 nm, strongly influenced by GO content. SEM and FT-IR studies validated the homogeneous incorporation of ZnS and GO, while EDS verified the elemental composition. Magnetic measurements revealed superparamagnetic behavior, with the maximum saturation magnetization (41.85 emu/g) achieved at 30 % GO loading. Optical studies indicated enhanced visible-light absorption, with band gaps of 1.61eV–1.69 eV. Photocatalytic evaluations revealed that the 30 % GO-loaded composite exhibited superior degradation efficiencies against MB (99.21 % at 160 min) under LED and MB (98.88 % at 80 min), RHB (98.58 % at 180 min) and the moxifloxacin antibiotic (99.99 % at 140 min) under natural sunlight. Humidity-sensing tests also showed that the same composition was very sensitive and responded quickly, which was due to better surface functions and charge transfer dynamics. These findings highlight the critical role of GO concentration in tailoring multifunctional performance and establish CoCuFe2O4/ZnS@GO nanocomposites, particularly with 30 % GO, as promising materials for environmental remediation and sensor applications.
{"title":"Effects of GO content on microstructural, optical, magnetic and dielectric properties of CoCuFe2O4/ZnS@GO nanocomposites: Photocatalysis (organic dyes & antibiotic degradation) and humidity sensing","authors":"Md. Iftekhar Rahman Sarker , Md. Lutfor Rahman , Md. Jakir Hossain , Bristy Biswas , Md. Farid Ahmed , Shirin Akter Jahan , Nahid Sharmin","doi":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.131892","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.131892","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the synthesis and multifunctional evaluation of CoCuFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/ZnS@GO nanocomposites with varying GO concentrations (20 %, 30 %, and 40 %), using the ultrasonic-assisted co-precipitation method. The structural, morphological, magnetic, optical, and dielectric properties were comprehensively investigated using advanced techniques such as XRD, FT-IR, SEM-EDS, Vibrating Sample Magnetometer, UV–Vis–NIR spectroscopy and Impedance Analyzer. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of spinel ferrite with crystallite sizes in the range of 74.55–88.15 nm, strongly influenced by GO content. SEM and FT-IR studies validated the homogeneous incorporation of ZnS and GO, while EDS verified the elemental composition. Magnetic measurements revealed superparamagnetic behavior, with the maximum saturation magnetization (41.85 emu/g) achieved at 30 % GO loading. Optical studies indicated enhanced visible-light absorption, with band gaps of 1.61eV–1.69 eV. Photocatalytic evaluations revealed that the 30 % GO-loaded composite exhibited superior degradation efficiencies against MB (99.21 % at 160 min) under LED and MB (98.88 % at 80 min), RHB (98.58 % at 180 min) and the moxifloxacin antibiotic (99.99 % at 140 min) under natural sunlight. Humidity-sensing tests also showed that the same composition was very sensitive and responded quickly, which was due to better surface functions and charge transfer dynamics. These findings highlight the critical role of GO concentration in tailoring multifunctional performance and establish CoCuFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/ZnS@GO nanocomposites, particularly with 30 % GO, as promising materials for environmental remediation and sensor applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18227,"journal":{"name":"Materials Chemistry and Physics","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 131892"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145787431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-13DOI: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.131944
H.M. Hdz-García , R. Muñoz-Arroyo , F.A. Hernández-García , M. Alvarez-Vera , M.I. Pech-Canul , J.C. Díaz-Guillen , M. Naeem , J.J. Mondragón , J.E. Hernandez-Flores , L. López-Ojeda
In this work, a two-step process to improve Hardox 450's surface behavior was used. First, the Pechini method was used to put xerogel coatings with Ni nanoparticles on (i) the unmodified substrate (SURNi) and (ii) systems with 0.002 g (SURG2) and 0.008 g (SURG8) of Ni/graphene oxide (Ni/GO). Second, the base metal (BM) and coated samples were treated with optimized micro-laser treatment parameters. High-resolution TEM showed that spherical Ni nanoparticles were forming on and between flakes made from graphene. This confirmed how nucleation and growth happen in the hybrid xerogels. In pin-on-disc tests with a 6 N load and a sliding distance of 1000 m, SURG8 showed the least volumetric wear (0.18 mm3) of all the conditions. This behavior is linked to its high storage modulus (2.7 GPa) and contact stiffness (577.59 N/m) found by nanoindentation in DMA mode, as well as the lubricating effect of the graphene-based phase found by Raman spectroscopy. EBSD analysis also showed that fine equiaxed grains with better orientation were encouraged. The combined effect of Ni nanoparticles, graphene-derived structures, and micro-laser processing strengthened the surface, leading to better tribomechanical performance.
