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An overview of metal-free diazine-based dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells: Synthesis, optical, and photovoltaic properties 用于染料敏化太阳能电池的无金属重氮染料概述:合成、光学和光伏特性
IF 7.1 3区 材料科学 Q1 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtsust.2024.101014
Aisha R. Al-Marhabi , Reda M. El-Shishtawy , Khalid O. Al-Footy
The constant rise in global energy usage has depleted fossil fuel reserves. Therefore, researchers explored solar energy as an alternative energy reserve due to the need for limitless power. In particular, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) hold great promise in meeting the growing demand for renewable energy supplies due to a low-cost and environmentally friendly photovoltaic technology for harnessing solar energy. The sensitizers' molecular engineering is essential for accomplishing high conversion efficiencies. Numerous research activities have been concentrated on diazine scaffolds (substituted diazines, benzodiazines, and fused heterocyclic diazines) among the many different types of sensitizers because of their strong absorption bands in the visible light region, electron-withdrawing ability, and the ease of modifications that can be made to their skeleton. This review classified the diazines according to their scaffolds (pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine). The improvements to the performance of metal-free DSSCs according to the molecular engineering of the sensitizer are discussed. The effect of the donors, auxiliary donors, auxiliary acceptors, mono or di-anchoring groups, and incorporation of π-spacers or alkyl chains in the sensitizer molecule on the photovoltaic performance are discussed. The synthetic approaches, optical properties in solution, and their photovoltaic performances in DSSCs were also summarized. The present work aims to give readers a distinct picture of the subject and enlighten the researchers by developing future ideas about designing sensitizers employing other heterocyclic scaffolds with electron-deficient properties to achieve an excellent solar energy conversion.
全球能源使用量的持续增长已经耗尽了化石燃料储备。因此,出于对无限能源的需求,研究人员探索将太阳能作为替代能源储备。特别是染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC),作为一种利用太阳能的低成本、环保型光伏技术,在满足日益增长的可再生能源供应需求方面大有可为。敏化剂分子工程对于实现高转换效率至关重要。在众多不同类型的敏化剂中,重氮类支架(取代重氮类、苯并二氮类和融合杂环重氮类)因其在可见光区域具有较强的吸收带、电子吸收能力以及骨架易于改性等特点而成为研究的重点。本综述根据重氮类化合物的支架(哒嗪、嘧啶、吡嗪)对其进行了分类。讨论了根据敏化剂的分子工程改善无金属 DSSC 性能的问题。讨论了敏化剂分子中的供体、辅助供体、辅助受体、单锚定基团或双锚定基团以及π-间距或烷基链对光伏性能的影响。还总结了合成方法、溶液中的光学特性及其在 DSSC 中的光伏性能。本研究旨在让读者对这一主题有一个清晰的认识,并启发研究人员在今后设计敏化剂时采用其他具有缺电子特性的杂环支架,以实现出色的太阳能转换。
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引用次数: 0
Unveiling the potential of additives in optimizing halide perovskite solar cells performance and reliability 揭示添加剂在优化卤化物过氧化物太阳能电池性能和可靠性方面的潜力
IF 7.1 3区 材料科学 Q1 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtsust.2024.101011
Neda Kalantari , Nagihan Delibaş , Aligholi Niaei
This overview delves into the crucial role of additives in bolstering the performance and robustness of Halide Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs). Categorizing both organic and inorganic additives, the study explores their substantial impact on enhancing the thermal and UV-light stability of PSCs. Various strategies such as solvent manipulation, doping, alloying, and nucleation control are discussed for optimizing the stability of PSCs. Additionally, focusing on improving hole and electron transporting layers, interface protections, and energy band configurations aids in augmenting the efficiency of PSCs. The employment of carbon electrodes and encapsulation techniques emerges as effective methods to bolster thermal stability in PSCs. Furthermore, a profound understanding of defect properties and interface materials is pivotal for augmenting the stability and durability of PSCs. The review encapsulates experimental methods, characterization techniques, and underlying mechanisms behind the additive-induced enhancements in PSCs. Moreover, the article addresses the challenges and future directions in utilizing inorganic additives to elevate the efficiency and stability of PSCs, providing a comprehensive overview of the current state of research and proposing avenues for further advancements in the realm of inorganic additives for Halide Perovskite Solar Cells.
