Materials Today Sustainability最新文献_第7页

Green synthesis of relevant and sustainable bio-applications of few-layer graphene: A multi-faceted review and future perspectives 绿色合成相关和可持续的生物应用的少层石墨烯：一个多方面的回顾和未来展望

IF 7.9 3区材料科学 Q1 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Materials Today Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101259

Rehan M. El-Shabasy , Ahmed Zayed , Mohamed A. Farag , Kamel R. Shoueir

Graphene and graphene-based nanomaterials have gained remarkable attention owing to their outstanding physicochemical characteristics and versatile functional properties. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview that integrates graphene production, comparing chemical versus green synthesis routes from waste materials, with a discussion of their potential health-related applications. Top-down and bottom-up synthetic approaches, along with several industrial routes, are discussed. The bottom-up method remains the most efficient for high-quality graphene production; however, scale-up limitations, batch-to-batch variability, and cost-effective industrial scalability continue to represent major research challenges. Sustainability metrics (E-factor, energy consumption, and solvent footprint) are essential for a complete evaluation of few-layer graphene (FLG) synthesis routes. Increasing global focus has shifted toward sustainable, eco-friendly production routes. In this context, the upcycling of plastic waste into value-added products such as graphene represents a promising and environmentally sound strategy for large-scale production. FLG and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have demonstrated considerable potential in biomedical applications including drug delivery, tissue engineering, biosensing, bioimaging, antiviral, and anticancer therapy. However, these applications are largely preclinical, and translation to clinical practice remains limited by variability in material quality, incomplete long-term toxicity and immunogenicity data, and challenges in achieving scalable, GMP-compliant production. The global graphene market is also reviewed, revealing that most commercially available graphene-based materials are applied in energy storage, electronics, and sports composites, whereas biomedical applications remain underrepresented. Addressing these translational barriers through standardized synthesis, thorough safety evaluation, and regulatory harmonization will be essential to fully realize the biomedical potential of graphene, and future research should focus on scalable green production, detailed in vivo safety studies, and clinical translation of graphene-based therapeutics.

石墨烯和石墨烯基纳米材料因其优异的物理化学特性和多功能的功能特性而备受关注。本综述旨在全面概述石墨烯的生产，比较从废物中化学合成和绿色合成的路线，并讨论其潜在的健康相关应用。讨论了自顶向下和自底向上的综合方法，以及几种工业路线。自下而上的方法仍然是生产高质量石墨烯的最有效方法；然而，规模限制、批对批的可变性和经济高效的工业可扩展性仍然是主要的研究挑战。可持续性指标（e因子、能源消耗和溶剂足迹）对于完整评估少层石墨烯（FLG）合成路线至关重要。越来越多的全球焦点转向可持续、环保的生产路线。在这种情况下，将塑料废物升级为石墨烯等增值产品代表了一种有前景且环保的大规模生产战略。FLG和石墨烯量子点（GQDs）在生物医学应用方面显示出相当大的潜力，包括药物输送、组织工程、生物传感、生物成像、抗病毒和抗癌治疗。然而，这些应用在很大程度上是临床前的，并且转化为临床实践仍然受到材料质量变化，不完整的长期毒性和免疫原性数据以及实现可扩展，符合gmp生产的挑战的限制。全球石墨烯市场也进行了回顾，揭示了大多数商业上可用的石墨烯基材料应用于储能，电子和运动复合材料，而生物医学应用仍然代表性不足。通过标准化合成、全面的安全性评估和监管协调来解决这些转化障碍对于充分实现石墨烯的生物医学潜力至关重要，未来的研究应侧重于可扩展的绿色生产、详细的体内安全性研究和基于石墨烯的治疗方法的临床转化。

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引用次数: 0

Transition metal based spinel ferrites: a review 过渡金属基尖晶石铁素体研究进展

IF 7.9 3区材料科学 Q1 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Materials Today Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101252