在这项工作中，采用了两步工艺来改善Hardox 450的表面行为。首先，采用Pechini方法在(i)未修饰的衬底（SURNi）和（ii）含有0.002 g （SURG2）和0.008 g （SURG8）镍/氧化石墨烯（Ni/GO）的体系上涂上带有Ni纳米颗粒的干凝胶涂层。其次，利用优化后的微激光处理参数对基体金属和涂层样品进行处理。高分辨率透射电镜显示，球形镍纳米颗粒在石墨烯薄片上和薄片之间形成。这证实了杂化干凝胶的成核和生长过程。在6 N载荷和1000 m滑动距离的销盘测试中，在所有条件下，SURG8的体积磨损最小（0.18 mm3）。这种行为与纳米压痕在DMA模式下发现的高存储模量（2.7 GPa）和接触刚度（577.59 N/m）以及拉曼光谱发现的石墨烯基相的润滑作用有关。EBSD分析也显示出取向较好的细等轴晶粒。Ni纳米颗粒、石墨烯衍生结构和微激光处理的联合作用增强了表面，从而获得了更好的摩擦力学性能。
{"title":"Micro-laser surface treatment of Ni-graphene oxide-coated Hardox 450 steel","authors":"H.M. Hdz-García , R. Muñoz-Arroyo , F.A. Hernández-García , M. Alvarez-Vera , M.I. Pech-Canul , J.C. Díaz-Guillen , M. Naeem , J.J. Mondragón , J.E. Hernandez-Flores , L. López-Ojeda","doi":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.131944","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.131944","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, a two-step process to improve Hardox 450's surface behavior was used. First, the Pechini method was used to put xerogel coatings with Ni nanoparticles on (i) the unmodified substrate (SURNi) and (ii) systems with 0.002 g (SURG2) and 0.008 g (SURG8) of Ni/graphene oxide (Ni/GO). Second, the base metal (BM) and coated samples were treated with optimized micro-laser treatment parameters. High-resolution TEM showed that spherical Ni nanoparticles were forming on and between flakes made from graphene. This confirmed how nucleation and growth happen in the hybrid xerogels. In pin-on-disc tests with a 6 N load and a sliding distance of 1000 m, SURG8 showed the least volumetric wear (0.18 mm<sup>3</sup>) of all the conditions. This behavior is linked to its high storage modulus (2.7 GPa) and contact stiffness (577.59 N/m) found by nanoindentation in DMA mode, as well as the lubricating effect of the graphene-based phase found by Raman spectroscopy. EBSD analysis also showed that fine equiaxed grains with better orientation were encouraged. The combined effect of Ni nanoparticles, graphene-derived structures, and micro-laser processing strengthened the surface, leading to better tribomechanical performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18227,"journal":{"name":"Materials Chemistry and Physics","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 131944"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145787357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-13DOI: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.131939
Yi Cai , Zilong Cheng , Jing Zhao , Bei He , Ben Yang , Anding Shao , Pujun Jin
Bronze relics and artworks are highly susceptible to corrosion due to electrochemical and environmental factors. In this work, a two-step treatment strategy was proposed for efficient anti-corrosion protection of bronze, involving first constructing a hybrid sodium molybdate (Na2MoO4) coating on the polished bronze alloy (BS) surface, followed by sealing with Paraloid B-72 (B-72). A hybrid Na2MoO4 coating with a unique "lawn like" morphology, as confirmed by SEM, was fabricated by immersing BS in a mixed solution of glycine and Na2MoO4 (molar ratio of 1:4) at 40 °C for 3 days. The role of glycine as a crosslinking agent, forming hydrogen bonds with molybdate and coordinating with copper ions, was verified by FTIR, XRD and XPS analysis. The hybrid coating achieved a higher corrosion inhibition efficiency (η=87.7 %) than that of Na2MoO4 treatment (46.6 %), measured by potentiodynamic polarization tests in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. It also has a high surface roughness (Sdr = 15.4), measured by a LSCM, providing an ideal interface for subsequent B-72 sealing. After sealing with 15 wt% B-72/acetone, the η of the composite coating was further increased to 93.9 %, higher than that of B-72 treatment alone (81.8 %). Through 30 day immersion experiments, it showed good anti-corrosion effects against acid, alkali and salt, which is owing to its high hydrophobicity (WCA = 120°) and firm adhesion (Grade 1, determined by cross-cut test). Therefore, this work will provide valuable reference for the efficient protection of rust-free bronze relics and artworks.