本综述深入探讨了添加剂在提高卤化物包光体太阳能电池(PSCs)的性能和稳健性方面的关键作用。研究将有机和无机添加剂分类,探讨它们对提高 PSC 热稳定性和紫外线稳定性的重大影响。研究讨论了优化 PSCs 稳定性的各种策略,如溶剂处理、掺杂、合金化和成核控制。此外,专注于改进空穴和电子传输层、界面保护和能带配置有助于提高 PSCs 的效率。采用碳电极和封装技术是提高 PSC 热稳定性的有效方法。此外,深入了解缺陷特性和界面材料对于提高 PSCs 的稳定性和耐用性至关重要。这篇综述囊括了实验方法、表征技术以及添加剂增强 PSCs 性能背后的基本机制。此外,文章还探讨了利用无机添加剂提高 PSCs 效率和稳定性所面临的挑战和未来发展方向,全面概述了研究现状,并提出了进一步推动卤化物包光体太阳能电池无机添加剂领域发展的途径。
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引用次数: 0
Optoelectronic properties of GaP:Ti photovoltaic devices GaP:Ti 光电器件的光电特性
IF 7.1 3区 材料科学 Q1 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtsust.2024.101008
J. Olea , J. Gonzalo , J. Siegel , A.F. Braña , G. Godoy-Pérez , R. Benítez-Fernández , D. Caudevilla , S. Algaidy , F. Pérez-Zenteno , S. Duarte-Cano , A. del Prado , E. García-Hemme , R. García-Hernansanz , D. Pastor , E. San-Andrés , I. Mártil
Supersaturated GaP is of interest for the photovoltaic field since optical transitions at energies below the bandgap (2.26 eV) could enhance the overall device efficiency up to theoretically 60%. We have previously demonstrated that Ti supersaturated GaP can be obtained by means of ion implantation and pulsed-laser melting with high structural quality and measured its below-bandgap photoconductivity. In this work we report the first results of a GaP:Ti based photovoltaic device. We have fabricated and measured photovoltaic devices with a GaP:Ti absorber layer showing enhanced external quantum efficiency at wavelengths above 550 nm. Also, we have measured the absorption coefficient (around 104 cm−1) and refractive index of this absorber layer. Finally, current-voltage curves in darkness were measured and analyzed using a two-diodes model, showing improvable characteristics. Ideas to enhance the properties of the devices are suggested.
由于能量低于带隙(2.26 eV)的光跃迁可将整体设备效率提高到理论上的 60%,因此过饱和 GaP 在光伏领域备受关注。我们之前已经证明,可以通过离子注入和脉冲激光熔化的方法获得钛过饱和 GaP,而且结构质量很高,并测量了其低于带隙的光导率。在这项工作中,我们首次报告了基于 GaP:Ti 的光伏器件的研究结果。我们制作并测量了带有 GaP:Ti 吸收层的光伏器件,结果表明,在波长超过 550 纳米时,该器件的外部量子效率有所提高。此外,我们还测量了该吸收层的吸收系数(约 104 cm-1)和折射率。最后,我们使用双二极管模型测量并分析了黑暗环境下的电流-电压曲线,结果表明其特性得到了改善。此外,还提出了增强设备特性的建议。
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引用次数: 0
V2O5-MnO2 nanocomposites as an efficient electrode material for high-performance aqueous supercapacitors V2O5-MnO2 纳米复合材料作为高性能水性超级电容器的高效电极材料
IF 7.1 3区 材料科学 Q1 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtsust.2024.101010
Tapan K. Pani , Sadananda Muduli , Kiran Kumar Garlapati , Surendra Kumar Martha
Redox-active supercapacitors are very interesting due to their high energy density (>25 Wh kg−1 at device level) and redox charge storage mechanism. In this work, V2O5-MnO2 nanocomposites are synthesized by a scalable hydrothermal approach. MnO2 in V2O5 provides better structural stability with reasonable electrochemical performance, in which V2O5 enhances the cyclic stability and rate capabilities. The V2O5-MnO2 -based electrodes deliver a specific capacitance of 266 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and are stable up to 6500 cycles with 97 % capacitance retention at 5 A g−1. The kinetic study depicts that composite electrodes have a 64 % diffusive and 36 % capacitive charge storage contribution to the overall charge storage at 1 mV s−1. In symmetric full cells, the composite materials show a wide active potential window of 2.5 V and retain 83 % capacitance after 10000 continuous GCD cycles at an applied current density of 2 A g−1. The promising charge storage performance is due to a suitable conducting matrix and the effective coating of MnO2 nanoparticles over the unique V2O5 niddle shape (two-dimensional) micro-rods.
