Materials Today Sustainability最新文献_第6页

Metal-oxide nanolaminate barrier coatings to enable large-scale manufacturing of sustainable flex packaging 金属氧化物纳米层压屏障涂层，使大规模生产的可持续柔性包装

IF 7.9 3区材料科学 Q1 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Materials Today Sustainability

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101289

Denys Vidish , Soumyadeep Saha , Louis-Vincent Delumeau , Tristan Grovu , Kevin P. Musselman

The world is drowning in single-use-plastic waste. Compostable and recyclable alternatives to single-use flexible packaging exist but do not provide an adequate barrier to water-vapor and oxygen. We address this by using atmospheric-pressure spatial atomic layer deposition to apply Al₂O₃-ZnO nanolaminates on compostable polylactic acid (PLA) and recyclable polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films for flexible packaging. This industrially scalable coating is performed at 50 °C, preserving film integrity while enabling nanoscale control. The nanolaminate structure is found to enhance the bending resistance, improve the coating stability, and drastically reduce the water-vapor transmission rate (WVTR) and oxygen transmission rate (OTR). An optimized 8-stack Al₂O₃-ZnO nanolaminate that is ∼96 nm thick reduces the WVTR of PLA packaging film from ∼300 g m⁻²·24hr⁻¹ to <0.5 g m⁻²·24hr⁻¹ and its OTR from ∼1000 cm³ m⁻²·24hr⁻¹ to <10 cm³ m⁻²·24hr⁻¹ (both measured at 38^oC and 90 % relative humidity), making it ideal for packaging air-sensitive goods. When the 8-stack nanolaminate is laminated between two PET films to form a simple packaging structure and is subjected to the harshest industry-standard Gelbo flex durability testing, it retains a WVTR <2 g m⁻²·24hr⁻¹. These ultrathin coatings are well-positioned to meet recyclability and compostability standards, enabling a viable path to sustainable flex packaging.

世界正在被一次性塑料垃圾淹没。存在可堆肥和可回收的一次性软包装替代品，但不能提供足够的水蒸气和氧气屏障。我们利用常压空间原子层沉积技术将Al2O3-ZnO纳米层材料应用于可堆肥聚乳酸（PLA）和可回收聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）薄膜上，用于软包装。这种工业上可扩展的涂层在50 °C下进行，在保持薄膜完整性的同时实现纳米级控制。纳米层合结构增强了涂层的抗弯性能，提高了涂层的稳定性，并显著降低了水蒸气透过率（WVTR）和氧气透过率（OTR）。一个优化8-stack Al2O3-ZnO nanolaminate∼96 nm厚减少解放军包装膜的WVTR∼300 g −2·24 hr−1 & lt; 0.5 g m−2·24 hr−1及其工程从1000年∼ 立方厘米 m−2·24小时−1 & lt; 10 立方厘米 m−2·24小时−1(以38摄氏度和90年 %相对湿度),使其适合包装气敏商品。当8层纳米层压在两个PET薄膜之间形成简单的包装结构，并进行最严格的行业标准Gelbo弯曲耐久性测试时，它保持WVTR <；2 g m−2·24小时−1。这些超薄涂层很好地满足可回收性和可堆肥性标准，使可持续软包装成为可行的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Transition metal based spinel ferrites: a review 过渡金属基尖晶石铁素体研究进展

IF 7.9 3区材料科学 Q1 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Materials Today Sustainability

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101252

Md Naimur Rahman, Md Alamgir Hossain

Ferrite materials have attracted significant attention due to their tunable structural and magnetic properties, making them highly promising for modern technological applications. Transition metals play a crucial role in spinel ferrites, serving either as dopants or as primary divalent cations, and thus strongly influence their performance. Despite extensive studies, a systematic framework that links transition-metal incorporation to magnetic applications using modern synthesis methods and combined structural and magnetic property analysis is still limited. This review highlights several modern synthesis methodologies and emphasizes the relationship between structural and magnetic properties of transition-metal spinel ferrites, drawing insights from X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). Structural parameters, such as lattice constant, crystallite size, dislocation density, unit cell volume, and hopping length, provide insight into structural stability, bond geometry, and structural ordering. Similarly, magnetic parameters, including remanent and saturation magnetization, squareness ratio, coercivity, magnetic moment, and anisotropy, reflect domain stability, magnetic domain structure, and magnetic ordering. Reduced structural stability and altered bond geometry generally favor soft magnetic states (superparamagnetic, paramagnetic, diamagnetic, antiferromagnetic), whereas enhanced stability supports hard magnetic states (ferromagnetic, ferrimagnetic). Notably, transition-metal doping improves both structural and magnetic properties, broadening the potential of spinel ferrites for next-generation technological applications.