{"title":"Glycine-regulated lawn-like sodium molybdate coating combined with paraloid B-72 sealing to enhance bronze anti-corrosion","authors":"Yi Cai , Zilong Cheng , Jing Zhao , Bei He , Ben Yang , Anding Shao , Pujun Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.131939","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.131939","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bronze relics and artworks are highly susceptible to corrosion due to electrochemical and environmental factors. In this work, a two-step treatment strategy was proposed for efficient anti-corrosion protection of bronze, involving first constructing a hybrid sodium molybdate (Na<sub>2</sub>MoO<sub>4</sub>) coating on the polished bronze alloy (BS) surface, followed by sealing with Paraloid B-72 (B-72). A hybrid Na<sub>2</sub>MoO<sub>4</sub> coating with a unique \"lawn like\" morphology, as confirmed by SEM, was fabricated by immersing BS in a mixed solution of glycine and Na<sub>2</sub>MoO<sub>4</sub> (molar ratio of 1:4) at 40 °C for 3 days. The role of glycine as a crosslinking agent, forming hydrogen bonds with molybdate and coordinating with copper ions, was verified by FTIR, XRD and XPS analysis. The hybrid coating achieved a higher corrosion inhibition efficiency (<em>η=</em>87.7 %) than that of Na<sub>2</sub>MoO<sub>4</sub> treatment (46.6 %), measured by potentiodynamic polarization tests in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. It also has a high surface roughness (<em>S</em><sub>dr</sub> = 15.4), measured by a LSCM, providing an ideal interface for subsequent B-72 sealing. After sealing with 15 wt% B-72/acetone, the <em>η</em> of the composite coating was further increased to 93.9 %, higher than that of B-72 treatment alone (81.8 %). Through 30 day immersion experiments, it showed good anti-corrosion effects against acid, alkali and salt, which is owing to its high hydrophobicity (WCA = 120°) and firm adhesion (Grade 1, determined by cross-cut test). Therefore, this work will provide valuable reference for the efficient protection of rust-free bronze relics and artworks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18227,"journal":{"name":"Materials Chemistry and Physics","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 131939"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145787361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-13DOI: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.131917
Ru Bai , Caili Wang , Zehan Li , Yuhang Miao , Haoyang Tao , Li Wang
Magnesium alloys have emerged as an ideal candidate for next-generation orthopedic implants owing to their outstanding biodegradability, mechanical compatibility, and biosafety. However, their clinical application faces two major challenges: the excessively rapid degradation rate of magnesium matrix in physiological environments, which often leads to premature implant failure; and the risk of implant-associated infections, while conventional antibiotic therapies are plagued by issues of drug resistance. To address these challenges, we have successfully developed a multifunctional composite coating. Experimental results demonstrate that this coating significantly reduces the corrosion current density of AZ31B magnesium alloy by two orders of magnitude, effectively extending the service life of implants. More notably, the coating innovatively achieves a dual antibacterial mechanism activated by a single near-infrared light source (980 nm): through simultaneous photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT), it exhibits an initial antibacterial rate as high as 99.89 %. After five antibacterial cycles, the antibacterial rate remains at an excellent level of 91.35 %; following 10 min of 980 nm irradiation, the antibacterial efficiency recovers to 96.68 %. This phenomenon is attributed to the photothermal effect-induced segmental motion of PCL chains, which effectively removes surface-adhered bacterial debris, thereby restoring the coating's antibacterial activity. In terms of biocompatibility, in vitro evaluation using HL-7702 human normal liver cells showed over 75 % cell viability after 24 h of co-culture, confirming the material's favorable biosafety. This study not only significantly improves the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys but also, through innovative antibacterial mechanism design, provides a systematic solution to the dual challenges of degradation control and infection prevention in medical magnesium alloy implants, demonstrating important clinical application value.