氧化还原活性超级电容器因其高能量密度(器件级为 25 Wh kg-1)和氧化还原电荷存储机制而备受关注。本研究采用可扩展的水热法合成了 V2O5-MnO2 纳米复合材料。V2O5 中的 MnO2 具有更好的结构稳定性和合理的电化学性能,其中 V2O5 增强了循环稳定性和速率能力。基于 V2O5-MnO2 的电极在 0.5 A g-1 电流条件下的比电容为 266 F g-1,在 5 A g-1 电流条件下的比电容保持率为 97%,可稳定循环 6500 次。动力学研究表明,在 1 mV s-1 时,复合电极对整体电荷存储的贡献率为 64% 扩散电荷存储和 36% 容性电荷存储。在对称全电池中,复合材料显示出 2.5 V 的宽活动电位窗口,在 2 A g-1 的应用电流密度下,经过 10000 次连续 GCD 循环后,电容保持率为 83%。良好的电荷存储性能归功于合适的导电基质以及在独特的 V2O5 中型(二维)微棒上有效地包覆 MnO2 纳米粒子。
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引用次数: 0
Performance evaluation of waste phosphogypsum-based solidified sludge: From laboratory test to field application 以废弃磷石膏为基础的固化污泥的性能评估:从实验室测试到实地应用
IF 7.1 3区 材料科学 Q1 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtsust.2024.101013
Jun Wu , Zengyan Luo , Yunzhi Tan , De'an Sun , Yongfeng Deng , Wenqi Li
Massive dredged sludge is being landfilled without effective use due to its high-water content and poor engineering properties, which not only leads to soil resources waste, but also occupies a large amounts of land sources. In this study, ternary stabilizer, including waste phosphogypsum (PG), ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), and lime (LM) with a mixing proportion of PG: GGBS: LM = 35:60:5, was adopted to improve the mechanical and environmental behaviors of sludge for subgrade filling purpose. The initial water content of sludge was controlled using two different dehydration methods for comparison. A series of laboratory tests, including unconfined compressive strength (UCS), organic matter content, and pH value were tested to understand its physical-mechanical properties. Thereafter, field application model equipped with a mini weather monitoring station was constructed to monitor the influence of solidified matrix on the surrounding water and soil environment. Time -dependent parameters such as plant growth, temperature, humidity, total nitrogen, phosphorus/potassium content, electrical conductivity, and pH value were monitored. Results indicate that the incorporation of PG-GGBS-LM ternary stabilizer significantly improves the mechanical and environmental properties of dredged sludge. The optimal dosage of the ternary stabilizer is 36%, which can result in a UCS value of the 2.0 MPa (slightly higher than ordinary Portland cement) after 28 days of curing. Field application reveals that plants could grow normally in solidified sludge. The environmental related parameters (i.e., total nitrogen, phosphorus/potassium content, electrical conductivity, and pH value) were similar with those in conventional planting soil, suggesting the advantage of the proposed PG-GGBS-LM ternary stabilizer in mechanical, economic and environmental aspects.
大量疏浚污泥由于含水量高、工程性质差等原因被填埋而未得到有效利用,不仅造成土壤资源浪费,还占用了大量土地资源。本研究采用三元稳定剂,包括废弃磷石膏(PG)、磨细高炉矿渣(GGBS)和石灰(LM),混合比例为 PG:GGBS:LM=35:60:5,以改善污泥的力学和环境行为,用于路基填筑。为进行比较,采用两种不同的脱水方法控制污泥的初始含水量。为了了解污泥的物理机械性能,对其进行了一系列实验室测试,包括无压抗压强度(UCS)、有机物含量和 pH 值。随后,建立了配备微型气象监测站的实地应用模型,以监测固化基质对周围水和土壤环境的影响。对植物生长、温度、湿度、总氮、磷/钾含量、电导率和 pH 值等随时间变化的参数进行了监测。结果表明,掺入 PG-GGBS-LM 三元稳定剂可显著改善疏浚污泥的机械和环境特性。三元稳定剂的最佳用量为 36%,28 天固化后可使 UCS 值达到 2.0 MPa(略高于普通硅酸盐水泥)。实地应用表明,植物可以在固化污泥中正常生长。环境相关参数(即总氮、磷/钾含量、电导率和 pH 值)与传统种植土壤中的参数相似,这表明所建议的 PG-GGBS-LM 三元稳定剂在机械、经济和环境方面都具有优势。