Md Naimur Rahman, Md Alamgir Hossain

Ferrite materials have attracted significant attention due to their tunable structural and magnetic properties, making them highly promising for modern technological applications. Transition metals play a crucial role in spinel ferrites, serving either as dopants or as primary divalent cations, and thus strongly influence their performance. Despite extensive studies, a systematic framework that links transition-metal incorporation to magnetic applications using modern synthesis methods and combined structural and magnetic property analysis is still limited. This review highlights several modern synthesis methodologies and emphasizes the relationship between structural and magnetic properties of transition-metal spinel ferrites, drawing insights from X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). Structural parameters, such as lattice constant, crystallite size, dislocation density, unit cell volume, and hopping length, provide insight into structural stability, bond geometry, and structural ordering. Similarly, magnetic parameters, including remanent and saturation magnetization, squareness ratio, coercivity, magnetic moment, and anisotropy, reflect domain stability, magnetic domain structure, and magnetic ordering. Reduced structural stability and altered bond geometry generally favor soft magnetic states (superparamagnetic, paramagnetic, diamagnetic, antiferromagnetic), whereas enhanced stability supports hard magnetic states (ferromagnetic, ferrimagnetic). Notably, transition-metal doping improves both structural and magnetic properties, broadening the potential of spinel ferrites for next-generation technological applications.

铁氧体材料由于其可调的结构和磁性能而备受关注，在现代技术应用中具有很大的应用前景。过渡金属在尖晶石铁素体中起着至关重要的作用，既可以作为掺杂剂，也可以作为原生二价阳离子，从而强烈影响尖晶石铁素体的性能。尽管进行了广泛的研究，但使用现代合成方法和结合结构和磁性能分析将过渡金属结合与磁性应用联系起来的系统框架仍然有限。本文综述了几种现代合成方法，强调了过渡金属尖晶石铁氧体的结构和磁性能之间的关系，并从x射线衍射（XRD）和振动样品磁强计（VSM）中获得了新的见解。结构参数，如晶格常数、晶体尺寸、位错密度、单元胞体积和跳跃长度，提供了对结构稳定性、键几何形状和结构有序的洞察。同样，磁性参数，包括剩余磁化强度和饱和磁化强度、方形比、矫顽力、磁矩和各向异性，反映了磁畴稳定性、磁畴结构和磁有序性。结构稳定性降低和键的几何形状改变通常有利于软磁状态（超顺磁、顺磁、抗磁、反铁磁），而稳定性增强则有利于硬磁状态（铁磁、亚铁磁）。值得注意的是，过渡金属掺杂改善了尖晶石铁氧体的结构和磁性能，扩大了尖晶石铁氧体在下一代技术应用中的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Improving NiSe2 HER performance by controlling crystallinity and stabilizing embedded selenium 通过控制结晶度和稳定嵌入硒来改善NiSe2 HER性能

IF 7.9 3区材料科学 Q1 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Materials Today Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101248

Manuel A. Ramirez-Ubillus , Yuen Yee Li Sip , Zakariya Mohayman , Akihiro Kushima , Yang Yang , Lei Zhai

Nickel diselenide (NiSe₂), a promising catalyst for hydrogen evolution reactions (HERs), can be synthesized through a simple chemical reduction method. However, low-temperature synthesis produces secondary crystalline phases, such as Ni_1.7Se₂, which diminish catalytic efficiency. This study introduces a post-reduction method to create a stable NiSe₂/Se heterostructure and examines how crystal structure and selenium content affect electrocatalytic properties. The synthesized products were washed with chloroform and thermally annealed, resulting in NiSe₂/Se heterostructure crystals. The catalytic performance was assessed at 10 mA/cm², achieving an overpotential of 202 mV and a Tafel slope of 25.3 mV/dec. The enhanced performance is linked to the high-order crystal of NiSe₂ and the presence of selenium, as confirmed by XRD, SAED-TEM, and Raman spectroscopy. The selenium improves carrier densities and charge transfer efficiency. Furthermore, NiSe₂/Se with lower selenium content retained their initial performance over 21 h which highlights their stability under HER conditions.

二硒化镍（nis2）是一种很有前途的析氢反应催化剂，可以通过简单的化学还原法合成。然而，低温合成会产生Ni1.7Se2等二次晶相，降低了催化效率。本研究引入了一种后还原方法来创建稳定的nis2 /Se异质结构，并研究了晶体结构和硒含量对电催化性能的影响。合成产物经氯仿洗涤和热退火，得到了nis2 /Se异质结构晶体。催化性能在10 mA/cm2下评估，过电位为202 mV，塔菲尔斜率为25.3 mV/dec。通过XRD、SAED-TEM和拉曼光谱分析证实，这种增强的性能与nis2的高阶晶体和硒的存在有关。硒提高了载流子密度和电荷转移效率。此外，低硒含量的NiSe2/Se在21 h以上仍保持其初始性能，这表明其在HER条件下的稳定性。