{"title":"Multifunctional antibacterial composite coatings with prolonged efficacy for magnesium alloy substrates","authors":"Ru Bai , Caili Wang , Zehan Li , Yuhang Miao , Haoyang Tao , Li Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.131917","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.131917","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><strong>Magnesium alloys have emerged as an ideal candidate for next-generation orthopedic implants owing to their outstanding biodegradability, mechanical compatibility, and biosafety.</strong> However, their clinical application faces two major challenges: the excessively rapid degradation rate of magnesium matrix in physiological environments, which often leads to premature implant failure; and the risk of implant-associated infections, while conventional antibiotic therapies are plagued by issues of drug resistance. <strong>To address these challenges, we have successfully developed a multifunctional composite coating.</strong> Experimental results demonstrate that this coating significantly reduces the corrosion current density of AZ31B magnesium alloy by two orders of magnitude, effectively extending the service life of implants. More notably, the coating innovatively achieves a dual antibacterial mechanism activated by a single near-infrared light source (980 nm): through simultaneous photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT), it exhibits an initial antibacterial rate as high as 99.89 %. After five antibacterial cycles, the antibacterial rate remains at an excellent level of 91.35 %; following 10 min of 980 nm irradiation, the antibacterial efficiency recovers to 96.68 %. This phenomenon is attributed to the photothermal effect-induced segmental motion of PCL chains, which effectively removes surface-adhered bacterial debris, thereby restoring the coating's antibacterial activity. <strong>In terms of biocompatibility, in vitro evaluation using HL-7702 human normal liver cells showed over 75 % cell viability after 24 h of co-culture, confirming the material's favorable biosafety.</strong> This study not only significantly improves the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys but also, through innovative antibacterial mechanism design, provides a systematic solution to the dual challenges of degradation control and infection prevention in medical magnesium alloy implants, demonstrating important clinical application value.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18227,"journal":{"name":"Materials Chemistry and Physics","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 131917"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145787504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-13DOI: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.131934
Changzheng Bu , Xinyue Lan , Bao Sun , Weiguang Yang , Fan Wang , Biao Hu , Shaoding Sheng , Chenglin Zhang
A comprehensive investigation of the phase equilibria and thermodynamic properties of the Ag–Sn–Ti ternary system was conducted through an integrated experimental and computational approaches. The phase equilibria at 500, 600, and 700 °C were experimentally determined using the equilibrated alloy method coupled with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) analysis. The solubilities of Ag, Sn, and Ti in binary intermetallic compounds of the Sn–Ti, Ag–Ti, and Ag–Sn systems were quantitatively determined. These experimental data were employed for thermodynamic optimization using the CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) methodology, resulting in a self-consistent set of thermodynamic parameters for the Ag–Sn–Ti system. The calculated results show good agreement with experimental observations. Furthermore, the liquidus projection and invariant reaction scheme were predicted. This study provides a fundamental thermodynamic database essential for designing and optimizing Ag–Sn–Ti lead-free solder compositions.
{"title":"Determination of the Ag–Sn–Ti phase equilibria: A combined experimental and computational thermodynamics approach","authors":"Changzheng Bu , Xinyue Lan , Bao Sun , Weiguang Yang , Fan Wang , Biao Hu , Shaoding Sheng , Chenglin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.131934","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.131934","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A comprehensive investigation of the phase equilibria and thermodynamic properties of the Ag–Sn–Ti ternary system was conducted through an integrated experimental and computational approaches. The phase equilibria at 500, 600, and 700 °C were experimentally determined using the equilibrated alloy method coupled with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) analysis. The solubilities of Ag, Sn, and Ti in binary intermetallic compounds of the Sn–Ti, Ag–Ti, and Ag–Sn systems were quantitatively determined. These experimental data were employed for thermodynamic optimization using the CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) methodology, resulting in a self-consistent set of thermodynamic parameters for the Ag–Sn–Ti system. The calculated results show good agreement with experimental observations. Furthermore, the liquidus projection and invariant reaction scheme were predicted. This study provides a fundamental thermodynamic database essential for designing and optimizing Ag–Sn–Ti lead-free solder compositions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18227,"journal":{"name":"Materials Chemistry and Physics","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 131934"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145787355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-12DOI: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.131926