{"title":"Performance evaluation of waste phosphogypsum-based solidified sludge: From laboratory test to field application","authors":"Jun Wu ,&nbsp;Zengyan Luo ,&nbsp;Yunzhi Tan ,&nbsp;De'an Sun ,&nbsp;Yongfeng Deng ,&nbsp;Wenqi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.mtsust.2024.101013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtsust.2024.101013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Massive dredged sludge is being landfilled without effective use due to its high-water content and poor engineering properties, which not only leads to soil resources waste, but also occupies a large amounts of land sources. In this study, ternary stabilizer, including waste phosphogypsum (PG), ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), and lime (LM) with a mixing proportion of PG: GGBS: LM = 35:60:5, was adopted to improve the mechanical and environmental behaviors of sludge for subgrade filling purpose. The initial water content of sludge was controlled using two different dehydration methods for comparison. A series of laboratory tests, including unconfined compressive strength (UCS), organic matter content, and pH value were tested to understand its physical-mechanical properties. Thereafter, field application model equipped with a mini weather monitoring station was constructed to monitor the influence of solidified matrix on the surrounding water and soil environment. Time -dependent parameters such as plant growth, temperature, humidity, total nitrogen, phosphorus/potassium content, electrical conductivity, and pH value were monitored. Results indicate that the incorporation of PG-GGBS-LM ternary stabilizer significantly improves the mechanical and environmental properties of dredged sludge. The optimal dosage of the ternary stabilizer is 36%, which can result in a UCS value of the 2.0 MPa (slightly higher than ordinary Portland cement) after 28 days of curing. Field application reveals that plants could grow normally in solidified sludge. The environmental related parameters (<em>i.e</em>., total nitrogen, phosphorus/potassium content, electrical conductivity, and pH value) were similar with those in conventional planting soil, suggesting the advantage of the proposed PG-GGBS-LM ternary stabilizer in mechanical, economic and environmental aspects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18322,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Sustainability","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101013"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142539257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Secondary carbon skeletons constructed in porous carbon for electric double layer capacitors 在多孔碳中构建用于双电层电容器的二次碳骨架
IF 7.1 3区 材料科学 Q1 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtsust.2024.101007
Yue Mo , Junyu Chen , Yue Han, Kun Zhang, Guangxue Chen
In this work, a secondary skeleton was constructed by filling the larger spaces of porous carbon derived from passion fruit peels with glucose to created more carbon surface in same volume. The combined use of KOH activation and simultaneous etching of micropores on the carbon skeleton and secondary skeleton resulted in the preparation of porous carbon (PGC1-0.5) containing a large number of micropores. PGC1-0.5 have less total pore volume (0.987 cm3 g−1), but more micropore volume (0.821 cm3 g−1), different with 1.171 cm3 g−1, 0.668 cm3 g−1 of PGC1-0, which without glucose. Symmetric supercapacitor bases on PPGC1-0.5 have an obvious improvement in specific capacity (275.6 F g−1 (175 F cm−3), 0.1 A g−1) in 6 M KOH electrolyte compared to PGC1-0 (215.2 F g−1 (121.5 F cm−3), 0.1 A g−1). Additionally, the device exhibits excellent cycling performance and retained 103% of its specific capacity after 10,000 cycles and notable reduction in transfer internal resistance in comparison to the sample without glucose. This study shows that filling space with glucose to reduce macropores is an effective method for adjusting the pore size distribution of porous carbon.