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引用次数: 0

Overcoming the SnO2 bottleneck in perovskite solar cells: Strategies for enhancing efficiency and stability 克服钙钛矿太阳能电池SnO2瓶颈：提高效率和稳定性的策略

IF 7.9 3区材料科学 Q1 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Materials Today Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101253

Qamar Wali , It Ee Lee , Teong Chee Chuah , Rajan Jose

Charge transport layers, which selectively transport electrons and holes, are critical to the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Tin oxide (SnO₂) possesses distinctive advantages over the frequently used titanium dioxide (TiO₂) as an electron transport layer (ETL), supporting superior photovoltaic conversion efficiency and operational stability in PSCs. Nevertheless, state-of-the-art PSCs incorporating TiO₂ ETLs still demonstrate marginally superior practical performance, highlighting the need to address the limitations of SnO₂ to unlock its full potential. In this review, we examine PSCs employing SnO₂ ETLs with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) exceeding 24 %, identifying their common characteristics and limitations. We critically analyze various strategies adopted in high-efficiency PSCs, including buried interfaces, self-assembled molecules, organic ligands, molecular bridging, and solvent engineering, and highlight the major challenges associated with SnO₂ ETLs from the perspective of scalability and commercialization.

电荷传输层选择性地传输电子和空穴，对钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSCs）的性能和稳定性至关重要。与常用的二氧化钛（TiO2）相比，氧化锡（SnO2）作为电子传输层（ETL）具有明显的优势，支持psc中优越的光伏转换效率和运行稳定性。然而，最先进的包含TiO2 etl的psc仍然表现出略微优越的实际性能，突出了解决SnO2的局限性以释放其全部潜力的必要性。在这篇综述中，我们研究了使用功率转换效率（pce）超过24% %的SnO2 etl的psc，确定了它们的共同特征和局限性。我们批判性地分析了高效PSCs采用的各种策略，包括埋藏界面、自组装分子、有机配体、分子桥接和溶剂工程，并从可扩展性和商业化的角度强调了SnO2 etl相关的主要挑战。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced stability and performance of LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 cathodes via vanadium-doped polyoxometalate coating 通过掺钒多金属氧酸盐涂层提高了LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2阴极的稳定性和性能

IF 7.9 3区材料科学 Q1 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Materials Today Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101249

Nafiseh Bolghanabadi , Arcangelo Celeste , Sergio Brutti , Sayed Khatiboleslam Sadrnezhaad , Abdolreza Simchi

Nickel-rich layered cathodes, such as LiNi_0.8Mn_0.1Co_0.1O₂ (NMC811), offer high specific capacity and energy density but suffer from surface instability, cation mixing, and side reactions at the electrode-electrolyte interface. These issues lead to structural degradation, capacity fading, and reduced cyclic stability in lithium-ion batteries. In this study, we propose a strategy to engineer the interface of NMC811 cathodes with an ultrathin 3D-network vanadium-doped polyoxometalate (PMV) shell, synthesized via a facile wet chemical method, to enhance their electrochemical performance and cyclic stability. Structural characterizations reveal that the uniform PMV coating (thickness around 30–50 nm) preserve the crystal structure of NMC811 while enhancing the stability of the electrode-electrolyte interface and improving lithium-ion diffusion. Electrochemical studies determine that the PMV-coated cathodes achieve a superior initial discharge capacity of 217 mAh g⁻¹, compared to 175 mAh g⁻¹ for the uncoated NMC811 (at 0.1C). The rate capability of the PMV-coated cathode is also enhanced to gain a specific capacity of 87.4 mAh g⁻¹ at 5C, which significantly outperform the uncoated cathode. Detailed investigations indicate that the coating minimizes particle cracking and voltage fading, thus contributing to improved long-term performance and cyclic stability. Applying this ultrathin, ion-conductive PMV coating highlights a viable path for optimizing nickel-rich cathodes.