铁氧体材料由于其可调的结构和磁性能而备受关注，在现代技术应用中具有很大的应用前景。过渡金属在尖晶石铁素体中起着至关重要的作用，既可以作为掺杂剂，也可以作为原生二价阳离子，从而强烈影响尖晶石铁素体的性能。尽管进行了广泛的研究，但使用现代合成方法和结合结构和磁性能分析将过渡金属结合与磁性应用联系起来的系统框架仍然有限。本文综述了几种现代合成方法，强调了过渡金属尖晶石铁氧体的结构和磁性能之间的关系，并从x射线衍射（XRD）和振动样品磁强计（VSM）中获得了新的见解。结构参数，如晶格常数、晶体尺寸、位错密度、单元胞体积和跳跃长度，提供了对结构稳定性、键几何形状和结构有序的洞察。同样，磁性参数，包括剩余磁化强度和饱和磁化强度、方形比、矫顽力、磁矩和各向异性，反映了磁畴稳定性、磁畴结构和磁有序性。结构稳定性降低和键的几何形状改变通常有利于软磁状态（超顺磁、顺磁、抗磁、反铁磁），而稳定性增强则有利于硬磁状态（铁磁、亚铁磁）。值得注意的是，过渡金属掺杂改善了尖晶石铁氧体的结构和磁性能，扩大了尖晶石铁氧体在下一代技术应用中的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Comprehensive insights into agro-industrial waste-derived bacterial cellulose advancing green technologies across industries 对农业工业废物衍生细菌纤维素的全面见解推动了各行各业的绿色技术

IF 7.9 3区材料科学 Q1 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Materials Today Sustainability

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101274

Kashif Rasool

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a high-performance bio-derived material with growing relevance to circular manufacturing in environmental remediation, biodegradable, compostable packaging, biomedical scaffolds, and wearable/flexible electronics. Unlike petroleum plastics and even many plant-cellulose derivatives, BC is secreted as an ultra-pure (>99 %) nanoscale fibrillar network of 20–100 nm size with high crystallinity, tensile strength on the order of 200–400 MPa, tunable porosity, and intrinsic biocompatibility. This review consolidates advances in: (i) CRISPR/base-editing and programmable promoter engineering to boost yield and embed functionality in situ; (ii) intensified and hybrid reactor concepts that overcome oxygen-transfer and shear limitations; and (iii) AI-/ML-guided fermentation control, which is already demonstrating 20–25 % cost reduction through optimized media, pH control, and aeration. A central theme is the use of agro-industrial residues like fruit peels, whey, distillery/winery effluent, bagasse as carbon sources to displace refined sugars, reduce waste management burdens, and close material loops within a circular biorefinery model. We critically evaluate BC composite systems (e.g., MXene/BC electrodes, antimicrobial wound dressings, high-barrier bioplastic films) and identify barriers to scale, including inhibitor carryover from waste feedstocks, fouling, water-vapor transmission rate, phenolic coloration, and clinical regulatory constraints. Finally, we propose a translational roadmap built on data-rich bioreactors, modular waste-to-value integration, and application-specific surface functionalization to accelerate industrial deployment of BC as a next-generation sustainable material.