在这项工作中,通过用葡萄糖填充从百香果皮中提取的多孔碳的较大空间来构建次骨架,从而在相同体积内形成更多的碳表面。在碳骨架和次骨架上同时使用 KOH 活化和蚀刻微孔,制备出了含有大量微孔的多孔碳(PGC1-0.5)。PGC1-0.5 的总孔隙体积(0.987 cm3 g-1)较小,但微孔体积(0.821 cm3 g-1)较大,与不含葡萄糖的 PGC1-0 的 1.171 cm3 g-1 和 0.668 cm3 g-1 不同。基于 PPGC1-0.5 的对称超级电容器在 6 M KOH 电解液中的比容量(275.6 F g-1 (175 F cm-3), 0.1 A g-1)明显高于 PGC1-0 (215.2 F g-1 (121.5 F cm-3), 0.1 A g-1)。此外,与不含葡萄糖的样品相比,该装置表现出卓越的循环性能,在循环 10,000 次后仍能保持 103% 的比容量,并显著降低了转移内阻。这项研究表明,用葡萄糖填充空间以减少大孔是调整多孔碳孔径分布的一种有效方法。
{"title":"Secondary carbon skeletons constructed in porous carbon for electric double layer capacitors","authors":"Yue Mo ,&nbsp;Junyu Chen ,&nbsp;Yue Han,&nbsp;Kun Zhang,&nbsp;Guangxue Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.mtsust.2024.101007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtsust.2024.101007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, a secondary skeleton was constructed by filling the larger spaces of porous carbon derived from passion fruit peels with glucose to created more carbon surface in same volume. The combined use of KOH activation and simultaneous etching of micropores on the carbon skeleton and secondary skeleton resulted in the preparation of porous carbon (PGC1-0.5) containing a large number of micropores. PGC1-0.5 have less total pore volume (0.987 cm<sup>3</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>), but more micropore volume (0.821 cm<sup>3</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>), different with 1.171 cm<sup>3</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>, 0.668 cm<sup>3</sup> g<sup>−1</sup> of PGC1-0, which without glucose. Symmetric supercapacitor bases on PPGC1-0.5 have an obvious improvement in specific capacity (275.6 F g<sup>−1</sup> (175 F cm<sup>−3</sup>), 0.1 A g<sup>−1</sup>) in 6 M KOH electrolyte compared to PGC1-0 (215.2 F g<sup>−1</sup> (121.5 F cm<sup>−3</sup>), 0.1 A g<sup>−1</sup>). Additionally, the device exhibits excellent cycling performance and retained 103% of its specific capacity after 10,000 cycles and notable reduction in transfer internal resistance in comparison to the sample without glucose. This study shows that filling space with glucose to reduce macropores is an effective method for adjusting the pore size distribution of porous carbon.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18322,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Sustainability","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101007"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142539258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Polyvinyl alcohol assisted citrate based reduction of gold(III) ions: Theoretical design and experimental study on green synthesis of spherical and biocompatible gold nanoparticles 聚乙烯醇辅助柠檬酸盐还原金(III)离子:球形生物相容性金纳米粒子绿色合成的理论设计与实验研究
IF 7.1 3区 材料科学 Q1 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtsust.2024.101012
Anshuman Jakhmola , Valentina Onesto , Francesco Gentile , Farshad Moradi Kashkooli , Krishnan Sathiyamoorthy , Edmondo Battista , Raffaele Vecchione , Kevin Rod , Michael C. Kolios , Jahangir (Jahan) Tavakkoli , Paolo A. Netti
In this study, we demonstrate the synthesis of small gold nanoparticles (typically 8–10 nm) through a green synthesis approach. This method involves utilizing chloroauric acid as the gold precursor, trisodium citrate as a mild reducing and co-capping agent, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), as a co-capping and shape-directing agent. This novel synthesis method stands alone as a protocol that involves just mixing the reagents at room temperature and allowing the reaction to proceed at ambient temperature without any disturbance. In the absence of PVA, spherical particles are not formed and the reaction mixture slowly turns black followed by precipitation.The synthesis process was meticulously tracked using time-resolved monitoring of the growth of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) by UV-vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The as-prepared colloidal gold solution was bright red, attributed to the small size (≤10 nm) and spherical geometry of nanoparticles. This colloidal solution could be stored indefinitely at room temperature without precipitation or a change in its absorption profile. The nanoparticles remained stable in adverse conditions such as 100 mM NaCl solution, 1 × PBS and cell culture medium. Additionally, they could be easily loaded with drugs like doxorubicin by adsorption. The particles were thoroughly characterized using a range of techniques, including UV-vis spectroscopy, attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), hyperspectral-enhanced dark field microscopy (HEDFM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Cell viability tests conducted on 2D cell lines and 3D spheroids revealed negligible toxicity even at high concentrations. Furthermore, we demonstrated that an advanced version of conventional diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA) schemes, which allows individual clusters to move freely within a domain to form larger aggregates, can effectively replicate the intricate interactions between chloroauric acid, trisodium citrate, and PVA, the agents involved in the synthesis of gold nanoparticles.