富镍层状阴极，如LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811)，具有较高的比容量和能量密度，但存在表面不稳定、阳离子混合和电极-电解质界面副反应等问题。这些问题导致锂离子电池的结构退化、容量衰减和循环稳定性降低。在这项研究中，我们提出了一种通过易湿化学方法合成的超薄3d网络掺钒多金属氧酸盐（PMV）外壳来设计NMC811阴极界面的策略，以提高其电化学性能和循环稳定性。结构表征表明，均匀的PMV涂层（厚度约为30-50 nm）在保持NMC811晶体结构的同时，增强了电极-电解质界面的稳定性，改善了锂离子的扩散。电化学研究表明，pmv涂层阴极的初始放电容量为217 mAh g - 1，而未涂层的NMC811 （0.1C）的初始放电容量为175 mAh g - 1。pmv涂层阴极的倍率能力也得到了增强，在5C时获得了87.4 mAh g−1的比容量，显著优于未涂层阴极。详细的研究表明，涂层最大限度地减少了颗粒裂纹和电压褪色，从而有助于提高长期性能和循环稳定性。应用这种超薄、离子导电的PMV涂层突出了优化富镍阴极的可行途径。

{"title":"Enhanced stability and performance of LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 cathodes via vanadium-doped polyoxometalate coating","authors":"Nafiseh Bolghanabadi , Arcangelo Celeste , Sergio Brutti , Sayed Khatiboleslam Sadrnezhaad , Abdolreza Simchi","doi":"10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nickel-rich layered cathodes, such as LiNi<sub>0.8</sub>Mn<sub>0.1</sub>Co<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (NMC811), offer high specific capacity and energy density but suffer from surface instability, cation mixing, and side reactions at the electrode-electrolyte interface. These issues lead to structural degradation, capacity fading, and reduced cyclic stability in lithium-ion batteries. In this study, we propose a strategy to engineer the interface of NMC811 cathodes with an ultrathin 3D-network vanadium-doped polyoxometalate (PMV) shell, synthesized via a facile wet chemical method, to enhance their electrochemical performance and cyclic stability. Structural characterizations reveal that the uniform PMV coating (thickness around 30–50 nm) preserve the crystal structure of NMC811 while enhancing the stability of the electrode-electrolyte interface and improving lithium-ion diffusion. Electrochemical studies determine that the PMV-coated cathodes achieve a superior initial discharge capacity of 217 mAh g<sup>−1</sup>, compared to 175 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> for the uncoated NMC811 (at 0.1C). The rate capability of the PMV-coated cathode is also enhanced to gain a specific capacity of 87.4 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 5C, which significantly outperform the uncoated cathode. Detailed investigations indicate that the coating minimizes particle cracking and voltage fading, thus contributing to improved long-term performance and cyclic stability. Applying this ultrathin, ion-conductive PMV coating highlights a viable path for optimizing nickel-rich cathodes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18322,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Sustainability","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 101249"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145525532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advances in nanocatalysts for biofuel production: Mechanisms, performance, and future perspectives 生物燃料生产纳米催化剂的进展：机制、性能和未来展望

IF 7.9 3区材料科学 Q1 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Materials Today Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101246

Sherif Ishola Mustapha , Ifeanyi Michael Smarte Anekwe , Kabiru Bab Muritala , Yusuf Makarfi Isa

The global pursuit of sustainable and low-carbon energy solutions has intensified research into biofuels as viable alternatives to fossil fuels. Yet, conventional catalytic processes often suffer from limitations such as low conversion efficiency, poor selectivity, and limited catalyst recyclability. Recent advances in nanotechnology have introduced nanocatalysts as powerful tools to overcome these barriers, owing to their high surface-to-volume ratio, tunable physicochemical properties, and superior catalytic performance. This review critically examines the application of nanocatalysts in major biofuel production routes, including transesterification, pyrolysis, hydrothermal liquefaction, hydrodeoxygenation, hydrolysis, fermentation, and steam reforming. The roles of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, carbon-based nanomaterials, magnetic nanocomposites, zeolites, and bimetallic or multimetallic systems are comprehensively discussed in terms of catalytic mechanisms, yield enhancement, and reusability. The comparative advantages of nanocatalysts over traditional systems, particularly in reaction kinetics, thermal stability, and adaptability to diverse feedstocks, are emphasized. Furthermore, the review explores emerging strategies such as green synthesis methods, hybrid nanostructures, and integration into circular biorefinery platforms. Key challenges, including nanoparticle agglomeration, scalability, and long-term stability, are also outlined. By consolidating current advancements and identifying future research directions, this article highlights the transformative potential of nanocatalysts in improving biofuel productivity, process economics, and environmental sustainability, ultimately supporting the global transition toward renewable energy systems.