细菌纤维素（BC）是一种高性能的生物衍生材料，在环境修复、可生物降解、可堆肥包装、生物医学支架和可穿戴/柔性电子产品的循环制造中具有越来越重要的意义。与石油塑料和许多植物纤维素衍生物不同，BC是一种超纯（>99 %）纳米级纤维网络，尺寸为20-100 nm，结晶度高，抗拉强度在200-400 MPa量级，孔隙率可调，具有内在的生物相容性。本文综述了以下方面的进展：(i) CRISPR/碱基编辑和可编程启动子工程，以提高产量和原位嵌入功能；克服氧传递和剪切限制的强化和混合反应器概念；（iii） AI / ml引导的发酵控制，通过优化培养基、pH控制和曝气，已经证明成本降低了20-25 %。一个中心主题是利用果皮、乳清、酿酒厂/酒厂废水、甘蔗渣等农业工业残留物作为碳源来取代精制糖，减轻废物管理负担，并在循环生物炼制模式内实现物质循环。我们批判性地评估了BC复合系统（例如，MXene/BC电极、抗菌伤口敷料、高屏障生物塑料薄膜），并确定了阻垢障碍，包括废物原料的抑制剂携带、污染、水蒸气透过率、酚类着色和临床监管限制。最后，我们提出了一个基于数据丰富的生物反应器、模块化废物到价值集成和特定应用表面功能化的转化路线图，以加速BC作为下一代可持续材料的工业部署。

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引用次数: 0

Sustainable and eco-friendly brake pads: Ensuring reliable copper-free performance with minimal steel fiber 可持续环保的刹车片：以最少的钢纤维确保可靠的无铜性能

IF 7.9 3区材料科学 Q1 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Materials Today Sustainability

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtsust.2026.101306

Fatemeh Mollaei , Ali Partovinia

Copper, despite its favorable frictional and thermal properties, poses significant environmental concerns, which necessitate the development of sustainable alternatives. In this study, the tribological performance of low-metallic copper-free brake pads reinforced with steel fibers was investigated using a Chase friction testing machine in accordance with the SAE J661 standard. Low-metallic brake pad friction composites reinforced with 10–30 wt% steel fibers were fabricated using hot molding as a manufacturing step. The composites were formed under heat and pressure and subsequently post-cured to obtain the final friction materials. The samples were evaluated for normal and hot friction coefficients and wear rate. To evaluate the mechanical integrity of the brake pad composites, shear strength testing was also performed. By eliminating copper and focusing on frictional stability at different temperatures in steel fiber-reinforced formulations, this method enables accurate and reproducible simulation of real-world braking conditions within a controlled laboratory environment. This approach offers a standardized framework for optimizing environmentally friendly friction materials for automotive applications. The results demonstrated that the formulation containing 15 wt% steel fiber exhibited the most balanced performance, showing a high hot friction coefficient (0.468) and normal friction coefficient of 0.439, indicating consistent friction behavior with low sensitivity to operating conditions, which is regarded as an acceptable coefficient of friction under normal braking conditions. Moreover, this formulation presented the lowest wear rate (4.236 %) and excellent thermal stability. These findings indicate that replacing copper with steel fiber reinforcement can maintain reliable frictional performance and durability, offering an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional copper-based brake pads.

尽管铜具有良好的摩擦和热性能，但它也带来了严重的环境问题，这就需要开发可持续的替代品。采用SAE J661标准的Chase摩擦试验机，对钢纤维增强低金属无铜刹车片的摩擦学性能进行了研究。采用热成型工艺制备了10-30 wt%钢纤维增强的低金属刹车片摩擦复合材料。复合材料在加热和压力下形成，随后进行后固化以获得最终的摩擦材料。测试了试样的法向摩擦系数和热摩擦系数以及磨损率。为了评估刹车片复合材料的力学完整性，还进行了抗剪强度试验。通过消除铜元素，并专注于钢纤维增强配方在不同温度下的摩擦稳定性，该方法可以在受控的实验室环境中精确再现真实制动条件的模拟。这种方法为优化汽车应用的环保摩擦材料提供了一个标准化的框架。结果表明，含15 wt%钢纤维的配方表现出最平衡的性能，热摩擦系数高（0.468），法向摩擦系数0.439，表明摩擦性能一致，对工况敏感性低，在正常制动工况下可以接受摩擦系数。此外，该配方具有最低的磨损率（4.236 %）和优异的热稳定性。这些研究结果表明，用钢纤维增强代替铜可以保持可靠的摩擦性能和耐久性，为传统的铜基刹车片提供了一种环保的替代品。