在本研究中,我们展示了通过绿色合成法合成小金纳米粒子(通常为 8-10 纳米)的方法。这种方法利用氯金酸作为金的前体,柠檬酸三钠作为温和的还原剂和助封端剂,聚乙烯醇(PVA)作为助封端和形状定向剂。这种新颖的合成方法只需在室温下混合试剂,让反应在环境温度下进行,不受任何干扰。通过紫外-可见光谱和透射电子显微镜对局部表面等离子体共振(LSPR)的生长进行时间分辨监测,对合成过程进行了细致的跟踪。制备的胶体金溶液呈鲜红色,这归因于纳米粒子的小尺寸(≤10 nm)和球形几何形状。这种胶体溶液可在室温下无限期保存,不会出现沉淀或吸收曲线的变化。纳米粒子在 100 mM NaCl 溶液、1 × PBS 和细胞培养基等不利条件下保持稳定。此外,它们还能通过吸附作用轻松载入多柔比星等药物。利用一系列技术对这些颗粒进行了全面的表征,包括紫外-可见光谱、衰减全反射傅立叶变换红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)、高分辨率透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、高光谱增强暗场显微镜(HEDFM)、动态光散射(DLS)和 X 射线光电子能谱(XPS)。在二维细胞系和三维球形体上进行的细胞活力测试表明,即使在高浓度下,其毒性也可以忽略不计。此外,我们还证明了传统扩散限制聚集(DLA)方案的高级版本(允许单个团簇在域内自由移动以形成更大的聚集体)可以有效地复制金纳米粒子合成过程中所涉及的氯金酸、柠檬酸三钠和 PVA 之间错综复杂的相互作用。
{"title":"Polyvinyl alcohol assisted citrate based reduction of gold(III) ions: Theoretical design and experimental study on green synthesis of spherical and biocompatible gold nanoparticles","authors":"Anshuman Jakhmola ,&nbsp;Valentina Onesto ,&nbsp;Francesco Gentile ,&nbsp;Farshad Moradi Kashkooli ,&nbsp;Krishnan Sathiyamoorthy ,&nbsp;Edmondo Battista ,&nbsp;Raffaele Vecchione ,&nbsp;Kevin Rod ,&nbsp;Michael C. Kolios ,&nbsp;Jahangir (Jahan) Tavakkoli ,&nbsp;Paolo A. Netti","doi":"10.1016/j.mtsust.2024.101012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtsust.2024.101012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we demonstrate the synthesis of small gold nanoparticles (typically 8–10 nm) through a green synthesis approach. This method involves utilizing chloroauric acid as the gold precursor, trisodium citrate as a mild reducing and co-capping agent, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), as a co-capping and shape-directing agent. This novel synthesis method stands alone as a protocol that involves just mixing the reagents at room temperature and allowing the reaction to proceed at ambient temperature without any disturbance. In the absence of PVA, spherical particles are not formed and the reaction mixture slowly turns black followed by precipitation.The synthesis process was meticulously tracked using time-resolved monitoring of the growth of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) by UV-vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The as-prepared colloidal gold solution was bright red, attributed to the small size (≤10 nm) and spherical geometry of nanoparticles. This colloidal solution could be stored indefinitely at room temperature without precipitation or a change in its absorption profile. The nanoparticles remained stable in adverse conditions such as 100 mM NaCl solution, 1 × PBS and cell culture medium. Additionally, they could be easily loaded with drugs like doxorubicin by adsorption. The particles were thoroughly characterized using a range of techniques, including UV-vis spectroscopy, attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), hyperspectral-enhanced dark field microscopy (HEDFM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Cell viability tests conducted on 2D cell lines and 3D spheroids revealed negligible toxicity even at high concentrations. Furthermore, we demonstrated that an advanced version of conventional diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA) schemes, which allows individual clusters to move freely within a domain to form larger aggregates, can effectively replicate the intricate interactions between chloroauric acid, trisodium citrate, and PVA, the agents involved in the synthesis of gold nanoparticles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18322,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Sustainability","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101012"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142539263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Enhanced CO2 hydrogenation performance of CoCrNiFeMn high entropy alloys 增强 CoCrNiFeMn 高熵合金的二氧化碳加氢性能
IF 7.1 3区 材料科学 Q1 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtsust.2024.101006
Chunjing Su , Lizhuo Wang , Sibei Zou , Xingmo Zhang , Haoyue Sun , Xingxu Liu , Chenze Li , Yijiao Jiang , Xiaopeng Li , Jiaquan Li , Jun Huang
CO2 hydrogenation is a promising process for removing anthropogenic CO2 emissions and yielding C1 chemicals that can be utilized as fuels and valuable precursors for chemical synthesis. Commercial high-entropy alloys (HEAs) have widespread application in various fields owing to their exceptional thermal stability and tunable microstructure. However, their potential application as catalysts is often limited by the low exposure of active sites. In this study, the commercial CoCrNiFeMn powder was applied for atmospheric pressure CO2 hydrogenation and enhanced its catalytic performance by a combined treatment of ball milling and high-temperature H2 reduction. The high-energy ball milling results in a morphological transition in CoCrNiFeMn HEAs from spherical to irregular. This transformation leads to a significant decrease in particle size and more surface reactive sites. The high-temperature H2 reduction promoted the atomic rearrangement on the CoCrNiFeMn surface, thereby improving its alloy structural homogeneity. These modifications greatly improve the performance of CoCrNiFeMn for CO2 hydrogenation. This work introduces a facile modification approach to facilitate the catalytic efficiency of commercial HEAs in CO2 hydrogenation with high selectivity.