全球对可持续和低碳能源解决方案的追求，加强了对生物燃料作为化石燃料可行替代品的研究。然而，传统的催化工艺往往存在转化效率低、选择性差、催化剂可回收性有限等局限性。纳米技术的最新进展使纳米催化剂成为克服这些障碍的有力工具，因为它们具有高的表面体积比、可调的物理化学性质和优越的催化性能。本文综述了纳米催化剂在生物燃料生产中的主要应用，包括酯交换、热解、水热液化、加氢脱氧、水解、发酵和蒸汽重整。本文从催化机理、产率提高和可重复利用等方面全面讨论了金属和金属氧化物纳米颗粒、碳基纳米材料、磁性纳米复合材料、沸石和双金属或多金属体系的作用。纳米催化剂相对于传统系统的优势，特别是在反应动力学、热稳定性和对不同原料的适应性方面，被强调。此外，本文还探讨了新兴的策略，如绿色合成方法、混合纳米结构和融入循环生物炼制平台。关键的挑战，包括纳米颗粒团聚，可扩展性和长期稳定性，也概述。通过巩固目前的进展和确定未来的研究方向，本文强调了纳米催化剂在提高生物燃料生产率、过程经济性和环境可持续性方面的变革潜力，最终支持全球向可再生能源系统的过渡。

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引用次数: 0

Demonstrating circularity in thermal spraying: Converting waste to wealth 展示热喷涂的循环性：变废为宝

IF 7.9 3区材料科学 Q1 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Materials Today Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101251

Rahul Jude Alroy , Stefan Björklund , Radek Mušálek , František Lukáč , Vasanth Gopal , Peter Kjeldsteen , Olav Norheim , Shrikant Joshi

Typically, 40–60 % of the injected powder feedstock in most thermal spray processes ends up as overspray waste and is a prominent technology drawback. This unutilized powder not only represents significant raw material loss but also poses disposal challenges. This study examines the prospect of the possible reuse of overspray waste that can considerably enhance the sustainability of thermal spray processes. Overspray waste from high velocity oxy fuel (HVOF) spraying of a WC-20Cr₃C₂-7Ni powder from an industrial spray shop was systematically collected and characterized for morphology, particle size distribution, and phase composition. This overspray powder was considered for reuse as feedstock for both HVOF and high velocity air fuel (HVAF) spraying. The resulting coatings were evaluated for microstructure, phase constitution, hardness and wear performance, and their characteristics were compared with coatings produced from virgin powder deposited via HVOF and HVAF. The results were noted to be extremely encouraging, with HVAF coatings using HVOF overspray outperforming HVOF coatings with virgin powder feedstock, making a strong case to investigate further possibilities to gainfully utilize thermal spray waste from varied sources. Considering that tungsten and chromium are critical raw materials, with tungsten bearing a particularly high carbon footprint, this study also quantitatively assesses the sustainability benefits of reusing the overspray powder. This illustrative exercise reveals a reduction in energy consumption and CO₂ emissions by a factor of two to three, along with a three-to-fivefold reduction in production costs.

通常，在大多数热喷涂过程中，40-60 %的注入粉末原料最终成为过度喷涂废物，这是一个突出的技术缺点。这些未被利用的粉末不仅代表了巨大的原材料损失，而且带来了处理挑战。本研究探讨了可能重复使用的过度喷雾废物的前景，可以大大提高热喷涂过程的可持续性。系统收集了某工业喷涂车间对WC-20Cr3C2-7Ni粉末进行高速氧燃料（HVOF）喷涂后的过喷废弃物，并对其形貌、粒度分布和相组成进行了表征。这种过度喷雾粉末被认为可以作为HVOF和高速空气燃料（HVAF）喷涂的原料。对制备的涂层进行了显微组织、相组成、硬度和磨损性能的评价，并与HVOF和HVAF制备的涂层进行了比较。结果非常令人鼓舞，使用HVOF过度喷涂的HVOF涂层的性能优于使用原始粉末原料的HVOF涂层，这为进一步研究各种来源的热喷涂废料的有效利用可能性提供了强有力的理由。考虑到钨和铬是关键的原材料，钨的碳足迹特别高，本研究还定量评估了重复使用过度喷涂粉末的可持续性效益。这个说明性的练习揭示了能源消耗和二氧化碳排放量减少了2到3倍，同时生产成本降低了3到5倍。