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引用次数: 0

Sustainable nonlinear optical properties of green Cumin extract: Cuminaldehyde as a natural bio-chromophore for green photonic applications 绿色孜然提取物的可持续非线性光学性质：孜然醛作为绿色光子应用的天然生物发色团

IF 7.9 3区材料科学 Q1 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Materials Today Sustainability

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101292

Ali Izadi-Darbandi , Ammar S. Alattar , Marzieh Nadafan , S.M. Mahdi Mortazavian , Morteza Khashehchi

This study investigates the linear and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of essential oils extracted from several ecotypes of green cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) differing in cuminaldehyde content. The plants were cultivated under two irrigation regimes: normal irrigation and terminal drought stress. Essential oils were extracted from mature seeds via hydrodistillation, followed by quantification of cuminaldehyde levels. Ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) absorption spectra were recorded to evaluate the optical behavior and band gap energies of the samples. Changes in cuminaldehyde concentration as a new bioresource influenced the degree of electron delocalization and molecular perturbation, resulting in measurable shifts in absorption spectra. The NLO properties were characterized using the Z-scan technique (open and closed aperture) with continuous-wave laser excitation at 532 nm. Nonlinear refractive indices (NLR-n₂) and nonlinear absorption (NLA) coefficients (β) were determined, revealing significant third-order nonlinearities in the essential oils. The NLA of samples was evaluated relating to the reverse saturation absorption (RSA) mechanism. All samples exhibited a positive NLR index referring to the self-focusing effect. The order of the NLR index value, depending on the different concentration of cuminaldehyde is about 10⁻⁸ (cm²/W) and the NLA coefficients of specimens are in the order of 10⁻³ (cm/W). Cuminaldehyde's enhanced NLO response arises from a synergy of structural features: aromatic π-conjugation, resonance stabilization, a strong donor–acceptor system, and the potential for intermolecular π–π interactions. These findings demonstrate the potential of green cumin essential oil as a natural, low-cost nonlinear optical material, with possible applications in photonic devices and sustainable optical technologies.

本文研究了不同生态型绿孜然（Cuminum cyminum L.）中不同孜然醛含量的精油的线性和非线性光学特性。在正常灌溉和末期干旱胁迫两种灌溉制度下栽培植株。通过加氢蒸馏法从成熟种子中提取精油，然后定量测定孜然醛的含量。记录了样品的紫外-可见（UV-Vis）吸收光谱，以评估样品的光学行为和带隙能。作为一种新的生物资源，孜然醛浓度的变化会影响电子离域和分子摄动的程度，导致吸收光谱的可测量位移。在532 nm的连续波激光激发下，采用z扫描技术（开孔和闭孔）对NLO性能进行了表征。非线性折射率（NLR-n2）和非线性吸收系数(NLA系数（β）的测定表明，精油具有明显的三阶非线性。利用反向饱和吸收（RSA）机理对样品的NLA进行了评价。所有样品的自聚焦效应NLR指数均为正。不同浓度孜然醛的NLR指数值约为10−8 (cm2/W)，不同浓度孜然醛的NLA系数约为10−3 （cm/W）。Cuminaldehyde的增强NLO响应是由于结构特征的协同作用：芳香π共轭，共振稳定，强大的供体-受体系统，以及潜在的分子间π -π相互作用。这些发现证明了绿色孜然精油作为一种天然的、低成本的非线性光学材料的潜力，在光子器件和可持续光学技术中有可能应用。

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引用次数: 0

Sustainable dielectric materials for energy storage: Processing, properties, and performance evaluation 可持续电介质储能材料：加工、性能和性能评价

IF 7.9 3区材料科学 Q1 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Materials Today Sustainability