二氧化碳加氢是一种很有前景的工艺,它可以消除人为二氧化碳排放,并产生可用作燃料和有价值的化学合成前体的 C1 化学物质。商用高熵合金(HEAs)具有优异的热稳定性和可调微观结构,因此在各个领域都有广泛应用。然而,它们作为催化剂的潜在应用往往受到活性位点暴露程度低的限制。本研究将商用钴铬镍铁锰粉应用于常压二氧化碳加氢,并通过球磨和高温 H2 还原联合处理提高了其催化性能。高能球磨导致钴铬镍铁锰氢乙醇胺的形态从球形转变为不规则形。这种转变导致颗粒尺寸显著减小,表面反应位点增多。高温 H2 还原促进了 CoCrNiFeMn 表面的原子重排,从而改善了其合金结构的均匀性。这些改性大大提高了 CoCrNiFeMn 在 CO2 加氢中的性能。这项工作介绍了一种简便的改性方法,可提高商用氢乙氧基锰在二氧化碳加氢中的催化效率和高选择性。
{"title":"Enhanced CO2 hydrogenation performance of CoCrNiFeMn high entropy alloys","authors":"Chunjing Su ,&nbsp;Lizhuo Wang ,&nbsp;Sibei Zou ,&nbsp;Xingmo Zhang ,&nbsp;Haoyue Sun ,&nbsp;Xingxu Liu ,&nbsp;Chenze Li ,&nbsp;Yijiao Jiang ,&nbsp;Xiaopeng Li ,&nbsp;Jiaquan Li ,&nbsp;Jun Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.mtsust.2024.101006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtsust.2024.101006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CO<sub>2</sub> hydrogenation is a promising process for removing anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub> emissions and yielding C1 chemicals that can be utilized as fuels and valuable precursors for chemical synthesis. Commercial high-entropy alloys (HEAs) have widespread application in various fields owing to their exceptional thermal stability and tunable microstructure. However, their potential application as catalysts is often limited by the low exposure of active sites. In this study, the commercial CoCrNiFeMn powder was applied for atmospheric pressure CO<sub>2</sub> hydrogenation and enhanced its catalytic performance by a combined treatment of ball milling and high-temperature H<sub>2</sub> reduction. The high-energy ball milling results in a morphological transition in CoCrNiFeMn HEAs from spherical to irregular. This transformation leads to a significant decrease in particle size and more surface reactive sites. The high-temperature H<sub>2</sub> reduction promoted the atomic rearrangement on the CoCrNiFeMn surface, thereby improving its alloy structural homogeneity. These modifications greatly improve the performance of CoCrNiFeMn for CO<sub>2</sub> hydrogenation. This work introduces a facile modification approach to facilitate the catalytic efficiency of commercial HEAs in CO<sub>2</sub> hydrogenation with high selectivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18322,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Sustainability","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 101006"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142539261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Applications of thermochromic material in opaque building envelopes: A comprehensive review 热致变色材料在不透明建筑围护结构中的应用:全面回顾
IF 7.1 3区 材料科学 Q1 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtsust.2024.101009
Chenxi Hu , Liming Ge , Xi Meng
Solar radiation heat gain can lower the air-conditioning energy consumption and improve the thermal environment in winter while it is in summer. However, the traditional building skin material does not address the difference in thermal demand between winter and summer due to the constant solar reflectance. An innovative solution to this issue is the use of thermochromic materials (TCMs), which are capable of altering their colour and solar reflectance in response to temperature changes, thus aligning with the seasonal thermal requirements. Despite the potential of TCMs, a thorough analysis of their advantages and drawbacks to inform their practical application has been lacking in the literature. This review provides an overview of the classification and discolouration mechanism of TCM, performance measurement indicators and evaluation methods, and the main factors affecting the application efficiency of TCM. It provides a comprehensive account of the application efficiency of TCM in the thermal environment of urban buildings and building energy consumption. Finally, the review concludes with suggestions for future research avenues and potential applications, taking into account the limitations currently impeding the full realization of TCMs' efficiency.