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引用次数: 0

Strategic pH-controlled synthesis of single-crystal LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 for maximized structural and electrochemical optimization in lithium-ion batteries 锂离子电池结构和电化学优化的战略性ph控制单晶LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2合成

IF 7.9 3区材料科学 Q1 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Materials Today Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101250

Donny Marihot Siburian , Yi Cheng , Hai Liu , Zhenjiang He , Yunjiao Li , Yulou Wu , Wenchao Hua , Kaihua Xu

The development of single-crystalline LiNi_0.6Co_0.2Mn_0.2O₂ (NCM622) cathodes has garnered significant interest in lithium-ion batteries due to their superior cycle stability and capacity retention compared to polycrystalline counterparts. However, achieving high-performance single-crystalline NCM622 cathodes remains challenging due to uncontrolled particle growth and side reactions. This study highlights the importance of pH control in precursor synthesis, as it crucially influences nucleation and crystallinity, essential for single-crystal formation. Optimized conditions (pH = 11.2, denoted as HP-4/SC-4) promoted solid-state nucleation and controlled particle growth, enabling the formation of single crystals during sintering. The SC-4 cathode exhibited an initial discharge capacity of 172.56 mAh g⁻¹ with 87.78 % Coulombic efficiency, retaining 80.10 % capacity after 200 cycles. Notably, Coulombic efficiency stabilized above 99 % after 200 cycles, indicating minimal side reactions. Structural characterization confirmed the stability of the single-crystal architecture, underscoring its potential for high-energy battery applications and long-term cycle performance.

与多晶阴极相比，单晶LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 （NCM622）阴极具有优越的循环稳定性和容量保持性，因此在锂离子电池领域引起了极大的兴趣。然而，由于不受控制的颗粒生长和副反应，实现高性能单晶NCM622阴极仍然具有挑战性。这项研究强调了pH控制在前驱体合成中的重要性，因为它对单晶形成至关重要的成核和结晶度有重要影响。优化后的条件（pH = 11.2，表示为HP-4/SC-4）促进了固态成核，控制了颗粒生长，使烧结过程中形成单晶。SC-4阴极的初始放电容量为172.56 mAh g−1，库仑效率为87.78 %，循环200次后容量保持80.10 %。值得注意的是，经过200次循环后，库仑效率稳定在99% %以上，表明副反应最小。结构表征证实了单晶结构的稳定性，强调了其在高能电池应用和长期循环性能方面的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Application of multiple solid wastes as subgrade material in expressway subgrade: field test, microcosmic mechanism and sustainability 多种固体废物作为路基材料在高速公路路基中的应用：现场试验、微观机理及可持续性

IF 7.9 3区材料科学 Q1 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Materials Today Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101247

Liping Zhang , Mingrui Zhao , Xiaoqing Zhao , Bo Huang , Zimeng Zhou , Tianfeng Yang

Based on the concept of sustainable development, these solid wastes, such as soda residue (SR) and phosphate tailing (PT) were used to collaboratively prepare soda residue modified fishpond soil (SRS) and phosphate tailings-soda residue modified fishpond soil (PRS), stabilized by externally adding lime, which were applied as subgrade materials in expressway engineering. Through field tests and comparisons with lime-stabilized fishpond soil (LFS), the feasibility and advantages of them were verified as subgrade materials. Further microstructural analysis using XRD and SEM tests revealed its reaction mechanisms and microstructural characteristics. Additionally, carbon emissions and their economic assessments were conducted. As the curing time increased, the mechanical properties of SRS, PRS, and LFS all improved. After 7 days of curing, the value of CBR_f, MR_f, deflection, and DCPI of SRS are 71.1 %, 151.2 MPa, 68.2 (0.01 mm), and 1.01 cm/blow, respectively; for PRS, these values are 79.6 %, 164.4 MPa, 59.9 (0.01 mm), and 0.95 cm/blow; and for LFS, the values are 63.6 %, 131.0 MPa, 69.3 (0.01 mm), and 1.09 cm/blow. The road performances of SRS and PRS are slightly superior to those of LFS. XRD and SEM analysis indicate that the reticulated C-S-H and short-columnar AFt in the SRS and PRS systems fill the pores, thereby contributing to the development of strength. Sustainability analysis shows that SRS and PRS are environmentally friendly, low-carbon, and economically advantageous subgrade materials, suitable for application in the subgrade of expressways and highways.