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101281

Kiran Keshyagol , Shivashankarayya Hiremath , H.M. Vishwanatha , Pavan Hiremath

The growing demand for sustainable electrical and electronic technologies has accelerated the search for environmentally benign dielectric materials with high-performance characteristics suited for applications such as electromagnetic shielding, energy storage, and electroactive devices. In this work, a Naturally Extracted Dielectric (NED) material derived from cuttlefish bone was processed via lyophilization and thermal calcination at various temperatures to enhance structural consistency. Structural evolution from aragonite-based calcium carbonate to calcium oxide (CaO) was confirmed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Dielectric behavior and ion transport mechanisms were assessed using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). Among all samples, the material calcined at 750 °C (NED-750) demonstrated the best performance, exhibiting strong Maxwell–Wagner interfacial polarization, high permittivity at low-frequency, and a peak DC conductivity of 5.4 × 10⁻³ S/m. A reduction of 8.2 % in material density with increasing calcination temperature further indicated enhanced porosity and polarization sites. The correlation of structural data with dielectric response establishes a comprehensive framework for evaluating bio-derived ceramics. These results highlight NED as a promising candidate for next-generation, sustainable dielectric energy storage system and electronic device.

对可持续电气和电子技术不断增长的需求加速了对环境友好的介电材料的寻找，这些材料具有适合电磁屏蔽、能量存储和电活性器件等应用的高性能特性。在这项工作中，从墨鱼骨头中提取一种自然提取的介电材料（NED），通过在不同温度下的冻干和热煅烧来处理，以提高结构的一致性。通过x射线衍射（XRD）和傅里叶红外光谱（FTIR）证实了文石基碳酸钙向氧化钙（CaO）的结构演变。利用电化学阻抗谱（EIS）分析了介电行为和离子输运机制。在所有样品中，750 °C煅烧的材料（NED-750）表现出最好的性能，表现出强的麦克斯韦-瓦格纳界面极化，低频高介电常数，峰值直流电导率为5.4 × 10−3 S/m。随着煅烧温度的升高，材料密度降低了8.2 %，进一步表明孔隙率和极化位点的增强。结构数据与介电响应的相关性为评价生物衍生陶瓷建立了一个全面的框架。这些结果突出了NED作为下一代可持续电介质储能系统和电子器件的有前途的候选者。

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引用次数: 0

Self-reinforced bio-based polyesters: recent progress and prospects 自增强生物基聚酯：最新进展与展望

IF 7.9 3区材料科学 Q1 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Materials Today Sustainability

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101290

Pejman Heidarian , Shazed Aziz , Peter Halley , Tony McNally , Ton Peijs , Luigi-Jules Vandi , Russell J. Varley

The environmental impact of traditional petroleum-based plastics has driven the search for sustainable alternatives, with bio-based polyesters emerging as a promising solution. However, these polymers often suffer from insufficient mechanical properties, which limits their applications. To address this, self-reinforcement has been explored as an innovative approach to enhance the performance of bio-based polyesters. This review provides an overview of the recent advancements in self-reinforced bio-based polyesters, focusing on polymers such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS). Different self-reinforcement techniques, such as electrospinning, melt spinning, and hot compaction are explored for their effectiveness in enhancing tensile strength, modulus, and overall durability. The review also discusses the integration of these materials into applications ranging from packaging to biomedical devices, where biodegradability and mechanical performance are critical. Furthermore, the paper explores the prospects of self-reinforced bio-based polyesters, emphasizing the need for continued innovation in material design and processing techniques to overcome current limitations.

传统石油基塑料对环境的影响促使人们寻找可持续的替代品，生物基聚酯成为一种有前途的解决方案。然而，这些聚合物的机械性能往往不足，这限制了它们的应用。为了解决这个问题，自我强化已经被探索作为一种创新的方法来提高生物基聚酯的性能。本文综述了近年来自增强生物基聚酯的研究进展，重点介绍了聚乳酸（PLA）、聚羟基烷酸酯（pha）和聚丁二酸酯（PBS）等聚合物的研究进展。不同的自增强技术，如静电纺丝，熔体纺丝和热压实，探索其在提高抗拉强度，模量和整体耐久性方面的有效性。这篇综述还讨论了将这些材料整合到从包装到生物医学设备的应用中，其中生物降解性和机械性能是至关重要的。此外，本文探讨了自增强生物基聚酯的前景，强调需要在材料设计和加工技术方面不断创新，以克服当前的局限性。