A. Baray-Calderón , J. Camacho-Cáceres , A. Gómez-Cortez , Hailin Hu , M.E. Nicho
Single poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) layer based electrochromic devices (ECDs) usually show less optical contrast (ΔT%) and slow color change speeds. In this work, by introducing mesoporous titanium dioxide (m-TiO2) as substrate layers of P3HT, the two electrochromic (EC) parameters have been improved in P3HT based ECDs. To obtain m-TiO2 of different porosity, poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) has been included as a sacrificial agent in titanium precursor solutions in two different quantities. Then the solutions are deposited by spin coating on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass substrates, followed by a thermal annealing at 450 and 500 °C. After that, a P3HT solution is deposited on top of m-TiO2 by spin coating to obtain TiO2:P3HT composites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis reveals that the surface porosity of the TiO2 layers, ranging from approximately 12 %–14 %, is congruent with the amount of PVP used in the precursor solutions, with sponge-like and granular morphologies for the samples annealed at 450 and 500 °C, respectively. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves of the EC layers show higher cyclic stability for 450 °C annealed samples. The incorporation of TiO2 layers increases the maximum ΔT% values of P3HT based ECDs from 17.3 % to 25 %, and reduces the bleaching time of the same devices from 26.60 s to 23.84 s in the best composite. This improvement comes from a larger contact area between m-TiO2 substrates and P3HT, and consequently a larger interface area between P3HT and the electrolyte in the ECDs to achieve a larger ion intercalation.
{"title":"Effect of porosity and heat treatment of TiO2 on the electrochromic properties of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT)-TiO2 composites","authors":"A. Baray-Calderón , J. Camacho-Cáceres , A. Gómez-Cortez , Hailin Hu , M.E. Nicho","doi":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.131926","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.131926","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Single poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) layer based electrochromic devices (ECDs) usually show less optical contrast (ΔT%) and slow color change speeds. In this work, by introducing mesoporous titanium dioxide (m-TiO<sub>2</sub>) as substrate layers of P3HT, the two electrochromic (EC) parameters have been improved in P3HT based ECDs. To obtain m-TiO<sub>2</sub> of different porosity, poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) has been included as a sacrificial agent in titanium precursor solutions in two different quantities. Then the solutions are deposited by spin coating on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass substrates, followed by a thermal annealing at 450 and 500 °C. After that, a P3HT solution is deposited on top of m-TiO<sub>2</sub> by spin coating to obtain TiO<sub>2</sub>:P3HT composites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis reveals that the surface porosity of the TiO<sub>2</sub> layers, ranging from approximately 12 %–14 %, is congruent with the amount of PVP used in the precursor solutions, with sponge-like and granular morphologies for the samples annealed at 450 and 500 °C, respectively. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves of the EC layers show higher cyclic stability for 450 °C annealed samples. The incorporation of TiO<sub>2</sub> layers increases the maximum ΔT% values of P3HT based ECDs from 17.3 % to 25 %, and reduces the bleaching time of the same devices from 26.60 s to 23.84 s in the best composite. This improvement comes from a larger contact area between m-TiO<sub>2</sub> substrates and P3HT, and consequently a larger interface area between P3HT and the electrolyte in the ECDs to achieve a larger ion intercalation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18227,"journal":{"name":"Materials Chemistry and Physics","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 131926"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145787501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-12DOI: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.131940
Özlem Uğuz Neli
This study reports the synthesis of a novel TiO2 nanotube (NT)–cadmium oxide (CdO)–platinum (Pt) composite photoelectrode on a Ti substrate for the efficient degradation of methyl orange (MO) dye from synthetic wastewater. The electrode was fabricated by anodizing Ti to form TiO2 NTs, followed by electrodeposition of CdO and photodeposition of Pt, yielding a structured composite with enhanced charge transport and light-harvesting properties. Under solar illumination, the Ti/TiO2 NT–CdO(15)–Pt electrode achieved an 88 % MO degradation efficiency in 100 min, demonstrating strong potential for environmental remediation.
Mott–Schottky analysis confirmed n-type semiconductor behavior, with a flat-band potential (Vfb) of 0.42 eV and a charge carrier density (ND) of 3.32 × 1017 cm−3, indicating efficient charge separation. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) further showed low charge-transfer resistance. The roles of hydroxyl radicals (•OH), superoxide radicals (•O2−), and holes (h+) in the photoelectrocatalytic mechanism were examined using specific scavengers.