基于可持续发展的理念，利用碱渣（SR）和磷酸尾渣（PT）等固体废弃物协同制备碱渣改性鱼塘土（SRS）和磷酸尾渣-碱渣改性鱼塘土（PRS），通过外加石灰稳定，作为高速公路工程路基材料。通过现场试验和与石灰稳定鱼塘土（LFS）的对比，验证了其作为路基材料的可行性和优越性。通过XRD和SEM对其进行微观结构分析，揭示了其反应机理和微观结构特征。此外，还进行了碳排放及其经济评估。随着固化时间的延长，SRS、PRS和LFS的力学性能均有所提高。养护7 d后，SRS的CBRf、MRf、挠度和DCPI分别为71.1 %、151.2 MPa、68.2（0.01 mm）和1.01 cm/blow；PRS值分别为79.6% %、164.4 MPa、59.9（0.01 mm）和0.95 cm/blow；LFS分别为63.6 %、131.0 MPa、69.3（0.01 mm）和1.09 cm/blow。SRS和PRS的道路性能略优于LFS。XRD和SEM分析表明，SRS和PRS体系中网状的C-S-H和短柱状的AFt填充了孔隙，促进了强度的发展。可持续性分析表明，SRS和PRS是一种环境友好、低碳、经济优势的路基材料，适合在高速公路路基中应用。

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引用次数: 0

Monitoring pilot-scale lignin depolymerization via nanoparticle size in water: A sustainable qualitative method 监测中试规模木质素解聚通过纳米颗粒大小在水中：一个可持续的定性方法

IF 7.9 3区材料科学 Q1 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Materials Today Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101245

Marc Comí, Ekiñe Apellaniz, Paul Jusner, Balaji Sridharan, Kelly Servaes, Richard Vendamme

Lignin is the most abundant aromatic bioresource, but the complexity of its biopolymer structure hinders its use in many applications. Large-scale continuous systems for lignin upgrading via solvolysis or catalytic depolymerization are currently being developed to produce more defined and application-specific lignin oligomers. A key factor in the scale-up of the conversion process is monitoring the molecular weight of lignin fractions throughout the operation. However, traditional analytical methods such as gel permeation chromatography (GPC) are slow, while a fast response is essential to prevent significant product losses. In this study, we developed a simple, rapid, and qualitative method to assess the molecular weight range of the lignin-derived products during continuous depolymerization runs. This approach is based on establishing strong correlations between lignin molecular structure and nanoparticle size in aqueous dispersion. By optimizing lignin nanoparticle (LNP) fabrication for specific lignin fractions within a defined molecular weight range, we tested a series of lignin samples. The results obtained from GPC and LNP size analysis were compared to validate the accuracy of our method. Finally, the LNP-based qualitative method was applied to a pilot-scale depolymerization run to track potential deviations in molecular weight in the final product. Our findings demonstrate that LNP size can serve as a simple, reliable, and rapid technique for evaluating the molecular weight of depolymerized lignin. This method offers valuable potential for future industrial processes involving this abundant renewable resource.

木质素是最丰富的芳香生物资源，但其生物聚合物结构的复杂性阻碍了它的广泛应用。目前正在开发通过溶剂分解或催化解聚进行木质素升级的大规模连续系统，以生产更明确和特定应用的木质素低聚物。放大转化过程的一个关键因素是在整个操作过程中监测木质素组分的分子量。然而，传统的分析方法，如凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）是缓慢的，而快速响应是必不可少的，以防止重大的产品损失。在这项研究中，我们开发了一种简单、快速、定性的方法来评估连续解聚过程中木质素衍生产品的分子量范围。这种方法是基于建立木质素分子结构和纳米颗粒大小在水分散之间的强相关性。通过优化木质素纳米颗粒（LNP）在特定分子量范围内的特定木质素组分的制造，我们测试了一系列木质素样品。比较了GPC和LNP粒度分析的结果，验证了方法的准确性。最后，将基于lnp的定性方法应用于中试解聚运行，以跟踪最终产品中分子量的潜在偏差。我们的研究结果表明LNP大小可以作为一种简单、可靠和快速的评估解聚木质素分子量的技术。这种方法为涉及这种丰富的可再生资源的未来工业过程提供了宝贵的潜力。

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