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引用次数: 0

Monitoring pilot-scale lignin depolymerization via nanoparticle size in water: A sustainable qualitative method 监测中试规模木质素解聚通过纳米颗粒大小在水中：一个可持续的定性方法

IF 7.9 3区材料科学 Q1 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Materials Today Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101245

Marc Comí, Ekiñe Apellaniz, Paul Jusner, Balaji Sridharan, Kelly Servaes, Richard Vendamme

Lignin is the most abundant aromatic bioresource, but the complexity of its biopolymer structure hinders its use in many applications. Large-scale continuous systems for lignin upgrading via solvolysis or catalytic depolymerization are currently being developed to produce more defined and application-specific lignin oligomers. A key factor in the scale-up of the conversion process is monitoring the molecular weight of lignin fractions throughout the operation. However, traditional analytical methods such as gel permeation chromatography (GPC) are slow, while a fast response is essential to prevent significant product losses. In this study, we developed a simple, rapid, and qualitative method to assess the molecular weight range of the lignin-derived products during continuous depolymerization runs. This approach is based on establishing strong correlations between lignin molecular structure and nanoparticle size in aqueous dispersion. By optimizing lignin nanoparticle (LNP) fabrication for specific lignin fractions within a defined molecular weight range, we tested a series of lignin samples. The results obtained from GPC and LNP size analysis were compared to validate the accuracy of our method. Finally, the LNP-based qualitative method was applied to a pilot-scale depolymerization run to track potential deviations in molecular weight in the final product. Our findings demonstrate that LNP size can serve as a simple, reliable, and rapid technique for evaluating the molecular weight of depolymerized lignin. This method offers valuable potential for future industrial processes involving this abundant renewable resource.

木质素是最丰富的芳香生物资源，但其生物聚合物结构的复杂性阻碍了它的广泛应用。目前正在开发通过溶剂分解或催化解聚进行木质素升级的大规模连续系统，以生产更明确和特定应用的木质素低聚物。放大转化过程的一个关键因素是在整个操作过程中监测木质素组分的分子量。然而，传统的分析方法，如凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）是缓慢的，而快速响应是必不可少的，以防止重大的产品损失。在这项研究中，我们开发了一种简单、快速、定性的方法来评估连续解聚过程中木质素衍生产品的分子量范围。这种方法是基于建立木质素分子结构和纳米颗粒大小在水分散之间的强相关性。通过优化木质素纳米颗粒（LNP）在特定分子量范围内的特定木质素组分的制造，我们测试了一系列木质素样品。比较了GPC和LNP粒度分析的结果，验证了方法的准确性。最后，将基于lnp的定性方法应用于中试解聚运行，以跟踪最终产品中分子量的潜在偏差。我们的研究结果表明LNP大小可以作为一种简单、可靠和快速的评估解聚木质素分子量的技术。这种方法为涉及这种丰富的可再生资源的未来工业过程提供了宝贵的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Advances in polyurethane biodegradation integrating chemistry, microbial mechanism, and computational approaches 聚氨酯生物降解综合化学、微生物机制和计算方法的研究进展

IF 7.9 3区材料科学 Q1 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Materials Today Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101267

Pragya Sahu , Juhi Saini , Ritu Raval , Chuxia Lin , Subbalaxmi Selvaraj

A condensation reaction between an isocyanate and polyols produces a synthetic polymer, polyurethane (PU). Owing to its complex chemical framework, PU is highly recalcitrant. This plastic type consists of hard and soft segments in its structure, which critically influence its mechanical properties and functional versatility. Its inherent structural complexity and resistance to degradation have created significant challenges in its end-of-life management, contributing to persistent plastic pollution. In recent years, microbial-mediated enzymatic degradation has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional waste treatment and disposal strategies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of PU biodegradation, outlining the polymer's chemistry, the role of microbial communities and their associated enzymes, and emerging insights from metabolic pathway analysis to molecular-based metagenomic studies. Standardized testing methods and analytical techniques are evaluated along with physicochemical and environmental factors that influence degradation. Recent innovations like the development of engineered microbial consortia, enzyme optimization strategies, pre-treatment methods, and bio-based formulations collectively advance PU biodegradation and support sustainable material valorisation. In silico approaches, such as machine learning and computational studies, are highlighted for their potential to predict degradation efficiency and guide experimental design. By integrating insights from polymer science, microbial ecology, and computational biology, this review identifies critical challenges and outlines future directions towards developing scalable, eco-efficient solutions for PU waste management and circular material recovery.