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to construct a (photo)electrode combining TiO2 NTs, electrodeposited CdO, and photodeposited Pt for dye degradation. The synergistic configuration offers a promising and previously unreported strategy for sustainable MO removal from synthetic wastewater.
{"title":"Enhancing methyl orange dye degradation via photoelectrocatalytic and electrocatalytic methods: A novel composite electrode approach utilizing Pt-loaded hybrid metal oxides","authors":"Özlem Uğuz Neli","doi":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.131940","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.131940","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study reports the synthesis of a novel TiO<sub>2</sub> nanotube (NT)–cadmium oxide (CdO)–platinum (Pt) composite photoelectrode on a Ti substrate for the efficient degradation of methyl orange (MO) dye from synthetic wastewater. The electrode was fabricated by anodizing Ti to form TiO<sub>2</sub> NTs, followed by electrodeposition of CdO and photodeposition of Pt, yielding a structured composite with enhanced charge transport and light-harvesting properties. Under solar illumination, the Ti/TiO<sub>2</sub> NT–CdO(15)–Pt electrode achieved an 88 % MO degradation efficiency in 100 min, demonstrating strong potential for environmental remediation.</div><div>Mott–Schottky analysis confirmed n-type semiconductor behavior, with a flat-band potential (V<sub>fb</sub>) of 0.42 eV and a charge carrier density (N<sub>D</sub>) of 3.32 × 10<sup>17</sup> cm<sup>−3</sup>, indicating efficient charge separation. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) further showed low charge-transfer resistance. The roles of hydroxyl radicals (•OH), superoxide radicals (•O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>), and holes (h<sup>+</sup>) in the photoelectrocatalytic mechanism were examined using specific scavengers.</div><div>To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to construct a (photo)electrode combining TiO<sub>2</sub> NTs, electrodeposited CdO, and photodeposited Pt for dye degradation. The synergistic configuration offers a promising and previously unreported strategy for sustainable MO removal from synthetic wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18227,"journal":{"name":"Materials Chemistry and Physics","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 131940"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145787503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-12DOI: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.131914
Venus M. Chaudhary , Swanand R. Patange , Ashwini B. Nirukhe , Damaraju Parvatalu , U. Kamachi Mudali , Ganapati D. Yadav
A high-temperature corrosion testing system was designed, developed, and standardized to evaluate the corrodibility of superalloys in molten CuCl at 530 °C under an inert atmosphere of ultra-high pure argon. The corrosion rates followed the order: H-242 (Haynes 242) (max) > BC1 (Hastelloy Hybrid BC1) > H–N (Hastelloy-N) > H–B (Hastelloy-B) > C-22 (Hastelloy C-22) > C-2000 (Hastelloy C-2000) > C-276 (Hastelloy C-276) > H-214 (Haynes H-214) (min), with C-276 exhibiting the best corrosion resistance. Surface analysis indicated cracks, pitting corrosion, and a mix of rough and smooth surfaces on the tested alloys. Cross-section examination revealed the diffusion of Ni, Cr, Fe, and Mo, with higher Cr depletion in C-22 and Al depletion and pits in H-214. Surface roughness measurements showed an increase with exposure time, with C-276 having the lowest average roughness (0.87 μm) and H–N the highest (73.47 μm). Further testing of C-276 for 1000 h revealed increasing corrosion rates of 1.42, 1.64, 2.29, and 2.36 mm/y for 250, 500, 750, and 1000 h, respectively. Analysis of the corrosive media revealed the presence of CuCl2, CuCl, and dissolved metals, including Cr, Mn, and Mo. The findings highlight the vulnerability of uncoated superalloys to corrosion and surface degradation in molten CuCl.