太阳辐射得热可以降低空调能耗,改善冬季与夏季的热环境。然而,由于太阳反射率的恒定性,传统的建筑表皮材料无法解决冬夏两季的热需求差异。解决这一问题的创新方法是使用热致变色材料(TCM),这种材料能够根据温度变化改变颜色和太阳反射率,从而与季节性热需求保持一致。尽管热致变色材料潜力巨大,但文献中一直缺乏对其优缺点的全面分析,从而为其实际应用提供依据。本综述概述了中药的分类和变色机理、性能测量指标和评估方法,以及影响中药应用效率的主要因素。综述全面阐述了中药在城市建筑热环境中的应用效率和建筑能耗。最后,考虑到目前阻碍中药充分发挥效能的限制因素,综述对未来的研究途径和潜在应用提出了建议。
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引用次数: 0
Sustainable full-cell NCM||Graphite system with superior stability: The hybrid impact of sulfone-containing and flame-retardant additives on interface formation and cyclability 具有卓越稳定性的可持续全电池 NCM|| 石墨体系:含砜添加剂和阻燃添加剂对界面形成和循环性的混合影响
IF 7.1 3区 材料科学 Q1 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtsust.2024.101004
Fereshteh Abbasi , Mohammadreza Mansournia , Farshad Boorboor Ajdari , Abolfazl Fathollahi Zonouz
S-containing additives improve the performance, lifetime, and sustainability of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) through the stabilization of electrode-electrolyte interfaces, modification of electrolyte properties, and facilitating the efficient resource utilization and rapid Li+ migration. Non-etheless, fire safety, extended shelf life, and capacity maintenance are critical concerns for commercial LIBs. Herein, a S-containing film-forming additive, including 4,4-diaminodiphenylsolfon (DADP) by incorporating flame retardancy of dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP) was considered toward taking the barriers of above-mentioned challenges. Based on the calculation, the additives decompose sequentially to produce a distinct SEI via a narrower energy gap under both cathodic and anodic conditions. The NCM532||Graphite with DADP/DMMP showed the enhanced preservation and stability of structure, defined by XRD, Rietveld refinement pattern, SEM, and FT-IR. While the DMMP decreased the fire risk and lowered the capacity due to side reactions, the DADP improved the capacity loss, where the retention rate was 94.91%, 92.01%, 81.29%, and 76.22% within 100, 200, 300, and 400 cycles, respectively. The additive also maintained a capacity of 1123.115 mAhg−1 for 650 cycles, demonstrating excellent cyclability. Therefore, DADP/DMMP facilitate the formation of stable SEI layer, reduce fire risk, improve cycle stability, and offer an achievable path to develop the safe and long-lasting commercial batteries.
含 S 添加剂通过稳定电极-电解质界面、改变电解质特性、促进资源的有效利用和 Li+ 的快速迁移,可提高锂离子电池(LIB)的性能、使用寿命和可持续性。尽管如此,防火安全、延长保质期和保持容量仍是商用锂离子电池的关键问题。本文考虑采用一种含 S 的成膜添加剂,包括 4,4-二氨基二苯基砜(DADP),并结合二甲基甲基膦酸盐(DMMP)的阻燃性,以应对上述挑战。根据计算,添加剂会依次分解,在阴极和阳极条件下通过更窄的能隙产生明显的 SEI。根据 XRD、里特维尔德细化模式、扫描电镜和傅立叶变换红外光谱的测定,添加了 DADP/DMMP 的 NCM532||| 石墨的结构保持性和稳定性得到了增强。DMMP 会降低起火风险,并因副反应而降低容量,而 DADP 则改善了容量损失,在 100、200、300 和 400 次循环中,容量保持率分别为 94.91%、92.01%、81.29% 和 76.22%。该添加剂还能在 650 次循环中保持 1123.115 mAhg-1 的容量,显示出卓越的循环能力。因此,DADP/DMMP 有助于形成稳定的 SEI 层,降低起火风险,提高循环稳定性,为开发安全、长效的商用电池提供了一条可行之路。
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Materials Today Sustainability
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