异氰酸酯和多元醇之间的缩合反应产生合成聚合物聚氨酯（PU）。由于其复杂的化学结构，聚氨酯具有很强的顽固性。这种塑料类型由其结构中的硬段和软段组成，这严重影响其机械性能和功能的多功能性。其固有的结构复杂性和抗降解性给其报废管理带来了重大挑战，导致了持续的塑料污染。近年来，微生物介导的酶降解已成为传统废物处理和处置策略的一个有希望的替代方案。这篇综述提供了PU生物降解的全面概述，概述了聚合物的化学，微生物群落及其相关酶的作用，以及从代谢途径分析到基于分子的宏基因组研究的新见解。标准化的测试方法和分析技术与影响降解的物理化学和环境因素一起进行评估。最近的创新，如工程微生物联盟、酶优化策略、预处理方法和生物基配方的发展，共同推进了PU的生物降解，并支持可持续的材料增值。计算机方法，如机器学习和计算研究，因其预测降解效率和指导实验设计的潜力而受到重视。通过整合聚合物科学、微生物生态学和计算生物学的见解，本综述确定了关键挑战，并概述了开发可扩展的、生态高效的PU废物管理和循环材料回收解决方案的未来方向。

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引用次数: 0

Amorphous electrocatalysts for oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions: Advances in hydrogen production 氧和氢析出反应的非晶电催化剂：制氢的进展

IF 7.9 3区材料科学 Q1 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Materials Today Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101223

Selvam Mathi , Hanan Akhdar , Ranjan S. Shetti , Tarfah Alinad , Abdullah N. Alodhayb , Kunal Mondal , Nagaraj P. Shetti

The electrochemical splitting of water into oxygen and hydrogen is fundamental for renewable energy storage and conversion. The development of cost-effective and highly efficient electrocatalysts remains essential for industrial-scale implementation of this technology. Recent advances have highlighted the superior activity, stability and structural adaptability of amorphous electrocatalysts compared to their crystalline counterparts. This review critically examines synthesis strategies, characterisation techniques, and the electrochemical performance of amorphous materials for both oxygen evolution (OER) and hydrogen evolution (HER) reactions. Key factors influencing catalytic efficiency, including electronic structure and surface chemistry, are discussed in detail and contextualised with established literature. The review also highlights the critical role of enthalpic contributions in governing reaction energetics and catalyst performance, which aids in understanding and optimising electrocatalytic efficiency. Notably, ongoing research continues to reveal that amorphous catalysts consistently deliver improved performance in water-splitting applications, highlighting their growing relevance in electrocatalysis. The rationale for employing amorphous catalysts in water splitting is articulated, emphasising their unique advantages. By integrating recent findings and outlining future research directions, this review underscores the pivotal role of amorphous materials in advancing sustainable hydrogen production and identifies promising avenues for catalyst innovation.

水的电化学分解为氧和氢是可再生能源储存和转换的基础。开发具有成本效益和高效的电催化剂对于该技术的工业规模实施仍然至关重要。近年来，非晶电催化剂的活性、稳定性和结构适应性都优于晶体电催化剂。本文综述了非晶材料在析氧（OER）和析氢（HER）反应中的合成策略、表征技术和电化学性能。影响催化效率的关键因素，包括电子结构和表面化学，被详细讨论，并与已建立的文献背景。综述还强调了焓在控制反应能量学和催化剂性能方面的关键作用，这有助于理解和优化电催化效率。值得注意的是，正在进行的研究继续表明，非晶催化剂在水分解应用中不断提高性能，突出了它们在电催化方面日益增长的相关性。采用无定形催化剂在水分裂的基本原理是明确的，强调其独特的优势。通过整合最近的研究成果和概述未来的研究方向，本综述强调了非晶材料在推进可持续制氢方面的关键作用，并确定了催化剂创新的有希望的途径。

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