{"title":"High temperature corrosion evaluation and surface transformation of superalloys in molten CuCl for thermochemical green hydrogen production","authors":"Venus M. Chaudhary , Swanand R. Patange , Ashwini B. Nirukhe , Damaraju Parvatalu , U. Kamachi Mudali , Ganapati D. Yadav","doi":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.131914","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.131914","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A high-temperature corrosion testing system was designed, developed, and standardized to evaluate the corrodibility of superalloys in molten CuCl at 530 °C under an inert atmosphere of ultra-high pure argon. The corrosion rates followed the order: H-242 (Haynes 242) (max) > BC1 (Hastelloy Hybrid BC1) > H–N (Hastelloy-N) > H–B (Hastelloy-B) > C-22 (Hastelloy C-22) > C-2000 (Hastelloy C-2000) > C-276 (Hastelloy C-276) > H-214 (Haynes H-214) (min), with C-276 exhibiting the best corrosion resistance. Surface analysis indicated cracks, pitting corrosion, and a mix of rough and smooth surfaces on the tested alloys. Cross-section examination revealed the diffusion of Ni, Cr, Fe, and Mo, with higher Cr depletion in C-22 and Al depletion and pits in H-214. Surface roughness measurements showed an increase with exposure time, with C-276 having the lowest average roughness (0.87 μm) and H–N the highest (73.47 μm). Further testing of C-276 for 1000 h revealed increasing corrosion rates of 1.42, 1.64, 2.29, and 2.36 mm/y for 250, 500, 750, and 1000 h, respectively. Analysis of the corrosive media revealed the presence of CuCl<sub>2</sub>, CuCl, and dissolved metals, including Cr, Mn, and Mo. The findings highlight the vulnerability of uncoated superalloys to corrosion and surface degradation in molten CuCl.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18227,"journal":{"name":"Materials Chemistry and Physics","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 131914"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145799678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-12DOI: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.131927
Pravin P. Pawar , Rupesh S. Gedam
In this study, Gd3+-incorporated lithium alumino borate (LABG) glasses with composition 27Li2O–3Al2O3-(70-X)B2O3-XGd2O3 (X = 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 mol%) were synthesized via the conventional melt-quenching method. The application of synthesized glasses for narrow-band ultra violet light emitting diode (UVB LED) has been examined in terms of physical, morphological, thermal, and spectroscopic aspects. The FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) spectra confirm the formation of structural groups in LABG glasses with the addition of Gd2O3. The thermal stability (ΔT) of glasses was found to be increased with the addition of Gd2O3 which is well associated with the observed stable units in the FTIR spectra. Photoluminescence spectra upon an excitation of 274.5 nm reveals intense narrowband emission at 311.5 nm in UV B region with 8 nm FWHM ascribed due to the electronic transition of 6P7/2 → 8S7/2. The CIE (Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage) color coordinates indicates chromaticity in the UVB zone of the CIE chromaticity diagram. The overall study suggests that; the glass LABG-4 with colour coordinates x = 0.140 and y = 0.060 and intense emission at 311.5 nm in the ultraviolet B region and thus can be used for narrow-band UVB LED application.
{"title":"Gd3+ incorporated lithium alumino-borate glasses for narrow-band ultraviolet B light emitting diode applications","authors":"Pravin P. Pawar , Rupesh S. Gedam","doi":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.131927","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.131927","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, Gd<sup>3+</sup>-incorporated lithium alumino borate (LABG) glasses with composition 27Li<sub>2</sub>O–3Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-(70-X)B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-XGd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (X = 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 mol%) were synthesized via the conventional melt-quenching method. The application of synthesized glasses for narrow-band ultra violet light emitting diode (UVB LED) has been examined in terms of physical, morphological, thermal, and spectroscopic aspects. The FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) spectra confirm the formation of <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mtext>BO</mtext><mn>4</mn><mo>−</mo></msubsup></mrow></math></span> structural groups in LABG glasses with the addition of Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. The thermal stability (ΔT) of glasses was found to be increased with the addition of Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> which is well associated with the observed stable <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mtext>BO</mtext><mn>4</mn><mo>−</mo></msubsup></mrow></math></span> units in the FTIR spectra. Photoluminescence spectra upon an excitation of 274.5 nm reveals intense narrowband emission at 311.5 nm in UV B region with 8 nm FWHM ascribed due to the electronic transition of <sup>6</sup>P<sub>7/2</sub> → <sup>8</sup>S<sub>7/2</sub>. The CIE (Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage) color coordinates indicates chromaticity in the UVB zone of the CIE chromaticity diagram. The overall study suggests that; the glass LABG-4 with colour coordinates x = 0.140 and y = 0.060 and intense emission at 311.5 nm in the ultraviolet B region and thus can be used for narrow-band UVB LED application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18227,"journal":{"name":"Materials Chemistry and Physics","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 131927"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145787426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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